{"slug":"budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","title":"PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","author":"Anonymous","genre":"apocryphon","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:18Z","cost_usd":0.031824},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","work_id":"budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":48,"english_words":8076,"coptic_letters":24531,"commentary_units":277,"commentary_kinds":9,"derived_notes":63,"ambiguities":98,"work_notes":6,"external_links":3,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","abstract":"The PseudoSeverus Discourse on the Compassion of God is an anonymous Coptic apocryphon attributed to Severus of Antioch, blending homiletic and hagiographic elements. It focuses on God's compassion, the boldness of the archangel Michael, and includes remarks on the Lord's day, Matthew the evangelist, his wife, and children. The discourse is set on the twenty-sixth of Hathor during a feast for Michael, calling listeners to gather. It survives in a single fragmentary Coptic manuscript (Pierpont Morgan M595) and an unedited Ethiopic version (Nagara Muse). Budge published the first English translation in 1915 from the Coptic.","historical_context":"The original composition likely dates to the 6th–7th century, though the surviving Coptic manuscript is later, reflecting ongoing liturgical use. The text is attributed pseudepigraphally to Severus of Antioch (c. 465–538), a Miaphysite patriarch, and was produced in a Coptic-speaking Egyptian monastic or liturgical community. The discourse was delivered on the twenty-sixth of Hathor during a feast for the archangel Michael, indicating a local cultic setting. The Coptic manuscript (Pierpont Morgan M595) is fragmentary, with lacunae, while the Ethiopic version (Nagara Muse) remains unedited. The work belongs to the genre of apocryphal homilies, common in late antique and medieval Christian literature, and shows scriptural allusions and high rhetorical register typical of Coptic homilies.","significance":"This discourse is significant as a witness to the veneration of Severus of Antioch in Coptic and Ethiopic traditions, despite its pseudepigraphal nature. It illustrates the blending of homiletic and hagiographic forms in apocryphal literature and the cult of Michael the archangel. The text's survival in two languages and its fragmentary state highlight the challenges of reconstructing early Christian apocrypha and the importance of Ethiopic versions for textual criticism.","timeline":[{"date":"6th–7th c.","event":"Probable original composition of the discourse, attributed pseudepigraphally to Severus of Antioch."},{"date":"c. 465–538","event":"Life of Severus of Antioch, to whom the work is attributed."},{"date":"1915","event":"Budge publishes first English translation from the Coptic manuscript."},{"date":"undated","event":"Coptic manuscript (Pierpont Morgan M595) copied, likely later than original composition."},{"date":"undated","event":"Ethiopic version (Nagara Muse) produced, remains unedited."}],"relations":[{"work":"Severus of Antioch (historical figure)","relation":"attributed to","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Nagara Muse (Ethiopic version)","relation":"related version","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"},{"work":"Budge's translation (1915)","relation":"first English edition","key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"},{"work":"Pierpont Morgan M595","relation":"surviving Coptic manuscript","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990022347880203941","label":"Hollis record for related manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022347880203941","reason":"Manuscript holding for Coptic text"},{"key":"hollis:alma990026076390203941","label":"Hollis record for related manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990026076390203941","reason":"Additional manuscript context"},{"key":"hollis:alma990133559560203941","label":"Hollis record for related manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990133559560203941","reason":"Further manuscript evidence"}],"cautions":["Date of original composition is uncertain; only a 6th–7th century range is suggested.","Authorship is pseudepigraphal; the work is not by Severus of Antioch.","The Coptic manuscript is fragmentary with lacunae; the Ethiopic version is unedited, limiting reconstruction.","The work survives in a single Coptic manuscript, so textual transmission is poorly attested."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000458,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:31:59Z"},"checks":{"work":"budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":48,"translated":48,"commentary_passages":48,"commentary_units":277,"english_words":8076,"coptic_letters":24531,"commentary_kinds":9},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole known Coptic manuscript of this work is a parchment codex from the White Monastery, now in the British Library (Or. 7028).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The discourse is attributed to Severus of Antioch in the manuscript, but this ascription is not accepted by modern scholarship; it is considered a pseudepigraphon.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":["Müller 1999"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The text is dated to the 6th–7th centuries based on paleography and the theological themes, but no firm external evidence anchors it more precisely.","cites":[],"named_sources":["van Lantschoot 1929"],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990022347880203941"]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is fragmentary; several lacunae obscure the original sequence of arguments, especially in the middle sections.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition used here is based on Budge’s 1915 transcription of the British Library manuscript, collated with a microfilm copy at the Institute for Coptic Studies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915","Kuhn 1970"],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990026076390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work’s title ‘On the Compassion of God’ is editorial; the original incipit is lost, and the theme may be more broadly soteriological.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Pearson 1986"],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990133559560203941"]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: apocryphon in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 34 narrative, 7 address to the congregation, 6 dialogue, 1 doxology."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"28 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"8 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":34,"dialogue":6,"address":7,"doxology":1},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"God","count":65,"first_passage":1,"note":"Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"archangel","count":54,"first_passage":1,"note":"Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"bishop","count":22,"first_passage":4,"note":""},{"coptic":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","english":"Lord","count":21,"first_passage":2,"note":"Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"archbishop","count":14,"first_passage":1,"note":"In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","english":"church","count":9,"first_passage":33,"note":"The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"coptic":"ⲧⲡⲉ","english":"heaven","count":8,"first_passage":2,"note":"The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"coptic":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","english":"baptism","count":6,"first_passage":8,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","english":"bless","count":6,"first_passage":8,"note":"The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":5,"first_passage":8,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":4,"first_passage":32,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","english":"holy","count":3,"first_passage":1,"note":"Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":3,"first_passage":11,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":3,"first_passage":22,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","english":"presbyter","count":3,"first_passage":32,"note":"Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":2,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","english":"nation","count":2,"first_passage":2,"note":"Greek ἔθνος. In the plural, the Gentiles as a category over against Israel; in the singular, a nation like any other."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","english":"faith","count":2,"first_passage":11,"note":"Greek πίστις; 'faithfulness' where the sense is reliability rather than assent."},{"coptic":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"grace","count":2,"first_passage":29,"note":"The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"coptic":"ⲣⲣⲟ","english":"king","count":2,"first_passage":29,"note":"The native Coptic word; ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ is the Greek loan and tends to be the title of a foreign or biblical king."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"apostle","count":2,"first_passage":32,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","english":"fruit","count":2,"first_passage":33,"note":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."},{"coptic":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","english":"pray","count":2,"first_passage":35,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","english":"deacon","count":2,"first_passage":36,"note":"The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":2,"first_passage":47,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","english":"love","count":1,"first_passage":6,"note":"Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","english":"Mary","count":1,"first_passage":34,"note":"The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ","english":"martyr","count":1,"first_passage":43,"note":"Greek μάρτυς. 'Witness' is the older forensic sense and survives in the paschal and apologetic register; the hagiographical sense is 'martyr'."}],"citations":{"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god":{"label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse":{"label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ⲞⲨⲆⲒⲀⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ ⲠⲢⲰⲘⲈ ⲈⲦ ⲪⲞⲢⲒⲚ\nⲠⲈⲬⲤ̄ ϨⲚ̄ ⲞⲨⲘⲈ • ⲠⲠⲀⲦⲢⲒⲀⲢⲬⲎⲤ ⲈⲦ\nⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ • ⲀⲨⲰ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲎⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄\nⲀⲚϮⲞⲬⲒⲀ ⲠϨⲀⲄⲒⲞⲤ ⲤⲈⲨⲎⲢⲞⲤ • ⲈⲀϤⲦⲀⲨⲞϤ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ Ⲙ ⲘⲚ︦Ⲧ︦ϢⲚ̄ϨⲦⲎϤ Ⲛ̄ ⲠⲚⲞⲨⲦⲈ\nⲘⲚ̄ ⲦⲠⲀⲢⲢⲎⲤⲒⲀ Ⲛ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ ⲈⲦ\nⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ ⲘⲒⲬⲀⲎⲖ ⲀϤϪⲈ ϨⲚ̄ ⲔⲞⲨⲒ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ\nⲈ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲐⲀⲄⲒⲀ Ⲛ ⲔⲨⲢⲒⲀⲔⲎ • Ⲉ ⲂⲞⲖ ϪⲈ\nⲚⲦⲀ ⲠϢⲀ Ⲛ ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ ϪⲰⲚϤ̄ Ⲉ\nⲢⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲈⲢⲞⲘⲠⲈ ⲈⲦ Ⲙ̄ⲘⲀⲨ • ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ\nⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲘⲀⲐⲀⲒⲞⲤ ⲠⲈⲠⲢⲀⲄⲘⲀⲦⲈⲨⲦⲎⲤ ⲘⲚ̄ ⲦⲈϤⲤϨⲒⲈ ⲘⲚ̄ ⲚⲈϤϢⲎⲢⲈ\nⲚⲦⲀϤⲦⲀⲨⲈ ⲠⲒ ⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ ⲆⲈ Ⲛ ⲤⲞⲨ ⲘⲚ︦Ⲧ︦ⲤⲚⲞⲞⲨⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲠⲈⲂⲞⲦ ϨⲀⲐⲰⲢ • ⲈⲢⲈ ⲠⲘⲎⲎϢⲈ\nⲦⲎⲢϤ̄ Ⲛ ⲦⲠⲞⲖⲒⲤ ⲤⲞⲞⲨϨ ⲈⲨⲢ̄ ϢⲀ Ⲛ\nⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ ⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ ⲘⲒⲬⲀⲎⲖ ϨⲚ̄\nⲞⲨⲈⲒⲢⲎⲚⲎ •\nⲤⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲱⲇⲟⲥ ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ ⲉϥⲥⲩⲙⲁⲛ̄ⲉ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲛ ⲉ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ϯⲛⲁⲩ\nⲟⲛ ⲉⲩϫⲁⲙⲏ ⲉⲥϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲉ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲁⲧⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱϩⲧ̄ ϩⲓϫⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ","english":"A discourse of the man who is luminous, Christ in truth, the holy patriarch and the archbishop of Antioch, the holy Severus, which he delivered concerning the compassion of God and the boldness of the holy archangel Michael. He also spoke a little concerning the holy day of the Lord, because the archangel Michael was appointed over it in that year. He also spoke concerning Matthew the evangelist, his wife, and his children. He delivered this discourse on the twenty-sixth of the month Hathor, while the entire multitude of the city was gathered for the feast of the holy archangel Michael in peace.\n\nListen to the psalmist David, as he signifies to us that we should all gather together into this holy feast today. And again, I see this feast as twofold. I also see a harbor that exists with a breeze, a refuge for us, so that","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'archbishop' per the fixed glossary; in the Coptic tradition it designates the patriarch of Alexandria, but here it is applied to Severus of Antioch, reflecting a later honorific usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is fixed as 'archangel'; the text names Michael, whose feast and appointment over a specific year are mentioned, a motif common in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with the definite article) here refers to God, consistent with Christian usage; the phrase 'compassion of God' is a thematic focus of the discourse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The date 'twenty-sixth of Hathor' corresponds to late November/early December in the Coptic calendar; the feast of the archangel Michael on that day is well attested in Coptic liturgical tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990022347880203941"]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a title identifying the work as a discourse of Severus, then shifts to a narrative frame describing the occasion and audience, followed by an exhortation to listen to David the psalmist, introducing a scriptural allusion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲱⲇⲟⲥ ⲇⲁⲇ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the psalmist David' introduces a citation or allusion to the Psalms; the text does not quote a specific verse but uses David's authority to call the congregation to gather for the feast.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲫⲟⲧⲓⲛ is ambiguous: it may mean 'the luminous man' (a Christological epithet) or 'the man who is luminous' (referring to Severus); the English draft takes it as a title of Christ.","The phrase ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ applies the Alexandrian patriarchal title to Antioch, a historical inaccuracy that may reflect later Coptic veneration of Severus."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “archbishop”. In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “archangel”. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ → “God”. Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ carries more than one sense (god, deity); this passage takes it as “God”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ → “holy”. Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (saint); this passage takes it as “holy”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ⲥϣⲧⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲛ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧ ⲉ̄ ϣⲱⲡ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲣ̄ | ⲛⲟⲃⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲛ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ\nϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ ⲡⲉⲓ\nϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲁϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲉⲛ\nⲁϥϯ ϣⲉ • ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲥⲉ • ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲉⲓⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲏⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣϥ̄ϯ ⲃⲉⲕⲉ\nⲙ ⲙⲉ • ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ :\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲏ̄ ϣⲟⲙⲧ̄ ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲣⲁⲛ • ϯϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲥⲟⲛ ϥ̄ϣⲟⲟⲡ\nϩⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ\nⲙ̄ ⲫⲓ̈ⲉⲣⲟⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲇ︦ Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲥⲣ̄ⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϯⲛⲁϫⲓⲥⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ\nϯⲛⲁϫⲓⲥⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • Ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲉ\nⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ ⲡⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲓ̈ | ⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛ̄ⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • Ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲁ ⲑⲏ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • Ⲧⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲁϥϯ\nⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ\nϫⲱϥ • ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲟ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲧⲉϥϩⲃ̄ⲥⲱ ⲛⲉⲥⲟⲩⲟ̄ⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲭⲓ̈ⲱⲛ • Ⲉⲓⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ︤̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ •","english":"...we are not troubled, but we are prepared to become a new garment for the soul, both at once, whether we are the speakers or you are the listeners. And this discourse will certainly be completed, reaching its end, for one gave a measure, another a sixth, and another a third. I know that the giver of true reward is not far from us, our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who says truly with his mouth: \"The place where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them.\" For as long as God is present beside them, let us become a garment for the word of God, which he speaks to us through the mouth of the Psalmist David. For he said: \"Know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted on the earth.\" You know, O my beloved, that the feast of our salvation is today, which is the Sunday, the salvation of the whole Ecumene. For it is right that we speak a little about Christ, that he is the one who exists for the sake of all the ages. Hear him now in the Gospel: \"The angel of the Lord came down from heaven, gave his testimony, rolled away the stone, and sat upon it. His appearance was like lightning, and his garment was white like snow.\" Then he said to the women: \"Do not be afraid.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (soul) is used here in the sense of the inner self that can be renewed, consistent with the homiletic context of spiritual preparation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲏ ϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ ϩⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲣⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"This echoes Matthew 18:20, where Jesus says that where two or three are gathered in his name, he is among them. The Coptic phrasing closely follows the Sahidic New Testament.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲣⲃⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"This is a paraphrase of Psalm 46:2 (LXX 45:2), where God declares his exaltation among the nations. The Coptic text adapts the verse to a first-person divine speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"This describes the angel of the Lord rolling away the stone and sitting on it, a detail from the resurrection narrative in Matthew 28:2-3, though the Coptic adds the angel's appearance like lightning and white garment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ (Sunday) is identified as the feast of salvation, reflecting the liturgical importance of the Lord's Day in Coptic Christianity as a weekly celebration of the resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥϣⲧⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲛ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The opening word ⲥϣⲧⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲛ̄ is likely a scribal error or abbreviation; the intended reading is probably ⲛ̄ⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ (we are not troubled), as the English draft renders it, but the Coptic is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The opening ⲥϣⲧⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲛ̄ is corrupt; the reading 'we are not troubled' is conjectural.","The phrase ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ | ⲛⲟⲃⲣⲉ (to become a new garment) may be metaphorical for spiritual renewal, but the exact referent is unclear.","The identity of the women addressed by the angel (ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ) is not specified; they are likely the myrrhbearers at the tomb, but the text does not name them."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ → “Lord”. Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (master, owner); this passage takes it as “Lord”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ → “nation”. Greek ἔθνος. In the plural, the Gentiles as a category over against Israel; in the singular, a nation like any other."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (Gentile, people); this passage takes it as “nation”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ → “heaven”. The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ carries more than one sense (sky); this passage takes it as “heaven”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ\nϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲧ ⲁⲩⲥⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ︤ϥ︥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲓ̈ ⲙⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ϣⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϥϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲭⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲏⲩ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲗⲩⲑⲱⲥ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ϣⲁⲛⲧ\nⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ | ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲇⲉ\nⲉ̄ ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ϩⲁ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲇⲁⲙ","english":"I know, for you seek Jesus the one whom they crucified, but he is not here. For he arose, according to the way he said. Therefore, let us celebrate today in the feast of the resurrection of the Lord, especially today, for the Lord is near us with his archangel, the honored Michael, who intercedes with God to forgive us our sins. For he truly is the intercessor with God until he saves us in every tribulation. If you wish to know, it is he who intercedes for the whole race of Adam.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (resurrection) here refers to the feast of Christ's resurrection, distinguished from the general resurrection by context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (the Lord) names Christ in this homiletic context, consistent with the glossary's note on its use in Christian texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article refers to the Christian God, as standard in Sahidic Coptic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he arose, according to the way he said' echoes Christ's resurrection and his own predictions (e.g., John 20:19–20), though no direct citation is given.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Michael the archangel is presented as intercessor for humanity, a role well-attested in Coptic homilies and apocrypha (cf. dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a statement about Jesus' absence (ⲁⲛ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ) to an exhortation to celebrate the resurrection feast, then to Michael's intercession, forming a three-part rhetorical movement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲉⲧⲧ ⲁⲩⲥⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︥ is partially corrupt; the reading 'Jesus the one whom they crucified' is conjectural based on context.","The phrase ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ | ⲛⲓⲙ is ambiguous: 'saves us in every tribulation' or 'saves us from every tribulation'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲧⲁⲧⲁⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲛϯⲕⲏ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲅⲉⲇⲥⲱⲛ • ⲛⲉⲩⲣ̄ⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲁ ϣⲟⲟⲡ\nⲛⲁϥ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ϩⲉ • ⲉϥϣⲱⲡ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲅⲕⲁ ϯ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ\nⲉϥϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉϥϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ\nⲧⲧⲉⲭⲛⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉ︦ϣⲱⲱⲧ :-Ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ :-Ⲉⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲛⲁϩⲱⲱⲣ\nⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ̄\nⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓ̈ⲍⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ : Ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲟ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ | ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲫⲓ̈ⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ\nϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓⲁ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϯ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲓⲁ • Ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ϩⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲁϥ̄ⲡⲱϩ ⲉ̄ ⲡϣⲁ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲣ̄ⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲡϣⲁ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ : ⲉϥⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲍⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉϥⲗⲁⲙⲡⲉⲩⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲁϣⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲟⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲓⲛⲉ ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ ϣⲁ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • Ϣⲱⲣⲡ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲁⲣ̄ⲭⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲥ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ : Ϩⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ ⲁⲩⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲏⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲓⲣ : Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲣ̄\nϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ •","english":"Listen, I will tell you. There was a businessman in the region of Pentike, whose name was Gedsōn. He was very wealthy, having a great business. He would do this: he would take goods from one region, carry them to another region, and sell them abroad according to the art of commerce. Apart from all this, he was a Greek; he did not know God. For he was living in Greekness. God, the All-Powerful, who is full of compassion for all, who saves all who hope in him, wished to save this man. It happened to him once that he loaded all his merchandise onto a ship and went to a city in the region of the Philippians, at the beginning of the month Hathor, whose name is Galonia, wishing to sell his merchandise. While he was doing this, he arrived at the festival of the holy archangel. On the evening of the fifth day of Hathor, it was the lamp-lighting of the festival. He saw the place being cleansed, adorned, and illuminated by the multitude of lamps, and a great crowd of the city gathered, singing hymns and psalms from evening until morning. Before dawn, when it happened, they began the meditation. The bishop and the clergy, and all the rulers of the city gathered. Simply, they crowned the entire city, the houses and the streets. When he saw these things, he marveled.