{"slug":"budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","title":"PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","author":"Anonymous","genre":"apocryphon","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"StreamLake","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:18Z","cost_usd":0.062974},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","work_id":"budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":88,"english_words":15360,"coptic_letters":44243,"commentary_units":509,"commentary_kinds":9,"derived_notes":106,"ambiguities":183,"work_notes":6,"external_links":2,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","abstract":"The Pseudo-Cyril Discovery of the Cross is a Coptic apocryphon that narrates the legendary finding of the True Cross, attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem. The text survives in a single fragmentary parchment codex from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum (British Library Or. 6801), written in a literary Sahidic Coptic with Bohairic influences. It was first edited and translated by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1915. The work presents a discourse delivered by Cyril on the feast of the Cross, linking the discovery to biblical precedents and baptismal traditions, and reflects the popularity of cross legends in late antique Egyptian monastic circles.","historical_context":"The work likely dates between the 5th and 7th centuries, a period when Coptic literature flourished in Egypt, particularly in monastic communities. The text is attributed pseudepigraphically to Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386), a prominent fourth-century bishop known for his catechetical lectures and association with the discovery of the True Cross under Emperor Constantine. However, the actual composition is anonymous and reflects later Egyptian traditions. The sole manuscript, a Coptic parchment codex from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum, indicates a monastic setting for transmission. The text employs a literary Sahidic register with Bohairic influences, typical of late antique Coptic compositions. The narrative expands biblical history, connecting the Cross to the place of the skull and to Isaac the Samaritan, and was likely used in liturgical contexts for the feast of the Cross on 17 Paope. The fragmentary state of the manuscript, with missing leaves and lacunae, obscures parts of the narrative, and the work's date remains uncertain due to lack of external evidence.","significance":"This apocryphon is significant for understanding the development of cross legends in late antique Egyptian Christianity and their liturgical integration. It illustrates how pseudepigraphical attributions to authoritative figures like Cyril of Jerusalem lent legitimacy to popular traditions. The text also provides insight into Coptic literary style and monastic manuscript culture, and its fragmentary survival highlights the challenges of reconstructing early Christian apocryphal literature.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386) active; historical discovery of the True Cross associated with Helena."},{"date":"5th–7th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Pseudo-Cyril Discovery of the Cross in Coptic Egypt."},{"date":"9th–10th c.","event":"Manuscript copied at the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum (approximate date based on paleography)."},{"date":"1915","event":"First edition and English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge in Miscellany of Coptic Texts."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Manuscript accessioned by the British Library as Or. 6801."}],"relations":[{"work":"Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures","relation":"Pseudepigraphical attribution to Cyril; Cyril's genuine works discuss the Cross.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Eusebius, Life of Constantine","relation":"Historical account of the discovery of the Cross by Helena; Pseudo-Cyril expands legend.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Coptic Apocryphon of the Cross (various)","relation":"Part of a broader genre of Coptic cross legends.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Budge, Miscellany of Coptic Texts","relation":"First edition and translation of the text.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"Budge edition of Pseudo-Cyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt","reason":"Primary source edition and translation."},{"key":"hollis:alma990001936390203941","label":"British Library manuscript Or. 6801","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990001936390203941","reason":"Sole surviving manuscript."}],"cautions":["Date uncertain; only a broad 5th–7th century range can be inferred from the manuscript and genre.","Authorship is pseudepigraphical; the work is not by Cyril of Jerusalem.","The manuscript is fragmentary with missing leaves and lacunae, obscuring parts of the narrative.","The text's original language and register (Sahidic with Bohairic influences) may reflect later scribal practices."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00051,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:32:52Z"},"checks":{"work":"budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":88,"translated":88,"commentary_passages":88,"commentary_units":509,"english_words":15360,"coptic_letters":44243,"commentary_kinds":9},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving Coptic manuscript is a parchment codex from the Monastery of the Archangel Michael in the Fayyum, now in the British Library (Or. 7021).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem (d. 386), but the earliest manuscript dates to the 9th–10th century. The attribution is conventional and not supported by external evidence.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text was used in Coptic liturgy for the Feast of the Cross (17 Tūt) and is cited in later Coptic encomia on the Cross, indicating its authoritative status in Egyptian tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941","hollis:alma990090145640203941"]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The OCR-based edition contains uncorrected errors in Coptic word division and diacritics; readings for proper names and numerals are especially uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["coptic-ocr"]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition used here is Budge’s 1915 transcription of British Library Or. 7021, fols. 1r–12v. No critical edition exists; Budge’s translation is the only one in English.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The narrative conflates the Helena legend with local Egyptian traditions about the finding of the Cross; it should not be read as a historical account of 4th-century Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: apocryphon in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 76 narrative, 8 dialogue, 2 address to the congregation, 1 incipit, 1 doxology."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"30 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"51 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","text":"1 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: John 4:10."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"incipit":1,"dialogue":8,"narrative":76,"address":2,"doxology":1},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"God","count":89,"first_passage":1,"note":"Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"coptic":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","english":"Lord","count":58,"first_passage":1,"note":"Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲁ","english":"Apa","count":21,"first_passage":13,"note":"A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲧⲡⲉ","english":"heaven","count":16,"first_passage":1,"note":"The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"bishop","count":10,"first_passage":23,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":8,"first_passage":33,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","english":"resurrection","count":7,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek ἀνάστασις; the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","english":"church","count":7,"first_passage":1,"note":"The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"prophet","count":7,"first_passage":2,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":7,"first_passage":7,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","english":"presbyter","count":7,"first_passage":13,"note":"Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"coptic":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","english":"people","count":6,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","english":"Mary","count":6,"first_passage":14,"note":"The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":5,"first_passage":1,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","english":"love","count":5,"first_passage":26,"note":"Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","english":"virgin","count":5,"first_passage":30,"note":"Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":4,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","english":"pray","count":4,"first_passage":18,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"archbishop","count":3,"first_passage":1,"note":"In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":3,"first_passage":6,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"grace","count":3,"first_passage":15,"note":"The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","english":"bless","count":3,"first_passage":23,"note":"The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"archangel","count":2,"first_passage":10,"note":"Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","english":"deacon","count":2,"first_passage":27,"note":"The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","english":"holy","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"coptic":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","english":"worship","count":1,"first_passage":12,"note":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ is to bow or prostrate in worship, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'. The gesture matters in martyrdom scenes before an official."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","english":"cross","count":1,"first_passage":21,"note":"Greek σταυρός: the instrument of execution, and by extension the suffering it names. In martyrdom texts it is the mode of death, not a devotional object."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"apostle","count":1,"first_passage":34,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"disciple","count":1,"first_passage":44,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲣⲣⲟ","english":"king","count":1,"first_passage":45,"note":"The native Coptic word; ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ is the Greek loan and tends to be the title of a foreign or biblical king."}],"citations":{"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross":{"label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"},"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross":{"label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ⲞⲨⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ ⲠϨⲀⲄⲒⲞⲤ ⲔⲨⲢⲒⲖⲖⲞⲤ •\nⲠⲀⲢⲬⲎⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲐⲒ︦Ⲉ︦ⲖⲎ︦Ⲙ︦ • Ⲉ ⲀϤⲦⲀⲞⲨⲞϤ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲠⲈⲤⳀⲞ︦Ⲥ︦ • Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲈⲚϪⲞⲈⲒⲤ\nⲒ︦Ⲥ︦ ⲠⲈⲬ︦Ⲥ︦ • Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲈϨⲞⲞⲨ Ⲙ̄ ⲠϤ̄ⲞⲨⲰⲚϨ̄ Ⲉ\nⲂⲞⲖ • ⲈⲦⲈ ⲤⲞⲨ ⲘⲚ̄ⲦⲤⲀϢϤ̄ ⲠⲈ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲈⲂⲰⲦ\nⲐⲰⲞⲨⲦ • ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲠϢⲀϪⲈ\nⲚ̄ⲦⲀ ⲠϪⲤ̄ ϪⲞⲞϤ ϨⲘ̄ ⲠⲚⲞⲘⲞⲤ Ⲙ̄ ⲘⲰⲨⲤⲎⲤ:\nϪⲈ ⲀⲢⲒ ϢⲀ ⲚⲀⲒ • ⲚϢ̄ⲞⲘⲚ︤Ⲧ︥ Ⲛ̄ⲔⲈⲢⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄\nⲦⲈ ⲢⲞⲘⲠⲈ: ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ\nⲠⲦⲀⲒⲞ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲤ̄⳨Ⲟ︦Ⲥ︦ • Ⲛ̄ⲦⲀϤⲞⲨⲰⲚϨ̄ Ⲉ ⲂⲞⲖ\nϨⲘ̄ ⲠⲈⲦⲠⲈ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲦⲀⲪⲞⲤ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲤⲰⲦⲎⲢ • ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲒⲤⲀⲔ ⲠⲤⲀⲘⲀⲢⲒⲦⲎⲤ • Ⲛ̄ⲦⲀϤⲂⲀⲠⲦⲒⲍⲈ Ⲙ̄ⲘⲞϤ • Ⲛ̄ⲦⲀϤⲦⲀⲞⲨⲈ Ⲛ̄ⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ ⲆⲈ ϨⲘ̄ ⲠⲦⲞⲠⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲀⲚⲀⲤⲦⲀⲤⲒⲤ | ⲈⲦⲈ ⲦⲀⲒ ⲦⲈ ⲦϨⲀⲄⲒⲀ ⲈⲒⲢⲎⲚⲎ\nⲈϤⲢ̄ ϢⲀ Ⲙ ⲠⲤ̄⳨Ⲟ︦Ⲥ︦ • ⲘⲚ ⲠⲖⲀⲞⲤ ⲦⲎⲢϤ̄ •\nⲚ̄ⲞⲢⲐⲞⲆⲞⲜⲞⲤ • ⲈⲨⲤⲰⲞⲨϨ Ⲉ ϨⲞⲨⲚ Ⲉ\nⲦⲈⲔⲔⲖⲎⲤⲒⲀ ⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ • ϨⲚ̄ ⲞⲨⲒ︦Ⲛ︦Ⲛ︦ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ\nⲠⲚⲞⲨⲦⲈ ϨⲀⲘⲎⲚ:\nⲀ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ : ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ :-Ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","english":"A discourse of Saint Cyril, Archbishop of Jerusalem, which he delivered concerning the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, on the day of his manifestation, which is the seventeenth of the month of Paope. He spoke also concerning the word which the Lord spoke in the law of Moses: \"You shall do these things three times in the year.\" He spoke also concerning the honor of the Cross, which was revealed in the place of the skull of the Savior. He spoke also concerning Isaac the Samaritan, who baptized him. And he delivered a discourse in the place of the Resurrection, which is the Holy Eirene, while he was doing reverence to the Cross, with all the people, the orthodox, gathering together into the holy church, in the peace of God. Amen.\n\nThe Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice; let the many islands be glad. The Lord","structure":"incipit","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲞⲨⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ ⲠϨⲀⲄⲒⲞⲤ ⲔⲨⲢⲒⲖⲖⲞⲤ","severity":"info","text":"The incipit formula 'A discourse of Saint Cyril' marks the work as a homily attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem, a common pseudepigraphic device in Coptic apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ renders 'archbishop', the title of the patriarch of Alexandria in Coptic tradition, here applied to Cyril of Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϪⲈ ⲀⲢⲒ ϢⲀ ⲚⲀⲒ • ⲚϢ̄ⲞⲘⲚ︤Ⲧ︥ Ⲛ̄ⲔⲈⲢⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲈ ⲢⲞⲘⲠⲈ","severity":"info","text":"The citation 'You shall do these things three times in the year' echoes Exodus 23:14–17, which mandates three annual festivals, here applied typologically to the Cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲠⲦⲀⲪⲞⲤ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲤⲰⲦⲎⲢ","severity":"info","text":"ⲠⲦⲀⲪⲞⲤ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲤⲰⲦⲎⲢ 'the place of the skull of the Savior' refers to Golgotha, the site of the Crucifixion, where the Cross was believed to have been discovered.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ 'Resurrection' here names the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, also called the Holy Eirene, a key site in the Cross legend.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The acclamation 'The Lord reigns' (Ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲣⲟ) is a liturgical refrain, likely from the Coptic Easter vigil, here introducing a festal response.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The date 'seventeenth of Paope' may be a scribal error or a specific feast; the Coptic ⲤⲞⲨ ⲘⲚ̄ⲦⲤⲀϢϤ̄ is clear but its liturgical referent is uncertain.","Isaac the Samaritan is otherwise unknown; the text may conflate a baptismal narrative with a local tradition."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"incipit","text":"Classified as incipit from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “archbishop”. In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","text":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ → “resurrection”. Greek ἀνάστασις; the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ → “church”. The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ → “God”. Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ carries more than one sense (god, deity); this passage takes it as “God”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ → “Lord”. Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (master, owner); this passage takes it as “Lord”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ → “holy”. Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (saint); this passage takes it as “holy”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ → “people”. Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (laity); this passage takes it as “people”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ → “heaven”. The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ carries more than one sense (sky); this passage takes it as “heaven”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲁϥϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲁ • ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ Ⲉⲣⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲁϥϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲟⲙ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ :-Ⲱ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲕⲣⲱⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲥⲃⲱ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ :-Ⲧⲛⲁⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ • ⲉⲩϣⲟⲃ[ⲉ]\nⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲉⲛⲁ▨ | ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛⲉ • ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲇ︦\nⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ • Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲣⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ :-Ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ :-Ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ[ⲁⲁ]ⲃ • [Ϥϫⲱ]\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ | ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲇ︦ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲩϭⲥ̄ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲇⲟⲥ ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲇ︦\nϩⲁ ⲑⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲕϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • Ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︤ⲣ︦ⲣ︥ⲟ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲕϫⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣϫ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲩⲫⲣⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲙ̄ⲕⲁϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲉⲧⲉⲣ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϣⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ ⲟⲩⲙ̄ⲕⲁϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲁⲡⲗⲟⲩⲛ • ⲧⲉⲣⲡⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉϣ|ⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟ̄ⲩϭⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϩⲏⲣⲙⲉⲛⲓⲁ • ⲏ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲃⲟⲗ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲓⲥ ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ\nⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ •","english":"... He placed upon himself a garment. The Lord reigned. He placed upon himself a power. He bound it. O my teachers, my instructors, and my God! For we see in thoughts that are scattered among themselves, the holy prophets, David, the father of Christ according to the flesh. He said, \"The Lord has reigned. Let the earth rejoice. Let the islands that are beautiful be glad.\" He also said in the same spirit, \"The Lord has reigned from the tree.\" For the Holy Spirit, who spoke through the mouth of all the prophets, it is he who revealed himself like tongues of fire on the day of holy Pentecost. David, the righteous king, also says, \"The Lord has reigned. Let the peoples be joyful.\" O hymnographer David, for a little while you say, \"The Lord has reigned. Let the earth rejoice.\" You speak of a rejoicing of the whole earth. And again you speak of a separation of the islands and a gladness. And a grief of heart for men who do evil. For the anger of man brings a grief of heart, and it does not simply delight the hearts of those who hear, unless they find their interpretation or that which will tell them its meaning. And so then we entreat the Holy Spirit, who is one in essence with the Father and the Son, that he may open the eyes of the heart.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here renders the divine name in a scriptural citation, consistent with its use for Christ in homilies.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲣⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'The Lord has reigned' echoes Psalm 96:1 (LXX 95:1) and is repeated with variations, linking the cross to royal and cosmic joy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'from the tree' (ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ) is a direct reference to the cross, interpreting Psalm 96:1 as a prophecy of Christ's reign from the wood of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Pentecost (ⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ) and tongues of fire alludes to Acts 2:3, linking the prophetic spirit to the apostolic event.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a narrative of David's prophecy to a direct address to David as hymnographer, then to an exhortation invoking the Holy Spirit, typical of homiletic dialogue.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ","severity":"caution","text":"The repeated phrase ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ (reigned) is partially obscured by scribal marks; the reading is secure from context but the exact orthography is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'He placed upon himself a garment' (ⲁϥϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲁ) is ambiguous: it may refer to David donning a robe or to a symbolic investiture; the translation 'garment' is tentative.","The clause 'He bound it' (ⲁϥⲙⲟⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ) lacks a clear antecedent; it may refer to binding the power or the garment."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “prophet”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲟⲓ ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉ • Ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ϩⲓⲕⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲛⲉⲣϣⲁ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦• ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ • ⲛ|ⲁⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲓ ⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱ︤ⲣ︥ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲉϯⲑⲉ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲩϣⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲓ ⲛ ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ :-Ⲛⲧⲁ","english":"We are small in his true knowledge. These things he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets. For we are not worthy of this. But if we rejoice in her cross, and the whole orthodox people, these who have gathered together into this holy place today, from every region, glorifying her cross, worshipping and adoring him who ascended upon the cross, our Savior Jesus Christ, so that he may give to all of us the way to contemplate his law and to understand his commandments.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The speaker humbly disclaims full knowledge, attributing the preceding words to the holy prophets. This self-deprecation is a common rhetorical device in Coptic homilies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (prophet) is used here in the plural, referring to the Old Testament prophets, especially David, as cited in the previous passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The gathering of the 'whole orthodox people' from every region to glorify the cross reflects the liturgical context of the Invention of the Cross, a major feast in the Coptic church.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a prophetic citation to a direct address to the congregation, linking the scriptural authority to the present celebration of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The emphasis on the cross as a source of joy and the gathering of orthodox believers reflects the post-Chalcedonian context of Coptic identity, where veneration of the cross was central.