{"slug":"budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","title":"Timothy Discourse Michael","author":"Anonymous","genre":"homily","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:18Z","cost_usd":0.014637},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","work_id":"budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":24,"english_words":3702,"coptic_letters":11218,"commentary_units":137,"commentary_kinds":10,"derived_notes":42,"ambiguities":48,"work_notes":5,"external_links":6,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","abstract":"This homily, attributed to Timothy of Alexandria, praises the archangel Michael and is intended for liturgical use on his feast day (12 Paone). It describes Michael as the 'angel of mercy' who intercedes for the faithful, contrasts the righteous with sinners, and includes references to torments and repentance. The text survives in fragmentary Coptic manuscripts and an Ethiopic version, first edited by Budge in 1915.","historical_context":"The homily likely dates between the 5th and 7th centuries CE, a period when Coptic angelological literature flourished in Egyptian monastic communities. It is attributed to Timothy of Alexandria (probably Timothy I, 380–384, or Timothy II, 457–477), though the attribution is uncertain. The text was transmitted in Coptic, with later Ethiopic expansions in the Dossier of the Anonymous Faws Manfasawi. It reflects the liturgical and devotional practices of Coptic Christianity, where archangel Michael was venerated as a powerful intercessor. The homily's high rhetorical register and use of biblical citations (e.g., Psalmist David) indicate its use in monastic settings for feast-day celebrations.","significance":"This homily is a key witness to Coptic angelological devotion and the liturgical veneration of Michael in late antique Egypt. It also illustrates the transmission of Coptic texts into Ethiopic tradition, showing cross-cultural religious exchange. The work's fragmentary survival and lack of a critical edition highlight ongoing challenges in studying Coptic homiletics.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–7th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Coptic homily attributed to Timothy of Alexandria."},{"date":"ca. 4th–5th c.","event":"Possible lifetime of Timothy of Alexandria (if Timothy I or II)."},{"date":"1915","event":"First edition and English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge in *Miscellaneous Coptic Texts*."},{"date":"undated","event":"Ethiopic version incorporated into the Dossier of the Anonymous Faws Manfasawi."}],"relations":[{"work":"Miscellaneous Coptic Texts","relation":"First modern edition and translation of the Coptic text","key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"},{"work":"Dossier of the Anonymous Faws Manfasawi","relation":"Contains the Ethiopic version of the homily","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Budge, Miscellaneous Coptic Texts (Hollis record)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941","reason":"Primary edition of the Coptic text"},{"key":"hollis:alma990090411020203941","label":"Related Coptic manuscript record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990090411020203941","reason":"Manuscript context for the homily"},{"key":"hollis:alma99153734985103941","label":"Ethiopic version record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99153734985103941","reason":"Ethiopic transmission of the work"},{"key":"hollis:alma99154549468603941","label":"Additional manuscript record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99154549468603941","reason":"Further manuscript evidence"},{"key":"hollis:alma99158440773703941","label":"Related scholarly resource","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99158440773703941","reason":"Secondary literature on Coptic angelology"},{"key":"wikipedia:Timothy I of Alexandria","label":"Timothy I of Alexandria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_I_of_Alexandria","reason":"Possible author attribution context"}],"cautions":["The attribution to Timothy of Alexandria is uncertain; the homily may be pseudepigraphic.","The dating (5th–7th c.) is approximate, based on the period of Coptic angelological literature.","The Coptic text is fragmentary; the Ethiopic version may contain later expansions.","No critical edition exists beyond Budge’s transcription; the manuscript tradition is poorly understood."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000434,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:31:01Z"},"checks":{"work":"budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":24,"translated":24,"commentary_passages":24,"commentary_units":137,"english_words":3702,"coptic_letters":11218,"commentary_kinds":10},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily survives only in Coptic manuscripts; no complete Greek or Arabic version is known. The sole published edition is Budge's transcription from a single codex.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is attributed to Timothy, likely Timothy II of Alexandria (d. 477), but the homily's language and theology suggest a later date, possibly 6th–7th century.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This discourse is cited in later Ethiopic homiliaries, especially the Fäws Mänfäsawi, indicating its use in monastic reading cycles outside Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (Budge) is based on a single, damaged manuscript; lacunae and uncertain readings are not always marked. No critical apparatus exists.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Timothy is not supported by internal evidence; the homily may be pseudepigraphical, a common practice in Coptic encomiastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990019134800203941"]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: homily in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 22 narrative, 1 incipit, 1 address to the congregation."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"22 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"8 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"incipit":1,"narrative":22,"address":1},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"archangel","count":29,"first_passage":1,"note":"Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"coptic":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"God","count":26,"first_passage":1,"note":"Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":15,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","english":"Lord","count":4,"first_passage":3,"note":"Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","english":"love","count":4,"first_passage":17,"note":"Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":3,"first_passage":1,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","english":"bless","count":3,"first_passage":1,"note":"The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","english":"resurrection","count":3,"first_passage":8,"note":"Greek ἀνάστασις; the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word."},{"coptic":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"grace","count":2,"first_passage":7,"note":"The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":2,"first_passage":8,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":2,"first_passage":10,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","english":"fruit","count":2,"first_passage":17,"note":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲁ","english":"Apa","count":2,"first_passage":21,"note":"A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"archbishop","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","english":"holy","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"disciple","count":1,"first_passage":2,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"prophet","count":1,"first_passage":5,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲧⲡⲉ","english":"heaven","count":1,"first_passage":8,"note":"The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":1,"first_passage":10,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","english":"nation","count":1,"first_passage":22,"note":"Greek ἔθνος. In the plural, the Gentiles as a category over against Israel; in the singular, a nation like any other."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","english":"Mary","count":1,"first_passage":24,"note":"The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}],"citations":{"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael":{"label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi":{"label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ⲞⲨⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ • Ⲉ ⲀϤⲦⲀⲨⲞϤ ⲚϬⲒ ⲠϨⲀⲄⲒⲞⲤ\nⲆⲒⲘⲰⲐⲈⲞⲤ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲎⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲢⲀⲔⲞⲦⲈ • Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲠϢⲀ • Ⲙ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ •\nⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ ⲘⲒⲬⲀⲎⲖ • ⲈⲦⲈ ⲤⲞⲨ Ⲙ︦Ⲛ︦Ⲧ︦ⲤⲚⲞⲞⲨⲤ ⲠⲈ • Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲈⲒ ⲈⲂⲞⲦ ⲠⲀⲰⲚⲈ ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ • Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲚⲈϨⲒⲈⲒⲦ • ⲈⲦ Ϩ︤Ⲛ︥\nⲚⲔⲞⲖⲀⲤⲒⲤ • ⲘⲚ̄ ⲚⲈⲮⲨⲬⲞⲞⲨⲈ • ⲈⲦ ⲚϨⲎⲦⲞⲨ ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ • Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲦⲘⲈⲦⲀⲚⲞⲒⲀ • Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲀⲚⲀⲂⲀⲤⲒⲤ • ϨⲚ̄ ⲞⲨⲈⲒⲢⲎⲚⲎ •\nⲚⲦⲈ ⲠⲚⲞⲨⲦⲈ • ⲤⲘⲞⲨ • Ⲉ ⲢⲞⲚ • ϨⲀⲘⲎⲚ •\nⲝⲀⲘⲎⲚ (sic)• Ϥ︤Ⲑ︥.\nⲛⲟϭ • ⲛϣⲁ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲉⲣⲁⲁⲧⲉ •\nⲞⲩ\nⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉϥϯ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ •\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁ •\nⲁⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ • ⲛⲅ̄ϯ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲕⲉⲣⲏⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦▨▨ⲕⲱⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ •\nⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲙⲟⲩ • ▨▨ϭⲉ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲟϩⲙ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲧⲟϥ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨| ϣⲁϥⲁⲧⲱⲛⲓⲍⲉ·\nⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲁⲡⲟⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ •\nⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ •","english":"A Logos. It was proclaimed by the holy Timothy, the Archbishop of Rakote, concerning the honor of the holy Archangel Michael, which is the twelfth of this month of Paone. He also spoke concerning the torments in the punishments and the souls that are in them. He also spoke concerning the repentance of the Anabasis in the peace of God. Bless us. Amen. Amen.\n\nGreat is the festival today, O my beloved ones.\n\nLet us gather together and rejoice and delight, for I see today the great holy Archangel Michael giving us spiritual nourishment, according to the word of the Psalmist David: \"Judah, make your festivals, give your gifts.\" And also: \"The angel of the Lord surrounds those who fear him, and he saves them.\" Now this angel of mercy surrounds those who fear him to save them. He stands and prays to God for them until he restores them to these aeons of light, not only...","structure":"incipit","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲞⲨⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ • Ⲉ ⲀϤⲦⲀⲨⲞϤ ⲚϬⲒ ⲠϨⲀⲄⲒⲞⲤ ⲆⲒⲘⲰⲐⲈⲞⲤ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲎⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲢⲀⲔⲞⲦⲈ • Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲠϢⲀ • Ⲙ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ • ⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ ⲘⲒⲬⲀⲎⲖ","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'A Logos. It was proclaimed by the holy Timothy, the Archbishop of Rakote, concerning the honor of the holy Archangel Michael' is a standard incipit for a Coptic homily, identifying the work as a discourse (logos) attributed to a church father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲎⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ (archbishop) in the Coptic tradition is the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; here it is applied to Timothy, likely Timothy I (380–384 CE), though the attribution is conventional.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ (archangel) is a fixed rank in Coptic liturgy; Michael is the chief archangel, often invoked as intercessor and protector.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁ • ⲁⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ • ⲛⲅ̄ϯ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲕⲉⲣⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The quotation 'Judah, make your festivals, give your gifts' is a paraphrase of Psalm 60:5 (LXX 59:5), where the psalmist David calls for festal observance and offerings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦▨▨ⲕⲱⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'The angel of the Lord surrounds those who fear him, and he saves them' echoes Psalm 34:7 (LXX 33:7) or similar protective imagery, though the Coptic text is partially damaged.