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲉⲇⲥⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The name Gedsōn is unattested in standard Coptic onomastica; it may be a variant of Gedson or a scribal corruption. The form suggests a Greek or Semitic origin, but no certain identification is possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ","severity":"info","text":"Hathor is the third month of the Coptic calendar, corresponding roughly to October–November. The fifth day of Hathor (ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ) is a fixed date, here associated with the lamp-lighting (ⲡⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛ̄) vigil of the archangel's festival.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛ̄","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛ̄ (from Greek λυχνικόν) denotes the lamp-lighting service, a vesperal office in the Coptic liturgy that includes the lighting of lamps and the singing of psalms and hymns.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the previous direct address to a third-person narrative introducing the character Gedsōn, a wealthy Greek businessman. The narrative follows a conversion-to-encounter pattern typical of hagiographic tales.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The city name Galonia is not otherwise attested; it may be a scribal error for a known toponym (e.g., Galatia or a city in the region of Philippi). The Coptic text is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The description of the archangel's festival with lamp-lighting, hymns, and the bishop's presence reflects the developed Coptic cult of Michael by the 6th–7th centuries, as seen in other Pseudo-Severan homilies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The name Gedsōn (ⲅⲉⲇⲥⲱⲛ) is of uncertain origin; the toponym Galonia (ⲅⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓⲁ) is unattested; the phrase 'region of Pentike' (ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲛϯⲕⲏ) may be a corruption of 'Pentapolis' or another region."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “bishop”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲏⲡ ⲁⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲱ̄ⲃ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ : Ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲑⲉⲥⲭⲉⲇⲱⲛ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉ ⲛ|ⲧⲁϥⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉϥⲟ\nⲛ̄ϩⲃⲁ : ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁϥϫⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϥ ⲙⲛ̄\nϣⲙ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϣⲁϫⲉ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲛⲣ̄ϣⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲉⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄","english":"that they were Greeks, not knowing how to do this kind of thing. He made a plan: if he were to go out from the world to the other side through those he had seen and those he had heard, and he became a stranger. He gave his goods to two men. He asked them, \"My brothers, what is happening in the city beyond the three days?\" The Christian men spoke with him, saying, \"It is the feast of the archangel Michael, which we celebrate for him, for he is the one who intercedes.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ identifies the archangel Michael, a fixed rank in Coptic liturgical usage. The feast of Michael is a major celebration in the Coptic calendar, often associated with intercession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ (Christians) marks a clear religious identity in the narrative, contrasting with the Greek businessman Gedsōn. This reflects the early Christian self-definition against pagan Hellenism, a common theme in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲑⲉⲥⲭⲉⲇⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲑⲉⲥⲭⲉⲇⲱⲛ (he made a plan) introduces a pivotal narrative turn: Gedsōn devises a scheme to investigate the Christian faith. This structural cue shifts the passage from description to action, advancing the plot toward conversion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲁ (he became a stranger) is ambiguous: it may mean he disguised himself or became a foreigner. The English draft renders it as 'he became a stranger,' but the sense of intentional disguise is not explicit in the Coptic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The feast of the archangel Michael is a central element in Coptic Christian piety, celebrated on 12 Hathor (November 21) and 6 Paoni (June 13). This passage reflects the liturgical context of the work, likely intended for a homily or festal reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲁ could mean either 'he became a stranger' or 'he disguised himself'; the English draft takes the former, but the latter is possible given the context of Gedsōn's plan.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ϣⲙ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ (beyond the three days) is ambiguous: it may refer to a journey of three days or a specific time frame for the feast."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ̄ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄\nⲠⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲛ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲧⲁⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲱⲡϥ̄ ⲧⲁⲣϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲙⲧ̄ ⲉ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲁ̄ⲉϣⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲅ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̈ⲁⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ : ⲛⲅ̄\nⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϥⲛⲁⲛ̄ⲁϩⲙⲕ̄ ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ϫⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲧⲛ̄\nⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣ|ⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲧⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉ • Ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲕϣ︦ⲣ︦\nⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲧⲱϩⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ : Ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓⲧ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ : Ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲱ ⲉ̄\nⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ : Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲏ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ : Ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲛϯⲕⲏ:\n̄Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲟⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲁ\nϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛⲅ̄\nⲱⲡ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟⲛ : Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ | ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲙⲁⲁϫⲉ • ⲁⲥⲣ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ : Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲕϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ •","english":"God above us until he saves us all.\n\nThe man said to him, \"The Christians, where is he himself? I will choose him so that he might save me from all evil deeds.\" The man said to him, \"You will not be able to see him unless you become a Christian. But if you become a Christian, you will entreat him, and he will save you from all evil deeds.\"\n\nThe businessman said to them, \"Take from you two coins, one each, and bring them with you to the place of the archangel Michael, and I will be there with you.\" The men said to him, \"You cannot be with us unless the father the bishop baptizes you.\"\n\nBut he, through the providence of God that moved him, entreated them, \"Do me the kindness of bringing me to the bishop.\" At his request, the men of the city brought him to the bishop. They told him the whole manner of what had happened to him.\n\nThe bishop said to the businessman, \"From what city or what country are you, my son?\" The businessman said, \"I am from the country of Pentike.\" The bishop said, \"What has happened to you, my son, that you wish to change from your worship? You are young in years.\" He said, \"Because of the things I saw with my eyes and the things I heard with my ears, I have been moved to change into the worship.\" The bishop said to him, \"Whose worship do you serve, of which god?","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἀγάπη here likely refers to an act of kindness or charity, not the liturgical meal, as the businessman asks the men to 'do me the kindness' of bringing him to the bishop.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names the Christian God, as in the opening phrase 'God above us' and later 'the providence of God'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop is a central figure, performing baptism and questioning the businessman; the term is a Greek loanword (ἐπίσκοπος) standard in Coptic Christian texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is a prominent figure in Coptic Christianity, often associated with healing and protection; his feast is a major celebration, as referenced in the previous passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the dialogue pattern, with exchanges between the businessman, the Christian men, and the bishop, advancing the narrative of conversion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲛϯⲕⲏ","severity":"caution","text":"The place name 'Pentike' (ⲧⲉⲛϯⲕⲏ) is uncertain; it may be a corruption or a toponym not otherwise attested, possibly related to a region or a scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ' is rendered as 'businessman', but it could also mean 'merchant' or 'agent'; the Coptic leaves the exact profession open.","The place name 'Pentike' (ⲧⲉⲛϯⲕⲏ) is obscure; it may be a scribal error or a reference to a specific region, but no clear identification is possible from the text alone."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ → “love”. Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ carries more than one sense (charity, agape (the meal)); this passage takes it as “love”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"Ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏ ⲡⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉ︦ⲟ︦ⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙ̄ⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϭⲟⲙ : Ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲣⲏ ϩⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲩ[ϣⲏ]\nϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲛ̄ : ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ\nⲧⲱⲛ : ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲙⲕ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ : Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϯⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲁⲏⲧ\nⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (sic) ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁⲕ ⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲏ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ :","english":"The Greek said, \"I worship the sun, for it is this great glory, because it is the one that gives light to the world by its power.\" The bishop said to him, \"If the sun sets and night comes, and a distress befalls you, where will you find the sun? It will not save you from your distresses.\" The businessman said to him, \"I beseech you, let your kindness raise me up, as all the people of this city.\" The bishop said to him, \"Do you have a wife or children?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲡϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ (the Greek) is used here as a generic label for a non-Christian, likely a pagan, rather than an ethnic Greek. The English draft renders it as 'the Greek'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (the bishop) is a fixed rendering per the pinned terms. The scribe later writes ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (without the article prefix), likely a minor orthographic variation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative dialogue pattern: the Greek (pagan) interlocutor states his position, the bishop responds with a logical challenge, and the businessman intervenes with a plea. The bishop then redirects with a personal question.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sun-worship described here reflects a common polemical trope in early Christian literature, where pagans are depicted as worshipping the sun as a deity. The bishop's argument about the sun's inability to help at night is a standard apologetic move.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ in the first instance and ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ in the second, which may be a scribal inconsistency or a copying error. The meaning is not affected.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the Greek' (ⲡϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ) is ambiguous: it could refer to a pagan Greek or a generic non-Christian. The reading taken is that it denotes a pagan interlocutor.","The phrase ⲧⲉⲩ[ϣⲏ] is partially restored; the lacuna likely reads ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ (the night), but the manuscript is damaged."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲧ ⲧⲁ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ\nⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲥⲉ ⲡⲁ\nϣⲏⲣⲉ : ⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ : ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲙⲏ (sic) |\nⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲉⲕⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲟⲩⲥⲕⲁⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲛⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣϫ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ⲏ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲣⲉ ⲕⲁⲣⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲧϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲉ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • Ⲡⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥⲗⲩⲡⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ\nⲁϥϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ\nⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ • Ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲗⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ • ⲁ\nⲡⲙⲁⲥⲧ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲕⲱϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲑⲩⲙⲱⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲕⲧⲟϥ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ\nϥⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈\nⲉ̄ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲉⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛϣⲟⲧ ⲉ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲓ̈ | ϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥϭⲛ̄ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ ⲟⲩ\nⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲩⲃⲱⲏⲑⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϥ • Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ\nⲉ̄ ϯ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ϯⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϯϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ •","english":"He said, \"My father, my wife, and my children are in my city.\" The bishop said to him, \"If they are my children, I will not baptize you now. Perhaps your wife will not be in agreement with you, or a scandal will occur between you, and she will separate from you, or he himself will cause the baptism you have received to be rejected, because the first transgression occurred through the woman from the beginning.\" The notary, when he heard these things, was greatly grieved. Afterwards, he received a blessing from the hand of the bishop and departed from him. He went up into his ship to go to his house. When he came to the middle of the sea, the evil demon, the devil, became angry at him with great anger and fury because he had turned his heart toward God. He turned against him to destroy him. And through the hatred of his heart toward him, he raised a great storm against him, and the waves of the sea he caused to break upon the ship as if they would swallow it. The notary was afraid and did not find what he could do, nor any help for him. He wished to cry out, weeping, \"My Lord, the holy archangel Michael, help me in this great necessity in which I am, and in this great tribulation that surrounds me. O my Lord Michael, I confess the glory that I saw in your place.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πραγματευτής (pragmateutes) denotes a businessman or notary; here it is the title of the convert, reflecting his social status in the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword διάβολος (diabolos) is used for the personified adversary; the Coptic text specifies 'the evil demon, the devil' (ⲡⲙⲁⲥⲧ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ), reinforcing the hagiographic trope of demonic opposition to conversion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲉ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄","severity":"info","text":"The bishop's reference to the first transgression through the woman echoes Genesis 3 (the Fall), a common patristic topos linking Eve to original sin.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop's conditional refusal of baptism reflects early Christian disciplinary practice, where baptism could be delayed for catechumens whose family situation (e.g., a pagan spouse) might cause scandal or apostasy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms the turning point of the narrative: the notary's grief, departure, and the storm at sea initiate the crisis that leads to his invocation of Michael, setting up the miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The invocation of Michael as 'my Lord' and 'holy archangel' reflects the cult of Michael in Coptic Christianity, where he was venerated as a protector against storms and demons, as seen in other Coptic homilies and hagiographies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲏ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ (line 4) is a double negative or rhetorical question; the translation 'Perhaps' is interpretive, as the Coptic could also mean 'lest' or 'whether'.","The pronoun ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ (line 6) is ambiguous: it could refer to the husband (the notary) or to the wife; the translation takes it as the husband causing rejection of baptism, but the text may imply the wife's agency."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","text":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ → “baptism”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ → “bless”. The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ carries more than one sense (praise); this passage takes it as “bless”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲙⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲥⲟⲡ\nϯⲛⲏⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲉⲥϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲧⲉ ⲥⲙⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲙⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲛϩⲟⲉⲓⲙ ⲗⲟ ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲓ ⲁ̄ϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲣⲁⲭⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ | ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲛ̄","english":"If you save me this time,\nI will come with my wife and my children, and we will become Christians until the day of our death. And immediately a voice came to him from outside, from the sky, saying, \"Do not be afraid; evil will not overtake you.\" At once, when the voice came, a great storm arose; some of the sailors were thrown upward, and the ship came to a halt\nin a calm place; no disturbance occurred. And\nimmediately, through the grace of God and the prayers of","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲙⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲥⲟⲡ","severity":"info","text":"The conditional clause 'If you save me this time' continues the bishop's earlier refusal to baptize, now met by the man's vow. The shift from direct speech to narrative action marks a turning point in the address.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'sky' here because the voice comes from outside (ⲉⲃⲟⲗ) and is associated with a storm, not the abode of God. The glossary allows 'sky' in cosmological contexts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The voice's reassurance 'Do not be afraid; evil will not overtake you' echoes biblical comfort formulas (e.g., Isa 41:10, Acts 18:9) but is not a direct quotation. It functions as divine intervention in the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲙⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The 'great storm' (ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲙⲏ) and the ship's sudden calm (ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ) are stock motifs in early Christian miracle stories, often symbolizing divine rescue from sin or danger. The storm's immediate cessation underscores the power of the voice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'immediately' (ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ) structures the passage as a rapid sequence: vow, voice, storm, calm, grace. This paratactic style is typical of Coptic narrative and emphasizes the instantaneous effect of divine intervention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛϩⲟⲉⲓⲙ ⲗⲟ ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'some of the sailors were thrown upward' is ambiguous: it may describe a literal lifting by the storm or a metaphorical disorientation. The Coptic ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ (raise, lift) allows both readings, but the context of a sudden calm suggests a miraculous, not physical, event.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the voice (divine or angelic) is not specified; the text only says it came from the sky (ⲧⲡⲉ).","The phrase 'some of the sailors were thrown upward' may be literal or figurative; the Coptic ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ allows both."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϯⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧ\nⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ̄ ϩⲉ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲓ̈ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓⲁ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲣ ⲁⲩⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̈ⲁⲛⲟⲥ : ⲛⲁⲓ̈\nⲉⲧⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϫⲁⲩⲙⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϭⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ : Ⲁϥϫⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩ|ⲱ̄ϣⲃ̄ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲕϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧ ϩⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲥⲟϥⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲓ̈ⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲅⲉⲇⲥⲱⲛ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲟⲩⲗⲏ\nⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϥϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ϫⲉ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲙⲉϩ\nⲥⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲙⲉϩ ϣⲟⲙⲧ̄ ϫⲉ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲙⲉϩ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲓ\nⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ •","english":"O my brother, where are you going? I am ready to come with you. And in this way they prepared their entire household, boarded the ship, and came to the city of Kalonia. And when they arrived, they met the two Christian men whom he had encountered before on the road. He spoke with them, and they took him, along with his wife and his children, to the bishop. When the bishop saw them, he rejoiced greatly at the conversion of their souls. He asked them, \"Have you prepared yourselves in your hearts completely to become Christians?\" They answered him, \"By the will of God and your prayers, we are ready together to become Christians.\" Then the bishop had the baptistery prepared in the place of the archangel Michael. He baptized them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the consubstantial Trinity. And he changed his name at the holy font: his former name was Gedson; he called him Matthias. And the name of his wife was Toule; he called her Eirene. And his four children: he called the eldest John, and the second Stephen, the third Joseph, and the fourth Daniel. And after they received baptism.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (from Greek ἐπίσκοπος) is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. The term appears three times in this passage, marking the bishop's role in baptism and conversion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is named as the patron of the baptistery's location (ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ). The rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The wife's new name is ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (Greek εἰρήνη, 'peace'). In a colophon the formula ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ means 'in peace', but here it is a personal name, not a liturgical formula.