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'her cross' (ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ) uses a feminine possessive, likely referring to the cross as a feminine entity (ⲧⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ) or to the church. The English draft renders it as 'her cross' but the Coptic could also be read as 'its cross' if the antecedent is the church."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲟ ⲧⲛⲁⲩ • ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϯ ϩⲧⲏϥ\nⲉⲩⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • Ⲙⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nϫⲓⲛ ⲉⲛⲉϩ :-Ⲙⲏ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ [ⲁⲛ ?] ϫⲓⲛⲉ ϣⲟⲣⲡ • ϩ▨ⲓ\nⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲩⲁϣϥ̄ • ϫⲉ\nⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲣⲟ ϣⲁ ⲛⲓ̈ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ̄ⲧϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲙ ϣⲁ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲉ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ϣⲁ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϫⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ\nⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁ ⲁⲣⲏⲛ̄ϫⲥ̄ (sic) ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲉⲛϩ̄ • ⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲓⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • [ⲥ]ⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ [ⲙ]ⲛ̄ ⲗⲟⲩⲕⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲩⲁ[ⲅⲅ]ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ :- |ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϣⲁ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ\nⲉ ⲑⲓⲉⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫϥⲧⲟⲛ (sic) ⲡⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲛ̄\nⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟϥ • ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲓⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲙⲁ\nⲛ ϣⲁ • ⲁⲛⲓ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲉⲓⲟ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ :-Ⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ\nϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • Ⲛⲑⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ • ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲏⲣⲁⲛⲟⲥ\nⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲣ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲭⲱⲣⲁ • | ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟϯⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲛϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ̄\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄\nⲥⲉϯ ⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ :-Ⲙⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲕⲉ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲃⲓⲧⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ •","english":"The Lord, the King, we have seen. Let us understand. He gave his attention to a certain hour, so that he might reign within him in a public revelation. Is it not he himself who is the kingdom and the lordship from eternity? Did he not say [it] from the beginning, through Daniel the prophet, the man of desire, that his kingdom is a kingdom forever, and his lordship from generation to generation, and his dominion from sea to sea, and from the river to the ends of the earth? And again, that the king of the whole earth is the Lord. And again, that God is the eternal king. Do you wish to understand, O heretic, enemy of God, that the king of kings is Christ? Listen to Matthew and Luke the evangelists, as they say: When Christ was born, behold, Magi came from the East to Jerusalem, saying, \"Where is the king of the Jews who was born?\" For we saw his star in the East, and we came to worship him, for they gave him great honor as a king. Do you wish to understand? Listen, I will tell you. For as with a king, a tyrant rises up against him, wishing to rule over him and his country; he takes his soldiers captive, kills them, seizes his cities, and places them under his control, so that they pay tribute to him. The kings who are there, he grieves over all his multitudes because another king has taken them from him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here names Christ, consistent with homiletic usage; the gloss distinguishes this from the everyday sense 'master'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The citation of Daniel the prophet echoes Dan 2:44 (LXX) on the eternal kingdom, though the phrasing is loose.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲟⲩⲕⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Matthew and Luke as evangelists reporting the Magi's visit conflates Matt 2:1–12 with Luke's infancy narrative; the phrase 'king of the Jews' is not in the canonical gospels.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ (magus) here refers to the Magi of the Nativity, not a sorcerer; the plural form is implied by the context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a homiletic address (with rhetorical questions) to a scriptural proof-text, then to a simile of a tyrant's conquest, building an argument for Christ's kingship.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲏⲛ̄ϫⲥ̄","severity":"caution","text":"ⲁⲣⲏⲛ̄ϫⲥ̄ is a scribal error or variant for ⲁⲣⲏϫⲥ̄ (ends); the sense 'ends of the earth' is clear from the parallel with ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ [ⲁⲛ ?] ϫⲓⲛⲉ ϣⲟⲣⲡ is partly lacunose; the negative ⲁⲛ is restored, yielding a rhetorical question 'Did he not say it from the beginning?'.","The reading ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ is ambiguous: ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ may be a relative converter or a temporal conjunction; the translation 'When Christ was born' follows the context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"Ⲁϥϣⲟϫⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲙⲉⲓϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ ⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ • ⲕⲁⲓ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲙ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲥⲉⲱ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛⲁϥ :-ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ\nⲡⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲟⲥ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲣⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄|ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲗⲉⲩⲑⲉⲣⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ : ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ϣⲁⲩⲥⲁⲗⲡⲓⲍⲉ ϩⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲗⲡⲓⲅⲝ̄ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲩⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ","english":"He pondered within himself, saying, \"How shall I fight with the tyrant? For those who are under his authority serve him as slaves and obey him. Therefore, if he goes out to the city, he fights with him, overcomes him, takes his multitude from him, and frees them all from the tyrant who had taken them captive.\" They sound trumpets with trumpets, shouting with joy, \"Their own king","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓ ⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ (tyrannos) appears twice in this passage, denoting a political or cosmic adversary. In Coptic apocrypha, the term often carries both literal and allegorical weight, here likely referring to a persecutor or demonic power.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲗⲉⲩⲑⲉⲣⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲗⲉⲩⲑⲉⲣⲟⲩ (eleutheros) is a Greek verb meaning 'to set free'. Its use here underscores the liberation motif central to the narrative, possibly prefiguring the discovery of the cross as an act of deliverance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from internal deliberation (ⲁϥϣⲟϫⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄) to a conditional scenario (ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ) and then to a celebratory conclusion with trumpets. This three-part movement (pondering, action, triumph) is typical of Coptic narrative apocrypha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of trumpets (ⲥⲁⲗⲡⲓⲍⲉ, ⲥⲁⲗⲡⲓⲅⲝ̄) and the shout 'Their own king' evoke a royal or liturgical acclamation. This may reflect the Byzantine ceremonial context in which the cross was venerated, linking the narrative to contemporary practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ contains the Greek verb αἰχμαλωτίζω (aichmalōtizō, 'to take captive'), but the Coptic text shows a variant spelling (ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯⲍⲉ). This may reflect scribal adaptation or a dialectal form; the sense is clear.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'tyrant' is not specified; it could be a historical persecutor (e.g., Diocletian) or a symbolic figure. The reading taken is that the tyrant represents a generic oppressor, consistent with the liberation theme."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ⲉⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲥⲱⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ :Ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲱⲗⲓⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓⲁ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁϯⲍⲉ :-Ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲱϭⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲩⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯ[ⲍⲉ] ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ [ⲁⲩ]ⲱ\nⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟ]ⲟⲩ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩ[ⲁ] | ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ\nⲣⲁⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲙ︦ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲁⲡⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ\nⲙ̄ ⲡ̄ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲡⲟⲣϣ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲏⲛⲏ\nⲧⲏⲣⲉⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲗⲟ\nϩⲁ ⲡⲛⲁϩⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲉⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲏⲅⲏ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • [ⲉ] ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫ[ⲏ]ⲧⲏⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙ|ⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲥⲱⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ • ⲉⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ\nⲥⲱⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ϩⲩⲡⲟⲕⲓⲥⲑⲉ\nⲉⲩϭⲟϫⲃ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲙⲏⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲟⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲭⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥⲧⲉⲓ :\nⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϯϩⲁⲡ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϯ ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ϩⲁ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲁⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • Ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲓ\nⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲁⲧⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲗⲓⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ϣⲁϩ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲧⲉ ⲛⲉ • ⲉⲩⲟ ⲛϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲉ ⲧϩⲩⲡⲉⲣⲉⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲗⲉⲩⲑⲉⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁ|ⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲣ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ\nⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲉⲗⲉⲩⲑⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ϣⲁϥⲁⲁⲩ •","english":"...the waters, he saved them and ruled over them another time. At that same time, sin was active in the world, and lawlessness was profitable. Wickedness had overthrown the governing principle, which is the mind. The tyrant had taken them all captive and was killing them. Each one did what was pleasing to him openly. Simply, the cares of the devil were spread out over the whole inhabited world, and no one restrained the tyrant who did these things to them. For they had fled to one another, they had taken refuge under the wing of that one, thinking they would be saved. But this was not the case, for what was written was fulfilled concerning them: \"They abandoned the straight spring of living water,\" and also, \"Death is what watches over them.\" Therefore, the prophet cried out, saying, \"There is no one to save, and there is no one to help.\" No human being is able to save them. For what men? They are subject to weakness, and they are bound by sickness, and they are brought to trial in a place of judgment, and they give account for all they have done. Nor can angels save them, for they are incorporeal. They have neither bone nor flesh, and they are immortal. For they are ministers of fire, being servants in the service of the one who created them. And they are not able to free themselves from captivity. But the Lord of the servants, if he wishes to make them free, by the glance of his eyes alone, he does so.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword διάβολος is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary, denoting the personified adversary in hagiography, not the etymological 'slanderer'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ is rendered 'Lord' per the pinned glossary, naming Christ in homilies; the everyday sense 'master' is contextually appropriate for the parable about servants.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲏⲅⲏ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲱⲛϩ̄","severity":"info","text":"Echoes Jeremiah 2:13 (LXX) or a similar prophetic image of abandoning the spring of living water; the Coptic text explicitly attributes the cry to a prophet.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'tyrant' here is allegorized as sin or the devil, consistent with the homiletic tradition of Pseudo-Cyril where cosmic struggle is internalized as moral combat.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative (the king's pondering) to a moralizing allegory on sin and redemption, marked by the phrase 'at that same time' (ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ϩⲱⲱϥ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯ[ⲍⲉ]","severity":"caution","text":"The verb ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯⲍⲉ is partially restored; the lacuna may affect the tense or aspect, but the sense 'took captive' is secure from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ' (what is written) could refer to a specific scriptural passage or a general prophetic saying; the text does not specify the book.","The identity of 'the prophet' (ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ) is not named; it may be Jeremiah or a generic prophetic voice."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","ref":"John 4:10","text":"The English carries the scriptural phrase “living water”, which matches John 4:10. The match is on the English draft; check the Coptic before quoting the verse."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ϣⲉⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ ϩⲁ ⲛⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲓ̈ⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ : ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲣ̄\nⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ • Ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲙⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲃⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲁⲙ|ⲉⲛⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲉⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ","english":"...the waters, he saved them and ruled over them another time. At that same time, sin was active in the world, and lawlessness was profitable. Wickedness had overthrown the governing principle, which is the mind. The tyrant of the powers of heaven and earth was troubled on account of those he had taken captive, to deliver them from the hand of the evil tyrant, the evil devil, who had prevailed over the men who had become his desire. Then the king of glory came forth from heaven, and he did not bring a great multitude with him, to take the captivity from the hand of the evil tyrant in Hades. For he did not come...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'king of glory' (ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ) is a Christological title common in Coptic literature, here designating Christ as the divine agent who descends from heaven to rescue captives.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (from Greek διάβολος) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary; it is the personified adversary, here equated with the 'evil tyrant' (ⲡⲇⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲁⲙ|ⲉⲛⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in Hades' (ϩⲛ̄ ⲁⲙⲉⲛⲧⲉ) reflects the Coptic understanding of the underworld as the realm of the dead and of demonic captivity, consistent with the text's apocalyptic imagery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage marks a narrative shift from a description of cosmic disorder to the intervention of the 'king of glory' descending from heaven, setting up a rescue mission that contrasts the earthly and infernal tyrannies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a divine king descending alone to rescue captives from an evil tyrant in Hades echoes the Harrowing of Hell tradition, though here the rescuer is not explicitly named as Christ in the surviving Coptic.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the powers of heaven and earth' (ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩ) is ambiguous: it may refer to divine or angelic beings, or to the inhabitants of heaven and earth; the English draft interprets it as a single tyrant, but the Coptic syntax allows a broader reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the king of glory' is not explicitly stated in the Coptic; it is inferred as Christ from context and tradition.","The phrase 'ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩ' could be read as 'the ones of heaven and the ones of earth' rather than 'the powers of heaven and earth'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓ̈ⲉ ⲙⲏ\nϯ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲉϣ ⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲫⲟⲣⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲑⲃ̄ⲃⲓ̄ⲟ\nⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ϥ︦ⲙ︦ⲓϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲉⲓϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓⲟⲟϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲉⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϣⲥ̄ • Ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲣⲟϭ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲉⲣⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲓ ⲡⲓⲣⲁ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϣⲁⲧ [ⲛ̄]ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ϩⲓ ⲕⲣⲟϥ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲟ[ⲩ]|ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲕⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲓ ϩⲟ̄ⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϣⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲓ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲛ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲓⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲓⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ :-Ⲧϥ̄ϭⲓϫ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲭⲏⲣⲁ\nⲉⲥϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲛ • Ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲙⲛ︤︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ\nⲧⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ⲟⲩⲟⲩϣⲏ ϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲉⲩⲃⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲱⲙⲉⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲁϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄[ϭⲓ]ϫ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲱ[ⲙ]ⲉ ϩⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁϥ|ϫⲱ ϩⲉ\nⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲉϥϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ\nⲁⲩⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲁⲥⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲓ • ⲉⲥϫⲓ ⲃⲟϭⲥ̄ ⲉⲥⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲁϩⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ : ⲉⲥϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲥⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ :Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲡⲏⲧ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲉⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ •","english":"...openly, in great glory, he did not give the glory of his father who did not abandon him, nor did they wish to take it from him, but he bore the humiliation, this one who struggles with the evil devil within him. I speak of the pure flesh which he clothed himself with, the flesh which he gave himself, as he wished. The flesh which did not fall into a snare, nor did it enter into a path to a snare, a flesh in which he received the trial of all things within it, until sin and deceit, for he did not sin, nor did deceit fall from his mouth, a flesh in which God is within it and without, within and with it God is, so that men might see him. Outwardly also he performed great wonders and all healings. His hand stretched out, it raised the dead, that is, the son of the widow who was in the river. For he lived again, and after he was dead, he was laid in his tomb, they carried him out to the tomb to bury him. He stretched out his fleshly hand, of men and God, and placed it on the place of his bed which was upon him. Those who stood up from him stood on their feet. And by a single word, he raised him, he gave him to his mother, and she took him and went to her house, rejoicing and blessing God, and she did not hide her face, looking at him in wonder. And the multitudes ran to him, crying out.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (here with the definite article) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary; it denotes the personified adversary in this hagiographic context.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with the definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'pure flesh' echoes the incarnational language of Christ's sinless body, reminiscent of New Testament passages such as 1 Peter 2:22 or Hebrews 7:26, though no direct citation is marked.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲭⲏⲣⲁ ⲉⲥϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The raising of the widow's son is a well-known miracle attributed to Jesus in apocryphal and canonical traditions (cf. Luke 7:11–15), here adapted to emphasize Christ's power over death.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧϥ̄ϭⲓϫ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated motif of the outstretched hand (ⲧϥ̄ϭⲓϫ) frames the miracle narrative, linking Christ's divine action to the physical gesture of healing and resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'those who stood up from him stood on their feet' is ambiguous: it may refer to bystanders rising after the miracle or to the resurrected boy standing; the Coptic allows both readings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲉⲧ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ could refer either to the resurrected boy standing or to the crowd rising; the context of the miracle favors the former, but the syntax is not decisive.","The clause ⲉⲥϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲛ (the widow 'who was in the river') is unclear: it may indicate a location (by the river) or a state (in distress); the English draft takes it as 'in the river'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϥ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲉⲩⲑⲡⲟ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲡϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ |\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nⲧϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ :-Ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲛϩ̄ⲃⲟⲟⲥ ⲉⲩϭⲗⲉⲙⲗⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲛⲁϩⲃ̄ ⲛⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩⲃⲏⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ : ⲉⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲉⲁⲧ\nⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲣⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲉⲛ","english":"...they wished to know him, both men and women who had come out to him, mocking him openly according to the custom of the Gentiles. They turned back, after they had set the servants to enter their houses until they turned back again. They saw the miracle that had happened. They saw the garments, rolled up at his mouth, dead, hung upon the shoulders of men, entering the city, bearing witness with their eyes to the truth. And when everyone saw the miracle, they believed in Jesus Christ. The Pharisees, however...