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"Several lacunae in the Coptic text (marked by ▨) obscure the end of the passage; the English draft's 'not only' suggests an incomplete sentence, and the reading of the final lines is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic incipit uses ⲞⲨⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ (a logos) without specifying whether it is a liturgical reading or a homiletic discourse; the English draft renders it as 'A Logos'.","The phrase ⲦⲘⲈⲦⲀⲚⲞⲒⲀ • Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲀⲚⲀⲂⲀⲤⲒⲤ (the repentance of the Anabasis) is obscure; 'Anabasis' may refer to a liturgical ascent or a specific text, but the meaning is not clear from the context.","The lacunae in the final lines prevent a full reconstruction of the angel's action and the restoration to the 'aeons of light'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"incipit","text":"Classified as incipit from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “archbishop”. In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “archangel”. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ → “God”. Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ carries more than one sense (god, deity); this passage takes it as “God”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ → “holy”. Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (saint); this passage takes it as “holy”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ → “bless”. The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ carries more than one sense (praise); this passage takes it as “bless”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲕⲉ ⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱ\nⲛϩⲧⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲉⲣⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲁⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲱⲣ︦ϣ︦ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁⲟⲃϣϥ̄ • ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲓ ⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲇⲓⲙⲟⲑⲉⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ\nⲑⲓⲉⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛ︦ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛ︦ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲏⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲗⲟⲥ • ⲡⲙⲁⲑⲩⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲓⲱⲛⲏⲛ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲓϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙ ⲙⲉⲃⲣⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓϥ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲣⲟⲕⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲫⲩⲗⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲓⲱϣ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲓϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲗⲥ︦ⲗ︦ • ⲛⲑⲉ\nⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲣ̄ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲉ▨▨ⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲟⲛ▨▨ⲉⲧ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨| ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ · ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϩⲁ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛⲉϥϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲁϣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϣⲓⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲛ ϣⲏⲓ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲁϣⲏ • ⲛ̄ϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"the righteous, but also the others who sinned, they set their hearts upon him, until they offered a single offering, one offering, in the name of God and the Archangel Michael. He gave it to the poor, even a single loaf of bread and a single cup of water. He will not forget them forever, the compassionate Michael. If you wish to listen, I will tell you. It happened to me, the humble Timothy, your father. I went up to Jerusalem to worship the Cross of our Savior and the Tomb of the Resurrection, and the holy places where our Savior walked. After that, I went into the house of the mother of Proclus, the disciple of John the Evangelist. I stayed there. I found a book of parchment, which Proclus, the disciple of John, had written. The people in the house had left it as a phylactery. I read it. I found this great consolation, as the Evangelist testified concerning it. It happened to me, he said, I, John, that the angel walked with him... mystery... upon a lake, which was very terrible. That lake was in the midst of the lakes, and its depth and its breadth were greater than all the prisons. I heard many voices.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article with ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) indicates the Christian God, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is the fixed Coptic term for 'archangel', here referring to Michael.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Proclus is identified as a disciple of John the Evangelist; this figure is otherwise unattested in known sources, suggesting a local hagiographic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲩⲗⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The term ⲫⲩⲗⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ (phylactery) here likely means an amulet or protective object, but the Coptic text is damaged; the exact sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a general moral statement about offerings to a first-person narrative by Timothy, introducing his journey to Jerusalem and discovery of a book by Proclus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily is preserved in Coptic manuscripts and was likely used in liturgical settings for the feast of Michael on the 12th of Paone, as indicated in the opening.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱ ⲛϩⲧⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'they set their hearts upon him' (i.e., trusted Michael) or 'they set their hearts toward him' (i.e., directed their intention).","The damaged section around ⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ (mystery) and the following lines is corrupt; the exact content of John's testimony is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “disciple”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓϫⲛⲉ\nⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲟⲩ\nⲡⲉ ⲡⲧⲱϣ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲏⲓ • ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲕⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲕⲱϩ︦ⲧ︦\nϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲁϩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥ • ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲡϣⲁⲩ • ⲛϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛϣⲉ • ⲛⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nϩⲉⲛⲙⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲕⲱϩ︤ⲧ︥ • ⲉⲩⲱϭⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ ⲛⲕⲱϩ︤ⲧ︥ •","english":"... in his heart, like the roar of many waters, I asked the angel who was walking with me, \"My lord, what is the meaning of this fire? This one I saw, its smoke rising within me, a great smoke of fire, so that the flame of its smoke went up to a height of three hundred stadia. I saw lions of fire wrestling with dragons of fire.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The narrator addresses the angel as ⲡⲁϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ 'my lord'. Per the pinned glossary, ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders 'Lord' for Yahweh or Christ, but in a social context it means 'master'. Here the angel is not divine, so the sense is 'my master', a respectful address.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ 'the angel' is the companion walking with Timothy. The pinned glossary notes that ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ renders Greek ἄγγελος and means 'angel' in this corpus, not 'messenger' (which is rare).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The smoke rises ⲛϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ⲛϣⲉ ⲛⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲟⲛ 'three hundred stadia'. A stadion (στάδιον) is a Greek measure of about 185 m; 300 stadia ≈ 55.5 km. This hyperbolic height signals the cosmic scale of the vision.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the previous narrative (the offering) to a first-person vision. Timothy asks the angel about a fire he sees within himself, introducing a symbolic interior landscape that will be interpreted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲱϣ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲏⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲧⲱϣ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲏⲓ is ambiguous: ⲧⲱϣ can mean 'meaning' or 'division', and ϣⲏⲓ can mean 'fire' or 'configration'. The English draft takes it as 'meaning of this fire', but the phrase may also be read 'division of this fire'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲡⲧⲱϣ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲏⲓ: 'meaning' vs 'division' of the fire; the reading 'meaning' is followed.","ⲛⲕⲱϩⲧ: repeated as 'of fire' modifying lions and dragons; the syntax could also be read as 'fire-lions' and 'fire-dragons'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ → “Lord”. Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (master, owner); this passage takes it as “Lord”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲃⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲓⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲣ︦ⲝ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲉⲧ ⲃⲱϭⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲉⲩⲟ\nⲛ̄ⲧϭⲟⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲃϩⲃⲱ (sic) ⲛϩⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲟⲅⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ\nϩⲉⲛϣⲟ • ⲛ̄ϣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲧⲃⲁ • ⲛⲧⲃⲁ • ⲛⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ • ⲛⲕⲱϩ︤ⲧ︥ • ϥⲱϭⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲭⲁⲱⲥ • ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲁⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲣⲱⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩ • ⲡⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ\nϯⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲧⲁⲓ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲟϫⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϯⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲧⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ▨▨ⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ▨▨▨\n▨▨▨· ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲕ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲙⲛ̄ | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲟⲅⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ\nⲕⲱϩ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲥⲁϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲉⲩϩⲏⲩ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲣϥ︤ⲣ︥ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲉⲩⲟⲙⲥ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ ⲛϣⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲟⲅⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛⲁⲉϣϭⲱⲗϫ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲛⲥⲉⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲟⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲣⲟⲭⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉϩ ϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙⲏⲣ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲩϩⲓⲏ • ⲡⲏϩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲓⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ\nⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲱ ⲡⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣϩⲓⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲉⲓϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ •","english":"with labors, and with torments, and with the flame of fire, and with the heat, which never sleep, which burn within him, the strength of the serpents' venom, and the millstone of fire, coals upon coals, and embers of fire, burning, and they descend into the abyss of Tartarus, blazing. The angel said to me, \"What, O beloved of God, John, have you seen? This punishment, which is more terrible than all punishments, woe to all sinners who will be cast into this punishment, for it is evil. ... all that you have ... and I will tell you its meaning. The millstone of fire which you saw, its wheels descend downward, falling upon the sinners who are within it, consuming them, descending three hundred cubits a day, scarcely can a man turn downward within it, and afterwards they are turned upward again like a wheel in the third year. All the punishments are bound with him, their path is all downward to the pit that is there. I, however, wept greatly at that time over the destruction of the sinners. The angel said to me, 'Do not weep, O beloved of God, John, for behold, today you will see a great wonder through the archangel Michael and his great intercession. Then I will speak with him. Behold, Michael...'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (angel) is used here for the guide who addresses John as 'beloved of God'. The same term appears in the previous passage for the walking companion, consistent with the fixed rendering 'angel' in this corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is fixed for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel in Coptic liturgical usage. Here it introduces Michael by name, marking a shift from the anonymous angel guide to a higher celestial figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article names the Christian God, as in the angel's address 'beloved of God, John'. This is the standard Sahidic usage in this corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲁⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲁⲣⲟⲥ (Tartarus) is a Greek loanword for the deepest abyss of the underworld, used in apocalyptic literature to denote a place of punishment. Its appearance here aligns with the text's visionary genre.