{"slug":"cxovb","id":"georgian:titus:cxovb","title":"Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:16Z","cost_usd":0.00096},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:cxovb","work_id":"cxovb","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Vita Pancratii Tauromensis. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"},"stats":{"passages":1,"english_words":109,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":5,"commentary_kinds":5,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":2,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"cxovb","abstract":"The Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis is an anonymous Old Georgian hagiographic text recounting the life of Pancratius, a missionary bishop of Taormina in Sicily. The work survives in a single manuscript, dated on palaeographic and linguistic grounds to the 10th–11th centuries, with no other Georgian witness known. It is a translation from a lost Greek Vorlage, differing from the Greek BHL 1498 tradition. The text presents itself as authored by Evagre, a disciple of Bagrat, and applies the title 'equal of the apostles' to the saint. Lacking clear liturgical use, it likely served as edifying narrative. The Titus edition provides no apparatus or translation, limiting verification.","historical_context":"The Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis belongs to the genre of hagiography, specifically the life of a missionary saint. Pancratius of Taormina was venerated in Eastern Christian traditions, and the Georgian version reflects the translation and adaptation of Byzantine hagiographic material in the Georgian monastic and literary milieu. The single manuscript witness, dated to the 10th–11th centuries, suggests production in a Georgian scriptorium, possibly in the Kingdom of Georgia or in Georgian monasteries abroad (e.g., on Mount Athos or in Palestine). The text's survival in only one copy indicates limited circulation. The lost Greek Vorlage may have been part of a broader Byzantine hagiographic corpus. The Georgian version shows no clear liturgical use, implying it was read for spiritual edification rather than in a liturgical context. The attribution to Evagre as author and disciple of Bagrat is a hagiographic convention, not historically verified. The text's relation to the Greek BHL 1498 tradition is uncertain; differences may stem from translator choices or a different exemplar.","significance":"The Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis is significant as a rare witness to the transmission of Byzantine hagiography into Georgian, illustrating the cultural and religious exchange between the Greek and Georgian Christian worlds. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of such texts and the importance of careful textual criticism. The work also contributes to the study of the cult of Pancratius in the East and the development of Georgian hagiographic literature.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Pancratius of Taormina active as missionary bishop (traditional dating)."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Old Georgian manuscript of Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis produced (palaeographic/linguistic dating)."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Greek Vorlage of the Georgian text composed (lost)."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Georgian translation made from Greek Vorlage."},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Titus edition published, based on single manuscript, without apparatus or translation."}],"relations":[{"work":"BHL 1498 (Greek tradition of Pancratius)","relation":"Related but distinct; Georgian version differs from this Greek tradition.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian hagiographic corpus (e.g., lives of missionary saints)","relation":"Part of broader Georgian hagiographic literature.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Byzantine hagiography of Pancratius of Taormina","relation":"Georgian translation of a lost Greek exemplar.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"Titus edition of Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm","reason":"Primary source for the text."}],"cautions":["Date of the Georgian manuscript is uncertain, based only on palaeographic and linguistic criteria (10th–11th c.).","Authorship attributed to Evagre is hagiographic convention, not historically verified.","Single manuscript survival prevents collation and verification of readings.","Greek Vorlage is lost; relation to BHL 1498 is unclear.","No clear liturgical use; may have been read as edifying narrative."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000428,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:18:10Z"},"checks":{"work":"cxovb","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":1,"translated":1,"commentary_passages":1,"commentary_units":5,"english_words":109,"source_letters":488,"commentary_kinds":5},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text survives in a single manuscript (Titus edition base). No other Georgian witness is known, making collation impossible.","cites":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Georgian version is conventionally dated to the 10th–11th centuries, but this rests on palaeographic and linguistic criteria, not on external evidence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Pancratius of Taormina was venerated in the East, but the Georgian version shows no clear liturgical use; it may have been read as edifying narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Titus edition provides no apparatus criticus or translation; the reader cannot verify readings against the manuscript or access a modern language version.","cites":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Georgian text is a translation from Greek; the Vorlage is lost. Differences from the Greek BHL 1498 tradition may reflect translator choices or a different exemplar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 1 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Vita Pancratii Tauromensis. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":1},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:cxovb":{"label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"თვესა ივლისსა თ. ცხორებაჲ და მოქალაქობაჲ წმიდისა მამისა ჩვენისა და მოციქულთა სწორისა ბაგრატისა, მღდელთ მოძღურისა ტავრომენელთა ქალაქისა, ჭალაკისა მის სიკილიისა, რომელი აღწერა ევაგრე ებისკოპოსმან, მოწაფემან მისმან.\n\nმოწევნულ არს ჟამი, საყუარელნო, ჴელყოფად თხრობასა ამას კეთილსა და სულთა სარგებელსა, რომელ არს ცხორებაჲ სანატრელისა მის და საკჳრველისა კაცისა ღვთისა ბაგრატისი და დედებულთა მათ და ღვთივ მონიჭებულთა სასწაულთა, რომელნი აღასრულნა მადლითა წმიდისა სამებისათა, გულსმოდგინედ უკუე ისმინეთ, ღვთის მოყვარენო, მოქალაქობაჲ ესე საღმთოჲ და წმიდაჲ, რათა ზიარ მადლისა მისისა იქმნეთ.","english":"On the twenty-first day of the month of July, the life and deeds of our holy father and equal of the apostles Bagrat, priest and teacher of the city of the Taorminians, of the plain of Sicily, which was written by Evagre the bishop, his disciple.\n\nThe time has come, beloved, to be well-disposed to this good and soul-beneficial narrative, which is the life of that blessed and wondrous man of God, Bagrat, and of those God-given miracles which he accomplished by the grace of the Holy Trinity. Hearken diligently, therefore, O lovers of God, to this divine and holy conduct, that you may become partakers of his grace.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"თვესა ივლისსა თ.","severity":"info","text":"The numeral 'თ' (300) indicates the date as the 21st day of July, following the Georgian calendar system where letters represent numbers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ბაგრატ","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Bagrat' is the Georgian form of Pancratius, the saint venerated as the first bishop of Taormina in Sicily.","cites":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ევაგრე ებისკოპოსმან","severity":"info","text":"Evagre the bishop is presented as the author and disciple of Bagrat; this attribution is part of the hagiographic tradition but not historically verified.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴელყოფად თხრობასა","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'be well-disposed to this narrative' reflects a common hortatory opening in Georgian hagiography, inviting the audience to receive the text with spiritual readiness.","cites":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"მოციქულთა სწორისა","severity":"info","text":"The title 'equal of the apostles' (isapostolos) is applied to Bagrat, paralleling similar designations for missionary saints in Byzantine and Georgian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:cxovb","label":"source edition: Legenda Pancratii Taorminensis","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/cxovbagr/cxovb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numeral 'თ' could be interpreted as 300 or as a scribal error; the reading '21st' follows standard Georgian hagiographic dating.","The identity of 'Evagre the bishop' is uncertain; no external sources confirm his existence or authorship."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}