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲑⲡⲟ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲉⲩⲑⲡⲟ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ (literally 'they were mocking him openly') is rendered in the draft as 'mocking him openly'. The Coptic verb ⲑⲡⲟ carries the sense of derision or scorn, consistent with the hostile reception of Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ ('according to the custom of the Gentiles') reflects a common trope in early Christian literature contrasting Gentile mockery with Christian truth. The term ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ (ethnos) here denotes non-Jewish peoples, i.e., Gentiles.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲣⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲣⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ('the Pharisees') introduces a group frequently depicted in the Gospels as opponents of Jesus. This aligns with the narrative's anti-Pharisaic stance, common in Christian apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage transitions from a scene of mockery and rejection to a miraculous sign (the garments rolled up at the mouth, dead, carried into the city) that prompts belief. The shift is marked by the adversative ⲇⲉ ('however') introducing the Pharisees' reaction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩϭⲗⲉⲙⲗⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲉⲩϭⲗⲉⲙⲗⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ('rolled up at his mouth') is obscure. The Coptic verb ϭⲗⲉⲙⲗⲟⲙ may be a variant of ϭⲗⲟⲙⲗⲉⲙ ('to roll up' or 'to coil'). The image of garments rolled at the mouth of a dead figure is unusual and may reflect a textual corruption or a specific symbolic motif.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲩϭⲗⲉⲙⲗⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'rolled up at his mouth' or 'rolled up at its opening' (referring to the garment's mouth/opening). The draft takes it as 'rolled up at his mouth', but the referent of ⲣⲟϥ ('his mouth' or 'its mouth') is unclear.","The sequence ⲁⲩⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ('they turned back') appears twice, possibly indicating a narrative repetition or a textual corruption."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲓ̈ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲏⲛⲏ :Ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ • ⲁϥϫⲱ\nⲉ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲅⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ • Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥϫⲉ\nⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ\nⲁⲓ̈ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲏ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲅⲁⲗⲓ̈ⲗⲁⲓⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϯⲛⲁⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲧⲁⲓ • Ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲇⲉ ϣⲙ̄ (sic) ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧϫⲉⲛⲉⲡⲱⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϯⲱ̄ⲣⲕ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟ̄ⲉⲓⲛ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲙ̄ⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟϩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ |\nⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲕⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲕ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲧ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ\nⲉⲧ ϣⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲛ • Ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲉ ⲅⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ :\nⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲉⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ • Ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲉ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓⲥ\nⲡⲉⲕⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲁϥⲥⲟⲩⲱ̄ⲛϥ̄ ϫⲓⲛ ⲉϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ •","english":"The archangel Michael. The boat sailed in a storm until he went to his city in peace. The businessman, when he came to his house, he told his wife and his children the things he had seen and the things he had heard and the things that had happened to him in the city of Galonia of the Philippians. Afterward he spoke the word to them little by little, saying, \"Truly I have seen the sun, which we worship, is not a god, but a servant of the God of the Galileans. His great son is a wise man.\" He said to his father, \"I will know this very hour.\" The young son went up to the roof of his house and cried out to the sun, saying, \"I adjure you by your great light and your heat that fills this whole world, if you are not the true God, to inform us that you are a servant of his according to the way my father told me.\" And immediately a voice came to him, saying, \"Well done, young son who seeks the true God. I am not the true God as the Greeks say, but I am a servant of his, to obey his command. However, if you seek the true God, behold your father has known him since he was in the city of Galonia of the Philippians.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Michael is named at the start of the passage, but the narrative immediately shifts to the boat journey; the name may serve as a heading or invocation, a common feature in Coptic apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲅⲁⲗⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Galonia of the Philippians is an otherwise unattested toponym; it may conflate Galatia and Philippi, or derive from a Coptic scribal error. The reference to Philippians suggests a link to the city of Philippi in Macedonia.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The sun is addressed as a deity and then demoted to a servant of the true God, echoing Old Testament polemics against sun-worship (e.g., 2 Kings 23:11) and early Christian apologetic commonplaces.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'true God' (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲛ) and the contrast with Greek (Hellenic) conceptions of divinity parallel the anti-pagan rhetoric found in other Coptic apocrypha, such as the Pseudo-Cyril cycle.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from third-person narration (the businessman's return) to direct speech (the son's adjuration and the voice's response), a pattern typical of Coptic miracle stories and revelatory dialogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲙ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ϣⲙ̄ (line 14) is likely a scribal abbreviation or corruption for ϣⲏⲙ 'young'; the English draft reads 'young son'. The text is otherwise well-preserved in this passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The toponym 'Galonia of the Philippians' is unattested; it may be a scribal invention or a corruption of a known place.","The phrase 'the great son is a wise man' (ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ) is ambiguous: it could refer to the sun's son (a pagan concept) or to a human figure; the context suggests the latter."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “archangel”. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ ⲟⲛ ϥⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ\nϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧ ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛⲁϥ : Ⲛⲁⲓ̈\nⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ ϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲥⲕⲁ ⲣⲱⲥ : Ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ\nϣⲏⲙ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ (sic) ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ\nⲁⲕⲥⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄: Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ• |\nⲠⲉϥⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲗⲏ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲓⲍⲉ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ ϣⲟⲟⲡ\nⲛⲁⲛ • ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲏ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈ ⲁⲛ • ϯⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲧⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲱ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲃⲉ • Ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ","english":"And you also, he calls you until his mouth, for you are prepared for a great diakonia for him. These things, when the voice was sent, it ceased. The little son said to his father, “Truly, you have known God from the region from which you came. But I also, together with you, we will go to him in joy.” His father said to his wife, “If she is scandalized, there are eight hundred nomismata for us. Take them if your heart is not with me. I will take one hundred nomismata and go and receive the remission of our sins.” His wife said to him, “If","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲁ (diakonia) here means 'service' or 'ministry', possibly a specific liturgical or charitable office. The father is prepared for a great service to God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) refers to God in this Christian context, as per the pinned glossary. The son's statement 'you have known God' affirms the father's conversion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ (nomisma) is a Greek loanword for a gold coin, the standard Byzantine currency. The father's offer of eight hundred nomismata indicates substantial wealth.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲓⲍⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲓⲍⲉ (from Greek σκανδαλίζω) means 'to be scandalized' or 'to take offense'. The father fears his wife may be scandalized by his new faith, a common motif in conversion narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the dialogue form, with the son's declaration of faith and the father's conditional offer to his wife. The repetition of 'if' clauses builds tension before the wife's response.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ (literally 'he said to he said') is a scribal error or dittography; the intended reading is likely ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ 'he said to his father'.","The phrase ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ (literally 'until his mouth') is obscure; it may mean 'to his presence' or 'to his command'.","The wife's response is cut off; the English draft ends mid-sentence."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲣⲱ • ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ\nϣⲁⲩϫⲱⲕⲙ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲧ̄ (sic) • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓ̄ⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϫⲱⲕⲙ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲏⲅⲏ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲁⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • Ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ\nⲧⲉ ⲧⲡⲏⲅⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩⲏ • ⲕⲱⲧ ϩⲓ̈ ϫⲱⲥ\nⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲡⲱϣ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲗ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲣⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲃ̄ⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ (sic) ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲏⲅⲏ • Ⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ\nⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲱⲕⲙ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲩⲅⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲏ̄ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲱⲣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲏ̄\nⲛϥ̄ⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲙⲉⲩⲉⲣ ⲭⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲣⲡⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲕ[ⲉ] ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥϯ▨ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲏ▨ | ϩⲱⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲅ̄ ϫⲟⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲣⲏ ϩⲱⲧⲡ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲓ\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ :-Ⲁ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ϭⲛ̄ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄\nⲁϥⲥ̄ⲱ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛϥ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • Ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ (sic) • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲩⲗ▨ⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲏⲕ [ⲉ]\nⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ | ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲉϥϣⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ • Ⲉ ⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟ̄ⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • ⲛϣ̄ϣⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉ\nⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛⲁϥ • Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲁ ⲡⲓⲃⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϭⲱⲛⲧ̄\nⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲕⲛⲟⲥ •","english":"A woman who is great is the one who is troubled. If they reach their mouths, they are drowned in a death because of the desires of their heart which are perverted. Therefore, after these things, the Samaritan walked with the pistos, wishing to drown in the spring which is in Gabaon, with all his vessels. This is the spring where Jesus, the son of Nau, built an altar upon it. When he divided the children of Israel in the land of the Peret, he purified them in that place there upon the spring. Now the Samaritans say that whoever will drown in that spring, or will hide his feet, or his vessels in it, they will not need to hide them again. And the sun set. As for the sun, it set, and darkness came upon them at once. The pistos and the Samaritan came upon a lake of water. They went down to drink, for the pistos and their children and their animals were thirsty. The Samaritan found water from him and drank, and he and his animals had no need. The Samaritan said to one of the Christians, “What is this trouble that you go to Jerusalem to worship a piece of wood that is honored? For they killed a man, a prophet, upon it. It is not fitting to worship him. Because of this, you died for the ibe, and your children, and your animals, for God was angry with you and made the water bitter.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ denotes prostration in worship, a physical gesture of submission. In this passage the Samaritan uses it to challenge Christian veneration of the cross, contrasting it with the act of killing a prophet.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Jesus son of Nau (Joshua) is said to have built an altar at the spring of Gabaon. This echoes the biblical account of Joshua building an altar on Mount Ebal (Joshua 8:30–31) and the Gibeonite spring (Joshua 9–10).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲅⲁⲃⲁⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Gabaon (Gibeon) is a site in the Hebrew Bible associated with a spring and a treaty with Joshua. In Coptic tradition it becomes a locus of Samaritan–Christian polemic, as the Samaritan here claims its water is cursed by God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲩⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Samaritan calls the Christian journey to Jerusalem a ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲟⲥ (trouble, from Greek σκύλος). This parallels the anti-Christian polemic in other Coptic apocrypha where pagans or Samaritans deride pilgrimage and veneration of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣϣⲣⲱ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲉⲣϣⲣⲱ (troubled) is ambiguous: it may mean 'distressed' or 'agitated'. The Coptic could also be read as a passive participle. The English draft renders it as 'troubled', but the sense may be 'one who is disturbed' in a moral or spiritual sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ̈","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ (therefore, after these things) marks a narrative transition from the preceding dialogue to the journey of the Samaritan and the pistos. It signals a new episode in the apocryphon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'woman who is great' (ⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲟⲩ) is unclear; she may be a figure from the preceding narrative or a symbolic character.","The phrase ⲉⲣϣⲣⲱ could be read as a passive or as a stative; the English draft takes it as 'troubled' but the Coptic allows 'is troubled' or 'has been troubled'.","The reading ⲛⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲧ̄ (desires of their heart which are perverted) is textually uncertain; the Coptic ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲧ̄ may be a scribal error for ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲧ (perverted) or ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲧⲉ (scattered)."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","text":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ → “worship”. ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ is to bow or prostrate in worship, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'. The gesture matters in martyrdom scenes before an official."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","text":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ carries more than one sense (bow down, prostrate); this passage takes it as “worship”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"Ⲉⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉϥϫⲓⲥⲙⲏ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛϥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄\nϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϥⲫⲗⲁⲥⲫⲩⲙⲓⲁ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲁϥ|ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲏ̄ ⲉⲕⲏⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲟⲛ • Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲣⲁⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ","english":"He did not hear these things, namely a presbyter, a lover of God, whose name was Apa Bacchus, an orthodox man, who was silent at what the Samaritan was saying. For he was uttering great blasphemies against the holy wood of the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. Apa Bacchus answered, saying to the Samaritan, \"What is your name, or where are you from?\" The Samaritan answered, \"Isaac is my name, and Moses.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πρεσβύτερος is rendered 'presbyter' here because the context concerns a clerical order (Apa Bacchus is an orthodox man who confronts a Samaritan).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' (ⲁⲡⲁ) is left untranslated as a monastic honorific, distinguishing it from the biological sense of 'father'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ 'lover of God' uses ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ without the definite article, so it refers to the divine in a general sense, not specifically to God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative description to direct dialogue, marked by the Coptic ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ 'Apa Bacchus answered' and the exchange of names.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Samaritan's claim that his name is Isaac and his companion Moses (ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ) invokes Old Testament figures, likely to assert a competing authority against the Christian cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲛϥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϥⲫⲗⲁⲥⲫⲩⲙⲓⲁ is ambiguous: it could mean 'for he was uttering great blasphemies' or 'for he was not uttering great blasphemies' depending on the reading of ⲉⲛϥϫⲱ. The English draft takes it as affirmative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉⲛϥϫⲱ could be read as a negative (ⲉⲛ-ϥ-ϫⲱ 'he was not saying') or as a circumstantial with a different nuance; the context of 'great blasphemies' supports the affirmative reading taken in the draft.","The name ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ is cut off at the end of the passage; it is unclear whether it is a full name or part of a longer phrase."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ → “presbyter”. Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (priest, elder); this passage takes it as “presbyter”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲁ","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ → “Apa”. A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."}]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲓⲏ̄ⲥ • ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲧⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ\nϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ : ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉⲁ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲉⲥϫⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲗ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ • ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣ|ⲱⲡⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲟⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ϫⲉ\nⲓⲥ̄ • ⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦• ⲡⲁⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡ ⲛ̄ⲛⲓϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲛϫⲏ • ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛⲁϥ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛϣ̄ϣⲉ ⲁⲛ\nⲉⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲟⲩⲛⲅ̄ ϭⲓϫ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ :-Ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲕ︦ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲛ̄ ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁϥ[ϭ]|ⲱⲛⲧ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲛⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲧⲉⲕⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕ̄ϣⲱⲛⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲟⲃⲉ • Ⲡⲗⲏⲛ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲓ ⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ • ⲛⲁⲛⲉϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲉⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ :-Ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲟⲥ ϯⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲡⲥⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϣ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲙ̄ | ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ϩⲉ • ⲉⲕϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲥⲟⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲥⲟⲛⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲣ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲡ ϩ̄ⲙⲟⲧ :Ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲕⲙⲟⲩϣⲧ̄ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ •","english":"and Jesus. They did not give me the law, but those there spoke with God. The Son himself of Mary: he is a prophet of God, whom the Jews sought to crucify because he abolished the laws of the Sabbath. God saved him from their hands, and he went upon a mountain. No one knew what had happened to him. They became in other places, and another said, \"Jesus is also a prophet.\" They killed him upon a piece of wood, a cross. This one now you are in haste to worship him from the beginning, as you go to worship him. And it is not fitting to worship the work of human hands, but we shall worship God alone, as he spoke with the Father Moses, giving him the law: \"You shall not worship a foreign god.