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲃϩⲃⲱ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲉⲃϩⲃⲱ is marked (sic) in the source edition, likely a scribal error or variant for ⲛⲉⲃϩⲃⲱⲟⲩ (serpents). The intended sense is 'venom of serpents', but the form is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a description of punishments to a dialogue: the angel explains the millstone of fire, then John weeps, and the angel promises a wonder through archangel Michael. This marks a structural transition from vision to narrative interaction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has several lacunae (marked ▨▨▨) that obscure the full sense of the angel's speech about the punishment and John's response.","The form ⲛⲉⲃϩⲃⲱ is ambiguous; it may be a scribal error for 'serpents' or a variant spelling."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲫⲁⲣⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲛ ⁘ ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ϩⲩⲙⲛⲉⲩⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲧⲃⲁ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲗⲁⲇⲟⲥ • ⲛⲥϯ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲉⲩⲭⲟⲣⲉⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲉϥ ϩⲏ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ▨▨▨▨▨ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲧⲃ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡϣⲁϩ• ▨▨▨▨▨▨","english":"The archangel came outside, sitting in the heavens upon the chariot of the cherubim. The angels were singing before him, and all the righteous were dwelling with him, together with the patriarchs and all the prophets, adorning themselves with great honor and great glory. They held branches in their hands and palm fronds, dancing and singing psalms before him. He came upon the torments of the fire, and the flame seized the soot.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is fixed in liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it refers to Michael, the subject of the discourse.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (prophet) is a fixed rendering for Old Testament prophets, listed here alongside patriarchs as part of the heavenly assembly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲫⲁⲣⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲉⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'chariot of the cherubim' evokes the merkabah (throne-chariot) tradition in Jewish and Christian apocalyptic, where the divine throne is borne by cherubim. This imagery is common in Coptic visions of the otherworld.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the previous description of infernal torments to a celestial scene: the archangel enthroned, surrounded by angels, righteous, patriarchs, and prophets. The contrast between punishment and glory is a structural device in the homily.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The final lines of the Coptic are heavily damaged (lacunae marked ▨). The English draft 'the flame seized the soot' is a conjectural restoration; the original sense of the angel's action upon the torments is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text breaks off at the end; the phrase 'the flame seized the soot' is a reconstruction from damaged text and may not reflect the original."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “prophet”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲑⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲣ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱ̄ⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲭⲁⲗⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉϥⲧⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲛϭⲓ\nⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ • ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ ϫⲓ ⲏⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲓⲛ\nⲡⲉϭⲃⲟⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ ϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ϣⲁ ⲡϩⲁⲏ\nⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲁϥⲡⲱϩ︦ⲧ︦ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩϩ • ⲙⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲥϯⲱϩⲉ • ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲭⲁⲗⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲇⲩⲛⲁⲧⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ ⲙ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ • ⲁⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ\nⲛⲁϥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲥⲉⲣⲁⲫⲓⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲭⲁⲗⲁ • ⲟⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲉϩ ϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩ • ⲙⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ\nⲛ ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϫ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ▨▨▨ⲙⲟⲩ▨▨▨▨▨ • ⲉ ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲱⲗⲩ▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲙ • ⲡⲧⲉ▨▨▨▨▨| ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡ︦ⲙ︦ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ ϣⲁ\nⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ • ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲁⲓⲣϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ •","english":"All the wild beasts that were within them became unable to appear outside at that moment. The archangel Michael let down his right hand. A multitude of souls that had not received baptism since the time of the archangel's compassion until the end of his compassion came up. He brought them up into the punishments. He scattered them upon the earth. He filled twelve measures. Again, the mighty Michael let down his right hand. He took a multitude of souls, more than the first time. He brought them up. He said, \"Afterwards, all the cherubim and seraphim and all the righteous who had come out prostrated themselves before him, dwelling near him. They entreated him to let down a third time. The compassionate one, Michael, brought up a multitude of souls, more than before. He saved them from the punishments that cannot be counted. At that moment, the angels and all the righteous who had come with Michael took hold of them. ... to Jerusalem ... Michael ... before the father of goodness. All the souls worshipped him. At that moment, the archangel Michael took them into the eternal rest. But I, John, marveled.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (soul) appears multiple times, referring to the souls of the unbaptized dead. In this context, it denotes the living person's soul that survives death, consistent with Coptic usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is consistently referred to as ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ, a fixed rank in Coptic liturgy. His role as intercessor for souls is central to this passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Michael weighing or measuring souls and interceding for the unbaptized is known from Coptic and Ethiopic apocryphal traditions, as seen in the dossier of Ethiopic anonymous texts (Faws Manfasawi).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage follows a tripartite structure: Michael descends three times, each time bringing up a multitude of souls. The third descent is prompted by the intercession of cherubim, seraphim, and the righteous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged in several places, indicated by ▨ characters. The phrase 'to Jerusalem' and 'before the father of goodness' are partially reconstructed; the exact reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This homily is attributed to Timothy, likely Timothy of Alexandria, and survives in Coptic manuscripts. Budge's edition (Misc. Timothy Discourse Michael) provides a translation and notes on the text's transmission.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁⲩⲣ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱ̄ⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'became unable to appear outside' or 'were prevented from coming out'. The reading taken follows the English draft.","The damaged section 'ⲙⲟⲩ...ⲉ ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲱⲗⲩ...' is uncertain; it likely refers to Jerusalem, but the exact context is lost."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲱ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦\nⲡⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϯϩⲧⲏⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉ • ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲙⲉⲛ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲁ︤ⲑ︦ⲱ︦ⲣ︥ •","english":"Blessed are you, for the mercy of God and the archangel Michael. I have given glory to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and I have received grace from God and the archangel Michael. The angel who walks with me said, \"O John, beloved of God, pay attention to the day, which is the day of the feast of the archangel Michael, the first, which is the twelfth of Hathor.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ is a blessing formula: 'Blessed are you for the mercy...' The English draft renders it as 'Blessed are you, for the mercy...' which is acceptable, though the Coptic more literally means 'Blessed (are you) over the mercy.'","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The term ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered as 'grace' per the pinned glossary, meaning unearned divine favour. Here the speaker receives grace from God and the archangel Michael, consistent with the theological emphasis on intercessory grace.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ ⲁ︤ⲑ︦ⲱ︦ⲣ︥","severity":"info","text":"The date 'the twelfth of Hathor' corresponds to 8 or 9 November in the Gregorian calendar, a major feast day for the archangel Michael in the Coptic Church. This aligns with the homily's liturgical setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990019134800203941"]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from third-person narrative (previous passage describing Michael's actions) to first-person speech by the angel addressing John. The angel's direct address marks a structural transition, introducing a hortatory or explanatory section.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily's attribution to Timothy, likely Timothy of Alexandria (d. 385), and its focus on Michael's feast reflect the late antique development of angelic cults in Egypt. The text survives in a single Coptic manuscript, indicating limited but significant liturgical use.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ could be read as a general blessing or a specific address; the English draft takes it as direct address. The phrase ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'the mercy' (with definite article implied) or simply 'mercy'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ → “grace”. The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲛⲩⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲣⲟ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲣ • ⲙ\nⲡϫⲁϫⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲡⲙⲉϩ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲥⲟⲩ\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ [ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ]ⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁⲥϯⲕⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱ • ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • [four lines wanting] |\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲃⲁϩⲏⲧ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲁⲁⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲧⲙ̄ ⲉϣϥⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲡ̄\nϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛ︤ⲙ︥ⲙⲁϥ • ϩⲓⲣ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲣ • ⲛ̄ ⲃⲉⲗⲓⲁⲣ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ\nϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲡ︤ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︥ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲛⲉⲧ\nⲟⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲧⲱϥ ⲣⲱ • ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ • ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁ\nⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲍⲉ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ •","english":"The Father appointed him over the kingdom of the heavens because of the victory which he had won over her, for he bound the enemy who rebels against his master. The second, which is Saturday and Sunday of the week, he gave as this great gift, which is without end forever. [four lines wanting] When they saw the wickedness which the Jews had done to him, so that the heaven of the heavens could not bear his grief. When he arose, however, from among the dead, Michael was the one who suffered with him at the door of the tomb until he reached the underworld. Michael also was the one who bound Beliar by the command of his master, and all the captivity over which the devil tyrannized them. He brought them to the Savior. Because of this, our Savior went up to the Father with the captivity. After the resurrection, the Father rejoiced over his beloved son. He embraced him, granted him the authority to judge the living and the dead. His authority is the authority of the Godhead from these ages unto eternity. Then the son of the Good One, Jesus Christ, invested Michael with great glory, which cannot be spoken of, more than the first time when he appointed him archon over the kingdom of the heavens.