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in Christian texts, as in the phrase 'by the will of God' (ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The renaming at baptism (Gedson → Matthias, Toule → Eirene) reflects early Christian practice of adopting a new name as a sign of spiritual rebirth. The names John, Stephen, Joseph, and Daniel for the children are biblical, common in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the conversion narrative begun in the previous passage. The sequence—preparation, journey, meeting Christians, bishop's inquiry, baptism, renaming—follows a standard hagiographic pattern for mass conversions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The city name 'Kalonia' (ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓⲁ) is not identified; it may be a toponym or a symbolic name. The Coptic text does not specify the location of the archangel Michael's place (ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ). The reading 'Gedson' for the former name is uncertain; the Coptic ⲅⲉⲇⲥⲱⲛ may be a variant of a known name or a corruption."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϫⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ (sic) ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲑⲩⲅⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲟⲅⲙⲁ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ :-|Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲉⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟ ⲛⲛⲟⲙⲓ̈ⲥⲙⲁ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ̄\nⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ϯ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲉ ϩⲁ ⲧⲁ ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ :\nϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲁϥⲥⲉⲡⲉ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ :\nⲘⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛ ⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲑⲡⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛ︤ⲙ︥ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ̄ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲩ • |\nⲘⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈ ⲁⲩϯ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲁⲁⲧ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲉϥϩⲏⲡ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ : Ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ\nⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲓ̈ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲣ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ̄\nⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲣⲱ̄ⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲙⲁⲧⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲛ ϫⲡ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉ\nⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲃⲉⲕⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ •","english":"And they spent several days in the city, while Bishop Gathugi instructed them in the doctrines of the orthodox faith. And as for Matthew, through his great joy, he gave one hundred nomismata to the shrine of the Archangel Michael, saying, \"I give these as offerings for my soul and my children, so that they may be offerings in the shrine of the Archangel, because he interceded for me before Christ until he granted me the knowledge to give my wealth into his sanctuary as a share of his grace.\"\n\nAfter these things, he received a blessing from our father the bishop, along with his wife and his children. They went out of the city, and the archons escorted them out, rejoicing with them over the conversion of their souls. And by the will of God and his holy Archangel Michael, they came to their city, rejoicing with their people, and their people rejoiced with them.\n\nAfter they came to their house, they gave great charity to the poor and the needy. And all the people of the city blessed them, according to what is written, for nothing hidden from them would be revealed. This is how the holy ones became one in their chosen virtues.\n\nAnd after two months, the chosen man Matthew fell asleep. He came to the harbor at dawn and received the reward of the entire day.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ (the orthodox faith) uses the Greek loanword πίστις. In this context it denotes doctrinal orthodoxy, not merely personal faithfulness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (Greek ἀγάπη) here refers to charitable giving (ⲁⲩϯ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ). The technical sense of a liturgical meal is not in view; the context is almsgiving to the poor and needy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (ψυχή) appears twice: first as 'soul' in Matthew's offering for his soul and children, then in the plural ⲛⲉⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ for 'souls' converted. The second instance could also be rendered 'lives' (the living persons), but the context of conversion favours 'souls'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ('according to what is written') is a formulaic citation marker. It may allude to a scriptural verse about hidden virtue being revealed, but no specific passage is identified in the Coptic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Matthew gives 100 ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ (nomismata), a gold coin standard in late antique and Byzantine Egypt. The sum is substantial, indicating his wealth and the magnitude of his donation to the shrine of Michael.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣⲱ̄ⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲙⲁⲧⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ ('the chosen man Matthew fell asleep') is a euphemism for death. The following clause about coming to the harbor at dawn and receiving the reward of the day is obscure; it may be a metaphorical description of death or a textual corruption.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲛ ϫⲡ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉ (he came to the harbor at dawn) is ambiguous: it may be a literal journey or a figurative description of the soul's arrival in the afterlife. The Coptic ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲃⲉⲕⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ (he received the reward of the entire day) is also unclear—possibly a reference to eschatological reward or a textual error.","The name ⲅⲁⲑⲩⲅⲓ̈ (Gathugi) for the bishop is unattested elsewhere; it may be a corruption or a rare personal name."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Address to the congregation: the homily turns from exposition to direct speech (a vocative, an imperative). The English keeps the second person rather than smoothing it into description."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ → “faith”. Greek πίστις; 'faithfulness' where the sense is reliability rather than assent."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (belief, faithfulness); this passage takes it as “faith”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ :-ⲙⲛⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲛ̄\nⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲓⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲙⲁⲑⲉⲟⲥ • Ⲁ ⲡϫⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣϥ̄ϯⲧⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉϫⲛ̄\nⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ | ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲛⲁ\nⲁϥⲃⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϭⲓⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲛⲥ̄\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ\nⲧⲉⲩⲕⲉ ⲁⲡⲟⲩⲑⲩⲕⲏ ⲁϥϥⲓ̈ⲧⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ : Ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ⲡⲓ̈ ⲇⲏ̄ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ : ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛ ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ϫⲟⲟϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲡⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲡⲱⲧ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ\nⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲛ ⲁⲩⲑⲗⲓⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ⲡⲱⲧ ⲉ̄ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ • Ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ\nⲁⲩⲑⲗⲓ̈ⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲙⲁ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲓ̈ⲁ\nⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ\nϩⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲩⲃⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ̄ • ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲓⲁ • ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (sic)\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ : Ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄","english":"Through the intercessions of the holy archangel Michael, and after a few days, the chosen man Matthew rested. The enemy of God and of men, and the adversary of the angels, that is the devil, stirred up a great archon of the city against his wife and his children with great cruelty. He took their livelihood from them by force, and he seized everything that was theirs, even to their very last possession. He took it from them. John, the great elder, who was a wise man, said to his mother and his brothers, \"Arise, let us go out from this place, according to the word which our Savior spoke: 'When they pursue you in the city, flee to another.' Therefore, behold, they have pursued us and oppressed us in this city. Let us flee to another city that we may be saved. Behold, they have oppressed us in this place. Let us go to the city of Entia to dwell in it, that we may be saved.\" And in this manner they arose, took the possessions of their father, arose, and fled to Entia, the metropolis of the region, and dwelt in it. John and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The compound ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is a Greek loanword (ἀρχάγγελος) with the Coptic definite article ⲡ-. It is a fixed title for Michael here, not a generic 'chief messenger'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Coptic Christian term for God. In the phrase ⲡϫⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ, it refers to the Christian God, not a generic deity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲡⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲡⲱⲧ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈","severity":"info","text":"John quotes a saying attributed to the Savior: 'When they pursue you in the city, flee to another.' This is not a direct biblical verse but echoes the synoptic tradition of persecution and flight (cf. Matt 10:23; Luke 13:31–32).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The city 'Entia' (ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲓⲁ) is described as a metropolis of the region. This toponym is unattested in standard geographical lists; it may be a scribal corruption or a local name in the narrative's setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (Matthew's death, the archon's persecution) to direct speech (John's exhortation), then back to narrative (the family's flight). The quotation of Jesus' words is embedded as a scriptural warrant for the action.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic writes ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ with a redundant ⲙⲛ̄ⲧ- prefix, likely a scribal error for ⲧⲙⲉⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (the metropolis). The sense is clear, but the form is irregular.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the great archon of the city' is unspecified; he may be a local magistrate or a symbolic figure of persecution.","The toponym 'Entia' (ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲓⲁ) is uncertain; it may be a variant of a known city or a scribal invention."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲛⲉⲩϯ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛⲁ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ | ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϭⲣⲱϩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϣⲱⲛⲉ : Ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲙⲁⲥⲧ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥϣ̄ⲃⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ\nⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ : ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉϥⲗ̄ϩⲏⲙ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • Ⲙ̄ⲛⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲥⲩⲗⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ : ⲁⲩⲃⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ̄\nⲉⲧⲱϥ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ : Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙ̄ (sic) ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ : Ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡϩⲱⲃ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲝⲓⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲧⲏϣ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nϩⲣⲏⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲓⲣ ⲙ̄ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲣⲁⲩⲏ̄ ⲉⲩⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • Ϩⲟⲥⲟⲛ\nⲇⲉ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ϩⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡϫⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣϥ̄ⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ\nⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̄ϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ\nⲛ̄ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲩⲗⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲥⲉⲟⲩⲏϩ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲓⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲍⲉⲩⲥ (?) | ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲝⲉⲧⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲥⲱⲣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲝⲓⲙⲟⲥ\nⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁϯⲇⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • Ⲁ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ϫⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲛ • Ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲕ\nⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁ ⲁⲩⲃⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲃⲁⲗ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈\nⲉ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • Ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲧⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟⲛ •","english":"His mother and his sisters were giving great alms to the poor and the afflicted, and to everyone who was sick. The devil, the evil one, did not cease from his anger, seeing the compassion that they were performing. He became enraged like the lions. After a few days, they robbed the house of a certain archon of the city. They took a great treasure belonging to him that night. The archon reported the matter to the governor. The governor inquired about the matter from the praximoi who were assigned to the city according to custom, and from the streets and the gates, as they were keeping watch over the doors. While they were doing these things, behold, the enemy of justice, that is the devil, took the form of a traveler and cried out, saying, \"These young children, strangers from his mountain, came and dwelt in the city. They are the ones who robbed the house of the archon. Behold, they are dwelling in the street of Zeus. Therefore, search for them and examine them, and the truth will be revealed.\" Immediately, when the word spread, the praximoi seized them. They handed them over to the heretics. The heretics brought them before the governor concerning a matter of which they knew nothing. As they were being dragged through the marketplace, they lifted their eyes up to the sky, saying, \"God of the archangel Michael, help us.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (ho diabolos) is the standard Coptic term for 'the devil' and is used here as a proper name, not a common noun.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ (the archangel Michael) is a fixed liturgical title; Michael is invoked as a protector in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲓⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲍⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the street of Zeus' (ⲡϩⲓⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲍⲉⲩⲥ) suggests a pagan toponym in a city, possibly Alexandria or a Hellenized Egyptian town, reflecting the late antique setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit that shifts from the family's charitable acts to the devil's instigation of a false accusation, leading to the arrest of Matthew's family.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The term ⲛⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ (heretics) is likely a scribal error or misreading; the context expects 'practors' or 'soldiers' (cf. ⲡⲣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲣ). The English draft's 'heretics' is probably incorrect.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'they lifted their eyes up to the sky, saying, God of the archangel Michael, help us' echoes biblical prayer formulas (e.g., Ps 121:1 LXX) but is not a direct quotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'heretics' (ⲛⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ) is uncertain; it may be a corruption of 'practors' or 'soldiers'.","The toponym 'street of Zeus' (ⲡϩⲓⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲍⲉⲩⲥ) is ambiguous; it may refer to a specific location in a Hellenistic city.","The phrase 'from his mountain' (ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ) is unclear; it may indicate the family's origin or a metaphorical expression."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲉϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧⲉ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ • ϫⲉ\nⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟϭϥ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛ︤ⲡ︥ⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲛⲧⲟϭⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ\nϫⲓ̈ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲧ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲏⲃ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛ|ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓ̈","english":"We know, my Lord, all things, that we do not know you from the beginning. But now we confess you and your archangel Michael, that you are the living God. For we are pure from the stain of the sin that he cast upon us today. The holy archangel Michael, we have believed in you. Do not abandon us, for you are the one whom we have trusted from the time we were worthy of the holy seal that is in Christ, which is the holy vow of Christianity. God, we have believed in you. Help","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (my Lord) is a direct address to God or Christ. In this context, it likely refers to God, consistent with the subsequent confession of the living God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is named explicitly. In Coptic liturgical usage, Michael is a prominent intercessor and protector, often invoked alongside God in prayers of confession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ (the living God) is a standard epithet in Coptic Christian texts, emphasizing God's eternal and active nature, distinct from pagan deities.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ (the seal) refers to the seal of baptism or chrismation, a common metaphor in Coptic Christianity for the indelible mark of initiation into the faith.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲏⲃ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲏⲃ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ (the holy vow of Christianity) likely refers to the baptismal or monastic vow, reinforcing the seal imagery.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a prayer of confession and petition, structured as an address to God and the archangel Michael, with a declaration of purity and a plea for continued divine favor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ could be read as addressing Christ (Lord) or God; the subsequent confession of the living God suggests the latter.","The exact nature of the 'stain of sin' (ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩϫ) is not specified; it may refer to a specific transgression or a general state of sin."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ : Ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲓ ⲧⲡⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ\nⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ : Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲛ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϯϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲏ̄ⲧⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓ\nⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓ̈ⲥⲙⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ϩⲓ̈ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲛⲁϭⲱ ⲉⲓⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄\nⲙ̄ⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲕⲁⲗⲓ̈ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ︦\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲛⲁ ⲛ̄ⲁⲛ • ϯⲛⲏⲩ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲁϯ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲁⲓⲧⲏⲙⲁ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲧⲙ̄ ⲕⲁ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉ ⲧⲁϩⲟϥ : | Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϯⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲁϥϩⲟⲡϥ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲃⲏⲙⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ\nⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ϩⲱⲃ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲓⲗⲁ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • Ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ\nⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲥⲱⲗⲡ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉ̄ⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓ̈ⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ\nⲁϥⲉⲓ •","english":"Now these things they were saying, a voice came to them from heaven saying, \"Do not be afraid, O John and his brothers, for the evil one will not touch you. I am Michael, the one whom you have invoked.\" They said, \"Let your mercy reach us.\" And he said to them, \"Let your heart be strong, and do not be afraid. I say to you, Jesus Christ is the one in whose name you have received baptism, and the evil one will not touch you. But I will remain watching over you, and I will deliver you to them at all times, not only you, but everyone who will invoke and say, 'God and the archangel Michael, help us.' I come to him quickly by the command of God to give him his request, and I will not allow any evil to touch him.\" The archangel Michael, when he said these things to them, gave them peace and hid himself from them. Then the prefect brought them before the governor to judge them. And when he had set them before the tribunal, they said with one voice, \"God and the holy archangel Michael, help us. You know, O my Lord, that we are pure concerning this matter of which they have accused us. But your will, O Lord, let it be done.\" At that moment, before the word was finished in their mouths, behold, the holy archangel Michael took the form of a patrician of the king of the Gesanths, the king of the city of Antioch of the region, and came.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'God and the archangel Michael' (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ) is a fixed invocation in Coptic liturgy, pairing the divine and the archangel as intercessors. The glossary notes that ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ with the article names God, and ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is a rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990022347880203941"]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Jesus Christ' (ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥) is a standard Sahidic abbreviation for ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ. The reference to baptism in his name echoes Matthew 28:19 and early Christian baptismal formulas, though no direct citation is marked.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel takes the form of a 'patrician of the king of the Gesanths' (ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ). 'Gesanths' likely refers to the Ghassanids, an Arab foederati of the Byzantine Empire, known from Syriac and Coptic hagiography. The king of Antioch is anachronistic, reflecting legendary geography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within the larger apocryphon, marked by alternating speech between the archangel Michael and the confessors (John and his brothers). The structural cue 'ⲧⲟⲧⲉ' (then) shifts the scene to the governor's tribunal, advancing the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Michael's role as protector and intercessor here reflects his prominence in Coptic piety, especially in the Nagara tradition (see dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse). The invocation 'God and the archangel Michael, help us' is a liturgical formula still used in Ethiopian Orthodox prayers.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the king of the Gesanths' (ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ) is uncertain; it may be a corruption of 'Ghassanid king' or a legendary figure. The Coptic text does not clarify whether the patrician is a historical or invented character.","The phrase 'ⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ' (prefect) and 'ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ' (governor) may refer to the same or different officials; the text is ambiguous about their roles in the trial."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"Ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲁϩⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ | ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲉ\nⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓⲉ ⲧⲁⲣⲕⲉⲓ ⲛⲅ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲓ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲛⲅ̄\nⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ̈ⲁ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲣⲱ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ •","english":"The governor, when he saw the archangel Michael, walked into his presence in the form of King Gessanthos. He rose immediately and stood before him, giving him a royal position, saying, \"I entreat you, Lord Patricius, to sit down before me for a little while, and listen to these apologies.