\" When Apa Bacchus the presbyter heard these things, he became angry with a divine anger, and he said to the Samaritan, \"Truly, the name of the patriarch was given to you as gold, but your faith is empty, and you are sick in your sins. Nevertheless, a name and a form do not benefit a man if he does not have the pearl, which is the orthodox faith. Truly, I bless the nations more than you, for those there do not know knowledge, and they do not despise the creation of God in the manner you speak, saying that all the works are contemptible to me, which God created for the faithful to receive with gratitude. Do not be arrogant, O Samaritan.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (from Greek προφήτης) is used twice in this passage, first of Jesus and then of a figure named Jesus (likely Joshua). The Samaritan speaker applies the term to Jesus to diminish his unique status, equating him with other prophets.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲕ︦ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'You shall not worship a foreign god' echoes Exodus 20:3 (LXX) and Deuteronomy 5:7, where God commands Israel to worship no other god. The Samaritan misapplies this to reject veneration of the cross, while Apa Bacchus counters that the cross is not a foreign god but part of God's creation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Samaritan (ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ) represents a non-orthodox Jewish sect that rejected the Jerusalem temple and later Christian veneration of the cross. In Coptic polemical literature, Samaritans are often portrayed as heretics who deny the cross's sanctity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a direct speech by the Samaritan Isaac, followed by Apa Bacchus's angry response. The Samaritan's argument uses a series of biblical examples (Jesus, a prophet killed on a cross) to argue that the cross is merely a human artifact, not worthy of worship.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲇⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ (from Greek δήλιον, 'pearl') is used metaphorically for orthodox faith. This reflects a common Coptic homiletic trope where the pearl symbolizes true doctrine, as seen in other pseudo-Cyrillian texts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥ[ϭ]|ⲱⲛⲧ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or uncertain reading: ⲁϥ[ϭ]|ⲱⲛⲧ̄. The editor reconstructs ⲁϥϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ('he became angry'), but the manuscript may be damaged. The sense is clear from context, but the exact form is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ' could mean 'they gave me the law' or 'they did not give me the law'; the English draft takes the negative sense, but the Coptic lacks a negative particle, so the reading is ambiguous.","The identity of 'ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ' (the Son himself of Mary) is unclear: it could refer to Jesus or to a different figure, but the context suggests Jesus as a prophet.","The phrase 'ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦' could mean 'they killed him on a piece of wood, a cross' or 'they killed him on a cross of wood'; the English draft takes the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ → “Mary”. The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲛⲅ̄ ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲥⲧⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲩϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ :-Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲑⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲛ ⲛ̄ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦• ϩⲱⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥ|ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • Ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲧⲁϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ • ⲁ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ •","english":"You know what is written: that every work which God created is good, and there is nothing standing outside, for they are received with grace. O foolish Samaritan, we do not worship this cross as God, but we worship him, and we glorify him, because the Son of God glorified him, for he fulfilled his economies upon it. Listen to me, O Samaritan, I will speak with you. The work of iron has been revealed.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The speaker contrasts the Samaritan's accusation of worshipping the cross as God with the correct practice: worshipping Christ through the cross, which is honoured because the Son of God fulfilled his economies (divine plans) upon it.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ (grace) here describes the reception of God's works; the phrase 'received with grace' implies they are accepted as gifts of divine favour, not as neutral objects.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ (economies) is a Greek loanword in Coptic, referring to the divine plan or dispensations of salvation, especially Christ's incarnation and passion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Samaritan interlocutor represents a polemical target: Samaritans rejected the cross and the Christian veneration of it, as seen in early Christian apologetic literature.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a general theological statement (all God's works are good) to a direct address to the Samaritan, defending cross-veneration as honouring Christ, not the wood.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the work of iron has been revealed' is obscure; it may refer to the cross as an iron object (nails or tool) or metaphorically to a divine plan made manifest. The Coptic is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦: whether 'the work of iron' means the cross itself (as made with iron nails) or a broader divine work revealed through iron (e.g., the instrument of crucifixion).","ⲉⲩϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ: the subject of 'they are received' is ambiguous—could be the works or the people."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ → “grace”. The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."}]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲩⲙⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ • ⲗⲝ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲗ︦ • ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲙ ⲡϩⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛϥ̄ϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϣⲁϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ :-Ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲥⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲓⲏ︦ⲗ︦ • ⲥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ϩⲱⲥ | ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲗⲝ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲗⲟϥⲗⲉϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲉ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϫⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ :-Ⲉϣϫⲉ\nⲁ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲣⲅⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲓⲧ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ\nⲧⲉ ⲧϩ̄ⲃⲱ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲥ̄ • Ⲉⲓⲉ ⲡϣⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲣⲅⲉⲓ ⲁⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲙⲁ ⲛⲁⲕ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ (sic) • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ :-Ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ : Ⲡϣⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩ[ⲧ]ⲉ ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱ[ϥ] | ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲉⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲣⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲉ̄ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲡⲉ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲕⲁ ⲡⲧⲏⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲡϣⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲃⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧϫⲉⲛ ⲉⲛ\nⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡϫⲟⲗϫⲉⲗ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ :-Ⲧⲕⲟⲓⲃⲟⲩⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲟϩⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ •","english":"He is a wonder, this one which Moses made in the wilderness at that time. As for the living thing, it takes one of the children of Israel and comes in a moment before the iron thing, and it looks at its face until it rests. For the ancients said that the things there which God spoke inwardly to the children of Israel are only evil. But when one of them takes one, their limbs fall apart and they fall down little by little until they are completely consumed. If the iron thing nullifies the thing of the worm, which is the garment, this one about which God spoke with Moses concerning it, then the wood of the cross itself does not nullify the place of the spiritual thing, this one which you have within you, which is the devil. The wood of the cross became a dwelling place for my Lord Jesus Christ. The wood of the cross, which became a face for God, he ascended upon it himself, by his own will, and he died for us. We men who sin, when the Lord turned his face upon it, he let the wind go according to the will of his good Father. The wood of the cross itself is the one which bore there the crown in the midst of the thorns, which is set up with God the Father by his only begotten son, Jesus Christ, who ascended upon it for us. The ark which Noah made at that time according to the command of the Lord.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) is the Sahidic Coptic word for 'god'; with the definite article in Christian texts it names God. Here it appears twice, once in a quotation attributed to the ancients and once in the phrase 'God the Father'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (the devil) is a Greek loanword (διάβολος) used in Coptic hagiography for the personified adversary. The text identifies the 'spiritual thing' within the Samaritan as the devil.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies. Here it refers to Christ: 'my Lord Jesus Christ' and 'the Lord turned his face upon it'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts the 'iron thing' (the bronze serpent made by Moses) with the 'wood of the cross', arguing that the cross is not nullified by the devil. This reflects a typological exegesis common in Coptic homilies, where Old Testament objects prefigure the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Moses making a 'wonder' in the wilderness alludes to the bronze serpent (Numbers 21:4–9), which God instructed Moses to fashion as a remedy for snakebites. The text reinterprets this as a type of the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲕⲟⲓⲃⲟⲩⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The ark of Noah (ⲧⲕⲟⲓⲃⲟⲩⲧⲟⲥ) is introduced as a parallel to the cross: both were made by divine command and served as instruments of salvation. This typology is common in early Christian literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦' (the wood of the cross) is clear, but the preceding clause about the 'iron thing' nullifying the 'thing of the worm' is syntactically ambiguous: it may mean the bronze serpent nullifies the worm (the garment) or that the cross nullifies the devil. The reading taken follows the English draft.","The phrase 'ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩ[ⲧ]ⲉ' (which became a face for God) is textually uncertain due to a lacuna; the English draft supplies 'face', but the Coptic may be corrupt."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲁ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉ\nⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ • [ⲛ̄ⲧ]ⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦• ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ [ⲣⲟ]ⲟⲩ • ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲁ | ⲡⲛⲧ̄ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲟⲓⲃⲟⲩⲧⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲉⲩⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ • ϩⲟⲥ ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲟϫⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲟⲛ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ϯⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲉⲣ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄\nⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣⲉⲩ ⲡⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲕ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲉⲓⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲧⲱⲗⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"She stood up for the people and the animals, when they escaped to the water at the time of the flood. But you, O Cross, who are over them, you stood up for the one who commanded Noah to build the ark. And he gathered to himself every kind, when he brought in provisions, as a good steward, when he gave a seed to the world. You also, O Cross, are the one who made the world new, when the blood of the side of the immaculate one, Christ Jesus the Son of God, was poured out from above.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a third-person account of the flood to a direct apostrophe of the Cross, which is personified as a protective and renewing agent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here refers to God, consistent with Christian usage in the text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟϩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Noah (ⲛⲟϩⲉ) and the ark (ⲧⲕⲟⲓⲃⲟⲩⲧⲟⲥ) echoes Genesis 6–9, specifically the command to build the ark and gather animals.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Christ Jesus the Son of God' and the pouring out of blood allude to the crucifixion, central to the work's theme of the Cross's power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ (the flood) is a Greek loanword (κατακλυσμός) used in Coptic for the biblical deluge, linking the narrative to Hellenistic Jewish and Christian traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage uses parallel apostrophes ('But you, O Cross...' and 'You also, O Cross...') to connect the flood narrative with the crucifixion, emphasizing the Cross's role in salvation history.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲁ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ is ambiguous: 'She stood up for the people and the animals' could refer to the Cross (feminine in Coptic) or another feminine antecedent; the English draft takes it as the Cross.","The phrase ⲉ ⲁⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ is read as 'when they escaped to the water at the time of the flood', but the Coptic could also mean 'when they escaped to the water, to the flood'.","The text ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ is corrupt; the reading 'O Cross' is based on context and the standard epithet."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲉⲧ ⲱⲛϩ̄ :-Ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲕϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ | ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ\nⲁϥⲕⲁⲧⲁⲣⲅⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲓⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲗⲟⲕⲥⲟⲩ • Ⲁϣ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲁⲁⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲓⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲱ • Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲓ̈ⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲧⲏⲥ • ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ̄ⲛⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲛⲉϥϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • Ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄|ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲕⲛⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲧⲏⲥ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ ϯⲛⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩϭⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲁⲥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲕ̄\nⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲏⲏ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡ︦ϣ︦ⲉ ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁ̄ⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛ|ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϫⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ϩⲉ • ϯⲛⲁϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ\nⲉⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲁⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϩⲗⲟϭ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ • ⲁⲕⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲥⲓϣⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲛⲓⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲁⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲉⲥⲗⲟ ⲉⲥⲥⲁϣⲉ\nⲉⲥⲙⲟⲗⲉϩ •","english":"Isaac the Samaritan, when he heard these things that Apa Pachomius was saying, marveled and spoke with him, saying, \"Behold, you have said that Moses performed great wonders, that he destroyed the serpent of brass that was killing those whom it would bite. What is this wonder that your cross has done, that I may also believe in it?\" Apa Pachomius answered him, saying, \"O Isaac the Samaritan, Moses never saw the cross, nor his wonders, but you have heard about it nonetheless. If you yourself were to see the power of Christ, you would believe in the cross and his holy cross.\" The Samaritan said to him, \"If Moses and Jesus speak to me, I will not believe in this wood of which you speak, for I have not seen a power come forth from it.\" Apa Pachomius the presbyter answered, \"It is not for your sake alone that I will perform this sign of wonder, but for the sake of this multitude that has come to worship the wood of the holy cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, so that they may not be scandalized in their faith. I will pray to the one who ascended the cross, who died for our sake, of his own will, for our salvation.\" And he prayed over the basin, saying, \"The one who caused the rivers to flow beneath a rock, so that every race of men and the sea might drink from them, you have placed it as a channel, with the rivers flowing downward to it, and it does not diminish, though it is drawn upon.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is used for Pachomius, a monastic father, and is left untranslated to avoid confusion with biological fatherhood.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Pachomius is identified as a 'presbyter', a clerical order, not merely an elder, reflecting the Greek loanword πρεσβύτερος.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ denotes prostrating in worship, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish', and here describes the multitude's act of veneration.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲓⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The 'serpent of brass' alludes to Numbers 21:4–9, where Moses destroys the Nehushtan, a bronze serpent that killed those bitten.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓ̈ⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Isaac the Samaritan represents a non-Christian interlocutor, reflecting the Samaritan community's rejection of the cross and Christian claims.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between Isaac the Samaritan and Apa Pachomius, with the latter performing a miracle to demonstrate the cross's power.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ could be read as 'his cross' or 'the cross', but the context supports 'his cross' referring to Christ.","The phrase ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ 'holy' is ambiguous as to whether it modifies the cross or Christ, but the translation takes it with the cross."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ → “pray”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲛ[ⲧ]ⲁϥϭⲛ̄ ⲣⲁⲧⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ • ⲱ̄\nⲡⲛ|ⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲙⲁⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϫⲓⲛⲉ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩϩⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲉ\nⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲕⲡⲱϣ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲁⲕⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲉ ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲉ ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ :\nⲀⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲟⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲧⲟϭⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲱϣ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ •","english":"Who is it that has found the foot of your wisdom? O God, the friend of humanity, from the beginning, for you gathered together the monads into a single unity. You strengthened the land that is outside in the heart of the water, and you divided the water, making it into three parts. You placed one part under the firmament, and another part in the sea and the rivers, and another part beneath the earth. Your foreknowledge has placed them in a good measure.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲛ[ⲧ]ⲁϥϭⲛ̄ ⲣⲁⲧⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Who is it that has found the foot of your wisdom?' uses 'ⲣⲁⲧⲥ̄' (foot) metaphorically for the foundation or trace of divine wisdom, a common trope in Coptic exegetical literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The gathering of 'monads' (ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ) into unity echoes the Platonic and Gnostic concept of the One, but here it is adapted to a biblical creation context, possibly alluding to the ordering of chaos in Genesis 1.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲕⲡⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The division of water into three parts (under the firmament, in seas/rivers, beneath the earth) reflects ancient Near Eastern cosmology, also found in Genesis 1:6-7 and in Patristic commentaries on the waters above the firmament.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a hymnic address to God, structured as a series of second-person singular verbs (ⲁⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ, ⲁⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲉ, ⲁⲕⲡⲱϣ) that recount divine acts of creation, typical of Coptic doxological inserts in narrative texts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ' (monads) is ambiguous: it may refer to elemental units in a philosophical sense or to the primordial waters; the Coptic text is partially corrupt (ⲛ[ⲧ]ⲁϥϭⲛ̄), and the exact reading is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲟⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲧⲟϭⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲟⲥⲧⲏⲥ' (foreknowledge) is a Greek loanword (πρόγνωσις) used in Coptic theological texts to denote divine providence, here emphasizing God's preordained ordering of the cosmos.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲛ[ⲧ]ⲁϥϭⲛ̄ is partially reconstructed; the reading 'found' is assumed but the lacuna may affect the verb's subject or tense.","The term ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ (monads) could be interpreted as either philosophical units or as a reference to the primordial waters, depending on the intended cosmological framework."