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ (the Father) here refers to God the Father, consistent with the homily's Trinitarian framework. The term is used repeatedly in this passage to denote the first person of the Trinity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (the devil) is the personified adversary, distinct from Beliar (ⲃⲉⲗⲓⲁⲣ) who is bound by Michael. The text distinguishes between the devil's tyrannical rule and Beliar as a specific demonic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (the resurrection) refers to Christ's resurrection, as indicated by the context of his arising from the dead and subsequent reunion with the Father. The general resurrection is not in view here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ ⲙⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'authority to judge the living and the dead' echoes the Nicene Creed's description of Christ as judge. This is a common motif in Coptic homilies, linking Christ's eschatological role to his resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲉⲗⲓⲁⲣ","severity":"info","text":"Beliar (ⲃⲉⲗⲓⲁⲣ) is a demonic figure in Jewish and Christian tradition, often associated with lawlessness. In Coptic literature, he appears as a subordinate of the devil, bound by Michael, reflecting angelological hierarchies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The passage has a lacuna of four lines, indicated by [four lines wanting]. The English draft bridges the gap with 'When they saw the wickedness...', but the Coptic before the lacuna is incomplete, affecting the continuity of the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ (the kingdom of the heavens) could be interpreted as the celestial realm or a specific angelic hierarchy; the text treats it as Michael's domain.","The identity of 'her' (ⲉⲣⲟⲥ) in the victory clause is ambiguous; it may refer to the kingdom or an unnamed adversary, but the English draft reads it as the kingdom."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","text":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ → “resurrection”. Greek ἀνάστασις; the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ → “heaven”. The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ carries more than one sense (sky); this passage takes it as “heaven”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩ▨▨ⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁⲥϯⲕⲟⲛⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨| ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲍⲉ • ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ\nⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲁⲇⲁⲙ • ⲡⲉϥⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲉⲩⲭⲟⲣⲉⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲉⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ϩⲓⲑⲏ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲱ ⲡⲑⲉⲟⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ • ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲓ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲱ︦ⲛ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟ ⲛϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲏⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲅⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲭⲁⲗⲁ • ⲟⲛ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉϥⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲛϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ • ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϣⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲡⲥⲟⲡ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉϣⲁϥⲙⲟⲩϩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲛ ϯ ⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲣⲓⲑⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛϣⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲃⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲯⲓⲥ • ⲛⲧⲃⲁ • ⲟⲩϭⲁⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛϣⲉ • ϣϥⲉ • ⲟ̄ • ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙⲉⲛ▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ [one line wanting]|\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲛⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ • ⲧⲉ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ •","english":"...of gifts, he gives a garment...over all the punishments. And each one of the angels clothes himself well in their places. But when the archangel Michael comes out from the outside of the Father's abode, all the ranks of the heavens gather to him, from Adam, his creation, dancing and singing before the archangel Michael, as you saw them, O theologian John, until he comes over all the punishments. At that hour, the path of all the punishments opens out to the great punishment, which is grievous, exceedingly terrible. All the souls that are in the punishments gather together into this one pit, once a year, according to the mercy of God the Father. And the commander-in-chief Michael comes over the punishments and lowers his right hand downward three times, and he brings up a multitude of souls, and he honors them on the earth. For each time he fills his hand with souls of this kind, their number amounts to a hundred and two hundred, three hundred and eight hundred, first... sins... and the poor, and those who kept the resurrection of our Lord, which is the Lord's Day.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it refers to Michael, the commander-in-chief.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword 'resurrection' (ἀνάστασις) is used here for the resurrection of Christ, as indicated by the context of 'our Lord' and 'the Lord's Day'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Sahidic word for 'god' appears with the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in 'God the Father', confirming the Christian monotheistic reference.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'commander-in-chief' (ἀρχιστράτηγος) for Michael is common in Coptic and Ethiopic traditions, emphasizing his role as leader of the angelic host and judge of souls.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative describing Michael's annual descent to the punishments, a motif that structures the homily's eschatological vision.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae and uncertain readings, especially in the list of numbers and the phrase 'first... sins', which may affect the interpretation of the souls' categories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲉϥⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ' could mean 'his creation' (Adam) or 'his creature' (Michael's creation); the translation takes it as Adam, but the syntax is ambiguous.","The numbers 'a hundred and two hundred, three hundred and eight hundred' are unclear; they may represent a formulaic enumeration or a textual corruption."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲩⲕⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲟⲧ • ⲙⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲱⲣ︦ϣ︦ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ • ⲧⲉⲩⲇⲉⲣⲟⲛ • ϣⲁϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲣ̄\nⲡⲛⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϭⲣⲱϩ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲥ̄ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ϩⲉⲑⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲣ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛⲑⲉ\nⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉϥⲉϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲣⲁⲛ (sic)\nϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲡⲙⲉϩ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ• ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","english":"...up to a single piece of bread and a cup of wine on the holy day of the Lord's day, the offering, he brings them up in the name of the archangel Michael, up to those who have shown mercy and to the poor, with a single piece of bread he gives to one of those who are in need in the name of God and the archangel Michael. And our Lord Jesus Christ calls that punishment there, so that they might obtain a rest, whether Christian, or pagan, or Jew, who have partaken of the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. God will not abandon them, and immediately all the righteous and the powers in the heavens entreat the archangel Michael, as you have seen them now, so that he might intercede for any soul that has made remembrance of their name upon the earth. And after these things, a second time he does likewise in this manner, up to...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ with the definite article names God in Christian Coptic texts, as here in the phrase 'in the name of God and the archangel Michael'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ here refers to the soul that survives death, as Michael is asked to intercede for 'any soul' that has made remembrance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ in this passage denotes the body of Christ in the Eucharist, paired with ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ (blood), a standard liturgical usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The offering of bread and wine on the Lord's day (ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ) in Michael's name reflects a Coptic practice of dedicating Eucharistic oblations to the archangel.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a ritual instruction (offering bread and wine) to a soteriological claim: all who partake of Christ's body and blood, regardless of creed, will not be abandoned by God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged at the end (▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨), and the phrase ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲣⲁⲛ (sic) may contain a scribal error; the intended sense is 'who have made remembrance of their name'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲩⲕⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲟⲧ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ could be read as a single piece of bread and a cup of wine (Eucharistic) or as a general charitable offering; the context of the Lord's day and the term ⲧⲉⲩⲇⲉⲣⲟⲛ (offering) supports a liturgical interpretation.","The identity of 'those who have shown mercy' (ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲛⲁ) is ambiguous: it may refer to benefactors or to the merciful dead."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"▨▨• ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲥⲟⲡ︦ⲥ︦ⲡ︦ |\nⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛϯϩⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛ︦ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ⲙⲉϥⲗⲟ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ • ϣⲁ ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲁ\nⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ • ⲟⲛ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲡⲁϩⲧϥ̄ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲁⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉⲙ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ϫⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲟ︦ⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ • ⲛ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙ\nⲡⲕⲁϩ • ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲟⲩ\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲛ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ\nⲧⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲑⲃ̄ⲥⲱ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲩⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ • ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ▨▨▨▨ⲩⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ | ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ϩⲓⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲑⲃⲥⲱ • ⲉⲧ • ⲧⲱ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϣⲁⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲏⲣ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲛⲧⲁ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ •","english":"...he brings the likeness of the holy ones, and the mercy of God, and he does it in this way, the archangel Michael, from the resurrection of our Lord until today, and also he does not cease to do it according to the twelfth of the month until the end of this age, and after these things he takes them into the sanctuary, each one according to his worth. Again, also he goes into the sanctuary on the same day, Michael, he prostrates himself before the father, he worships him, not rising until the father receives his supplication from his hand. He administers the provision of men and beasts and the water of the river. For the angels who are over the authorities of the earth gather together all of them according to the twelfth of the month outside the sanctuary of the father until the archangel Michael comes out from the inner side of the sanctuary. Immediately they see his face, the angels of the same kind as the garment which the father placed upon him, the goodness, they know immediately, the angels who are over the works of the earth...the things that will happen on the earth through the same kind of garment which is upon Michael, the angels rejoice with great joy because of all the humanity which God the father...