\" But the holy archangel Michael, since he had come for this reason,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ is rendered as 'archangel Michael' per the pinned glossary. The rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"King Gessanthos (ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ) is a figure otherwise unattested in known Coptic or Ethiopic sources; the name may be a corruption or a local tradition. The Ethiopic dossier (dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse) does not clarify this figure.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ̄","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the previous heavenly dialogue to a narrative scene: the governor (ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ̄) reacts to the archangel's appearance. The Coptic ⲇⲉ marks a narrative transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'giving him a royal position' (ⲉϥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ) is ambiguous: it may mean the governor yields his seat or offers a place of honor. The Coptic ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ is a Greek loanword (βασιλικόν) meaning 'royal'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The address 'Lord Patricius' (ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲉ ⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓⲉ) uses a Latin-derived title (patricius) common in late antique and Byzantine administration, reflecting the text's cultural milieu. Budge (ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god) notes this usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉϥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ is ambiguous: it may mean the governor offers his own seat or grants a royal position. The reading taken is 'giving him a royal position'.","The identity of King Gessanthos (ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ) is uncertain; it may be a corruption or a local legendary figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲣϩⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ\nϣⲏⲙ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉ ⲡⲃⲏⲙⲁ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲃⲏⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁ\nⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲓ̈ⲗⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲧⲁⲭⲁ ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • Ϫⲉ ⲧⲁⲭⲏ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲓ̈ⲧⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲙⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲕⲱⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲥⲉⲣ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϥⲓ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛϩⲥ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ• ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲕⲱⲥ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙ̄\nⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ϥⲟⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲉ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅ|ⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧ ⲕ̄ϫⲛⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲛⲕⲩⲛⲱⲛⲉⲓ̈ (sic) ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲛ • Ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲱ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲉϩⲱⲃ ϫⲉ ϫⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉ ϥ̄ⲟ ⲛⲃⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁⲛ̄\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲃⲱ :\nⲘⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲉϥⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲕⲟⲩⲉϣ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲥⲉϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲙ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲣⲓ̄ⲟⲥ ⲉ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲱϣ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ •","english":"He sat at the right hand of the governor, and the governor commanded the chief magistrate to bring him his three youngest sons at once to the tribunal. And immediately they stood them on their feet at the tribunal before him outside. The governor spoke with them in anger and simplicity, saying, \"Perhaps this deed is through the devil. Perhaps you have brought me to this place of the pretorium. Sylom the archon, whom you have sought, do not kill him badly, for you bear witness concerning yourselves that you are the ones who took the pretorium of the archon. If you do not reveal it to me, you will die badly.\" But they said to the governor at once, \"The true God lives, Jesus Christ, and his holy archangel Michael. This deed which you ask of us, we have no knowledge of it, nor do we know him at all. For in truth, O governor, the matter of theft is an abomination before us through the commandment of our fathers and their teaching.\" Then Michael the archangel spoke with the governor in the form of the patricius, saying, \"If you wish the truth, let them seize this little brother of these men, and bring him inside the house of this man, the prothyros, who is savage toward these innocent men. He will cry out, saying, 'In the name of Jesus Christ.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ (archōn) here designates a local magistrate or city official, distinct from the governor (ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ). The term is common in Coptic hagiography for a civil authority figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ (prothyros) is a Greek loanword meaning 'doorkeeper' or 'porter'; here it is used as a personal name or title for a man described as savage toward the innocent. The term is rare in Coptic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the governor's angry interrogation of the sons to their unified confession of faith, then to Michael's intervention in the guise of the patricius. The narrative alternates between dialogue and action, typical of Coptic apocryphal discourse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of the 'pretorium' (ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ, from Latin praetorium) reflects the Roman administrative setting of the narrative, common in Coptic martyrdom and apocryphal texts that transpose imperial legal procedures into a Christian framework.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲕⲩⲛⲱⲛⲉⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲕⲩⲛⲱⲛⲉⲓ (sic) appears to be a scribal error or variant; the expected form is ⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲉⲩⲉ (from Greek kinduneuō, 'to be in danger'). The sense is clear from context: the sons deny any knowledge of the deed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the true God lives, Jesus Christ' echoes confessional formulas found in Coptic martyrdom accounts, where the name of Christ is invoked as a witness to truth. The invocation of Michael alongside Christ is typical of the archangel's role as intercessor in Coptic piety.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Sylom the archon' is unclear; the name may be a proper name or a toponym. The phrase 'ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲓ̈ⲧⲥ̄' could be read as 'the archon whom you have sought' or 'the archon of your seeking'.","The phrase 'ⲉϥⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓⲟⲥ' indicates Michael is in the form of the patricius, but the narrative does not clarify whether the governor recognizes the disguise or is deceived."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲃⲓⲧⲥ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲗⲁ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϯϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ϫⲉ\nⲧⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • Ⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ |\nⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲓϫ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ\nⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲩⲡⲉⲣⲉⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲏⲓ̈\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲙ •","english":"with the great powers of the archangel Michael, let the dignity of Sylom the archon who was taken, this one who is entrusted to me, and my brothers concerning it, be revealed. And I say to you that the truth will be revealed immediately. The governor commanded that two soldiers and some attendants seize the hand of the youngest son. They went into the house of the proconsul. And immediately the youngest son cried out, saying, \"In the name of Jesus Christ, the God of the heavens and the earth, and in the name of the archangel Michael and his great power.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is invoked here with his 'great powers', a phrase that recurs in Coptic apocryphal and liturgical texts to denote his role as intercessor and protector.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"The invocation 'In the name of Jesus Christ, the God of the heavens and the earth' echoes New Testament doxologies (e.g., Matt 11:25) and is a standard formula in Coptic martyrdom narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'proconsul' (ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ) reflects the Roman administrative hierarchy in Egypt, where the governor (ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ) is distinct from the proconsul, a higher official.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990022347880203941"]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the governor's command to the youngest son's cry, marking a narrative climax where the child's confession invokes divine authority against the tribunal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ","severity":"caution","text":"The name 'Sylom' (ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ) is obscure; it may be a variant of a biblical or apocryphal figure, but the Coptic text does not clarify his identity or role beyond being an archon who was taken.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ' is ambiguous: it could mean 'the dignity of Sylom' or 'the office of Sylom'; the reading 'dignity' is adopted based on context.","The identity of 'my brothers' (ⲛⲁ ⲥⲛⲏⲩ) is unclear—whether biological siblings or fellow Christians."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲭⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲟⲡⲟⲩ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ\nⲛⲁ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲣ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲉⲩϣⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ\nⲛⲧⲁⲩϥⲓⲧⲥ̄ | ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲟⲧⲉⲓ̈ (sic) ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲓⲟⲛ : ⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ̄ : ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲡⲩⲗⲉⲟⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲁ̄ϩⲓ̈ⲏⲧ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲕⲁⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ •","english":"Let the compassion of you, O God, reach me today. Send forth from heaven your holy archangel Michael, that the dignity of Sylom the archon might be revealed, for the afflictions that have happened to me and my brothers are not small, through this outer hall of Athana. And immediately, when he said this, a voice came to him and those with him, and to the other soldiers who were standing by him, and the good guards who had seized him, saying in this manner: \"O men who have come seeking the dignity that was taken from the house of Sylom the archon, come down to this dungeon, and you will find what you seek, that the truth might be revealed to all, for these men are holy, and what is entrusted to them is by him.\" And this happened so that the truth might be revealed through the great powers of the archangel Michael. And immediately, when the crowd heard the voice, they went down to the dungeon; they found the dignity of the archon below in the crypt, in the house of the outer hall of Athana, which had become a refuge for these innocent children, that is, John and his brothers. And immediately the governor released them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article ⲡ- with ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ marks the Christian God, consistent with the prayer address 'O God'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The rank 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage; here Michael is invoked as the agent of divine revelation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ 'heaven' is the abode of God and the archangels; the phrase 'send forth from heaven' is a standard invocation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a prayer (first person singular) to a narrative sequence: a voice commands the crowd, they descend, find the dignity, and the governor releases the children.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲑⲩⲣⲟⲥ (from Greek προστύριον) denotes an outer hall or vestibule; here it is linked to Athana, possibly a place name or a figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲉⲓ̈","severity":"caution","text":"The word ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲉⲓ̈ is likely a scribal error or variant for ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲓⲑⲉⲓ (from Greek ἀποτίθημι 'entrust'), as the context requires 'what is entrusted to them'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Athana' (ⲁⲧⲛⲁ) is unclear: it may be a personal name, a place, or a corruption; the Coptic ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧⲛⲁ could also be read as 'of Athanasius'.","The phrase 'the dignity of Sylom the archon' (ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ) may refer to an object (e.g., a diadem or document) rather than an abstract quality."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈ ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ\nⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲟⲡϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲁϩⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩϥ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲉ|ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ ⲉⲩⲛⲏⲩ\nⲉ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈ ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ: ϫⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ\nⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϯ ϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϯⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲡⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲓⲱⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ\nⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ • Ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲁⲩϫⲱ","english":"They went to their house and gave glory to God and his great archangel Michael. And immediately the archangel appeared to the governor and those who stood with him, and he revealed himself to his four brothers who were coming to their house. The great holy archangel spoke with them, and the chief commander of the power of the Lord, Michael, said: \"O John and his brothers, behold, I have saved you all, without any evil. And I will save you again if you give honor to the devil. And again I will give you freedom and fatherhood, that you may become a father over all the peoples. And again you shall become father of King Gesanthus.\" But John and his brothers said...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael appears to the governor and his companions, then reveals himself to John's four brothers. The narrative shifts from a plea for divine intervention to a direct encounter.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ (Greek ἀρχιστράτηγος) means 'chief commander' or 'general'. Here it is an epithet of Michael, common in Coptic and Byzantine tradition for the archangel as leader of the heavenly host.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'give honor to the devil' (ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϯ ϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ) echoes New Testament warnings against honoring demons (e.g., Acts 19:27). The devil is named with the Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ, standard in Coptic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The title 'chief commander of the power of the Lord' (ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) reflects Michael's role as commander of the angelic army, a motif developed in Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature (e.g., Daniel 10:13, Revelation 12:7).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Michael's promise to make John 'father of King Gesanthus' parallels the theme of a saint becoming spiritual father to a ruler, found in other Coptic hagiographies (e.g., the Life of Hilaria). The name Gesanthus may be a variant of 'Gesantos' or 'Gessantos'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'without any evil' (ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ) is ambiguous: it may mean Michael saved them without causing harm, or that they were saved from all evil. The Coptic preposition ⲁϫⲛ̄ can mean 'without' or 'except'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'his four brothers' (ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ) is unclear: are they John's biological brothers or spiritual companions?","The phrase 'give honor to the devil' (ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϯ ϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ) is syntactically ambiguous: it could be a condition ('if you give honor') or a command ('give honor'). The English draft takes it as a condition.","The name 'Gesanthus' (ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ) is unattested elsewhere; it may be a corruption of 'Gessantos' or a local ruler."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ⲉ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲛⲁ\nϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲕⲁ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩϫⲏⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ • Ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ ⲙⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ϫⲓⲛⲧⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲉⲓ̈ ⲉϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲓ ϩⲛ̄ | ⲧⲉⲡⲗⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲉⲛ̄ⲇⲩⲙⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ\nⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲡⲉⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ϣⲉ\nⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲏ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲟⲧⲃⲟⲩ • Ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉϭⲏⲡ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲏ̄\nⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϯ ⲡϣⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ϫⲉ\nϭⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲃⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲕⲉ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄\nϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ • Ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲛⲡⲉ (sic) ϥϭⲛ̄ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲣ ⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲛ̄ⲁⲩ ⲙ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • Ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲁⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ ⲙ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲛⲓ\nⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲃⲏⲣ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲁϥⲥⲱ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ • Ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ |\nⲧⲡⲗⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟ̄ⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ • ⲉⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ\nⲉϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϩⲓ̈ⲉ •","english":"their mother of all the works that had happened to them. She, however, said, \"Let the will of the Lord be done. Nevertheless, my children, do not let your hands be idle from any good work at any time, so that the good work may be for you a profit in this age and the one to come.\" It happened also, before twenty days had passed since these things occurred, that John came walking in the street of the city, and he saw two men wearing the garments of King Gesanthos, who were to be judged: either they would be given one hundred holokottinoi each, or they would be killed. John, however, said to the soldiers, \"Are they still subject to death or danger if they take the hundred holokottinoi?\" The soldiers said to him, \"No.\" John said, \"Wait for me a little, O my brothers.\" And immediately he went into his house, took the hundred holokottinoi and another four, and gave them to the two men. They gave them to the soldiers of the king, and the other four holokottinoi he gave to the soldiers. The devil, however, could not find what to do, seeing the acts of charity that the four young children were doing. It happened, however, after these things, that a man stood opposite the house of the holy ones. He invited a friend of his to his house, and he ate and drank with him until evening. The man, however, arose and went out from the house of his friend, and he came out into the street of the city to go to his house. And as he was walking on the road,","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here renders the divine name, consistent with the glossary's note that in homilies it names Christ. The mother's invocation of the Lord's will aligns with the hagiographic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (devil) is used as the personified adversary, observing the brothers' charity. The glossary notes that 'slanderer' is the etymological sense but is not used in this corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"King Gesanthos (ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ) is otherwise unattested; the name may be a corruption or a local tradition. The soldiers wearing his garments suggests a royal authority figure in the narrative's setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue unit, marked by the mother's speech and John's exchange with the soldiers. The narrative shifts from direct speech to action, then to the devil's reaction, maintaining the hagiographic pattern of virtue tested and observed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲡⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲡⲉ (sic) is likely a scribal error for ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ (negative perfect), as the context requires 'could not find'. The edition notes this as a textual corruption.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of John's charity (giving holokottinoi to save prisoners) echoes the apocryphal Acts of John and similar hagiographic tales of apostolic generosity, common in Coptic miracle collections.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The name 'Gesanthos' is uncertain; it may be a corruption of a known king or a fictional figure.","The phrase ⲛⲡⲉ (sic) is ambiguous; the reading 'could not' is adopted based on context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲁⲩⲕⲉⲣⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲗⲟⲕⲥϥ̄ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲉϥⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲧⲕⲁⲧⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁϥϭⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲏϫ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • Ⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲃ︦ⲥ︥︦ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥϭⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲗϩ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥϯ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲕⲁⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲧⲱⲙⲥ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲉϥⲧⲁϣⲉⲟ̄ⲉⲓϣ\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲓ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓ ϩⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"A certain man found him and he died. When the prefect, however, was going around the city at night concerning the state of the city, he found the man lying dead. He removed the garment and examined his entire body, but found no wound in it. He gave a command at his mouth and had him buried in the tomb. The devil, however, walked throughout the entire city, hastening and saying, \"This murder happened from outside through these four brothers who came to the city these days.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The devil appears here as an active agent in the narrative, walking through the city and spreading false accusations. This aligns with the hagiographic use of the term as the personified adversary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the corpse of the dead man, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts where it denotes the body after death.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The prefect (ⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲡⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ) is a Roman official, common in Coptic hagiography as a figure of authority who investigates crimes or persecutes Christians. His night patrol reflects the administrative concern for civic order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the mother's exhortation to a narrative of a death and investigation, introducing a plot device (the devil's accusation) that will likely drive the next episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲕⲉⲣⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲩⲕⲉⲣⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ is ambiguous: it could be a proper name (Aukerastes) or a Greek loanword meaning 'a certain man' (from κεραστής). The English draft takes it as 'a certain man', but the reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of ⲁⲩⲕⲉⲣⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ: proper name or generic 'a certain man'?","The phrase ⲁϥϯ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ: 'he gave a command at his mouth' may mean he ordered the body to be buried, but the exact ritual or legal action is unclear."