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲧⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲟⲛ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲁ | ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ Ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄\nⲉⲗⲉⲓⲙ ϩⲗⲟϭ • ⲉⲩⲣ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲅⲏ • ⲁⲕϯ ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲩϣⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲟⲩⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲗⲟϭ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲟⲕ ⲧⲉ\nⲧⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲕ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • Ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ ϣⲉ\nⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲓⲏⲗ :-Ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲓ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲟⲛ\nⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲧⲕ̄ | ϫⲓ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲕ̄ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲣ\nⲕⲁ ⲛⲓϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ ⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϥⲧⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ\nⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ\nϣⲱⲡⲉ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ϥⲛⲁϫⲟⲟ ⲙ ⲡⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲓ ⲙⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛϥ̄ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲁⲧ ϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • Ⲡⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ϭⲟ[ⲙ̄] ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ\nⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲧ̄ ϫⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉϥϫⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲧ • | ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nϭⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ ⲁⲓϯ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲏⲧ • Ⲡⲉⲧ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϫ • ⲡⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩ̄ⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲟϩ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ • ⲁϥⲙⲱⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ •","english":"as the other region that has no rivers within it, of your goodness, the gathering of the end of the day, that which still has need of water, which is beneath the earth, it will stand at its mouth. He who heard Moses the prophet made the waters that are in Elim bitter become twelve springs. You gave him a sign of a tree, which is the tree of the holy cross. You have power to make this water bitter, for you alone have authority over all things. Now then, O Lord my God, as you revealed the tree to Moses so that all the people of Israel might believe, now also let the cross be glorified. Now you are glorified in all your works, and do not let the nations say that their god is weak. Apa Bacchus prays to God, and a voice came to his mouth saying, \"He who believes in me will move the mountain, for this stone will not move, and no one will be able to believe. For he who believes in the cross, that it has power to work wonders, will grasp what he seeks, and he who takes me will receive what I have sent.\" Now then, what I have given you will become for you because of the faith in your heart. He who holds to the steadfast faith, his is the whole. And thus the holy Apa Bacchus took two small pieces of wood and bound them together.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲉⲗⲉⲓⲙ ϩⲗⲟϭ • ⲉⲩⲣ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲅⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Moses making the bitter waters of Elim into twelve springs echoes Exodus 15:23–27, where the Israelites find twelve springs of water at Elim. The Coptic text adapts the biblical narrative by attributing the transformation to Moses' agency.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The word ⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ (cross) is written with a nomen sacrum abbreviation, a scribal convention marking the cross as a sacred object. This underscores the liturgical and devotional context of the passage.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Bacchus is a monastic figure introduced here as a recipient of divine revelation. The title 'Apa' indicates a monastic father, and his role in the narrative aligns with the apocryphon's interest in holy men as intermediaries.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ('now then') marks a rhetorical shift from the Moses typology to a direct address to God, linking the Old Testament type to the present glorification of the cross. This is a common homiletic device.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The promise that belief in the cross enables one to move mountains and grasp what one seeks reflects a popular piety that attributed miraculous power to the cross relic. This motif is common in Coptic homilies on the cross.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϫ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲧⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϫ ('steadfast faith') is ambiguous: it may refer to faith in the cross or in God. The Coptic allows both readings, but the context of the preceding miracle claims favors the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the other region' (ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ) is unclear; it may refer to a geographical or symbolic place.","The phrase 'the gathering of the end of the day' (ⲧⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ) is obscure and may be corrupt.","The voice speaking to Apa Bacchus is not explicitly identified as divine or angelic, though the context suggests a heavenly origin."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϫⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟϥ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ • ⲉϥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲗⲏϭⲉ ϫⲓⲛ\nⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲛϩ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉ|ⲩⲉ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • Ⲛ̄ϫⲁϫⲉ ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥︦• ⲛⲛ̄ⲉⲩϣ̄ⲥⲱ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉⲩϩⲙ̄ϫ • ⲉϥϫⲏϥ ⲉϥⲥⲁϣⲉ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱ ⲇⲉ • ⲉϥⲧⲁⲟⲩⲟ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • Ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲃⲉ ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ⲉⲓ\nϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲱ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲓ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩϭⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ\nⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲡⲛ̄ⲅ ⲙ̄ⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ |\nⲛⲁⲩ (sic) ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲙⲡⲁⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄\nⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ\nϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥ̄ⲉⲓⲃⲉ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲥⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ϩⲃⲁ ⲙⲡ\nϥ̄ϭⲛ̄ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲣ ⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲟⲕϩ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲃⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲣⲱⲙⲉ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥⲁⲛⲁⲅⲅⲏ ϩⲁ ⲡⲓ̈ⲃⲉ •","english":"of the type of her holy cross. He threw them into the water basin. He cried out, saying, \"The water, Christ has healed it through his cross. Let it become healing water from now on, and also forever and ever. Those who believe in the cross of Christ will drink from it with faith. The enemies of Christ, these do not believe in him and his cross; they will not drink from this basin, but it will become for them vinegar, sour and bitter.\" When Apa Bacchos finished, he cried out to the crowd with the voice of the Gospel: \"Let whoever opposes come to me and drink. Whoever believes in the cross of Christ.\" And the crowd of believers went to the basin, drew from it, and found it sweet as honey and good only. And when those of unclean spirit looked down into the basin, they searched and saw a small cross in the form of a lamp of light. And they all cried out, \"One is Christ and his glorious cross.\" When the Samaritan heard these things, he became afraid and did not wish to speak about the cross again. And when the Samaritan grew old, he went, saying he would baptize water in his vessels. And when he found no one, he despaired, not knowing what to do, and he and his men were troubled by the old age. And when he was compelled by the old age...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ (Greek σταυρός) is rendered 'cross' throughout, consistent with the pinned glossary term. In this passage it refers both to the physical object and to the salvific power attributed to it.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is left untranslated as a monastic honorific, avoiding confusion with the biological sense of 'father'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'voice of the Gospel' (ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ) echoes the liturgical proclamation of Gospel readings, a common motif in Coptic miracle narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Samaritan (ⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ) is a stock figure of religious opposition in early Christian literature, here representing those who reject the cross's power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a narrative climax: the miraculous transformation of water through the cross, followed by a public test of faith and the Samaritan's eventual despair.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ (sic) appears to be a scribal duplication; the intended reading is likely ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ 'they saw', as in the preceding clause.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ (sic) is ambiguous: it may be a dittography or a deliberate repetition for emphasis; the translation follows the simpler reading 'they saw'.","The identity of 'those of unclean spirit' (ⲛⲉⲧ ⲡⲛ̄ⲅ ⲙ̄ⲟⲟⲩ) is not explicitly defined; context suggests they are non-believers or opponents of the cross."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ → “cross”. Greek σταυρός: the instrument of execution, and by extension the suffering it names. In martyrdom texts it is the mode of death, not a devotional object."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (crucifixion); this passage takes it as “cross”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ\nⲩⲛⲁ|ⲃⲓ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱ ⲁϥϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩ ⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦• ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲙⲡⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • Ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲁⲣ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲁϥⲛⲉϫ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲥⲁ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲙϩ̄ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲥⲱ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲙ︦ϫ︦ • ⲉϥⲥⲁϣⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲗⲟⲙⲉⲥ • Ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲟⲥ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϫⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧϩⲓⲏ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲉⲛ[ⲛ̄] | ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡ̄ϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲉⲩϫⲓ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ϩⲁ ⲧⲇⲱⲣⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲉⲉⲣ ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ •","english":"He arose and went to the basin, he and his men, saying, \"They will wash in the water and drink.\" He looked down into the basin, the Samaritan, and saw a type of her holy cross, which was like a lamp of light. Yet he took for himself courage, cast fear away from himself, and filled the basin with water and drank. He found relief, for he was healed, and he was healthy and sound. The Samaritan cried out, saying, \"Truly, Christ and his cross work wonders among the water.\" And immediately he went to the holy man, Apa Bacchos. He said to him, \"Take for yourself the money and bring it to the road with me, and give it to the poor, and show me the place of the holy cross, that I may worship it.\" The presbyter said to him, \"My son, one does not take money for the gift of the Holy Spirit. Yet if you are sincere, arise and go to Jerusalem, seek the holy place of the Resurrection, and go to the church there.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πρεσβύτερος is rendered 'presbyter' here, as the context involves a clerical figure (Apa Bacchos) who gives spiritual direction.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἀνάστασις refers to the Resurrection of Christ, as the presbyter directs the Samaritan to the holy place of the Resurrection in Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword σταυρός is rendered 'cross' throughout; here it is the object of veneration, not a mode of death.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is left untranslated as a monastic honorific; it distinguishes the holy man from a biological father.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Samaritan's cry that Christ and his cross work wonders among the water echoes the healing miracle of the previous passage, where the cross-type is thrown into the basin.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage transitions from a healing miracle to a pilgrimage narrative: the Samaritan is directed to Jerusalem, specifically to the church of the Resurrection, linking the local wonder to the central holy site.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ (type of her holy cross) may refer to a vision or a physical image; the translation 'type' is retained.","The phrase ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲙ︦ϫ︦ (he found relief) is idiomatic; the draft renders it as 'he found relief' but the literal sense is 'he found rest'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"ⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ Ⲉⲩⲣ̄ϣⲁ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϫⲉ\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧϩⲓⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ | ⲉ\nⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟ[ⲥ] ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲧⲉⲧ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ ϩⲙ̄ϫ\nⲉϥϫⲏϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϩⲗⲟϭ ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛⲏⲩ\nϣⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲁϥϩⲟⲡϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲑⲓ̄ⲗⲏ︤ⲙ︥ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ\nϩⲱⲱϥ ⲟⲛ ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲏϩ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • Ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ ⲁⲛ ⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • Ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ⲁϥⲗⲟ\nⲉϥⲗⲟⲙⲉⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲛ̄ⲧ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϭ̄ :-Ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲙⲡⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ | ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱ •","english":"Apa the father, the bishop, gathered with the orthodox, celebrating the feast of her holy cross, saying, \"This is the day of its revelation. And if you go, he will show you the way of salvation, and you will see the power of Christ and his holy cross.\" Then the holy presbyter, wishing to strengthen the heart of the Samaritan in the faith, made the sign of the cross with them, that they might fill the basin with water, which was like vinegar, sharp. Immediately they knelt and drank from it in faith. And a great multitude came to the holy one, Apa Bacchus the presbyter, receiving a blessing from his hand. And when he saw that the multitude was pressing upon him, he alone went and hid himself. He came to Jerusalem. The multitudes who were at the basin arose and came to Jerusalem. And he also, Isaac the Samaritan, came with them, dwelling with them, along with those who were with him. We will tell you a great wonder that happened, and it is not a falsehood. For the men who were around the basin told us, when we spoke with him, that the holy one, Apa Bacchus the presbyter, prayed to the Lord, and the water, which was bitter and like vinegar, became sweet water. They said that when he went down to that basin, they saw with their eyes the type of her cross, which was like a lamp of fire, giving light only. And when they drank,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is a borrowing of Greek ἐπίσκοπος, rendered as 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. The phrase ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ identifies the bishop as 'the father', a title of respect.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ, from Greek πρεσβύτερος, is rendered 'presbyter' per the pinned glossary, as the clerical order is at issue. The same term is used for Apa Bacchus, a monastic figure.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲡⲁ, from Greek ἀββᾶ, is a title for a monastic father, left as 'Apa' per the pinned glossary to avoid confusion with biological father. Here it is used for Apa Bacchus the presbyter.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'bless' per the pinned glossary, as the object is a person (the multitude receives a blessing from Apa Bacchus). The verb can also mean 'praise' when the object is God.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϣⲗⲏⲗ is rendered 'pray' per the pinned glossary. In the passage, Apa Bacchus prays to the Lord (ϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ), and the water is transformed from bitter to sweet.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the bishop's speech to the presbyter's action, then to the multitude's movement to Jerusalem, and ends with a reported miracle. The phrase Ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ('We will tell you a great wonder') signals a narrative climax, typical of apocryphal storytelling.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ could be read as 'the father, the bishop' (two titles) or 'the father bishop' (one title); the English draft takes the former. The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ('when we spoke with him') is ambiguous: the antecedent of ⲣⲟϥ ('him') could be the presbyter or the Samaritan; the English draft takes it as the presbyter."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “bishop”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ → “bless”. The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ carries more than one sense (praise); this passage takes it as “bless”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ⲁⲩϭⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄\nⲉϥϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • Ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲗⲟⲙⲉⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲃⲏⲗ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲥ̄ϩⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲉⲩⲥⲏϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲟ • ⲉⲥϫⲏϩ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ • ⲉⲩⲥⲏϩ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ⲉⲁ̇\nⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲭⲟⲥ • ⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲟⲩ • Ϫⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲧⲣϥ̄ϩⲗⲟϭ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ","english":"They found it still moist, and they marveled at what had happened. If they had not known beforehand that its water was from Lomes, outside, because one of them knew writing, he saw inscriptions written on a jar, inscribed in Greek, written in this manner: \"The holy Apa Bacchos wrote them: 'Concerning the matter of the water, Christ and his holy cross caused it to be moist, so that the faithful might hear of the revelation from it, with openness and grace, and it would become","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϭⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'they found it still moist' indicates the miraculous preservation of moisture in the cross or associated water, a key element in the narrative of discovery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'grace' (ϩⲙⲟⲧ) here denotes divine favour, consistent with its fixed rendering in this work as unearned favour from God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is left untranslated to distinguish it from biological father; it refers to a monastic father, here Apa Bacchos.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek word ⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ (konias) means 'lime' or 'plaster'; the inscription is written on a jar coated with lime, a common writing surface in antiquity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative action (finding the moist cross) to a quoted inscription, introducing a secondary narrative layer that explains the moisture's origin.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲙⲉⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The toponym 'Lomes' is uncertain; it may refer to a location outside the immediate setting, but its identification is not established in the source edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲃⲏⲗ' (outside) is ambiguous: it may modify 'Lomes' or the location of the water source.","The reading of the inscription is partially broken; the phrase 'ⲉⲁ̇ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ' may be incomplete or corrupt."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉⲣⲁⲡⲓⲁ • Ⲛ̄ϫⲓ ⲛ̄ϫⲉⲩⲉ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡ[ϥ̄]|ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϯ ⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ • ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲉϥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ϫ ⲉϥϫⲏϥ ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲥⲁϣⲉ • Ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϣ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲥⲱ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϭⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲡⲉ Ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲑⲉⲱⲣⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲙⲡⲁⲥ ⲛ̄\nⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱⲕⲙ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲛⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲗⲟ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲉϥϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲱϣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲓⲇ▨ⲱⲛ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲥⲡⲟ|ⲗⲓⲥ (sic) • ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ϫⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲥⲱ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡϥ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ϫ ⲉϥϫⲏϥ ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nϥ̄ⲗⲟⲙⲉⲥ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁⲩ • Ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲕⲏϥ • Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲡⲁⲓ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲟⲟⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ\nⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉϥⲣ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲁϩ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲱϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ⲉⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ •","english":"They received healing. They took the wood of the cross themselves, those who do not believe in its power and the life-giving and saving cross. If they hear from within, it will become for them a well-prepared and sharpened ointment. When the faithful heard these things from the one who read the writings, they took from the water and drank, and they found it still moist. They were marveling, for they were contemplating the place of the cross of light in the basin below, which was like a lamp of fire. And if the sick are immersed in the water, they are healed. And the basin is in the field of the idol, in a diaspora. If enemies of the cross pass by, they will be thrown into the basin, and its water becomes like a well-prepared and sharpened ointment and burns them. If they confess Christ and believe in his holy cross with their whole heart, it becomes moist and cool for them. Because of this matter, many nations hasten to enter into the knowledge of Christ through the sign of the cross manifesting to everyone from the basin there, shining like a flame of fire. And a multitude of faithful from that field gathered together with one heart, and they built a church around that basin. They called it the type of the cross. And I, the least, Cyril.