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it identifies Michael as the chief angelic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword 'resurrection' (ἀνάστασις) refers to Christ's resurrection, as indicated by the phrase 'from the resurrection of our Lord'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'angel' (ἄγγελος) appears multiple times, referring to celestial beings, not human messengers, consistent with the context of Michael and the sanctuary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The word 'God' (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) with the definite article names the Christian God, as in 'God the father'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'sanctuary' (καταπέτασμα) refers to the inner sanctuary or veil of the temple, a key liturgical space in Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨▨ⲩⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged here; the word is partially illegible. The English draft supplies 'the things that will happen', but the original may have read 'οἰκονομία' or similar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ' could mean 'authorities' or 'powers', but the context suggests earthly authorities.","The damaged section '▨▨▨▨ⲩⲥⲓⲥ' is uncertain; the reading 'οἰκονομία' is conjectural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲩ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩϭⲓⲛⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ • ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲱ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲱ\nⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲓ ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ϯ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ • ⲛ ϯ ⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲥϩⲁⲓⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ","english":"...he brings the likeness of the holy ones, and the mercy of God, and he does it in this way, the archangel Michael, from the resurrection of our Lord until today, and also he does not cease to do it according to the twe\n\nHe intercedes for them through the petitions of the merciful Michael. He administered their resurrection. He caused the ascension to take place for men and beasts. Now then, O John, blessed are those who will remember the poor in the name of the archangel Michael. I say to you, O John, that if a man takes care of this book of this commandment of this kind, and writes it, and gives it into the church in the name of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it identifies Michael as the intercessor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ (from Greek οἰκονομέω) means 'administer' or 'manage', here applied to Michael's role in resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ (from Greek ἀνάβασις) means 'ascension' or 'going up'. In this context it likely refers to the soul's ascent after death, a theme in Coptic eschatology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a narrative of Michael's actions to a direct address to John, introducing a blessing formula and a conditional promise for those who copy the book.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ (from Greek παραγγελία) means 'commandment' or 'instruction'. The text promises spiritual reward for copying and donating the book to a church, reflecting a common scribal colophon motif.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'men and beasts' (ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ) is unusual for ascension; it may be a corruption or a reference to a lost tradition about Michael's role in judgment of all creatures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ (beasts) alongside ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ (men) in the context of ascension is ambiguous; it may reflect a textual corruption or a unique eschatological claim.","The phrase ⲡⲉⲓ ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ (this book) could refer to the present discourse or to a separate book of commandments; the referent is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲏ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϯ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲉ\nⲡⲏⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲏ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϫⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓⲁ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲏ ⲟⲩⲥϯ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲛϥⲧⲁⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ϩⲁⲡⲁⲝ ϩⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛ ⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦\nⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ ⲏ ⲟⲩⲁⲙⲉⲗⲏⲥ\nⲡⲉ ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ • ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ • ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ϣⲁϥ▨▨▨▨▨ⲉⲛ • ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ | ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ • ⲉϥϩⲏⲙ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϭⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ︤ϥ︦ⲣ︥ ⲟⲩⲛⲁ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲥⲉϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉⲙⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ϭⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲡⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲣϣⲁⲛ\nⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲛ ϯⲇⲓⲁⲑⲩⲕⲏ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲥϩⲁⲓⲥ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲏ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲥϩⲁⲓⲥ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲕⲁⲁⲥ • ϩⲁ\nⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲛⲛⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲗⲟⲓ̈ⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nϩⲓ ⲃⲱⲱⲛ • ⲉϣⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲏⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲓϫ︤ⲛ︥ ⲛⲉϥⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛϣⲏⲛ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ\nϫⲃⲓⲛ • ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲡⲓⲛ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲡⲏⲣϣ̄ •","english":"...the archangel Michael, or he makes an offering to the house of God, or he lights a lamp of oil in the church in the name of the archangel Michael, or he burns incense and sends it up for the sake of his name, simply, even a single loaf of bread, he gives it for his remembrance. If it is a greater sin than anyone else, or if it is negligence now, when he goes out from the body, he will be in the punishments, and he will not see the torments in the punishment that he is in, because of the mercy that he does in the name of the archangel Michael. But he is in the punishments like one who is in a house that is hidden, until God finds his inquiry and does mercy with him, and they bring him up from the punishments, and they take him to the place of rest through the intercessions of Michael. Now then, O beloved John of God, if a man takes care of this covenant that is under glory, and writes it and brings it into the church in the name of the archangel Michael, or writes it and places it under his hand so that no illness, plague, or evil beast may enter into the house that is within it forever, nor upon his cattle, nor in his field, nor in his trees, nor shall any locusts afflict them through any wild animal, nor the weevil, nor the rust.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the physical body from which the soul departs at death, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts as the corpse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is a fixed title in Coptic liturgy, here applied to Michael, whose intercessory role is central to the passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage describes votive acts (offering, lighting a lamp, burning incense) performed in Michael's name, reflecting late antique Coptic piety where such practices secured his intercession for the soul's deliverance from punishment.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae: ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ and ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϣⲁϥ▨▨▨▨▨ⲉⲛ. The reconstruction of the verb and the full phrase for 'punishments' is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The promise that writing and depositing a covenant in Michael's name protects house, cattle, fields, and trees from harm echoes similar protective formulas in Coptic and Ethiopic amuletic traditions, as seen in the dossier of Faws-Manfasawi.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a series of conditional acts (ⲉϣϫⲉ, 'if') to a direct address to John (ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ), marking a rhetorical turn typical of homiletic narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ is ambiguous: it could mean 'when he goes out from the body' (death) or 'when he comes out of the body' (in a visionary sense). The context of punishments and intercession favors the death reading.","The lacuna after ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ leaves unclear whether the text originally specified a type of punishment or a verb for 'he will not see'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ϭⲣⲱϩ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉϥⲧⲟ ⲉⲛⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ • ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲩ • ⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲓ ⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲙ▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ • Ⲱ︦Ⲝ︦. Ⲱ︦Ⲛ︦Ⲉ︦ • ⲀⲒ︦Ⲅ︦ ⲨⲎ︦Ⲅ︦ ⲬⲎⲐ • ⲢⲎ︦Ⲇ︦ ⲬⲚ︦ (or ⲬⲘ)","english":"...upon his field, nor will blight occur in his house, nor upon his children, nor upon his children's children, down to the fourth generation, because the name of Michael will be upon them like a strong weapon. If a man writes these glorious letters upon his house, which are these: Ω, Ν, Η, Α, Ι, Γ, Υ, Η, Γ, Χ, Η, Θ, Ρ, Η, Δ, Χ, Μ (or Χ, Ν)...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϥⲧⲟ ⲉⲛⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'down to the fourth generation' (ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲟ ⲉⲛⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ) indicates a protective scope spanning three generations of descendants, a common formula in Coptic apotropaic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ (hoplon) means 'weapon' or 'tool'; here it is used metaphorically for the protective power of Michael's name, likened to a strong weapon (ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲩ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲓ ⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'glorious letters' (ⲛⲉⲓ ⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ϩⲁⲉⲟⲟⲩ) are a series of Greek characters (Ω, Ν, Η, Α, Ι, Γ, Υ, Η, Γ, Χ, Η, Θ, Ρ, Η, Δ, Χ, Μ) used as a protective inscription, likely a cryptogram or abbreviation of a divine name or prayer.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲬⲚ︦ (or ⲬⲘ)","severity":"caution","text":"The final two letters are uncertain: the Coptic reads ⲬⲚ︦ (or ⲬⲘ), and the English draft gives 'Χ, Μ (or Χ, Ν)'. This ambiguity may affect the reconstruction of the cryptogram.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative section of the homily, transitioning from a list of protective promises to the specific instruction to inscribe the letters, marked by the conditional 'If a man writes' (ⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲥϩⲁⲓ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The final two letters of the cryptogram are uncertain: the Coptic manuscript shows ⲬⲚ︦ or ⲬⲘ, and the English draft gives 'Χ, Μ (or Χ, Ν)'. The exact sequence is unclear.","The phrase 'ⲉϥⲧⲟ ⲉⲛⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ' is interpreted as 'down to the fourth generation', but the Coptic could also be read as 'to the fourth generation' inclusive of the original person, though the context suggests protection of descendants."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲀⲞ︦Ⲏ︦ • ⲫⲔ︦Ⲅ︦ • ⲂⲨⲖⲐ̄ • ⲀⲤⲖ︦Ⲉ︦ • ⲮⲔ︦Ⲇ︦ ⲀⲌ︦ • ⲬⲘ︦Ⲁ • Ⲣ︦Ⲓ︦Ⲅ︦ • ⲀⲮⲔ︦Ⲇ︦ • ⲂⲀ ⲮⲔ︦Ⲃ︦ • ⲨⲠ︦Ⲇ︦ • ⲀⲮϤ̄Ⲍ • ⲨⲀ︦Ⲃ︦ • Ⲩ︦Ⲏ︦ • ⲀⲮⲖⲀ ⲬⲒⲂ • Ⲣ︦︦Ⲗ︦Ⲉ︦ • ⲀⲰⲞ ⁘ⲙⲛ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲛϯⲕⲟⲓⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲏⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲉⲡⲓⲃⲟⲩⲗⲏ • ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲥ• ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲩⲉϣϭ︦ⲙ︦ϭⲟⲙ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ϯⲇⲩⲁⲑⲩⲕⲏ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ\nⲫⲩⲗⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲕⲁⲁⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲉ\nⲟⲩⲛ ⲥⲱⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲧⲉ ⲧϭⲟⲙ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ\nⲣⲁⲛ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁϥⲉⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ\nⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲁⲓⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲙ ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲓⲣ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩϭⲟⲗⲡⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ• ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ• ⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲓⲧ ⲁⲓϭⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄\nⲑⲓⲉⲗ︦ⲏ︦ⲙ︦• ϩⲙ︦ ⲡⲏⲓ• ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲟⲭⲟⲥ (sic) ⲡⲙⲁⲑⲩⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϯⲙⲟⲑⲉⲟⲥ ⲁⲓⲕⲧⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ • ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ\nϩⲟⲥⲟⲛ • ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ • ⲛⲟ[ϭ▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϫⲛ̄ |\nϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲉ\nⲛⲁⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄\nⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲣ̄ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϭⲣⲱϩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧϭⲟⲙ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ •","english":"...nor will any of the pantikoinenos go upon that house, nor will the counsel of evil men have power against him. But let everyone who will write for himself the phylaktērion keep it, lest they leave it in a place where there is corruption within it, for the power of these names is great and wondrous. Now when the angel of the Lord sent these things, he brought them down upon the earth. I, John, stood upon the Mount of Olives, and he went up into the heavens. And I marveled greatly at the things that were revealed to me. I glorified God and his great archangel Michael. I found them in Jerusalem, in the house of the mother of the prochoros, the disciple of John the Evangelist. I, our father Timothy, turned them to my city of Rakote with great joy. Now therefore, O my beloved, as long as we have heard these great things from the mouth of the angel, as the evangelist testified to us, now therefore do not be negligent in showing mercy to the poor and those in need, each according to his ability, in the name of the archangel Michael, through intercession.