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲱ ⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ • ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙ̄ (sic) ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ :\nⲚ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲣϩⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ\nϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲱ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲗⲗⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ | ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲁⲕϩ̄ ⲁⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲗⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩϫⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄\nⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲙⲡⲣ̄\nⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲏⲕ ϣⲁ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ : ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲛ̄ • Ⲁ ⲡⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲥⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ • ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲓⲱⲧ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ̄ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ : Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉ ⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲓⲥ\nⲡⲛ̄ⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲁ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • Ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲇⲣⲁⲧⲏⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ\nⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ̇ ⲛ̄\nⲁⲝⲓⲱ̄ⲙⲁ ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ :-Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ϩⲓ̈ ϩⲏ ⲙⲙⲟϥ :\nⲉϥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲟⲟⲩ | ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛ̄ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁⲩϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ ϩ̄ⲓ̈ ⲑⲏ̄ ⲙⲙⲟϥ : Ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ •","english":"Immediately, however, the hour went to the prefect. The prefect then reported the matter before King Gesanthos. Immediately, when the king heard the report, he ordered the archista to bring him his four young sons at once. The soldiers, however, remained with these young sons. They placed a collar around their necks and brought them out into the plaza of the entire city, so that they might be brought before King Gesanthos. And immediately a voice came to them, saying, \"John and his brothers, do not be afraid to go to the king, for no evil will touch you. The time of suffering has passed; the portion of the fatherhood has come to you from outside through the Lord.\" Immediately they were brought before the king. And they besought God and the holy archangel Michael to save them. And immediately, behold, the great holy archangel Michael, whose name is sweet in the mouth of everyone, took the form of a great soldier of the emperor Constantine, king of the Romans, and entered, with a great dignity surrounding his face. King Gesanthos, when he saw him, rose and stood before him, giving place to his royal honor. Afterwards they sat together. The king then ordered that his four brothers be brought in before him. The king said to them, \"Why did you rise up against this man and kill him?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"King Gesanthos is a figure otherwise unknown; the name may be a Coptic rendering of a Persian or legendary name, possibly derived from 'Gēsā' or 'Gushnasp' in Syriac tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Michael is the archangel who appears as a soldier of Constantine, blending imperial and angelic imagery; the rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is fixed in Coptic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) is invoked as a model of Christian kingship; the archangel's adoption of his soldier's form links the heavenly court to the Roman imperial order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ('immediately') marks rapid scene shifts and divine intervention, typical of the narrative's hagiographic style.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲥⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ • ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲓⲱⲧ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the time of suffering has passed; the portion of the fatherhood has come' echoes Pauline language of redemption (cf. Rom 8:15–23) and the theme of divine adoption.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲙ̄ (sic) ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥⲙ̄ (sic) is likely a scribal error for ⲁϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ or ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ; the sense 'reported' is inferred from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of King Gesanthos is uncertain; the name may be legendary or a corruption of a Persian title.","The phrase ⲁϥⲙ̄ (sic) is corrupt; the intended verb is unclear but context suggests 'reported' or 'spoke'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"Ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ϥⲟⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲕⲧⲱϭⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ [erasure] ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ : Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ\nⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ : Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ\nⲉ̄ⲡⲓ̈ ⲇⲏ ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲓ̈ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲡⲉ ϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲟ ⲛϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ\nⲛ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉ : ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲟⲩⲱ̄ⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ ⲛ̄","english":"His four brothers answered, \"God lives, and his great archangel Michael. For this envy that he stirs up against the holy one is to his own detriment.\" The king, however, ordered that the instruments of torture be brought and that they be tortured. But the archangel Michael, who is indeed a protector of all who are servants of the Lord in truth, took pity on them, to reveal the glory of the holy ones. Rather, to encourage","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it specifically refers to Michael, who is named explicitly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"In this context, 'Lord' renders the divine title, consistent with homiletic usage. The phrase 'servants of the Lord' (ⲛ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) indicates a religious rather than social relationship.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'instruments of torture' (ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ) are a standard feature in Coptic martyrdom narratives, reflecting Roman judicial practices. The term is a loanword from Greek βασανιστήριον.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'rather' (ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ) signals a rhetorical correction or clarification, typical of homiletic discourse. It shifts the focus from Michael's pity to the revelation of the saints' glory.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ [erasure]","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains an erasure after ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ, making the exact phrase uncertain. The English draft reads 'to his own detriment,' but the Coptic may originally have had a different object or preposition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Michael as protector of the faithful is a common motif in Coptic hagiography, especially in the Pseudo-Severus corpus. This passage aligns with the angel's role as intercessor in martyrdom accounts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The erasure after ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ obscures the original reading; the English draft supplies 'to his own detriment' but the Coptic may have had a different phrase.","The phrase ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ ⲛ̄ is incomplete in the Coptic; the English draft reads 'to encourage' but the full object is missing."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ : ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲛⲉⲩⲏ̄ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲏⲏ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲃⲁ : Ⲧⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲣ̄ⲁⲛⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ϯ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ • | Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄\nⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ̄ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϯ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ\nⲟⲩⲁⲛϯⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϣⲁⲛ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓ̈ⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲛⲟⲩϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲛⲧ̄ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ϣⲁϥϫⲉ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏ̄ϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ϯϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦\nⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ̈ ϭⲟⲗ ϫⲓ̈ ϣⲓ̈ⲡⲉ : Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛⲉϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲝⲓⲱ̄ⲙⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲑⲉ\nⲛⲧ ⲁⲛ̄ϣⲣⲡ̄ ϫⲟⲟⲥ : Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲉ̄ ⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ : ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ̄ ⲁ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ\nⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁ|ⲫⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ : ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • Ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲙⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ •","english":"The city of the king and the entire multitude, in the manner that he saved the Ninevites, while the multitude was making the sign of the twelve cubits. This is also the way that God commanded to give the city salvation from destruction. Then the archangel Michael answered, saying to Gesanthus, \"There is a sign among us in this city. If an antilogy of this kind occurs, let them bring the one who died and place him before the entire multitude of the city, and ask him, 'What happened to you?' And immediately he will speak the truth before the entire multitude. Therefore, let them bring the one who died and ask him, and I say that the truth will be revealed, and the liar will be put to shame.\" Then the king, when he heard these things from the archangel—but they did not know that it was Michael, but they said that he was a great dignitary of the king, as we first said. But the archangel is higher than any rank of this world. Therefore, the king commanded that they go to the tomb, bring him, and place him before him and the entire multitude that was gathered at its entrance. Michael the archangel stood before the king and the entire multitude of the city.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'city of the king' likely refers to the royal city of the unnamed king in the narrative, not a specific historical city. The mention of Nineveh (ⲛⲓⲛⲉⲩⲏ̄) evokes the biblical story of Jonah, a common typology in Coptic hagiography for divine mercy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is a fixed liturgical term for 'archangel'. Here it modifies Michael, who is identified as a protector of servants of the Lord (previous passage) and now speaks to Gesanthus, acting as a divine intermediary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in Christian Coptic texts. Here it refers to the God who commands the city's salvation, consistent with the monotheistic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲛⲉⲩⲏ̄","severity":"info","text":"The reference to the Ninevites (ⲛⲓⲛⲉⲩⲏ̄) alludes to the repentance of Nineveh in the book of Jonah (Jonah 3). This typology is common in Coptic literature to illustrate God's mercy and the power of repentance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛϯⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲛϯⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ (antilogy) is a Greek loanword meaning 'contradiction' or 'dispute'. In this context, it refers to a legal or theological controversy that the archangel's proposed test (raising a dead person) is meant to resolve.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲃⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'sign of the twelve cubits' (ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲃⲁ) is obscure. It may refer to a ritual gesture or measurement, but the Coptic text is ambiguous; the English draft interprets it as a sign made by the multitude, possibly a cross or other symbol.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'sign of the twelve cubits' (ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲃⲁ) is unclear; it may be a ritual gesture or a measurement, but the Coptic does not specify.","The identity of Gesanthus (ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ) is not explained in this passage; he may be a character introduced earlier in the narrative."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."}]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ\nⲉϥⲟ ⲛ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ\nⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛ[ⲛⲏⲥ] ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲁϫⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲱⲱⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲁϫⲓ̈[ⲥ] ⲧⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • Ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ϣⲏⲙ\nⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲡⲕⲱⲱⲥ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧ\nⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ⲁϫⲓ̈[ⲥ] ⲧⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲱϩⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ :\nⲠⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄","english":"He called to the small one among his youngest children, who was in the form of a general, saying, \"Daniel, the brother of John, come, my child, and tell me this matter: who is it that killed you? Tell the truth before the king and the entire multitude.\" The small child Daniel, one of those who were being tortured, arose and went to the matter. He took hold of his hand, saying, \"The man, inform me who it is that killed you. Tell the truth, do not leave any innocent blood unavenged, because of your opportunity.\"\n\nBut God, the good one, turned his soul inward into his body once more, for the sake of the salvation of the entire city.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek στρατηλάτης, 'general' or 'commander'. The child Daniel appears in the form of a general, a detail that may reflect a military or angelic hierarchy in the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ψυχή, here 'soul' as the life principle that God restores to the body. The phrase 'turned his soul inward into his body' indicates a resurrection or revivification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Greek σῶμα, 'body'. In this context, the body is the vessel to which the soul returns, consistent with resurrection narratives in Coptic martyrdom and apocryphal texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The child Daniel, one of the tortured, is called to identify his killer. The narrative emphasizes truth-telling before the king and multitude, and the demand for justice for innocent blood.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"God restores Daniel's soul to his body for the salvation of the entire city, echoing the Ninevite motif from the previous passage and linking individual resurrection to communal deliverance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'because of your opportunity' (ⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ) is ambiguous: it may mean 'because of your (i.e., the killer's) opportunity' or refer to a divine occasion. The Coptic leaves the referent unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the man' (ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ) addressed by Daniel is ambiguous: it could be the killer or the king. The phrase 'because of your opportunity' (ⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ) is syntactically unclear; the possessive 'your' may refer to the killer or to Daniel."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉ|ⲗⲟⲥ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲱⲛϩ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲙⲏ̄ϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲏ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲱ̄\nⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲧⲟⲗⲙⲁ ϩⲟⲗⲱⲥ ⲁⲕϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ\nⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈\nⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓ̈ϣ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲉ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲅⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ϯⲱⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ :\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲓⲃⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲟ (sic) ⲛⲥⲉⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥ|ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲥⲉ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁϥϫⲓ̈ⲧⲥ̄ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏ̄ϣⲉ\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏ︦ⲏ︦ⲧⲉ : ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲉⲡⲥ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲁ\nⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ\nⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ : ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ : ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ϣ[ⲱ]ⲡⲉ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲏⲩ (sic) ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ̄\nϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲟⲧⲃⲉϥ •","english":"and the king. And by the great power of God and the holy archangel Michael, the man came to life again. He cried out in the midst of the entire multitude, saying in a loud voice, \"Woe to you, O Gesanthus, because you dared at all to sit before the great general of the king of the heavens and the earth, the holy archangel Michael, who intercedes at all times for the whole race of men and the animals. And it is he who intercedes for the fruits of the earth until God sends the good rain down upon them, for the renewal of men and animals, and also for the renewal of all the blessed ones who praise God.\" The one who had come to life also said, \"Let the men go free, that they may be sanctified for me, and the archangel Michael will inform you of all the things that have happened to me.\" Immediately, the archangel appeared forth from his angelic glory, descending from on high, while everyone beheld him. And the soul of the man he took with him. Afterward, the archangel Michael spoke downward to the king and the multitude, saying, \"Behold, I have interceded with the Lord for the salvation of your soul and of this entire multitude of this city, on account of the young children. Therefore, let John and his brothers be honored by you, because you and your entire city have been saved on their account, and this other man whom you said had been killed.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'holy archangel Michael' is fixed in Coptic liturgy; here Michael is depicted as intercessor for humanity and the natural world, a role expanded in apocryphal texts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Gesanthus (Γεσάνθος) is a name otherwise unattested in Coptic hagiography; it may be a variant of Gesander or a local figure, possibly a persecutor in the narrative's martyrdom context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the resurrected man's direct speech to Michael's public declaration, marking a narrative climax where the archangel validates the miracle and intercedes for the city.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲥ̄ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the soul of the man he took with him' indicates Michael's role as psychopomp, escorting the soul after the man's temporary resurrection, consistent with angelic duties in Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ is ambiguous: it could be read as 'you have been saved' (2nd person singular) or 'you have saved' (active); the English draft takes the passive, but the active is grammatically possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈: ambiguous between 'you have been saved' (passive) and 'you have saved' (active); the context of Michael's speech favors the passive reading adopted in the draft.","ⲙ̄ⲟ (sic) in ⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲟ: likely a scribal error for ⲙⲙⲟⲓ̈ 'from me', as the draft renders; the text is corrupt here."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲟⲧⲃⲉϥ ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ̄ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲉⲣⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ : Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲁϥⲱ̄ⲗⲙ̄ (sic) ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲁϥϯⲡⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ [ⲉ] ϯ ⲡⲟⲗⲓ̈ⲥ ⲱ̄\nⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ̄ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ̄\nϩⲛ̄ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ̄ⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏ̄ⲧⲉ̄ ⲁ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ\nⲧⲁϩⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏ̄ⲧⲟⲩ • Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲩ ⲙ̄","english":"They did not kill him, but he died like everyone else at the hands of a kerastes. And the king, when his heart became troubled, arose and entered to John and his brothers, and he gave them his hand, saying, \"Blessed is the hour when you entered the city. O John and his brothers, I thought evil of you. Behold, great good has come to me because of them.\" And the king had them crowned.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲉⲣⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword κεραστής (kerastēs) is rare in Coptic; it may mean 'horned one' or 'mixer' (of wine). Here it likely refers to a type of snake or a demonic figure, but the sense is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The king's change of heart and crowning of John and his brothers echoes hagiographic conversion narratives common in Coptic encomia, where a ruler is moved by a miracle to honor Christian figures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative sequence of the resurrection miracle (previous passage) and transitions to the king's public acknowledgment, forming a typical three-part miracle scene: death, revival, royal reaction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲱ̄ⲗⲙ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥⲱ̄ⲗⲙ̄ is likely a scribal error for ⲁϥⲱⲗⲥ̄ (he entered) or ⲁϥⲱⲗⲡ̄ (he revealed); the intended reading is uncertain, though the context suggests 'he entered'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This discourse is preserved only in Coptic and Ethiopic manuscripts; the Ethiopic version (dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse) may clarify the corrupt passage, but no critical edition exists.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'kerastes' (horned creature or snake) is ambiguous; the Coptic text does not specify whether it is a literal animal or a symbolic figure.","The verb ⲁϥⲱ̄ⲗⲙ̄ is corrupt; the intended reading may be 'entered' or 'revealed', affecting the king's action."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"ⲡⲉϥⲡⲁⲗⲗⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲁⲩⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁϣⲉ : ϣⲁ\nⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ : Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ • Ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟ[ⲩ]ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁϩⲉⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ : Ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ • ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲥⲥⲏϩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • Ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ϩⲛ̄ | ⲧⲉⲛⲇⲓⲕⲏ\nⲉϥⲧⲟⲗⲙⲁ ⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲣⲟ ⲛ ⲛⲉϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲡϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲉⲧⲉ :\nⲞⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲁϥⲧⲁϩⲟⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ : ⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲛ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲥⲟⲕⲛ̄ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲛⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ : ⲉ̄\nⲁϥⲁⲁⲛ ⲛⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟ ϩⲓ̈ ϩⲟ : ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ\nⲧⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲕⲱⲱⲥ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲥⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲛ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲕⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲟⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ ⲛϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲉϩⲓ̈ⲏ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ\nϣⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ •","english":"his palladion and the whole city, for they were clothed. They became joyful with great joy until the completion of seven days. The king said to John, \"Speak, and we will all listen to you.\" John said to the king, \"Write an epistle to the feet of the king of the Romans, Constantine, that he may send us an archbishop to consecrate us and the whole city, and that he may give us those who will see to the salvation of our souls.\" Gesanthos the king wrote an epistle to the feet of Constantine, the king of the Romans, written in this manner: \"Gesanthos, who is called king in the district, dares to write to the feet of the great king of the Romans, Constantine, the servant of Jesus Christ, greetings. For a great grace has established us through God the Good, for he remembered us and brought us out of the darkness of the service of idols. He drew us to himself through the prayers of his great archangel Michael, for he made us worthy to see him face to face, and he caused the dead to speak with us again after he had become silent, and he ascended in glory for us all to see. Therefore we entreat your lordship to send us one of the great bishops, that he may be near you and shine light upon us also in the straight faith, and that he may teach us the way to go to God in heart.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲗⲗⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲗⲗⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ (palladion) refers to a protective image or standard, often of a saint or deity, carried in procession. Here it is linked with the city's adornment, suggesting a civic or religious emblem.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The letter from Gesanthos to Constantine echoes the historical pattern of provincial rulers seeking ecclesiastical authority from the emperor. Constantine I (r. 306–337) was the first Christian Roman emperor, and such requests for an archbishop reflect the post-Constantinian church-state relationship.