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ renders Greek ἐκκλησία; here it denotes the physical building constructed around the basin, not the congregation.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The basin (ⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ, from Latin laccus) is a recurring relic-container in Coptic cross-legend cycles; its location 'in the field of the idol' suggests a former pagan site reappropriated.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the type of the cross' (ⲡⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ) names the church built around the basin, functioning as a narrative climax that links the miraculous water to the cross's typological significance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The first-person attribution to 'Cyril' (ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ) is a pseudepigraphic device common in Coptic apocrypha; it does not indicate the historical Cyril of Jerusalem but rather claims apostolic authority.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ϩⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ (sic) is a scribal error or variant for ⲇⲓⲁⲥⲡⲟⲣⲁ (διασπορά, 'diaspora'); the intended sense is that the basin lies in a scattered or pagan settlement, not a specific place name.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϯ ⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ is ambiguous: it may be read as 'life-giving and saving' (modifying the cross) or as two separate epithets; the English draft takes the former.","The clause ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ is ambiguous: 'if they hear from within' could refer to the faithful hearing the cross's power from within themselves, or hearing a voice from the basin; the draft opts for the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"ⲁⲓϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲧϣ̄ⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ⲉⲓⲥ\nϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲉⲁⲛⲣ̄ⲑⲉ ϩⲱⲥ ⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ|ⲭⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϩⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ\nⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nϫⲟⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • Ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ︤ϣ︥ⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ\nⲧⲉ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧ","english":"I sanctified it, and the wonder happened. I saw it with my eyes. Behold, then, I have made it known to you in the love of God. If we have done as we have done, we have washed the headband of the cross of the Lord Christ. And concerning the verse that is written in the Psalms, \"The Lord has reigned, let the earth rejoice,\" and also concerning the word that the Lord spoke to Moses, \"Keep these three seasons for me each year,\" and also concerning Isaac the Samaritan,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἀγάπη, here in the phrase 'in the love of God' (ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ). The term can denote the liturgical agape meal, but the context of revelation and sanctification suggests the general sense of divine love.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Quotation from the Psalms: 'The Lord has reigned, let the earth rejoice.' This echoes Psalm 96:1 (LXX 95:1) or a similar verse, though the exact wording is not identical to standard Coptic Psalter versions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ︤ϣ︥ⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Lord's command to Moses: 'Keep these three seasons for me each year.' This likely refers to the three pilgrimage festivals (Exodus 23:14–17, Deuteronomy 16:16), adapted in the homily to support the veneration of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The 'headband of the cross' (ⲡⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ) is a relic term, possibly the titulus or a cloth associated with the cross. The washing ritual described may reflect a liturgical practice of venerating the cross in Coptic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Isaac the Samaritan is an obscure figure, possibly a legendary or apocryphal character. The mention may connect to Samaritan traditions about the cross or to a lost narrative, but no direct parallel is attested in the allowed sources.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲣ̄ⲑⲉ ϩⲱⲥ ⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'If we have done as we have done, we have washed' is syntactically awkward in the Coptic. The repetition ⲁⲛⲣ̄ⲑⲉ ϩⲱⲥ ⲁⲛⲣ̄ may indicate a textual corruption or a colloquial construction; the sense is that the washing of the headband is performed as a ritual act.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Isaac the Samaritan' is unclear; he may be a legendary figure or a misreading.","The phrase 'ⲁⲛⲣ̄ⲑⲉ ϩⲱⲥ ⲁⲛⲣ̄' is grammatically irregular, possibly a scribal error or a colloquialism."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ → “love”. Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ carries more than one sense (charity, agape (the meal)); this passage takes it as “love”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"ⲁⲓⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϯ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲛⲣ̄ ϣⲁ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓⲥ̄\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓ̈ⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲓ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩ[ⲛ] | ⲉ ⲑⲓⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁϥϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲧⲁ\nⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϥⲉⲣϣⲁ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲛⲁϣ̄ϫⲓⲧ\nϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ\nⲟⲩⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ :-Ⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲣⲉⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ︦ⲛ︦ⲧϥ̄ ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲱ|ⲣⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ (sic) ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲁⲑⲩⲅⲏⲥⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲣ̄ϣⲁⲛ\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ :-Ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧϭⲟⲙ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ︦ⲣ︦ⲱⲙⲉ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • Ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲫⲟⲃⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲉⲩⲗⲉⲕⲟⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲧ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲛⲥ̄ⲁⲃⲏⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲇⲓⲁ|ⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ϯ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲁⲣ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ ⲉⲣ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲟⲡⲕ̄\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ •","english":"I baptized it. These, then, we will complete for you. We give a completion to the word according to the will of God and the glory of the holy cross, this which we celebrate today, together with the one who ascended upon it, our Lord Jesus Christ. It happened also when Isaac the Samaritan came into Jerusalem; he inquired immediately about my humble self, I, Cyril. They informed him through a deacon that I was celebrating in the place of the Resurrection, at the feast of the holy cross. He said, \"You will bring me to him. I am not a Christian, but I am a Samaritan. Since I have seen a great wonder through the power of the cross.\" And the deacon came and informed me, and I received him, to bring him to me, saying, \"Go, bring that sheep which is straying, that you may bring it into the church of Christ. He will hear the word of instruction, and if his repentance appears openly to anyone, we will baptize him.\" The deacon then went to him and said to him, \"Come into the church, that you may see the power of the holy cross.\" And he placed the man in a place in the church. He saw a great fear and a multitude wearing linen garments. He was afraid and troubled; he came, thinking to flee outside the church, except that the deacon gave him courage, saying, \"Do not be afraid, for Christ will receive you.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names God in Christian texts, as here in the phrase 'will of God'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders 'Lord' for Christ, consistent with homiletic usage; the context of the cross and resurrection confirms this.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ is the liturgical office 'deacon', not 'servant', as the deacon mediates between Cyril and Isaac.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ refers to the place of the Resurrection in Jerusalem, a toponym, not the event itself.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓ̈ⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Isaac the Samaritan is a fictional figure; Samaritans were a distinct religious community in late antique Palestine, often portrayed in Christian polemic as needing conversion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Cyril's direct address to a narrative about Isaac, introduced by ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲟⲛ, marking a new episode in the dialogue.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲁⲓⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ could refer to baptizing the headband (from the previous passage) or a person; the English draft takes it as the headband, but the immediate context is ambiguous.","The phrase ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲣⲙ̄ (the straying sheep) is a metaphor for Isaac, but the Coptic ⲥⲱⲣⲙ̄ may also imply 'wandering' or 'lost'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ → “deacon”. The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."}]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϭⲱ ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲉϯϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲁ ⲡϩ̄ⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲓⲉⲍⲉⲕⲓⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ϫⲉ Ⲛ̄ ϯⲟⲩⲉϣ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ\nⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣϥ̄ⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲕⲧⲟϥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ϩⲓⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ :-ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲥⲁϩⲱⲱϥ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲡⲛⲁ̄ ϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲟϭⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄\nⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ϩⲧⲏϥ ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ","english":"And he continued listening to those who were speaking, while the oration of our discourse was being completed concerning him, in Ezekiel the prophet, fulfilling it to the end, saying, \"I do not desire the death of the one who has sinned, in order to turn him back, that he might repent, from his evil path, that he might live.\" And again, \"Joy arises in heaven over a sinner who repents.\" When he heard these things, fear seized him, and his spirit took courage as he listened to the words of God, and he gave his attention well to the words.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ϫⲉ Ⲛ̄ ϯⲟⲩⲉϣ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣϥ̄ⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The quotation attributed to Ezekiel does not correspond verbatim to any canonical verse. It echoes themes of repentance and divine mercy found in Ezekiel 18:23, 33:11, or 18:21, but the wording is paraphrastic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The second quotation, 'Joy arises in heaven over a sinner who repents,' is not a direct biblical citation but a common patristic sentiment, possibly derived from Luke 15:7 or 15:10, or from early Christian homiletic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here refers to the Christian God, consistent with Sahidic usage in religious texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ 'heaven' is used as the abode of God, not in a cosmological sense, fitting the theological context of divine joy over repentance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the embedded homily or discourse within the narrative, marked by the listener's emotional response (fear, courage) and attentive listening, transitioning back to the main story.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Ezekiel and the theme of repentance reflect the broader homiletic purpose of the text, which intertwines the discovery of the cross with catechetical exhortation.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact biblical source of the two quotations attributed to Ezekiel is uncertain; they may be paraphrases or conflations.","The phrase 'the oration of our discourse' (ⲡϩ̄ⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲁϫⲉ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific homily or to the ongoing speech of Cyril."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"ⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϫⲏϥ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲉⲩϫⲏⲣ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲃⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ :-Ϫⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲓ ⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲟⲕϩⲟⲩ :Ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲑⲩⲡⲟⲑⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ\nⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ϫⲉ ⲁ (sic)\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛϣ̄ⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄▨ϫⲓⲥⲉ • ⲁϥϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲃ︦ⲃ︦ⲓⲟ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϣⲁⲣ[ⲟⲛ]|ⲁϥⲑⲃ̄ⲃⲓⲟ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲟⲧⲃⲉϥ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲉϥⲙⲏⲣ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲑⲉⲥⲙⲉⲓⲁ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲑⲉⲥⲙⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ\nⲛϥ̄ⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛϥ̄ϣⲱⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ̄ • ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲥ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓ̈ϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ :-Ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ̄ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡ|ϣⲉ .... ⲙⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ\nⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲁ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ :-Ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲁϥϯ ϩⲓⲟⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲟⲙ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ •","english":"And he continued listening to those who were speaking, while the oration of our discourse was being completed concerning him, in Ezekiel the prophet, fulfilling it to the end, saying, \"I do not desire the death of the one who is listening to them, and their sword is before him like a fire, they are sharp like a knife, according to the way the prophet said: 'The Lord said to me, \"Behold, I have put my words into your mouth like a fire, and the people like wood for burning.\"'\" Then we shall complete the hypothesis of the discourse concerning the word that is written in the Psalms: \"The Lord has become king, let the earth rejoice, the kingdom of the only-begotten son of God, the father and his great glory, he covered the humiliation, he came to us, he humbled the proud like a murderer who did not kill him immediately, but left him bound until the providence of the father. When he fulfilled the providence concerning him, according to his will, the Savior, according to the economy of the will of his father, they will crucify him, he will die and rise from the dead, and he will plunder Hades, he will bring out the captivity, he will go with them to his good father, he will sit upon the throne of his glory at the right hand of his father.\" And the army of the heavens cried out, saying, \"The Lord has become king, let the heavens rejoice, let the earth rejoice, for he has saved his people, he has delivered them from captivity. The Lord has become king, he has given them strength, he has bound her.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (prophet) here refers to Ezekiel, as the preceding context indicates. The term is standard in Coptic biblical and homiletic texts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ̄","severity":"info","text":"The passage echoes a prophetic saying attributed to Ezekiel, though the exact verse is not identified in the canonical book. The imagery of words as fire and people as fuel is a homiletic expansion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"This phrase, 'The Lord has become king, let the earth rejoice,' is a citation or adaptation of Psalm 96:1 (LXX 95:1) or a similar liturgical acclamation, common in Coptic festal contexts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲑⲉⲥⲙⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek term ⲡⲣⲟⲑⲉⲥⲙⲓⲁ (providence, plan) is used here in a theological sense, describing the divine economy of the Father regarding the Son's passion and resurrection. This reflects Alexandrian Christological discourse.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The acclamation by the 'army of the heavens' (ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ) functions as a liturgical response, marking a shift from narrative to doxology. This is typical of Coptic homilies and apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁ ϫⲉ ⲁ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a scribal error or corruption at ⲁ ϫⲉ ⲁ (sic), likely a dittography or miswriting of ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ or similar. The English draft omits this, smoothing the sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲟⲧⲃⲉϥ ⲁⲛ is ambiguous: it may mean 'like a murderer who did not kill him' or 'like a murder that did not kill him'; the English draft takes the former.","The final clause ⲁϥⲙⲟⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ is unclear: the feminine suffix ⲥ (her) has no clear antecedent; possibly a scribal error for ⲙⲟⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ (bound him) or referring to an implied feminine noun like ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ (the judgment)."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲥ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ • Ⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ\nϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲁϥϩ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲟⲟⲩ :Ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲟⲙ ⲁϥⲙⲱⲣϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ\nⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲥⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ :-ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲛⲁⲉⲛⲧϥ̄\nⲟⲛ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ ⲙϩ̄ ⲥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣ|ⲣⲟⲩⲥⲓ̈ⲁ ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ\nⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ •","english":"that is the flesh which he took\nfrom the holy virgin Mary. He placed it\nupon himself, and it became one with him, united with him, in his divinity. He went up into the heavens and sat at the right\nhand of his Father, upon the throne of his glory. He created a power and bound it to her, which is\nthe wood of the holy cross. And he set it within\nher mouth. He took it with him to the height. And he will bring it\nagain with him at his second coming, when\nhe comes to judge the living and the dead.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (παρθένος) is rendered 'virgin' in accordance with the fixed Marian usage in Coptic homilies and apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ (Mary) here refers to the Theotokos, as is standard in Marian apocrypha; the context of the holy virgin confirms this identification.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (his divinity) derives from ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God); the possessive prefix indicates the divine nature of Christ, consistent with Christological usage in Coptic texts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϩ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The image of Christ sitting at the right hand of the Father echoes Psalm 110:1 (LXX 109:1) and New Testament passages such as Mark 16:19 and Acts 7:55–56, a standard motif of Christ's heavenly enthronement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a narrative unit describing the incarnation, ascension, and eschatological return of Christ, with the cross as a power bound to the flesh; the sequence moves from earthly to heavenly to future judgment.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'he set it within her mouth' is ambiguous: the antecedent of 'her' (ⲙⲙⲟⲥ) is the flesh or the cross, and 'mouth' may be a metaphor for speech or a literal reference; the Coptic does not resolve the referent clearly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The antecedent of ⲙⲙⲟⲥ (her) in 'he set it within her mouth' is unclear: it could refer to the flesh (ⲥⲁⲣⲝ) or the cross (ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦); the reading taken follows the English draft in linking it to the cross.","The phrase 'he created a power and bound it to her' leaves open whether the power is the cross itself or a separate entity; the text equates the power with the wood of the cross."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ → “virgin”. Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."}]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"ⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕ[ⲁⲓ]ⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲑⲉⲱⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲓ ϩⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲛ̄ⲥⲓⲅⲛⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ ϯ ϩⲁⲡ\nⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ [ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ] ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ :-Ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ|ⲉⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟ︥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲑⲉⲗⲡⲓ̈ⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ϯ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ ϩⲓⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ • ⲙⲉⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲓⲉ ⲙⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ (sic) ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲟⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ (sic)\nϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ : ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ • ⲙⲉϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲁϥⲇⲓⲟⲕⲉⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲁⲣⲧⲟⲛ ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ\nⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ (sic) ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲁⲣⲏⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲱ̄\nⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓ̈ • ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡϣⲁ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡϣⲁ[ϫⲉ] ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ • ⲉⲩϫⲱⲕ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ [ⲡ]ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓ[ⲥ] | ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ : ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ •","english":"the righteous and the sinners will behold the cross, those who believed in it, walking before it, and they will rise up for the cross, the angels, like standard-bearers. But someone will say to me, “Why was it made, and why will they bring the cross to the place of judgment? Why will they bring it? Because of the lawless Jews and all who do not believe in the cross of Jesus, so that they will not think that the judge who is coming is alone. He judges the living and the dead. For he is coming in the glory of his Father and with his angels. He will reveal himself from the sign of the cross in the sky, for it is the cross itself, the hope of all who place its seal upon themselves. They are not completed without the baptism without the cross. Does not the priest seal the colobothra with the sign of the cross on its finger? It is not completed without the holy place. The cross is what pursues demons and impure spirits whenever they are sealed with the holy living water, the boundary of the kingdom of the heavens. For I see, O my sons and daughters, that the time has progressed. I also see the multitude who have come to the feast, wishing to hear the word of God in purity, fulfilling what the Lord said: “Do for me three keros.” While saying it.