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛϯⲕⲟⲓⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword παντικοιμένος (pantikoimenos) is obscure; it may be a corruption of παντοκοιμήτωρ (pantokoimētōr, 'all-sleeper') or a title for a demonic or harmful entity. The sense here is 'any of the pantikoimenos' as an agent of harm.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲩⲗⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Greek φυλακτήριον (phylaktērion) means 'amulet' or 'protective charm'. In Coptic Christian usage it refers to a written charm, often bearing angelic names or divine letters, worn or placed for protection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Mount of Olives (ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ) is a biblical site associated with Jesus' ascension (Acts 1:9–12) and with John's visionary experiences in apocryphal traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the Coptic name for Alexandria, Egypt. The text claims Timothy brought the revelation to Alexandria, linking the work to the Alexandrian patriarchate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲭⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Prochoros (ⲡⲣⲟⲭⲟⲥ) is named as a disciple of John the Evangelist; in tradition he is one of the Seven Deacons (Acts 6:5) and a companion of John. The text claims the revelation was found in his mother's house in Jerusalem.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟ[ϭ▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϫⲛ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged here (ⲛⲟ[ϭ▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϫⲛ̄). The lacuna likely contained ⲛⲟϭ (great) but the full phrase is uncertain; the English draft reads 'great things' but the Coptic may have had a different noun.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'pantikoimenos' is uncertain; it may be a corruption or a rare term.","The damaged passage after ⲛⲟ[ϭ▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ is unclear; the English draft supplies 'things' but the Coptic may have had a different word."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Address to the congregation: the homily turns from exposition to direct speech (a vocative, an imperative). The English keeps the second person rather than smoothing it into description."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ⲙ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲧⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲱ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛ︤ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︥ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ⲛⲉⲓⲣϥ︤ⲣ︥ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲁⲓⲡⲟⲣⲟⲥ • ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲥ︦ⲟ︦ⲡ︦ⲥ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϯⲱⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲱⲟⲩ • ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉⲩⲕⲣⲁⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲏⲣ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦","english":"...Michael, we have this great boldness before our Lord. We are these wretched sinners. We seek the intercession of Michael in the water of this river, and in the desert, and in the evil death. We seek the intercession of Michael in the mixture of the air and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword παρρησία (parrhēsia) denotes 'boldness' or 'freedom of speech,' especially in prayer or before God. In Coptic homiletics it often implies confident access to the divine, as here attributed to Michael.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic noun ⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ (sopsp) means 'intercession' or 'entreaty,' a key concept in angelological piety. The phrase 'seek the intercession of Michael' reflects a liturgical or devotional formula common in Coptic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The triad of 'water of this river, desert, and evil death' evokes typical settings for angelic protection in Coptic apocrypha. The 'mixture of the air' (ⲧⲉⲩⲕⲣⲁⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲏⲣ) refers to the atmosphere, a domain where demons were thought to roam.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The invocation of Michael in water, desert, and air parallels the Ethiopic 'Discourse of Michael' (dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi), where Michael is besought for protection in similar elemental contexts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the preceding narrative of John's vision to a direct prayer or liturgical address, marked by the first-person plural 'we' and the repeated petition 'we seek the intercession of Michael.'","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ (tnčine) is ambiguous: it could be present tense 'we seek' or a circumstantial 'seeking'; the draft takes it as indicative. The phrase ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲱⲟⲩ (p mou nhōou) is read as 'evil death' but could also mean 'violent death' or 'death of the day.'"],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ⲧⲁⲩⲝⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛ ⲛⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕ︦ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲉⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲗ︦ϭ︦ • ⲙ\nⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕ︦ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ • ⲛⲛⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲣ︦ⲁ︦ⲛ︦\nⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲕⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲕⲟⲟϩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲏⲓ • ϩⲓ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟⲓⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲕ • ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲏⲡ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ︤ϩ︥ • ⲉⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲕⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲛϥ̄ϯ▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ ⲉⲕⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲓⲛⲁⲝ • ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲁϯ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲗⲟϭ • ⲉ\nⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲓ ⲛⲅ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲧ • ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲕⲥⲱ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲩⲫⲣⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥ ϯϩⲉ • ϩⲓ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲛⲁ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩϯϩⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉ ⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲉⲛⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ⲉⲛⲉϣⲗⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲉⲧ ⲣⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙⲁⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫ︦ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲃϣ̄ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ⲉϥⲧⲁϩⲉ •","english":"...of the fruits of the earth, we seek the intercession of Michael in the food that is pleasant, of the icon, we seek the intercession of Michael in the wine that is sweet, and the rest of the foods that are sweet, of the icon, and the rest of all those that are sweet, for the agape of God. If you wish that the name of Michael protect you in any temptation, you shall write the name of Michael upon the four corners of your house, within and without, and also upon the lintel of your door, so that he may guard you from any evil that may arise to fulfill the hidden and the revealed. You shall write the name of Michael upon the table from which you eat, upon the bread... you shall also write upon the plate from which you eat, so that he may give a blessing to your mouth, and you shall also write upon the cup from which you drink, so that he may become for you a joy and gladness, without measure, and without sorrow. It is not the time for wine that we sing psalms, that we chant hymns, according to the word of Paul: \"Let him who is sober sing psalms.\" Who is the man of strength in his power and his wisdom? Is it not this one of whom the psalmist said: \"The Lord has arisen like a sleeper, like a strong man who is weary\"?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the 'fruit' is a virtue or a work, not literal produce.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἀγάπη; here likely the liturgical meal (agape), not abstract love, given the context of food and wine.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Let him who is sober sing psalms' echoes 1 Corinthians 14:15 or Ephesians 5:19, though not a direct quotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣϥⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The psalmist's line 'The Lord has arisen like a sleeper, like a strong man who is weary' is a loose citation of Psalm 78:65 (LXX 77:65).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The instruction to write Michael's name on house corners and door lintels reflects apotropaic practice common in Coptic Christianity, akin to mezuzah traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲝ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲝ (plate) is clear, but the preceding lacunae obscure the full ritual sequence; the translation 'blessing' for ϩⲗⲟϭ is interpretive.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' (God) is definite, but the context of the agape meal could imply a generic divine reference; the reading 'God' is taken.","The lacunae after ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ obscure the full description of the bread ritual; the translation assumes a continuation of the writing instruction."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ → “fruit”. Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ → “love”. Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ carries more than one sense (charity, agape (the meal)); this passage takes it as “love”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲙ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲱϩⲉ ⲁϥϯϩⲉ ϩⲁ\nⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱϭⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϯϩⲉ\nϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲥⲉ ⲏⲣ︤ⲡ︥ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ϯϩⲉ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲧⲁⲩⲟ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ ϣⲗⲟϥ • ϩⲓ ⲉⲃⲃⲏⲗ • ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲁ • ⲏ • ⲟⲩⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲧϣⲓⲡⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲁⲣⲃⲁⲗ • ⲉϥϩⲓⲕⲗⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲥⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲡⲗⲁϯⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡϯϩⲉ • ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙⲉϩ • ⲛ ϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙ","english":"...of the wine. A righteous man was Noah; he planted the vine. According to the manner that the Scripture said, that he planted a vineyard, he ate its fruit, he planted. When a man drinks wine, he plants, he produces words of blasphemy and profanity, and moreover he commits fornication, or shamelessness and insolence, while he is drunk, in this street and in the marketplace and in the squares of the city. This is the planting indeed, which is full of shame, which our holy fathers know...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, not literal produce. The note should clarify that the 'fruit' of the vineyard is the moral outcome of the act.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲱϩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Noah as a righteous man who planted a vineyard echoes Genesis 9:20 (LXX), where Noah is the first to plant a vine. The homily uses this to introduce a moral allegory about wine.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'agora' (Greek ἀγορά) refers to the marketplace, a public space in Hellenistic cities. The homily lists locations of shameful behavior, typical of urban moral critique in Coptic homiletics.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡϯϩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'this is the planting indeed' (ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡϯϩⲉ) marks a rhetorical conclusion, summarizing the allegory of Noah's vine as a metaphor for drunkenness and its vices.