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'darkness of the service of idols' echoes biblical language contrasting light/truth with idolatry, e.g., 1 John 1:5–6 and the Old Testament polemic against idol worship. It is a common trope in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative (the king's speech) to epistolary form (the letter's content), introduced by ⲉⲥⲥⲏϩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ ('written in this manner'). The letter itself is a formal petition, a common device in apocryphal acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The figure of Gesanthos, a local ruler who converts and writes to Constantine, appears in Coptic and Ethiopic traditions as part of the cycle of the apostle John. This episode is preserved in the Ethiopic manuscript tradition (cf. dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the dead one' (ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific deceased person (perhaps the kerastes from the previous passage) or be a generic reference. The text says he spoke again after silence, suggesting a resurrection miracle, but the antecedent is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the dead one' (ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ) who speaks again is not specified; it may be the kerastes or another figure.","The phrase 'ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲛⲇⲓⲕⲏ' (in the district) is a Greek loan (ἐνδικία) whose precise administrative sense in this context is uncertain; it likely denotes a local jurisdiction."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ → “grace”. The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲣⲣⲟ","text":"ⲣⲣⲟ → “king”. The native Coptic word; ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ is the Greek loan and tends to be the title of a foreign or biblical king."}]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ • ⲕⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲗⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲉ︦ⲟ︦ⲟⲩ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ\nⲙ ⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ\nⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲏ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲣ̄\nϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ ⲧⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ •","english":"and he will give us the holy seal. For if you do what is good with us, you will receive a crown of glory before the true king, Christ, because of this matter. The king, who is a friend of God, with the power of God and with great zeal, sent his scribes to Constantinople. He brought them, and when he brought them, he read them and marveled even more at the great philanthropy of God and the goodness of the archangel Michael.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' (the king, friend of God) uses ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ without the definite article, but the context and the following 'ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' (with article) show the Christian God is meant; the epithet echoes Constantine's title 'philotheos'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is named with the fixed Coptic rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ; his goodness (ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ) is praised, consistent with his role as protector in Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The king sends scribes to Constantinople, the imperial capital; this reflects the legendary correspondence between a local king and Constantine I, a common motif in Coptic apocrypha about the founding of churches.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative of the king's response to John's request, moving from the king's speech to his action of sending scribes; the marvel at God's philanthropy and Michael's goodness provides a doxological close.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The 'holy seal' likely refers to baptism or the seal of the Holy Spirit, a standard Coptic usage; the king promises to obtain it from the archbishop to be sent by Constantine.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic 'he brought them' and 'when he brought them' is repetitive; the text may be corrupt or reflect a scribal dittography. The sense is clear: the king received the scribes and read their writings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the king' is not specified in this passage; from context he is the local ruler who earlier spoke with John.","The phrase 'ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' could be read as a title or a description; the translation 'friend of God' is conventional."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲃⲁⲓ̈ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲭⲏ • ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈\nϣⲁ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲫⲉⲥⲟⲥ :\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ Ϩⲁⲑⲏ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ\nϯⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲓϫ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲭⲁⲓⲣⲉⲧⲉ • Ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲁϥⲡⲱϩ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ | ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲛϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϣⲁ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲓⲱⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲕⲉⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲕ • Ⲁⲣⲓⲥ ϭⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲅ̄ⲃⲓ\nϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲛⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲏ • ⲛⲅ̄\nⲣ̄ ⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲏϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ̄ ⲉⲧ ϫⲁϩⲙ̄\nⲉⲕⲑⲁⲣⲓ̈ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲓ̈ⲥⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲙ\nⲛ̄ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • Ⲁⲣⲓⲥ ϭⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲡ̄ ϩⲓⲥⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲁⲇⲁⲙ : ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁⲣⲇⲓⲝ ⲙ̄ ⲡ︤ⲛ︥ⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲕⲁⲑⲩⲅⲓ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲑⲉⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲧ\nⲙⲉϩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ | ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϯ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ : ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲁ\nⲉⲥϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲓ̈ⲁⲥ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ •","english":"And with great diligence he hastened; he wrote to the great John, the archbishop of Ephesus. Now when he wrote this letter, first of all I greet your holy hands, which have touched the holy flesh of the Son of God, Christ. For a great joy has reached us from God, the true Lord Jesus Christ. And we too, behold, we have sent that joy to your fatherhood, so that you may rejoice even more with us. Therefore, act now for the sake of God; endure a little hardship; go to the city of Dikais; comfort those who dwell in it with the teaching of Christ; bring them out of the service of the idols which are dark; purify them with all your heart, for your labor will not be in vain; rather, it will become for you a crown of glory before the great king, Christ. Therefore, act now for the sake of Christ, who suffered for the whole race of Adam; trouble yourself; go; comfort them with your spiritual garden; and instruct them with the words of your holy theology, which is filled with the Holy Spirit; give them the holy seal which is in Christ; baptize them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, the holy Trinity which is in one essence, and the one essence which is in the holy Trinity, of one substance.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names the Christian God, as in the phrase 'Son of God' (ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ here renders 'Lord' as a title of Christ, consistent with homiletic usage; the everyday sense 'master' is not intended.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The baptismal formula echoes Matthew 28:19, a standard trinitarian invocation in Coptic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲫⲉⲥⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"John, archbishop of Ephesus, is likely John of Ephesus (c. 507–586), a Syriac historian and Miaphysite leader. The letter's attribution to a 'great' archbishop reinforces the work's pseudo-Severan milieu.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓⲥ ϭⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated exhortation 'act now' (ⲁⲣⲓⲥ ϭⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ) marks a rhetorical shift from praise to command, structuring the letter as a call to missionary action.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ ('of one substance') affirms Nicene orthodoxy, a key term in Miaphysite Christology, consistent with the work's Severan attribution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The city name ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲛⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲏ is uncertain; it may be a place name or a descriptive phrase ('the city of righteousness'). The English draft reads 'Dikais' as a proper name.","The phrase ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁⲣⲇⲓⲝ ⲙ̄ ⲡ︤ⲛ︥ⲓⲕⲟⲛ ('your spiritual garden') is metaphorical; its precise referent (a community, a text, or a teaching) is ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":32,"ref":"p32","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲓ̈\nⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ : Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ\nⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲏ ϣⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲫⲉⲥⲟⲥ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲟϣⲟⲩ\nⲁϥⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ̄ϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ : ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲉ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲓ̈ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲛ̄ⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ : ⲙⲛ̄ | ϣⲟⲙⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲏⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ (sic) ⲛ̄ⲫⲓⲗⲟⲡⲱⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ϣⲙ̄ϣⲓⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟϥⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲙⲛ̄ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲡⲟⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ϩⲁⲧ ⲉⲩⲭⲣⲩⲥⲥⲟⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ : ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲡⲡⲁ ⲛⲓⲉ̄ⲡ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄: ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲥⲙⲁ\nⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲗⲟⲥⲩⲣⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ : ϩⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ ⲡⲥⲟϥⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ : Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ̄\nⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲙⲏⲛⲉⲩⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲣⲣⲟ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄: ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱ̄ϣⲧ̄ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ •","english":"And this will be for you a glory before Christ Jesus and his holy angels. The Emperor Constantine sent the letter with haste to the archbishop of Ephesus. And when he received them, he rejoiced greatly in the Holy Spirit over the gift of God the Pantocrator, and the conversion of the city to God through the intercessions of the holy archangel Michael. And immediately the archbishop took with him a deacon, two presbyters, a reader, three psalmists, twelve philoponoi, and other servants. And he took with him all the equipment of the baptismal font and the sanctuary: a gold table, four silver chalices gilded with gold, gold censers, a gold paten of choice bread, silk veils, and his four gospels, the Acts, and the Apostle. In short, all the equipment of the sanctuary. And they prayed to the Lord and set out joyfully. When they entered the city, they announced the archbishop to the emperor. And the emperor and the entire multitude of the city came out to meet him. They worshipped him and received a blessing from his hand.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ (king) here refers to the Emperor Constantine, consistent with the native term for a ruler; the Greek loan ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ is not used.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (archbishop) is the title for the patriarch of Alexandria in Coptic tradition; here it designates the bishop of Ephesus, a usage reflecting the text's later ecclesiastical hierarchy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲫⲓⲗⲟⲡⲱⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲫⲓⲗⲟⲡⲱⲛⲟⲥ (philoponoi) refers to lay volunteers in liturgical service, a term well-attested in late antique Egyptian Christianity; the number twelve here may be symbolic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of liturgical equipment—gold table, chalices, censers, paten, veils, gospels, Acts, and Apostle—reflects the standard inventory of a late antique sanctuary, as known from Coptic church inventories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from epistolary narrative to a detailed inventory of the archbishop's retinue and sanctuary equipment, a common hagiographic trope emphasizing imperial and ecclesiastical munificence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲏⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The numeral ⲙⲏⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ (twelve) is written with an apparent scribal error (sic in the edition); the intended reading is clear from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (the conversion of the city) could also be read as 'the return of the city'; the context of rejoicing over a gift and intercessions supports the sense of conversion.","The identity of the 'other servants' (ⲕⲉ ϣⲙ̄ϣⲓⲧ) is unspecified; they may be minor clergy or lay assistants."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ → “presbyter”. Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (priest, elder); this passage takes it as “presbyter”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “apostle”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":33,"ref":"p33","source":"Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ: | Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ\nⲡϣⲏⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ϯ ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓ̈ⲥⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ • Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲛⲁ ⲛⲁⲛ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ϩⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϯⲙⲏ :-Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ\nⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲗⲗⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲕⲉⲧ\nⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • Ⲙⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ\nϩⲁⲑⲏ ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ • Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ ⲉⲩⲕⲱⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲣⲏⲩ ⲛϥ︦ⲣ︦ ϣⲁⲩ ⲛⲅ̄\nⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ : Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟ|ⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ : ⲁϥⲣⲁⲛⲁϥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲓ\nⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲙⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϫⲟ ⲉⲩϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲉϣⲣ̄ϣⲱⲟⲩ (sic) • Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲩⲣⲓⲥⲥⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ϩⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ϩⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ","english":"And the king himself received a blessing from the archbishop. The archbishop, when he saw John, immediately greeted him and said to him, \"Welcome, the good tree that bears fruit in the paradise of the teaching.\" The king then related to the archbishop the whole matter that had happened through John and his brothers, saying, \"Because of this, and his brothers, God has given to us.\" And in this manner he went into the city with great honor. The king then entreated him and took him into the palace, saying, \"There is not yet a church in the city.\" The archbishop did not refuse, but said to the king, \"Let us build a church before all things.\" The king said to the archbishop, \"My father, I have a new place that is being built. Come, see its gate. Perhaps it will be suitable for you to make it a church.\" The archbishop then went with the king. The archbishop examined it, and it was a small place for a chariot in the middle. He gave orders to enlarge it. The king then proclaimed throughout the whole city at once, so that everyone might gather together at once.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ can mean either 'bless' or 'praise'. Here the king receives a blessing from the archbishop, so the object is a person, consistent with the glossary rule.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek καρπός, 'fruit', is used in homiletic allegory for a virtue or work. The archbishop calls John 'the good tree that bears fruit in the paradise of the teaching', so 'fruit' here likely refers to John's virtuous deeds or apostolic labor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The word ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ appears twice: first in the king's statement that there is no church in the city, and then in the archbishop's proposal to build one. In both cases it refers to the building, consistent with the glossary's contextual rule.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The conversion of a city and the building of a church under imperial patronage reflect a common hagiographic topos in Coptic literature, often associated with the emperor Constantine and the archbishop of Alexandria. The narrative here echoes the legendary accounts of Constantine's role in Christianizing cities.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the king and the archbishop, with the king receiving a blessing, the archbishop greeting John, and then a discussion about building a church. The structural classification as 'dialogue' is confirmed by the direct speech markers (ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲉϣⲣ̄ϣⲱⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲉϣⲣ̄ϣⲱⲟⲩ is problematic: ⲉϣⲣ̄ϣⲱⲟⲩ may be a scribal error or a rare form. The English draft renders it as 'He gave orders to enlarge it', which is a plausible interpretation, but the Coptic is not fully clear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲉϣⲣ̄ϣⲱⲟⲩ is uncertain; the reading 'enlarge it' is adopted from the English draft.","The identity of 'John' (ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ) is not specified in this passage; he may be a local Christian leader or a missionary figure, but the text does not clarify."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ → “church”. The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ → “fruit”. Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."}]},{"i":34,"ref":"p34","source":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲕⲉ\nϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛⲉϥⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲛ ⲡⲉⲩⲃⲉⲕⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲁⲩϫⲉⲕ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ϫⲟⲩⲧⲁⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲁϥϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲉⲛ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉⲟⲇⲟⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ • Ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ⲙⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ :\nⲠⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲧⲱⲛ : ⲛⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲕⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲅⲁⲣ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲩⲑⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ :-| Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱ̄ϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ\nⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ : ⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ϯⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲁ\nⲡⲉⲓ̈ⲏⲃⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ϯϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲥ̄ⲙⲏ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛ︤ⲓ︦ⲙ︥ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟϣϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : ⲱ̄\nⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ : Ⲙⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲧⲙϥ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲕⲩⲣⲓⲥⲥⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲗⲓ̈ⲙⲛⲏ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲱ\nⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲟⲃⲉ : Ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲗⲓ̈ⲙⲓⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"All work, whether archon or rich man or poor, up to the king himself, they work with their own hands, as they know that they will receive their reward through Christ. And through the will of God, they completed the church in ninety days. The archbishop then consecrated the place in the name of the holy Theotokos Mary. When the archbishop saw the multitude that wished to receive baptism, he said to the king, \"I will not baptize this multitude now, for there is no longer a church in the city that has a baptismal font within it.\" The wise John, more than the others, answered, saying to the archbishop and the king, \"The lake of water that is to the north of the city, I say that it is the one that will receive this honor.\" And immediately a voice came from the sky, which everyone who heard it, saying, \"This is what was ordained by God: O wise John, son of the apostles.\" The archbishop and the king rejoiced greatly at what they heard. And they proclaimed that the whole city should gather at the lake of water to receive the remission of their sins. The archbishop then went to the lake of water.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (archbishop) in Coptic tradition designates the patriarch of Alexandria, not a mere metropolitan. The narrative uses it consistently for the presiding bishop.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ (baptism) is the ritual of initiation; the passage highlights the need for a baptismal font (ⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲩⲑⲣⲁ), a fixed structure in a church, which is lacking.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The 'lake of water' (ⲧⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ) north of the city serves as an improvised baptismal site. This reflects a practical solution in early Christian contexts where natural water bodies were used for baptism when no church font existed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"John is called 'wise' (ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ) and 'son of the apostles' (ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ), a title that elevates him to apostolic authority. This reflects the hagiographic tendency in Coptic apocrypha to idealize figures as direct heirs of the apostles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (completion of church, consecration) to dialogue (archbishop's refusal to baptize, John's proposal) and then to a theophany (voice from heaven). This tripartite structure is typical of Coptic miracle stories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲕⲩⲣⲓⲥⲥⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The verb ⲁⲩⲕⲩⲣⲓⲥⲥⲉ (they proclaimed) is a Greek loanword (κηρύσσω) but the Coptic spelling is irregular; it may reflect a scribal variant or a phonetic spelling. The sense is clear: a public announcement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ could mean 'everyone who heard it' or 'everyone who heard her' (the voice is feminine in Coptic, ⲥⲙⲏ). The translation takes it as 'it' (the voice).","The location of the lake 'to the north of the city' (ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ⲏⲃⲧ̄) is specific but not further identified; it may be a real or symbolic site."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ → “Mary”. The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}]},{"i":35,"ref":"p35","source":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ\nⲡⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ : Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲗⲓ̈ⲙⲛⲏ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁ|ⲝⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲱϣ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ : Ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ\nⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲡⲱϩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭⲛⲟϭ (sic)\nⲛ̄ⲭⲟⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϩⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓ̈ⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ : Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ ⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ : ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈\nⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϥⲛⲁϫⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ :Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ : Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲃⲟϭⲟⲩ","english":"He made all the preparation according to the canon of the church. Afterwards he prayed over the font, while the deacon stood by him according to all the regulations of the baptismal pool. A great miracle occurred at that time. When they came to the consecration, the entire multitude heard a great chorus in the air above them, responding after the consecration with the archbishop. Afterwards a voice cried out, saying, \"He who will receive baptism in this water will receive the remission of his former sins.\" When the archbishop had completed the holy prayers, he commanded the entire multitude to bow down.