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (from Greek ἄγγελος) is rendered 'angel' throughout, as per the pinned glossary. Here it refers to celestial beings serving as standard-bearers for the cross.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'heaven' (the abode of God) per the glossary; the English draft's 'sky' is a looser rendering. The cross appears as a sign in heaven, not merely the sky.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲗⲟⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲟⲗⲟⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ (colobothra) is a rare term, likely a liturgical object (perhaps a vessel or vestment) sealed with the cross. The exact referent is uncertain, but the context links it to priestly ritual.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Do for me three keros' (ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ) is obscure; ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ may be a Greek loan (κέρας, 'horn' or 'measure') or a corruption. No direct scriptural parallel is evident, but it echoes a dominical saying.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The cross is presented as a cosmic sign and liturgical seal, reflecting late antique Coptic piety where the cross was venerated as a protective and eschatological symbol. This passage likely influenced later Coptic homilies on the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941","hollis:alma990090145640203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ (from Greek σφραγίζω) is a scribal variant; the standard form would be ⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ. This may indicate a phonetic spelling or a copying error, but does not affect the meaning.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ('three keros') is obscure; it may be a liturgical or numerical reference, but the exact meaning is uncertain.","The term ⲕⲟⲗⲟⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ (colobothra) is rare and its referent is unclear; it is read here as a liturgical object."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Address to the congregation: the homily turns from exposition to direct speech (a vocative, an imperative). The English keeps the second person rather than smoothing it into description."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":32,"ref":"p32","source":"ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲡⲃⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲉⲣⲣ̄ⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲟϩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • Ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲱⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉϥϫⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲟⲩⲉϭⲣⲟ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲉⲣⲡ̄ ⲙⲓⲥⲉ :Ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϣⲱⲱⲧ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲉⲓⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲧⲱⲗⲙ̄ • ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ :Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲙⲁⲥⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧϩⲓⲁⲓⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲧⲱⲗⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲁⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲅⲁⲣ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲛⲧⲁϥ|ⲧⲉ ⲙ̄","english":"why was it made, and\nthree times. The month of the new moon of the fourteenth\nof the month, which is Pharmouthi, when it came to the hand of\nMoses to sacrifice a perfect sheep, complete\nin a year, and they anoint with the blood\nthe doorposts of their houses, so that the destroyer might not destroy their firstborn. We also, the people of the Christians, have sacrificed\nthe lamb without blemish, Christ Jesus the Lord for us. This one whom the true mother, Mary the virgin without blemish, bore, for he was crucified on\nthe cross in the month of the new moon, on the fourteenth","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (virgin) is used here in the fixed Marian sense, referring to Mary as the perpetual virgin, consistent with homiletic usage.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (people) here denotes the Christian congregation, i.e., the laity, as distinct from clergy, in a liturgical context.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϩⲉⲓⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲧⲱⲗⲙ̄","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'lamb without blemish' echoes Exodus 12:5 and typological references to Christ as the paschal lamb, common in patristic exegesis.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲉⲣⲣ̄ⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲟϩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The date 'new moon of the fourteenth of the month, which is Pharmouthi' corresponds to the Jewish Passover (14 Nisan) and the Christian Pascha, linking the sacrifice to the crucifixion.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϣⲱⲱⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲉⲓⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲧⲱⲗⲙ̄ • ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The typology of the paschal lamb (Exodus 12) is applied to Christ, a standard parallel in early Christian literature, e.g., Melito of Sardis' Peri Pascha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲛⲧⲁϥ|ⲧⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'on the fourteenth' is partially obscured by a line break (ⲙ̄ⲛⲧⲁϥ|ⲧⲉ). The reading is secure from context, but the manuscript division may indicate a scribal break or damage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'three times' (ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a repeated liturgical action or to the preceding question 'why was it made' being asked thrice. The reading taken follows the English draft as a continuation of the previous passage."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":33,"ref":"p33","source":"ⲡⲟⲟϩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲁⲁⲧϥ︦ⲧ︦ ⲟⲛ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ⲟⲛⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲙ̄ⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ :-Ⲁⲩⲕⲟⲟⲛⲥϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲡⲓ̈ⲣ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲁⲩⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲉϩ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉ ⲟⲩ :-ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϥ̄ϫⲏϩ\nⲉ ⲧⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲱⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲧⲉ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲧⲥⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲗⲉⲁ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ : ⲉⲩϫⲡⲓⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭⲛϭ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲁⲛϫⲁϩϥ̄ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲉϭⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲛⲛ̄ⲏⲓ̈ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ϫⲉⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ : | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲁⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ⲁⲛϩⲱⲙ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲛ :-Ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲡⲁⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ϣⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϣ̄ϩⲟⲧϩⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ :-Ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nⲡⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲱⲟⲩⲧ :-Ϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲃϣ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲁϥ|ϯϩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲏⲣⲡ̄ • ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲏ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲓⲉ\nⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ • ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ • ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲛⲉ ⲧⲉ • Ⲉ ⲁⲥϫⲡⲟϥ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲁⲥϯⲛⲁⲁⲕⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲓⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲁⲥⲥⲁⲛⲟⲩϣϥ̄ • ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ϩⲓ\nϩⲓⲥⲉ •","english":"The moon, which was split, again upon the rock of stone of Golgotha, which is the place of the skull. They pierced him, to his right side. Blood and water came out. His blood touched something. Behold, it is fixed to the rock of stone of Golgotha, and that blood will not flow out until the consummation of this age, with a reproach of the Jews and a great shame for them. We Christians also, we have taken it, we have placed it as a seal upon our houses, which is the sign of the cross and the nails. When we go out from the blood of the sacrifice, and we drink from it, and we eat his flesh, we are saved from destruction, we triumph over the devil and all his evil thoughts. Where was the body of the Lord placed? They placed it in a tomb, and this place is celebrated today. And who raised him from the dead? No one can speak of this matter. Nor can anyone know the deed except the Father alone, who raised him from the dead. For it is said in the book of the Psalms: \"The Lord arose like one who is drunk, like a warrior who has given way to wine.\" Who first opened his door, or to whom did he appear? Was it not this Mary Magdalene, the mother of Mary, who is her sister? She bore him without a male, she nursed him without milk, she raised him without care and toil.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (diabolos) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary, as the personified adversary in hagiography, not the etymological 'slanderer'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (sōma) here refers to the corpse of the Lord, consistent with the glossary's specification for martyrdom accounts where it denotes the body after death.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (jois) is rendered 'Lord' per the pinned glossary, as it names Christ in homilies, not the everyday social sense 'master'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The text cites the book of Psalms: 'The Lord arose like one who is drunk, like a warrior who has given way to wine.' This echoes Psalm 78:65 LXX (Psalm 78:65 in the Septuagint numbering), though the wording is paraphrastic.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The text conflates Mary Magdalene with the Virgin Mary, calling the Magdalene 'the mother of Mary, who is her sister.' This reflects a known Coptic tradition that identifies Mary Magdalene as the Virgin's sister or mother, found in other apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'Mary, his mother' is ambiguous: it could refer to the Virgin Mary as mother of Christ, but the preceding line identifies Mary Magdalene as 'the mother of Mary,' creating confusion. The reading taken follows the English draft's conflation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Mary, his mother' is ambiguous: it may refer to the Virgin Mary as mother of Christ, but the text's genealogy (Mary Magdalene as mother of Mary) is unclear.","The phrase 'the blood of the sacrifice' (ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ) could refer to the eucharistic wine or the blood of Christ; the English draft interprets it as the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":34,"ref":"p34","source":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉϥⲥⲱ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ :-Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲟⲥ (sic) ⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲅⲓⲗⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϯⲥⲃⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ : | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲏⲧ\nⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ\nⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ","english":"He spent forty days revealing himself to the apostles, eating and drinking with them. Afterwards, he commanded them, saying to them, \"Go out into the whole world, teach all nations, and baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.\" And he prayed for them at that hour for the Paraclete, and after that, the holy Pentecost, which is the gift that the Lord spoke of to Moses, saying, \"Rejoice.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he spent forty days' echoes the forty days of Christ’s post-resurrection appearances in Acts 1:3, a standard topos in Coptic apostolic narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ is rendered 'apostle' per the pinned glossary; here it refers to the eleven (or twelve) disciples after the resurrection.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄","severity":"info","text":"The command to 'go out into the whole world' and baptize in the triune name echoes the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19, a key proof-text for trinitarian baptism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ is rendered 'Lord' per the pinned glossary; here it refers to Christ, who spoke to Moses about the gift of Pentecost.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'Paraclete' (παράκλητος) is the Holy Spirit as advocate; in Coptic tradition, it is often linked to the gift of Pentecost, as here.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ","severity":"caution","text":"The spelling ⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ for 'Pentecost' is irregular; the standard Sahidic form is ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ. The scribe may have conflated the feminine article ⲧ- with the noun.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲟⲥ (sic) is a scribal error for ⲙⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲥ 'afterwards'; the reading is secure.","The clause 'which is the gift that the Lord spoke of to Moses' is ambiguous: it may refer to the Paraclete or to Pentecost; the translation takes it as Pentecost."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “apostle”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":35,"ref":"p35","source":"ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲕ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲕ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲕ︦ϣⲱⲡ ϩⲁ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲛⲕⲁⲁ\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ :-Ⲙϣⲁ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡϣⲁ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ • ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲓ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ̄ϣⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲡⲟⲣⲕ̄ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ϣⲟⲛⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥ[ⲟ]ⲩⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲧ\nⲛ̄|ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϭⲣⲟϭ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲓϫ\nⲉⲥⲟⲩⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲕⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲃ̄ⲃⲉ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲉϥϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲁⲣ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲉⲓ\nⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϯⲟⲩⲱ̄ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲣⲟϭ ⲉ\nⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲓϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲧⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉ • ⲉⲁϥⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲱⲗⲙ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕ̄ⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲕⲟⲥⲧⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲉⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉ • ⲁϥⲙⲁϩⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲩϣⲁ|ϫⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲉⲁⲥⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲟⲩⲁ ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ • ⲟⲩ̇ⲁ ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉ • ⲟⲩⲁ ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲁϥ • Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ ϣⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲁϣⲏ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ [ⲁⲛ] ⲛ̄ ⲏⲣⲡ̄\nⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϫⲏⲣ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲓⲥ •","english":"...in your heart, with your wife, with your children, with your servants, with your cattle, with your possessions under lock and key, and with all your things. For the feast of Pentecost is fitting for us, it is the day on which the Spirit came upon the apostles. For just as a diligent farmer goes to his field, cleanses it, cuts down the thorns and the weeds and the briars that have grown in it, and then takes a pruning knife in his hand, smooths it, and plows it with the hoe, then looks to the other side of the air, so that the north wind may come upon them, and they all give and make a good pruning for the sake of the wind and the moisture that comes upon them from the sky through God. This is also the way of our Lord Jesus Christ and the holy men, who are the fathers the apostles. He cleansed them from all error and all deceit, until the holy Pentecost. He sent upon them the Paraclete, the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of truth. He filled them with all knowledge. They spoke in other languages which they did not know. They performed great deeds and wonders, bearing the things of the Lord. One performed a hundred, one performed sixty, one performed forty. This now is the other side of the feast of Pentecost, according to the commandment of the Lord, not in early meals nor in late wine and beer, but in gatherings.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names God; here it is the source of the wind and moisture from heaven.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ is the standard Coptic title for Jesus Christ; ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders 'our Lord'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The sending of the Paraclete (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ) upon the apostles echoes Acts 2:1–4, the Pentecost narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the one day' (ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ) refers to Pentecost as a singular feast day, contrasting with the preceding forty days of revelation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The analogy of the diligent farmer (ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ) is a structural comparison: the apostles are cleansed like a field before receiving the Spirit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ ϣⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the other side of the feast' (ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ) is ambiguous: it may mean the concluding part of Pentecost or a contrasting aspect; the translation opts for 'other side'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ ϣⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄: 'the other side of the feast' could be temporal (the latter part) or logical (a different aspect); the reading as 'other side' is adopted.","ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲁϣⲏ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲙ: 'not in early meals' may refer to fasting or to the timing of meals; the translation takes it as 'early meals'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":36,"ref":"p36","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϯ ⲗⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲡϥ̄ⲗⲁⲟⲥ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁ[ⲙ]\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄|ⲙⲟⲥ • Ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ︦ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲓ ⲡϥ̄ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ ⲧⲉ\nⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ :-Ⲁϣ ϭⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲁ ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲱ̄","english":"with psalms and with singing, saying, \"Let us go out into the open, let us give praise to him with psalms, for he is God, and we are his people.\" When he goes up to his father, he sits at his right hand, and they cry out, saying, \"The Lord has reigned over all the nations, the holy God sits on his holy throne.\" And the Lord said to Moses, \"Do this for me three times a year.\" What then is the great festival of this day? O","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage describes a liturgical procession with psalms and singing, culminating in a cry that the Lord has reigned over all nations and the holy God sits on his holy throne. This echoes the entrance rite of a festal liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here refers to God, consistent with Christian usage in homilies. The phrase 'he is God, and we are his people' reinforces the divine identity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) appears twice: first in the cry 'The Lord has reigned' (likely Christ), then as the speaker to Moses (likely God). The shift may reflect the homily's typological use of the title.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Lord's command to Moses, 'Do this for me three times a year,' alludes to Exodus 23:14-17, where three annual festivals are prescribed. The homily applies this to the Christian feast of Pentecost.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he sits at his right hand' reflects the early Christian iconography of Christ seated at the right hand of God the Father, a motif common in Coptic homilies and liturgical texts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage transitions from a liturgical description to a rhetorical question ('What then is the great festival of this day?'), which introduces the homily's main exhortation. This is a typical homiletic device.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'his father' (ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) is ambiguous: it could refer to God the Father or to a human father in a parable; the context of the throne suggests the former.","The phrase 'three times a year' may refer to the three major Jewish pilgrimage festivals (Exodus 23) or to a Christian triennial cycle; the homily applies it to Pentecost alone."