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϯϩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'ⲁϥϯϩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦' is ambiguous: it could mean 'he planted the vine' or 'he gave a planting of the wine.' The English draft reads 'he planted the vine,' but the text may be corrupt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁϥϯϩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦' is ambiguous: 'he planted the vine' or 'he gave a planting of the wine.' The reading 'he planted the vine' is adopted for coherence with the Noah narrative.","The clause 'ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ' may be a scribal insertion or a misplacement, as it interrupts the planting sequence."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ⲡⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙⲡⲁⲧ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲙⲡⲱⲣ • ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ\nⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲅⲁⲣ▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲧⲟⲟⲙⲉ[one line wanting] | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲛϣ[ⲗⲏⲗ] ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϩⲟ ⲡⲁϩ︦ⲧ︦ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲉⲛϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲁϩⲧⲕ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ ⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲱⲃϩ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲥ︦ⲡ︦ⲥ︦ⲡ︦ ⲡⲇⲉⲥⲛⲟⲧⲏⲥ • ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉϥⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲛⲣⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩⲉ\nⲛⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏⲕⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉⲛⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲧ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲧⲣϥ̄ϩⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲭⲓⲙⲱⲛ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ ϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲧⲉⲃϩ̄ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲙ\nⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲛⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩ • ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ⲡⲉⲧ ϯϩⲣⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲕϣⲁ︤ⲛ︥ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϭⲓϫ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲭⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ (sic) ⲛ ⲧϭⲟⲙ • ⲙ ⲡϫ︦ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉϥⲉ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲩⲝⲁⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̇ ⲑⲩⲗⲓⲕⲓⲁ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲃ︦ϩ︦ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲛⲛⲁϩⲣ︦ⲛ︦ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲣϥ̄ⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ •","english":"...of the wine. A righteous man was Noah; he planted the vine. According to the manner that the Scripture said, that he planted a vineyard, he ate its fruit, he planted. When a man drinks wine, he plants, he produces wor\n\nThe rest. Of the wine. It is not possible for us to reach concerning it. O my beloved children of the holy church, this matter indeed... wine. The depth. Let us guard our feet at all times. Let us pray, our faces bowed to the ground, let us entreat, saying, \"O Archangel Michael, bow down to the good father, that he may release for us our sins and our transgressions.\" We beseech you, Michael, intercede with the Lord concerning us, so that he may bless our days and our peaceful years. Our protector Michael entreats the one whose mercy abides in his will, God Almighty, so that the storm that is upon us may be calmed. The compassionate Archangel Michael, beseech the Lord concerning us, that he may bring down the water of the river, so that he may open for us his right hand, which is full of all good things. The merciful God, who gives grace to all flesh, according to what is written, \"If you open your hand, they will receive your grace.\" The Archangel Michael, the commander-in-chief of the power of the Lord, entreats the merciful God, so that he may guard and increase the young children until they come to maturity. We beseech you, the compassionate Archangel Michael, intercede concerning us before the father, that he may release, so that...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'archangel Michael' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage; here Michael is invoked as intercessor and protector, a role consistent with his depiction in the homily.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϭⲓϫ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'If you open your hand, they will receive your grace' echoes Psalm 104:28 (LXX 103:28) or a similar verse about God's open hand providing for all creatures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'commander-in-chief' (ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ) is a Greek military title applied to Michael in Coptic tradition, emphasizing his role as leader of the heavenly host.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲅⲁⲣ▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged here; the lacuna after ⲅⲁⲣ obscures the exact sense, and the English draft's 'this matter indeed... wine' is a conjectural restoration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦","severity":"info","text":"The passage begins with 'The rest. Of the wine,' marking a transition from the previous narrative about Noah and wine to a new section of exhortation and prayer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲃϩ̄ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated invocation 'We beseech you, Archangel Michael' reflects the liturgical use of this homily, where Michael is entreated as a patron intercessor for the congregation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲅⲁⲣ makes the exact referent of 'this matter' uncertain; the English draft supplies 'wine' from context.","The phrase 'the water of the river' may refer to the Nile or a symbolic river of blessing; the text does not specify."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ⲉϥⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙ ⲡ(sic)ⲡⲁⲛϯⲕ[ⲉⲓⲙⲉ]ⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛϥ̄ϯⲑⲉ | ▨▨▨ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ • ⲛⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ • ⲙⲡⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ϫⲱ[ⲕ]\n[ⲉ ⲃⲟ]ⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲁϩⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲣⲁ • ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲱ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲥⲩⲛϩⲉⲇⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲭⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲁϩⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϫⲓⲛ̄ϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓⲁ • ϩⲓ ϫⲱϩ︦ⲙ︦\nϩⲓ ⲕⲱϩ • ϩⲓ ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ • ϩⲓ ϯⲧⲱⲛ • ϩⲓ ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ • ϩⲓ ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ\nϩⲓ ϩⲱⲧ︤ⲃ︥ • ϩⲓ ⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲁ • ϩⲓ ⲥⲱⲱϥ ϩⲓ ⲁⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲓ","english":"...he will guard the name from every temptation of the pantik[eimen]os, and he will not give the opportunity for repentance for salvation, without completing the time in patience. I exhort you, O beloved brothers and the synhedrion of the faithful Christians, so that you may all abstain from every violence, slander, defilement, envy, hatred, pride, theft, hatred, murder, fornication, corruption, impurity, and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛϯⲕⲉⲓⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword παντικείμενος (pantikeimenos) means 'the adversary' and is a standard epithet for Satan in Coptic homiletic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲩⲛϩⲉⲇⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword συνεδρίον (synhedrion) here refers to the assembly or council of the faithful, not the Jewish Sanhedrin; it is used metaphorically for the Christian community.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a conditional warning (he will guard... he will not give) to a direct exhortation (I exhort you... so that you may abstain), marking a transition from general instruction to specific moral appeal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna before ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ (repentance); the English draft supplies 'the opportunity for' but the original may have read differently, e.g., 'the time of repentance'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of vices (violence, slander, etc.) echoes standard Coptic monastic catalogues of sin, reflecting the homily's likely audience of monks or ascetic Christians.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉϥⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ (he will guard the name) is ambiguous: 'name' may refer to God's name (i.e., not blaspheming) or to the individual's reputation; the English draft takes the latter.","The lacuna before ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ leaves unclear whether the subject is God or the individual; the English draft supplies 'the opportunity for' as a plausible restoration."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ⲕⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϯⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲃ︦ⲟ︦ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲏⲇⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲅⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲧϭⲟⲙ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • Ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲓⲧⲟ • ϭⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲛ • ⲱ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ\nϣⲁ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ︤ⲛ︥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙ︤ⲛ︥ⲧⲉⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ (sic) • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲛ︦ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ︦ⲃ︦ⲧⲱⲧⲥ̄ • ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄\nϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲕⲁⲧⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ϩⲓⲧ︤ⲛ︥ ⲧⲉⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲥ̄ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ\nⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲡⲉⲓ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ [ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ •]\n✠ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϥⲁⲓ ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ [ⲙ̄ • [ⲙ̄\nⲡⲑⲉ]ⲟⲥⲉⲃⲉⲥⲧ︦⳽︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟ[ⲛⲟ]ⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ⲁϥϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲱ[ⲱ]ⲙⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙⲙⲓⲛ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲥⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲇⲱⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲃⲱ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭ[ⲏⲥ] • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ • ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ •","english":"...deceit. You will find, you will raise your hands and your souls, we will give our voice with boldness and purity and a good conscience, to the commander-in-chief of the power of the heavens, Michael. Let it be so for us as well, O brothers, just as we have gathered together into this holy place on this great day. Today he will gather them into his kingdom, and we are all worthy at once, that we may hear the voice of that blessed one there: \"Come, you blessed ones of my father, that you may inherit the kingdom that has been prepared for you from the foundation of the world, through the grace and philanthropy of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whose hand there is honor and glory befitting him and his good father and the Holy Spirit, the life-giving and consubstantial one, now and forever.\"\n\n✠ Through the zeal and diligence of the most pious deacon, whose name God knows, he took care of this book chapter through his own labors, he prepared it and donated it to the monastery of Apa Haron in the mountain of Tbo, so that God, the righteous and blessed Apa Haron, and the patriarch and apostolic Athanasius...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Greek παρρησία, 'boldness' or 'freedom of speech', a key virtue in ascetic and liturgical contexts, denoting confident access to God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"Direct quotation of Matthew 25:34, the invitation to the blessed at the final judgment, adapted to the homiletic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲅⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲧϭⲟⲙ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Michael is titled 'commander-in-chief of the power of the heavens', a standard epithet in Coptic angelology, reflecting his role as archistrategos.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The colophon names an anonymous deacon who copied and donated this book chapter to the monastery of Apa Haron on Mount Tbo, a known monastic site.