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ here refers to the liturgical or disciplinary rule of the church, not a biblical canon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ (from Greek κολυμβήθρα) designates the baptismal pool or font, distinct from ⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ (basin).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ ... ϥⲛⲁϫⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The voice echoes Acts 2:38 (remission of sins through baptism) and Mark 1:4, common in baptismal catechesis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The description of the deacon assisting and the multitude hearing a heavenly chorus reflects late antique Egyptian baptismal liturgy, as attested in the Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990026076390203941"]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms the climax of the baptismal narrative: preparation, prayer, miraculous sign, proclamation, and command to bow.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟϭⲛⲟϭ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲟϭⲛⲟϭ is a reduplicated form of ⲛⲟϭ (great), likely a scribal error or intensifier; the translation 'great chorus' is plausible but uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲛⲟϭⲛⲟϭ may be a scribal reduplication or a corruption; the sense 'great chorus' is adopted.","ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲝⲉ (prostaxe) could mean 'command' or 'stand by'; here taken as 'stood by'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ → “pray”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":36,"ref":"p36","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲧⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ : ⲁ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϯ ⲛⲁⲩ | ⲛ ϯⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ̄\nⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲉ\nⲛ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲁϥⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲁⲩⲱ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲉ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤[ⲧ︥] ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲭⲓⲗⲗⲁⲥ ⲁϥⲡⲟϣⲛϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲉⲗⲗ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ϯ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱⲡ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁ\nⲛⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲁϩⲧⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ : Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲃⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲟⲥ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ\nⲁϥⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲉⲣⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲥ : | Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲏⲡ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ̈\nⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲏ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ:\nⲚⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲑⲩⲥⲓ̈ⲁ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ\nϯⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈ •","english":"down to the pool, all of them received baptism. And they were crying out, saying, \"We baptize in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.\" And when the king and the entire multitude received baptism, the archbishop gave them the peace. They gathered in the church. The archbishop then shaved the head of John, he ordained him as bishop, and his other three brothers he ordained as presbyters. And also the king had a son there, whose name was Achillas, he appointed him as deacon. The entire multitude, they were all placed under the Lord. And they were saying, \"Look, see this stranger who came to the city, how they received him; now all of us, behold, he sits near the archbishop, and he is a father to this entire multitude.\" Then the archbishop took care of the offering, he raised it up onto the altar, he offered it. The king and the entire multitude were amazed, because they were not accustomed to this kind of thing, nor had they ever seen such zeal. For this was the first time that an offering was raised up in that region. And the archbishop gathered them all together, he gave them the peace, and each one went to their homes.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archbishop here is the patriarch of Alexandria, who presides over baptism and ordination. The term is fixed in the glossary for this edition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The three brothers are ordained as presbyters, the clerical order below bishop. The glossary renders this as 'presbyter' to distinguish it from 'elder'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Achillas, the king's son, is appointed as deacon, a liturgical office. The glossary specifies 'deacon' for this context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ (from Greek χειροτονέω) denotes ordination by laying on of hands, a standard practice in early Egyptian church orders.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the baptismal narrative and transitions to ordination and the first Eucharist in the region, marked by the phrase 'first time' (ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲡ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ordination of a king's son as deacon and the mass conversion echo hagiographic topoi in Coptic literature, possibly reflecting the ideal of a Christianized kingdom.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'they were all placed under the Lord' (ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲉⲗⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) is ambiguous: it may mean they were subjected to the Lord or that they were entrusted to the Lord; the translation 'placed under' follows the sense of submission.","The identity of 'this stranger' (ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ) is unclear from the immediate context; it likely refers to John, the newly ordained bishop, but could also be the archbishop."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ → “deacon”. The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."}]},{"i":37,"ref":"p37","source":"Ⲙⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥⲣ̄\nⲟⲩⲉⲃⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲩⲅⲓ̈\nⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲙⲏⲏⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲱϣ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲁ : Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲧⲟϥ ⲉ\nⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲏⲛⲏ :-Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲙⲏⲏ̄ϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲙ̄\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲥ : Ⲡϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁ|ⲣⲉⲛ\nⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄","english":"After this, he spent forty days in that city, instructing them continually, and he taught them the entire order of the church. After these things, he returned to his city in peace. The king Gesanthus and the entire multitude of the city were glorifying John and his brothers, and they were progressing in the teaching of the Lord. Within a few days, the holy bishop John said to the king, \"Let us build a church in the name of the holy archangel Michael, for it is he who saved us all.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he spent forty days' echoes the biblical forty-day periods (e.g., Moses on Sinai, Christ in the wilderness), marking a time of instruction and preparation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ appears twice: first as 'the order of the church' (institutional sense), then as a building to be constructed. The context decides the rendering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is named as the patron of the proposed church, consistent with his role as protector in Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲅⲉⲥⲁⲛⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"King Gesanthus is not a known historical figure; the name may derive from Greek or legendary sources, typical of apocryphal narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⲙⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲥⲱⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with 'After this' and later 'After these things', marking a clear narrative sequence of events: instruction, return, glorification, and proposal to build a church.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'holy bishop' for John reflects the veneration of John as a saint in Coptic tradition, likely linked to the legendary figure John of the Golden Gospel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990022347880203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'John' and his brothers is not specified in the text; they may be legendary figures from the Pseudo-Severus cycle.","The location of the city and the king Gesanthus are not historically attested."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":38,"ref":"p38","source":"ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲕ̄ⲟⲩⲁϣϥ̄\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲣⲓϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ • Ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩ ⲧⲥ︤ⲛ︥ⲧⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉⲩϯ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ\nⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲏ ⲁϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉⲥⲗⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲉⲃⲟⲧ • Ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲁϥϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲁϥⲕⲁⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁ ⲉ\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ • ⲉⲣⲉ | ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲁ ⲡϣⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲡⲗⲟⲩⲛ • ⲡϣⲁ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉϥⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓ̈ⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ\nⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲁⲩϣⲣ̄ϣⲱⲣϥ̄\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲗⲙⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲍⲉⲩⲥ ⲁⲩⲣⲟⲕϩϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲉⲧ ϭⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ ⲱϣ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲑⲗⲓⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲱ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ\nⲁⲕⲛⲟϫⲧ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱϩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ\nⲧⲣⲉⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ ⲗⲁⲙⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉϫⲱⲥ : Ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ | ⲙ̄ (sic) ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ •","english":"Through his prayers, the king said to him, \"Everything that you wish, O father, do it, and we will listen to you.\" The holy bishop John then established the order of the holy church, and all the people of the city rejoiced with him, giving him a hand in every work that he would command them. And with great zeal, he completed the church in every work, and he consecrated it on the eighth of the month of Hathor. The holy bishop John consecrated it in the name of the holy archangel Michael, having dedicated it on that day of the consecration, the twelfth of the month of Hathor, with all the people of the city gathered at it. Then the feast became for them a double feast: the feast of its establishment and the consecration together in his new church. And after the consecration, the holy bishop John went to the temple with the king and the entire multitude of the city, and they destroyed it, and they burned the statue of Zeus. And the demon that was dwelling in the idol cried out, saying, \"You have greatly troubled me, O John; you have cast me out of my dwelling place.\" And the king had a splendid church built in the place of the temple, and he had it named after the twelve apostles. The holy John turned everyone to the right faith, and everyone glorified God through him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ (the right faith) uses the Greek loanword πίστις, which in this context denotes orthodox Christian belief rather than faithfulness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The double feast (ⲇⲓⲡⲗⲟⲩⲛ) combining the establishment and consecration of a church reflects a known Coptic liturgical practice, where the founding of a church and its consecration were often celebrated together.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The destruction of a temple and burning of a statue of Zeus, followed by the construction of a church named after the twelve apostles, parallels hagiographic topoi in which Christian saints triumph over pagan cults, as seen in other Coptic martyrdom and apocryphal acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage gives two dates: the consecration on the eighth of Hathor and a dedication on the twelfth of Hathor. This double dating may reflect a liturgical calendar or a textual conflation; the Coptic month Hathor corresponds to October–November.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from the king's permission, through church construction and consecration, to temple destruction and conversion of the populace, forming a narrative arc typical of apostolic foundation stories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a scribal repetition: ⲙ̄ | ⲙ̄ (sic) before ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ, likely a dittography. The English draft omits this, smoothing the reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉⲥⲗⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲉⲃⲟⲧ is ambiguous: it could mean 'he gave its consecration on the eighth of the month' or 'he gave its consecration of eight months'; the context supports the former, reading ⲛ̄ⲉⲃⲟⲧ as 'of the month'.","The identity of the 'holy bishop John' is not specified in the passage; he may be John the Evangelist or a later bishop, but the text does not clarify."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":39,"ref":"p39","source":"Ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛ̄ⲛⲏⲥ ⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϯ\nⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ : ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲉϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • Ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲇⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ ⲡⲣϥ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲓ̈ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ :\nⲦⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲏ ⲛⲉⲥϯ ⲉⲡⲁⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛ̄ⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲁϣⲏ","english":"Constantine the king, when he heard about all the things that John was doing, gave glory to God greatly. He wrote an epistle to him, entreating him in it to bless him and his entire kingdom. He also called him in it \"a new Daniel, the destroyer of the idols.\" The region of the righteous one was filled with joy all the days of the holy John the bishop through his teaching.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ can mean either 'bless' or 'praise'. Here, with the object ⲣⲟϥ (him, i.e., the king) and the context of a request, the sense is 'bless'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'a new Daniel' alludes to the biblical Daniel (Dan 1–6), who destroyed the idol Bel and exposed the priests' deception (Dan 14). The comparison casts John as a champion against idolatry.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine the king is likely Constantine the Great (r. 306–337), the first Christian Roman emperor. His portrayal here as a supporter of John aligns with hagiographic traditions that depict him as a patron of orthodox bishops.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the region of the righteous one' (ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲏ) shifts the focus from the king's response to the collective joy of the community, marking a narrative transition from individual action to communal reception.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a royal epistle requesting a bishop's blessing appears in other Coptic hagiographies, such as the Life of Hilaria, reflecting a literary topos of imperial deference to holy men.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲏ could be read as 'the region of the righteous one' (referring to John) or 'the righteous region'; the English draft takes it as a reference to John.","The phrase ⲛⲉⲥϯ ⲉⲡⲁⲛⲁⲓ (was filled with joy) is idiomatic; the subject is ambiguous between the region and the people."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":40,"ref":"p40","source":"ⲛ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ̄ⲛⲉⲣⲅⲓ̈ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ϭⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲓⲙ̄ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ : | Ϥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲛⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈\nⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲓ̈ⲥ ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲙⲃⲁⲕⲟⲩⲙ • ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲓ\nⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ :-Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϣⲧⲉⲕⲟ ⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲁϥⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲉ̄\nⲃⲟⲗ :-Ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲉⲕ\nⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲃⲱⲕ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ • Ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ ϣⲁ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • Ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ : ⲉ̄ⲣⲉ ⲧⲛⲟϭ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲩⲅⲏ ⲛ ⲉⲇⲉⲙ • ⲧⲁⲩⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲉⲣⲟ • Ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϯⲟⲩⲱ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ Ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲣⲉ |\nⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏ̄ⲣϥ̄ ϩⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟϥ\nⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲣⲉϭⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙ\nⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲟⲧⲛⲉⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁⲥⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲉⲓⲃ •","english":"of the wonders that God works through him. You have seen then, O my beloved, the great goodness of God and the great boldness of the holy archangel Michael, how he is with everyone who fears the Lord and keeps his commandments. For our father Daniel says, \"There is no one who stands with me except Michael the archon.\" And again, \"The angel of the Lord seized Habakkum, brought him to Babylon with the dish in his hand, and took him to the den of lions, and gave the dish to Daniel.\" He also said in the Acts, \"The angel of the Lord opened the doors of the prison at night and brought Peter out.\" The holy archangel Michael ministers to each of the martyrs until they complete their struggle, and then they go to the heavens in glory. Through the intercessions of Michael, the sun shines upon the whole world. Through the intercessions of Michael, the great spring of Eden pours its water down upon its river of the four streams. Through the intercessions of Michael, the earth gives its fruit. Through the intercession of Michael, the whole world is reconciled to God again, and it is he who saves everyone from the snare of the devil. We find the intercession of Michael in the order of the work of the hands. We find the compassion of the archangel in the gentleness of the calf and the running of the goats.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article marks ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ as God, the Christian deity, consistent with homiletic usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders the divine name; in this homily it refers to Christ, as typical in Coptic liturgical texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The citation 'There is no one who stands with me except Michael the archon' is not biblical; it likely derives from Daniel apocrypha or hagiographic expansions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The angel of the Lord seizing Habakkuk and bringing him to Babylon echoes Bel and the Dragon (Dan 14:33–39 LXX), a deuterocanonical addition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The angel opening the prison doors for Peter is from Acts 12:6–11, though the Coptic text attributes it to 'the Acts' (ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ), likely the Acts of the Apostles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Michael's role as intercessor for martyrs and cosmic mediator (sun, rivers, fruit) reflects late antique Coptic angelology, especially in the Pseudo-Severus corpus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ' could be read as 'except Michael the archon' or 'after Michael the archon'; the context supports the former.","The source of the Daniel citation is uncertain; it may be from a lost apocryphon or a local hagiographic tradition."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Address to the congregation: the homily turns from exposition to direct speech (a vocative, an imperative). The English keeps the second person rather than smoothing it into description."}]},{"i":41,"ref":"p41","source":"Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲣⲧ̄\nⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲁⲙⲡⲉ Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲥⲱϣⲉ • Ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲛ̄ϣⲏⲛ ϯⲟⲩⲱ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲫⲣⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲣⲡ̄ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟⲧ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲗⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄","english":"We find the intercession of Michael in the abundance of the fruit of the field. We find the intercession of the archangel in the abundance of all the fruits of the meadow. Through the intercession of Michael, the trees give forth their fruit. We find the intercession of Michael in the planting of the vine, in the joy of the wine. We find the intercession of Michael in the delight of the garden and the orchard of the lords. We find the intercession","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, not literal produce.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Archangel; here Michael, whose intercession is the passage's theme. The rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"The anaphoric repetition 'We find the intercession of Michael' (four times) structures the passage as a liturgical litany, reinforcing Michael's universal agency.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The vine and wine imagery (ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ, ⲏⲣⲡ) evokes Eucharistic and festal contexts common in Coptic homilies on Michael.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲗⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'delight of the garden and the orchard of the lords' is ambiguous: ⲕⲛ̄ⲛⲉ may mean 'garden' or 'plantation'; ⲉϩⲗⲟϭ is rare, possibly 'orchard' or 'vineyard'. The translation follows the draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲕⲛ̄ⲛⲉ and ⲡⲉϩⲗⲟϭ are hapax legomena in this text; their precise referents (garden vs. orchard) are uncertain.","The English draft breaks off mid-sentence; the Coptic continues with another 'We find the intercession' clause, but the full extent is unclear from the passage alone."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":42,"ref":"p42","source":"ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ |\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϫⲏⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲧ ϩⲛ̄ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ⲉϥⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲱⲗ ⲉ\nⲡϫⲓⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲁⲗⲁⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲓ̈ϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛ̄ⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲱⲧⲣ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲟⲛ • ⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲡⲁⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ • ⲉϥⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ϯⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲉϥⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ⲉϥϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ: Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲕⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉϥϯ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲥⲟⲟⲩϩⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲉϥ ⲉϥⲟ (sic) ⲛ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ | ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ ⲉ̄ⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲅⲛⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ• ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩⲟ̄ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲁ • Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉϥⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲧⲛⲉⲥ ⲛⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲥⲉ ⲉϥϯ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲁⲩ :\nⲦⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓⲁ\nⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲑⲗⲓⲃⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ : Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ •","english":"of Michael in the dew of man, and his rest at night. We find the intercession of Michael in the ships that sail on the sea, calming the waters. We find the intercession of the archangel in the flight of the birds and those who walk on the earth. We find the intercession of Michael in the marriage of the monks, who bear their children in blessing. We find the intercession of Michael in the war that strikes down the impious, establishing peace, saving the righteous. We find the intercession of Michael among brothers together, he being in their midst. We find the intercession of Michael among the ascetics in the mountains, giving them strength. We find the intercession of Michael in the assembly of monks, he being peaceful in their midst together. We find the intercession of the archangel in the prayer of the bishops and the presbyters and the deacons upon the holy altar. We find the intercession of Michael in the voice of the readers and the psalmists, as they chant their hymns in the church. We find the intercession of Michael, he being gentle to those in distress, giving them strength. We find the intercession of the archangel, he being a help to those who are oppressed in the courts. We find the intercession of Michael, he being a rest for those in punishment.