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990019134800203941"]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The colophon invokes Athanasius, patriarch and apostolic, linking the text to the authority of the Alexandrian see and its anti-Arian legacy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ is likely a scribal error for ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲣⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ('we are worthy'), as the context requires a first-person plural verb.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ is ambiguous due to apparent scribal error; the intended reading is probably ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲣⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ('we are worthy').","The identity of the deacon whose name God knows is deliberately withheld, a common humility topos in colophons."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲁ","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ → “Apa”. A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟ[ⲡⲟⲥ] • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛⲁⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ ⲙⲁⲓ\nⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕ︦ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭ[ⲏⲥ] • ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲛϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲏ (sic) • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟϥ • ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧⲥ̄ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙ\nⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲃⲟⲩⲗⲏ • ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲟⲣϥ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲑⲉⲡⲓⲟⲑⲉⲥⲓⲥ • ⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲩⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲛⲥⲉⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ\nⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩ • ⲛ ⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲓ ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲥ̄ • ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲕⲁⲧⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ • ⲍⲁⲙⲏⲛ •(sic)\nⲉⲥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ • ϥ︦ⲑ︦ • Ⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ▨▨▨ⲉⲡⲏⲫ • ⲥⲟⲩ(?) ⲕ▨▨ • ⲁⲡⲟ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏ • ⲯ︦ⲏ︦\nⲁⲡⲟ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲗⲁⲭ • ⲡⲁⲓⲥ ⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲩ • ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ • ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟ • ⲉⲩⲝⲁⲥⲑⲉ ⲩⲡⲉⲣ ⲉⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ\nⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲃϩ̄ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲱ\nⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϣⲏⲙ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲟϣ\nⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲑⲏ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ\nⲍⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧ[ⲱⲣ] • ⲡⲉⲓ ⲉⲗⲁⲭ[ⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ] • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ •","english":"...the archbishop and the archangel Michael. They will bless our God-loving and love-filled people with every perfect blessing, to the spiritual benefit, just as he blessed our fathers the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. These, from whom all the nations took their example, he will save and deliver from all the snares of the devil and the evil counsel of wicked men. He will bind him in his patience, and after the theosis, there is this until the holy ones. These, whose memory he brought forth as a gift from their king Christ, they will make him worthy to hear the voice full of every joy and gladness: \"Come, blessed ones of my father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.\" Amen, amen.\n\nSo be it. Amen. Written in the month of Epiphi, day 20, from Diocletian year 608. From the least of the deacons, this humble one, the son of the blessed Joseph the archdeacon. Pray for me, a sinner. Remember me in love, my fathers and brothers. Here is my repentance. Pray to the Lord for me, that he may grant a small portion for me from my sins, for they are many, and that he may guide me straight to the path of his holy and blessed will. I, Socrates the least, the son...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is a fixed rank in Coptic liturgical usage, here applied to Michael, who is paired with the archbishop in blessing the congregation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The invitation 'Come, blessed ones of my father, inherit the kingdom' echoes Matthew 25:34, a key eschatological pronouncement in the Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲑⲉⲡⲓⲟⲑⲉⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲑⲉⲡⲓⲟⲑⲉⲥⲓⲥ (theosis) reflects the Eastern Christian concept of deification, a rare but significant theological term in Coptic homilies, indicating the ultimate goal of salvation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩ(?) ⲕ▨▨ • ⲁⲡⲟ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏ • ⲯ︦ⲏ︦","severity":"info","text":"The colophon dates the manuscript to the 20th day of Epiphi, Diocletian year 608 (equivalent to 892 CE), providing a terminus ante quem for the copy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲍⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧ[ⲱⲣ]","severity":"info","text":"The scribe identifies himself as Socrates, a humble deacon and son of the archdeacon Joseph, and requests prayers for his repentance, reflecting the monastic practice of scribal humility.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'whose memory he brought forth as a gift' is syntactically ambiguous: the subject of ⲁϥⲣ̄ could be God or Christ, and the antecedent of ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ is unclear, possibly the holy ones or the patriarchs.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ' is ambiguous: the subject of ⲁϥⲣ̄ may be God or Christ, and the antecedent of ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ could be the holy ones or the patriarchs. The reading taken follows the English draft, which interprets it as Christ bringing forth the memory of the holy ones.","The colophon date 'ⲁⲡⲟ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏ • ⲯ︦ⲏ︦' is partially damaged; the year 608 is assumed from the Greek numeral ⲯ︦ⲏ︦ (608), but the month and day are clear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ → “nation”. Greek ἔθνος. In the plural, the Gentiles as a category over against Israel; in the singular, a nation like any other."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (Gentile, people); this passage takes it as “nation”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"ⲙ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • ⲓⲱ̄ⲥⲏⲫ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲛⲏ • ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ϯ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲕⲱ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲱⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁϣⲟϥⲕⲥ̄ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲓ • ⲁⲛ • ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲉⲓϫⲓ ⲥⲃⲱ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϩ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲁ (sic) ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲕⲱ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ⁘ ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉⲓ ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ϯ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲧⲁⲓ • ⲯⲏ • ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲅⲓⲛⲟⲩ • ⲧ︤︦ⲱ︦ⲃ︦ (fⲟⲅ ⲧⲟ︦ⲃ︦?) • ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ •","english":"...the blessed Joseph, the archdeacon of the city of Sne, the city of rest. Forgive him, and forgive me as well, all of you, for all my faults, because I am not thinking rightly, but I am learning at the feet of the teachers. Behold my repentance. Do me the kindness, forgive me. I have written this book in this year, this one, the seal of the sixty-first (?) and a great miracle occurred.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ here carries the technical sense of a liturgical meal (agape), not generic love. The request 'do me the kindness' (ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ) is a formula for a charitable act, often linked to the eucharistic or fellowship meal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲥⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Sne (ⲥⲛⲏ) is the Coptic name for Pelusium, a city in the northeastern Nile Delta. Its epithet 'city of rest' (ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ) may reflect a local tradition or a pun on the name.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲓ ⲯⲏ ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲅⲓⲛⲟⲩ ⲧⲱⲃ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'this one, the seal of the sixty-first' is obscure. ⲧⲱⲃ (61) may be a year number, but the reading is uncertain; the Coptic ⲧⲱⲃ could also be a scribal error or a different numeral. The dating cannot be fixed without further manuscript evidence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a scribal colophon appended to the homily. It shifts from third-person narrative to first-person request for forgiveness, naming the scribe (Joseph, archdeacon of Sne) and the year of copying, then notes a miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The colophon's request for forgiveness and mention of a 'great miracle' suggest the text was copied in a monastic or liturgical context where the scribe's spiritual benefit was a concern. Such colophons are common in Coptic manuscripts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.timothy-discourse-michael","label":"source edition: Timothy Discourse Michael","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Timothy_Discourse%20Michael%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲁ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲁ (my repentance) is a Greek loanword (μετάνοια). The spelling with ⲓⲁ instead of ⲓⲁ is a minor scribal variant; the sense is clear, but the form is non-standard.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The year number ⲧⲱⲃ (61) is uncertain; it may be a numeral or a corrupt reading.","The phrase 'the seal of the sixty-first' could refer to an indiction or a regnal year, but the referent is unclear.","The identity of the 'great miracle' is not specified in the surviving text."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⁘ ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲏ •\nⲙⲉⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉⲥⲟⲩⲣⲏ • ⲁⲩⲥⲩⲛⲧⲁⲍⲉ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ •\nⲉⲩⲙⲁϩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ • ⲁϥⲱϣⲙ̄ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ\nⲉϥⲱ̄ϣⲙ̄ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙⲙⲁϩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲗ︦ⲗ︦ (sic)\nⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲁⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲥ̄ •\nⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ • ⲑⲁⲅⲓⲁ • ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ • ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϭⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛϣⲓⲛⲉ •\nϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲛ̄︥ⲧ︦ϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲙⲙⲉⲥⲟⲣ[ⲏ]· ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","english":"...in the river of death. In the hour of the sixth day, they prepared for us a place to rest, filling them with water. Afterwards, he submerged until he submerged twice, filling them with water by means of the vessels that make them for us. Our mother, the holy Mary, all of us, God found our request through his mercy within...of Mesore...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲙⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the river of death' likely refers to the eschatological river of judgment or purification, a motif in Coptic homilies about the afterlife.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Mary is identified as 'the holy Mary' and 'our mother', consistent with her role as Theotokos in Coptic homiletic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"God is the subject of the clause 'God found our request', a typical expression of divine mercy in Coptic prayers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲥⲟⲩⲣⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The month Mesore is the twelfth month of the Coptic calendar, corresponding to August–September, often associated with the Nile flood and martyrdom commemorations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙⲙⲁϩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'he submerged twice, filling them with water' is ambiguous; it may describe a ritual immersion or a symbolic act, but the Coptic syntax is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the homily with a colophon-like reference to the year 'the seal of the sixty-first', possibly indicating a date in the Coptic era (e.g., 345 CE), but the text is corrupt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990019134800203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙⲙⲁϩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'twice filling them with water' or 'two fillings of water'. The subject of 'submerged' is unclear.","The year reference 'the seal of the sixty-first' is corrupt; the numeral may be misread or incomplete.","The lacunae at the end of the Coptic text obscure the final clause about Mesore."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ → “Mary”. The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}]}]}