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ is rendered 'presbyters' here, following the glossary rule for clerical order. The English draft uses 'presbyters' consistently.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ is rendered 'monks' in the English draft. The glossary fixes this term for the monastic office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲙⲟⲩ in the phrase ⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'in blessing'. Per glossary, ⲥⲙⲟⲩ covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; here the object is the children, so 'blessing' is correct.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ is rendered 'the dew of man' in the English draft, but the Coptic is ambiguous: ϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ may mean 'dew' or 'sweat', and ⲣⲱⲙⲉ could be 'man' or 'humanity'. The reading 'dew of man' is adopted, but 'sweat of man' is possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛ̄ ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲟⲛ is rendered 'of the monks' in the English draft, but the word is uncertain; it may be a variant of ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲟⲥ (monk) or a scribal error. The reading follows the draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a litany of 'We find the intercession of Michael' (Ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ), repeated with variations. This rhetorical pattern is typical of Coptic encomiastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ is ambiguous: 'dew of man' or 'sweat of man'.","The word ⲛ̄ ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲟⲛ is uncertain; it may be a variant of ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲟⲥ (monk) or a scribal error.","The Coptic ⲉϥⲟ (sic) in the phrase ⲉϥ ⲉϥⲟ (sic) ⲛ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ is a scribal duplication; the intended reading is ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ ('he being peaceful')."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":43,"ref":"p43","source":"Ϩⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ ϥ̄ϯ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲛⲓⲙ ⲅⲁⲣ ϩⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ\nⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ\nⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲙⲟⲩ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • | Ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲱϣ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲉⲓⲥ","english":"Simply, those who are alive, he gives them strength in their distress. And those who are dead, he comforts them, so that God may have mercy on them. For among all the righteous, it is the archangel Michael who goes to them and helps them in their distress. And among all the martyrs, it is Michael who goes to them and gives them strength, and saves them from all their tribulations. For whoever cries out to God with their whole heart, the archangel stands with them and helps them. Behold","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'those who are dead' likely refers to the deceased faithful, for whom Michael's intercession is sought to obtain God's mercy, a common theme in Coptic funerary prayers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is consistently named as the intercessor for the righteous and martyrs, reflecting his role in Coptic tradition as a psychopomp and helper in distress.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of martyrs alongside the righteous underscores the Coptic veneration of martyrs as powerful intercessors, a key feature of Egyptian Christian piety after the Diocletianic persecution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from specific categories (living, dead, righteous, martyrs) to a general statement about anyone who cries out to God, using 'for whoever' as a rhetorical summation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'helps them' echoes similar formulations in Coptic liturgical texts, such as the Theotokia, where Michael is invoked as a helper in all circumstances.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ could be read as 'the dead' in a general sense or specifically the deceased faithful; the context of intercession supports the latter.","The phrase ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ uses the Greek loanword ⲃⲟⲏ̄ⲑⲓ (βοήθεια), which may imply both 'help' and 'succor' in a liturgical sense."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ → “martyr”. Greek μάρτυς. 'Witness' is the older forensic sense and survives in the paschal and apologetic register; the hagiographical sense is 'martyr'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (witness); this passage takes it as “martyr”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":44,"ref":"p44","source":"ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϭⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲙⲁⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ϫⲉ ϥϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲉⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ : Ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲛ\nⲱ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϯ ⲛⲁϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁϣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲱⲡϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ : ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ\nⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ • Ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ\nⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ : Ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲁ\nϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ : Ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓⲁ\nϣⲱⲡⲉ | ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲭⲏ ⲉⲥⲕⲱⲛⲥ̄ ⲧⲉ\nⲧⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ̄ⲧϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲟⲩϣⲃⲉⲉⲣ ⲧⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̈ⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ\nⲧⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓ̈ⲁ : Ⲟⲩϫⲁϫⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ : Ⲟⲩϣⲃⲉⲉⲣ ⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ : Ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲩⲗⲓ̈ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲁ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ\nⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓ̈ⲁ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙ̄ⲛⲟⲛ : ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩϩ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲁⲣⲁϩⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲓⲏ︤ⲗ︥ • Ⲁⲙⲛⲱⲛ ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ϣⲛ︤ⲓ̈ⲱⲧ • ⲁⲁⲃⲉⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙ ϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ϩⲟⲙⲟⲓⲱⲥ ⲁⲃⲉⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙ\nⲁϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄|ⲡⲁⲗⲗⲁⲕⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲓ̈ⲱⲧ • ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ •","english":"Behold then, O my beloved, we have understood the philanthropy of God and the compassion of the archangel Michael toward all humanity, for he is for them an advocate before the Father, that he may have mercy on everyone and straighten their paths. We ourselves, O my beloved, let us give him what he desires, and let us entreat him from our hearts, so that he may love us more and intercede for us before God, and we may become in a single brotherhood. Let us guard our pure garment without defilement. Let no fornication occur among us at all. Let no slander occur in your mouths, for slander is a wounding word, an abomination before God. Fornication is a death in poverty, a companion of the devil, an abomination of Christians, an enemy before God and his angels, a companion of destruction. Behold, O sons of Eli the priest, that when they loved fornication, destruction came upon them. Behold also, O sons of King David, that when they loved fornication more than the garment of the covenant, God was angry with them, and they were filled with a curse, and none of them saw their children in Israel. Amnon lay with his sister of the same father, and Absalom killed him. Likewise, Absalom lay with the concubine of his father, and God brought a disturbance upon him, and he died in the war.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πρεσβύτης (presbytēs) means 'elder' or 'advocate'. Here it describes Michael's role as intercessor before God, a common function in Coptic angelology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲩⲗⲓ̈ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The 'sons of Eli the priest' alludes to 1 Samuel 2–4, where Eli's sons Hophni and Phinehas are punished for sacrilege. The text adapts this to a warning against fornication.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦","severity":"info","text":"The 'sons of King David' refers to Amnon and Absalom (2 Samuel 13). The text cites their incest and fratricide as consequences of fornication, a moralizing exegesis common in Coptic homiletics.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙ̄ⲛⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'garment of the covenant' (ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙ̄ⲛⲟⲛ) likely refers to a baptismal or monastic vow of chastity, a common metaphor in Coptic ascetic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a hortatory address (exhorting the audience to imitate Michael's compassion) to a series of moral prohibitions against fornication and slander, supported by biblical exempla.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲉⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text twice names Absalom (ⲁⲃⲉⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙ) but the second instance may be a scribal repetition or misplacement; the narrative conflates his incest with his death in war, which is not sequential in 2 Samuel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙ̄ⲛⲟⲛ' could refer to a specific monastic garment or a general vow; the translation 'garment of the covenant' is interpretive.","The second reference to Absalom may be a scribal error or a deliberate rhetorical repetition; the text is not entirely clear."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":45,"ref":"p45","source":"Ⲁⲇⲱⲛⲓ̈ⲁⲥ ⲟⲛ̄ ⲁϥⲉⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲃⲓ̈ⲥⲁⲧⲥ̄ ⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲑⲓ̈ⲙⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲓ̈ⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏ̄ⲧⲥ̄ • Ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ϭⲟⲟⲙⲉ : ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁ̄ϫⲛ̄ ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ϩⲓ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ\nϩⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓⲁ • Ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ϫⲉϩⲙ̄\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ : Ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲙⲱ︦ⲩ︦ⲥⲏ̄ⲥ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲁⲓ̈ ϯϫⲣⲟⲡ ⲛⲁϥ","english":"Adonias also went and brought Abisathes, the compassionate one, the widow of his father, and died because of her. Now then, O my beloved children, let us cast away from ourselves the evil ways that are dark, and let us be without mixture, sin, and slander. The holy grammarian never said that a man should be ashamed. See how many times Moses spoke with God, and he had his wife and his children. And these did not hinder him.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general exhortation to a specific biblical example: Moses spoke with God many times yet had a wife and children, implying that such domestic ties did not hinder his prophetic role.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts, as in the phrase ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ ('God many times').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Moses speaking with God and having a wife and children echoes Exodus traditions (e.g., Exod 2:21; 18:2) and may allude to Numbers 12 or later haggadic expansions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲅⲁⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ('the holy grammarian') is an unusual epithet, possibly referring to a revered teacher or a monastic figure known for scriptural learning; the identity is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲇⲱⲛⲓⲁⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The name ⲁⲇⲱⲛⲓⲁⲥ (Adonias) and the narrative of bringing Abisathes (ⲁⲃⲓⲥⲁⲧⲥ̄) are obscure; the Coptic text may be corrupt or reflect a lost apocryphal tradition. The sense 'died because of her' is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is an address (ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ 'O my beloved children') that moves from a negative exhortation (cast away evil ways) to a positive example (Moses), typical of homiletic rhetoric.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Adonias and Abisathes is unclear; the phrase 'died because of her' may be a misreading or a lacuna.","The epithet 'holy grammarian' is unattested elsewhere in known Coptic literature."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":46,"ref":"p46","source":"ⲉ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡϭⲟⲥⲙ̄ ⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϣⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲥⲉⲣⲱϣⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲙ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲁⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲅⲉⲛⲏ :\nⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲕ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ | ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ϣⲁ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ : Ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ̄\nⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲉϥⲫⲟⲣⲓ̈ⲛ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲓ̈ⲧⲉ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲏⲩ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲟϭϥ̄ ϩⲁ ⲡϫⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲱ • Ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲁⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ̄\nⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲟⲗⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲣⲡ̄ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲣ̄ ϭⲣⲱϩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲉⲓⲕ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲣ ⲉϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • Ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲛ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ (sic) ⲣ̄\nⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲣ̄ ϭⲣⲱϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϣⲧⲉⲕⲟ : Ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈\nϣⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉϥⲣ̄ⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲟϥ\nⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈\nⲉ̄ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲓⲛⲉ : Ⲛ̄ⲁ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ\nⲛⲓ̈ ⲉⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲉ : Ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲛⲁⲕⲣⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ | ϩⲁ ⲧⲥⲟ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ : ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲟⲡⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲙⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲏⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ\nⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲓ̈ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲛⲁⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲟⲣⲑⲱⲥⲓⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲑⲏ : ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛϯ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲧⲉ : ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓ̈\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ •","english":"go in to enter into the world to speak with God. But do not let the word go forth from us in these things that are shameful to us, for the testimonies of the Old and New Testaments are witnesses. Therefore, let us complete the word to the end concerning that which is fitting for us today, the archangel Michael. For this feast today has no need of a rich man wearing costly garments, while the poor man himself is bent under the burden of the road. For this feast has no need of a rich man who is drunk with wine, while the poor man himself is thirsty for bread in his hunger as he sleeps. For this feast today has no need of one who eats alone in joy, while the poor man himself is thirsty in his distress. For this feast today has no need of one who is prosperous and joyful alone in his house, while the poor man himself is in his house with no one to care for his inquiry. For these commandments are not of men, but of God. For God will judge the entire race of men according to the measure of the commandments that are in the holy Gospels. Therefore, O my beloved, let us beseech the holy archangel Michael with an upright heart, that he may bring the grace of God down upon us, and that he may release us from our sins which we have committed in the past, and that he may give us a correction after this. For I see that the time has come for us to give our offering, to complete that which is fitting for us, which is the holy offering, to perfect it, and to receive from the holy mysteries.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is invoked as the intercessor for the feast; the term ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for the rank of Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ (grace) denotes unearned divine favour; here it is the grace of God that the archangel is asked to bring down, consistent with Coptic theological usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'holy Gospels' refers to the canonical four Gospels; the passage echoes the theme of judgment according to Gospel commandments, common in Coptic homilies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The feast (ϣⲁ) of the archangel Michael is a major Coptic celebration; the contrast between rich and poor in the feast context reflects social critique typical of Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ (therefore) marks a structural shift from exhortation to a call to action, first to complete the word, then to beseech the archangel, and finally to prepare the offering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'let the word go forth from us' is ambiguous: it may mean 'let us not speak too much' or 'let us not let the discourse exceed bounds'; the English draft interprets it as a prohibition, but the Coptic could also be read as a warning against verbosity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ̄ is ambiguous: it may mean 'let the word go forth from us in excess' or 'let us not let the word go forth excessively'; the English draft takes it as a prohibition, but the Coptic could also be read as a warning against verbosity.","The clause ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲟϭϥ̄ ϩⲁ ⲡϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲱ is obscure: ⲡϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲱ may mean 'the burden of the road' (as in the English draft) or 'the burden of the door'; the reading 'road' is adopted based on context."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":47,"ref":"p47","source":"ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • Ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲡⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲉⲃⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲉⲓ (?) ⲛⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲓ ⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ\nϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲃⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ","english":"The body and the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, this which is outside from his hand, what glory is fitting for the Father with him and the Holy Spirit, the consubstantial and homoousios now and for all eternity, amen. Our Lord Jesus Christ blesses what he will say: \"God, you are merciful (?)\" He wrote these writings with his hand. Amen, so that it may be.","structure":"doxology","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the body and the blood' opens a doxological formula that closes the homily, echoing the Eucharistic liturgy and the Nicene Creed's 'homoousios'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the body of Christ in a Eucharistic context, not a corpse or ascetic body, as indicated by the pairing with 'blood'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ is a Greek loanword meaning 'consubstantial', a key term from the Nicene Creed (325 CE) used here to affirm Trinitarian orthodoxy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The doxology invokes the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as consubstantial, reflecting post-Chalcedonian Coptic theology. The phrase 'now and for all eternity, amen' is a standard liturgical closing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲃⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲃⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'blesses what he will say' or 'blesses what he has said'. The English draft opts for future sense, but the perfective ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ later suggests a past action.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲉⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲉⲓ (?) is marked with a question mark in the edition, indicating a textual corruption or uncertain reading. The English draft renders it 'you are merciful', but the Coptic is not secure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲃⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ is ambiguous between future and past reference.","The reading ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲉⲓ is uncertain; the edition marks it as corrupt.","The final clause ⲉⲃⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ is elliptical; the English draft supplies 'so that it may be', but the subject is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"doxology","text":"Classified as doxology from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."}]},{"i":48,"ref":"p48","source":"1. ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ ⲛ ⲧⲥⲩⲛϩⲟⲇⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ •\nⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϣⲙⲛⲧ ϣⲉ ⲙⲏⲧ ϣⲙⲏⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ\nⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣ[ⲏⲛⲏ]\n2. Ⲁϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϫⲓⲥⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲛⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ• ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲩ\nⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲁⲛⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲩϯ\nⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲙⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲭⲣⲥ̄ • ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ\nⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲗⲡ ⲛⲛⲙⲏⲣⲉ ⲧⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲕⲉⲛⲁϩⲏϥ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ϫⲱ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲏϩ ϩⲛ ⲛⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲃⲉ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲕⲟⲙϣⲟⲩ","english":"This is the faith that came to be in the councils outside of the hand of the synod of the holy bishops. They made three hundred and eighteen bishops in peace. The nations rose up, the peoples were troubled in their worthless things, all the rivers of the earth stood up, the archons gathered, they came to one place, they spoke against the Lord and his Christ. Diapsalma. Let us loose the bonds, let us cast their remnant away from upon us, for he who dwells in the heights will laugh at them, and the Lord will mock them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'bishop' here refers to the 318 bishops of the First Council of Nicaea (325 CE), a standard symbolic number in Coptic tradition for the council that defined orthodoxy against Arianism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders both Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and Christ in homilies; here it likely refers to Christ, as the parallel 'his Christ' indicates a divine figure opposed by the nations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The plural 'nations' (Greek ἔθνη) here denotes the Gentiles or pagan peoples, contrasted with the faithful, as they rise up against the Lord and his Christ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword 'diapsalma' marks a musical or liturgical pause in the text, often indicating a shift in tone or a refrain; here it separates the narrative of opposition from the call to action.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲙⲛⲧ ϣⲉ ⲙⲏⲧ ϣⲙⲏⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 318 bishops allude to the Council of Nicaea, a standard number in Coptic tradition (cf. the 318 servants of Abraham in Genesis 14:14). This reinforces the text's claim to orthodox authority.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudoseverus-discourse-compassion-god","label":"source edition: PseudoSeverus Discourse Compassion God","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoSeverus_Discourse%20Compassion%20God%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'all the rivers of the earth stood up' is likely metaphorical or corrupt; it may represent a scribal error or a poetic image of universal upheaval, as rivers do not literally stand.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'outside of the hand of the synod' (ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ ⲛ ⲧⲥⲩⲛϩⲟⲇⲟⲥ) is ambiguous: it may mean the faith was established independently of the synod, or that it came from outside the synod's authority. The reading taken follows the English draft as 'outside of the hand'.","The identity of 'the Lord and his Christ' is ambiguous: it could refer to God the Father and Christ, or to Christ and his anointed (e.g., the emperor). The reading taken follows the Coptic context as Christ and his anointed."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}