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":37,"ref":"p37","source":"ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲧⲉ\nⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩ̄ⲱⲃ • ϫⲉ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲣϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲉⲡⲓ\nⲇⲏ ⲁ ⲛⲓ̈ⲓ̄ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ϫⲓϭⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲁⲩⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲕⲱⲧⲕ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ | ⲡⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉϣϩⲟⲡ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲇⲓⲁⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̄ⲉⲣⲓⲛⲛⲁ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲥⲏⲡⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲫⲓⲗⲩⲙⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟ ϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲙⲙⲁⲑⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • Ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕϩ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲥⲁ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ • Ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲥ︥ ⲧⲟⲝ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ\nⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲑⲩⲧⲏⲥ | ϩⲏⲡ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲓ̈ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲱⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲥⲩⲛⲃⲟⲩⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲓ̈ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲩⲛϩ︦ⲇ︦ⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲕϩ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nϭⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲛ︤ϩ︥ⲟⲡϥ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ •","english":"my beloved, this which occurs in the first month of the year, that is the feast of the revelation of the cross. And we will reveal to you the reason why we celebrate the holy cross today. For the Jews denied the resurrection of the Lord, saying that he did not rise from the dead, but that his disciples came by night and stole him while we were sleeping. And their thoughts were to hide the glory of the cross, according to the testimony of Ierinnaios, Joseph, and Philumon the Hebrew, concerning the anger of the Jews against the disciples of the Lord and the cross of the Lord. There was great wickedness in the heart of the Jews, who crucified the Lord, concerning the wood of the holy cross, wishing to burn it after the Lord rose from the dead. The wood of the cross was hidden in the ground in the place where they crucified the Lord. When the disturbance subsided little by little, because the disciples were hidden for fear of the Jews, Joseph of Arimathea arose and came to Nicodemus and said to him, \"Behold, the Jews have conspired with the chief priests and the council of the Sanhedrin, saying, 'Let us burn the cross.' Now then, let us take it and hide it, so that they may not do what they intend to do.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (resurrection) here refers to Christ's resurrection, as the context of Jewish denial makes clear.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) renders both Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and Christ in homilies; here it consistently denotes Christ, as the narrative concerns his crucifixion and resurrection.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Joseph of Arimathea is a figure from the canonical gospels (Mark 15:43, John 19:38) who, according to later tradition, secured Jesus' body for burial. Here he acts to hide the cross.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲕⲱⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Nicodemus is a Pharisee mentioned in John 3:1–21 and 19:39, who assists Joseph of Arimathea in the burial of Jesus. In apocryphal literature he is a key figure in the hiding of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲓⲉⲣⲓⲛⲛⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The names Ierinnaios, Joseph, and Philumon the Hebrew are cited as testimonies for the Jewish plot; these may reflect lost apocryphal sources or local traditions, and their authority is invoked to bolster the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'feast of the revelation of the cross' is ambiguous: it may refer to the Invention of the Cross (May 3) or the Exaltation (September 14). The Coptic text does not specify which feast is meant.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the feast of the revelation of the cross is not specified; it could be the Invention or the Exaltation.","The names Ierinnaios, Joseph, and Philumon the Hebrew are not otherwise attested in known sources, leaving their origin uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Address to the congregation: the homily turns from exposition to direct speech (a vocative, an imperative). The English keeps the second person rather than smoothing it into description."}]},{"i":38,"ref":"p38","source":"Ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲓⲧⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲓ̈ⲗⲁⲧⲟⲥ • ⲟϫϥ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲉⲓⲃⲧ ⲉⲩⲧⲟⲕⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ̈\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲟⲃⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉⲛϥ̄|ϭⲓϫ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲣⲧⲉ (sic) ⲁⲩϩⲟϥⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲛⲥⲟⲟⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩϣⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓ̈ⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲓⲕⲱⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲗⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲱⲓ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲓⲕⲁ ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄\nⲉⲛϩ̄ • ⲏ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ\nⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲁⲩϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛϥ̄ϩⲏⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲱⲛⲉ | ⲉⲣⲛ̄ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ\nⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲑⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲃⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲛⲉ • ⲉⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲛ̄ϫⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲩⲃⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲉⲩϫⲓ\nⲙ̄ ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϩⲱⲥ\nⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩϭⲁⲗⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩ\nⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁϥⲉⲡⲓⲇⲓⲙⲁ ⲛⲁⲛ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡϣⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁϥⲇⲓⲱⲕⲓ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϯ ϩⲓⲥⲉ\nⲛⲁⲛ ⲉϥⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϭⲟⲓⲗⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ϯⲕⲉ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛϣ̄ⲡⲏⲣⲉ •","english":"They arose, the two of them, and came to Golgotha that night. They found the holy wood of the cross of Jesus and the titulus of Pilate, and they took it into their possession, along with the other nails that were fixed to it. These had been fastened to the body of the Lord, to his hands and his feet. They hid them with the things of the thieves, and they did not bring them into the cave for fear of the Jews. And Joseph said to Nicodemus, \"Let us remove the wood from beneath the cross, and we will take it and the crosses and place them inside the tomb, in the place where the body of the Lord was laid. For it is mine. And I did not place a body in it, or is this not the body of Jesus?\" And behold, he arose from among the dead. They did these things, and they brought them into the tomb. For they were near the place where he was crucified. They rolled the stone to the mouth of the tomb and departed. And no one knew what they had done for a long time. The martyrs used to go to the tomb daily, praying there at night in secret. And also they would bring the sick, and they would receive healing through Jesus and his holy cross. As for the demon of those who were possessed, if they touched the tomb, they would cry out, \"Jesus has appeared to us in the flesh!\" And when he was crucified, behold, the wood of the cross pursued him in the tomb, causing us suffering and casting us out from the bodies we had clothed ourselves in. Listen also to this other great wonder.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the corpse of Christ, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts for the body after death.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) names Christ in this homiletic context, as per the pinned glossary; the everyday sense 'master' is not operative here.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Golgotha (ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ) is the traditional site of the crucifixion, located near the tomb of Joseph of Arimathea in Christian topography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative (Joseph and Nicodemus hiding the cross) to a later cultic practice (martyrs visiting the tomb), then to a demonic exclamation, marking a layered composition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of healing through the cross and exorcism at the tomb reflects the relic cult of the True Cross, popular in late antique and medieval Christianity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉϥⲟⲣⲧⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲉϥⲟⲣⲧⲉ (his feet) is a variant spelling; the standard form is ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ. The sense is clear despite the orthographic irregularity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡϣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (the holy wood) could refer to the cross beam or the entire cross; the translation takes it as the wood of the cross.","The identity of 'the two of them' (ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ) is not explicitly stated in the Coptic but is inferred from context as Joseph and Nicodemus."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":39,"ref":"p39","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ\nⲛ̄|ϫⲓⲥⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲓⲟⲛ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛⲉⲩⲛ\nⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲙⲡ̄ⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉⲩⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲕⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲣⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϣϭⲙ̄ ϭⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲁⲗⲉ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲏ ⲉⲛϩ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ ⲉⲩϩⲟⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲱⲕⲙⲉϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ϥⲟⲩϣ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ⲣ̄ⲟϥ :-ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲟϫⲛⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • Ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ︤ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲙⲟⲩ|ⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲉⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏϯⲁ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲓⲁ ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲛⲉ ϫⲡⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁ̄\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲧϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲕ̄ⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲱⲁⲕⲓⲙ • ⲡⲥⲱⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲛϩ̄ :-Ⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁ̄","english":"the fathers of the ancients said concerning the name: There was a man, a Jew, at that time in Jerusalem, who was very wealthy. His name was Cleopas. He was a paralytic, never walking on his feet, nor could he mount any beast, but they would lift him onto a litter and carry him, and they would take him to the place he wished to go. And that man did not follow the counsel of the lawless Jews, those who crucified the Lord of glory for the sake of a name. He reached out his hands to his servants, saying, \"Do not associate with the lawless Jews, those who wish to kill Jesus the Nazarene out of envy and jealousy. I myself know that he is the Son of God, according to the prophecies of the fathers the prophets. And Mary his sister bore him in a holy spirit, she who is the daughter of Cleopas, who is called Joachim, the brother of my father. And I believe that she knew no man.\" A spirit","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (prophet) is a loan from Greek προφήτης. Here it refers to the Old Testament prophets whose writings were read as foretelling Christ.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here renders the divine title for Christ, consistent with homiletic usage. The phrase 'Lord of glory' echoes New Testament doxologies.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article names the Christian God. The phrase 'Son of God' (ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) is a standard Christological title.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Cleopas is a figure known from Luke 24:18 as one of the disciples who met the risen Christ. The text here identifies him as a wealthy Jew in Jerusalem, a paralytic, and connects him to Mary and Joachim, blending Gospel and apocryphal traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative flashback introduced by 'the fathers of the ancients said concerning the name', providing background on Cleopas before the discovery of the cross. It contrasts his piety with the lawless Jews who crucified Christ.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is fragmentary at the end: 'A spirit' (ⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁ̄) breaks off, likely continuing with a description of the Holy Spirit or a spiritual being. The English draft supplies 'A spirit' but the full sense is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'Mary his sister' (ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲓⲁ ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲛⲉ) is ambiguous: it could mean Mary the sister of Cleopas or of Jesus. The text identifies her as daughter of Cleopas and mother of Jesus, but the familial relationships are convoluted.","The name 'Joachim' (ⲓⲱⲁⲕⲓⲙ) is given as the brother of Cleopas's father, but its exact role in the genealogy is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":40,"ref":"p40","source":"ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲫⲟⲛⲏ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ • ⲉⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ϩⲣⲟⲩⲫⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲱⲛⲉ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲟⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ︤ⲣ︥ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲇⲉ | ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲁϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ϫⲓ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲗⲁⲧⲟⲙⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲕϩ̄ⲕϩ̄ ⲱⲛ[ⲉ] ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ ⲕⲁϩⲕϩ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ\nϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲁⲧⲟⲙⲉⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲱ ⲧⲟⲙⲉⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲉϥⲟⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ϩⲣⲟⲩⲫⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲁϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϫⲓ ⲙ̄\nⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲃⲗ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • |\nⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲛⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ ⲉ ⲡϩⲟⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲏϩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛϥ̄ⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲛϩ̄ⲡⲉ :-Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲟⲩⲡⲱϩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲑⲙ̄ⲥⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ϩⲁⲧⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲛϥ̄ⲛϩ̄ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ • ⲉϥⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ :-Ϫⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ϩⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ\nϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ •","english":"...he was holy, for he came up to the height, according to the voice of the archangel. This righteous man, however, named Cleopas, had a son who was an only child, whose name was Heruphos. This one fell ill with his fatal sickness. But after a few days he rested, and Cleopas called his servants. He said to them, \"Bring me a stonecutter to hew the stone, let him hew the tomb for my son, beside Jesus the Nazorean, and bury my son in it. And when I die, bury me also in it.\" They did according to his word, and they prepared the tomb. Heruphos, the son of Cleopas, was still alive. And after two days he rested. That day was the Sabbath, and they did not wish to take his body out of the tomb, lest they violate the Sabbath. But on the next day, which is the first day after the Sabbath, they took him out of the tomb onto a bier. His father also carried him to the bier. They raised him up and took him out with them, following behind, and he wept for his son with great wonder. When they arrived at the tomb of Jesus, they placed his body down on the ground, and they buried his father beside the tomb of Jesus. And Cleopas did not wonder at his son, weeping and crying out, \"O my beloved son, would that these were not my days, when Jesus the Nazorean is on the ground.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel's 'voice' (ⲧⲉⲫⲟⲛⲏ) guides Cleopas to the height; the fixed rank in Coptic liturgy identifies the speaker as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, or Suriel, though the text does not name which.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the corpse of Heruphos, consistent with martyrdom accounts where the word denotes the body after death.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The refusal to move the body on the Sabbath reflects Jewish halakhic practice, which the narrative presents as observed by the Jewish character Cleopas.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Cleopas's instructions to the burial sequence, then to his lament; the repeated phrase 'ⲁⲩⲱ' (and) links actions in a paratactic narrative style typical of Coptic apocrypha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Cleopas appears in Luke 24:18 as a disciple, but here he is a wealthy Jew; this reworking may reflect later traditions that associate him with the discovery of the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛϩ̄ⲡⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛϩ̄ⲡⲉ (wonder) is ambiguous: it may denote Cleopas's astonishment at his own weeping or a miraculous sign; the English draft reads 'wonder' but the sense is not fully resolved.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the archangel is not specified; the 'voice' may be a divine communication or a liturgical reference.","The phrase 'ⲛϥ̄ⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ' could mean he wept for his son or over his son; the preposition ⲉ allows either reading."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":41,"ref":"p41","source":"ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ\nϩⲱ ⲛⲓⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ (sic) ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ • ⲧⲁⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ :\nⲛϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲕ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟ[ⲟⲩⲉ]| ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲥⲉϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲙⲙⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ\nⲧϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲁⲉⲓⲣⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲟⲥ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲕⲙ̄ⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϯⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ :-Ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥ ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ\nⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ϣⲉⲡ ϩⲣⲁⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ϣⲁ","english":"...he raises the dead. And I also will go to his door. I entreat him: \"Raise him for me! For indeed he raised others.\" And they bury the body with us today. He raised Anna, the daughter of Iaeiros, the archisynagogos, the brother of my mother. Behold, another one in the body today. He raised Lazarus, the brother, from among the dead. But, O my beloved son, if this is his will, the Lord Jesus will receive you into his kingdom until...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) appears twice: once in the phrase 'they bury the body with us today' and once in 'another one in the body today'. In the first instance it likely refers to the corpse of Heruphos; in the second, to the living body of a person raised, showing the word's semantic range.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ⲧϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲁⲉⲓⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The raising of 'Anna, the daughter of Iaeiros' echoes the Gospel story of Jairus's daughter (Mark 5:22–24, Luke 8:41–42), though the Synoptics do not name her. The name Anna may derive from later tradition or a conflation with the prophetess Anna (Luke 2:36).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The raising of Lazarus (John 11:1–44) is cited as a precedent for Christ's power over death. The text calls Lazarus 'the brother' (ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ), likely meaning brother of Mary and Martha, consistent with the Johannine account.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'archisynagogos' (head of the synagogue) for Iaeiros reflects the social and religious leadership structure in Jewish communities of the Roman period, and is used in the New Testament for Jairus (Mark 5:22).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a speech by Cleopas, who lists Christ's resurrection miracles (Jairus's daughter, Lazarus) as grounds for hope that his own son may be raised. The rhetorical pattern 'he raised X, he raised Y' builds a cumulative argument.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲓⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ (sic) is likely a scribal error for ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ 'I will go'. The doubled ⲛⲓ may be a dittography or a misreading of ⲛⲁ. The sense is clear from context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the brother' (ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲛ) in reference to Lazarus is ambiguous: it could mean brother of Mary and Martha, or simply 'the brother' in a spiritual sense. The reading taken is the familial one.","The phrase 'another one in the body today' (ϯⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a second person raised that day, or to the same person (Anna) now alive again. The translation 'another one' is followed."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":42,"ref":"p42","source":"ⲉⲛⲉϩ • Ⲉϥⲧⲁⲟⲩⲟ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲥϯ\nⲛⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲕⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ ⲉⲩⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϭⲗⲟϭ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧ|ⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲛⲅϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ :-Ⲁϥⲁϩⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲑⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲙ̄ⲕⲁϩ\nⲉⲛⲉϩ • Ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲣⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲡⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲥⲁ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲁⲓ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲃⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩϭⲗⲙ̄ⲗⲟⲙ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲧⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲕ̄ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ | ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲁϥⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲓ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲧ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ ⲁⲕⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲏ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲕ :-Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲓⲛⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ :-Ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲓϫ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ •","english":"...indeed. He raises them for me, says Cleopas, with great faith in Christ Jesus. Immediately, a great light came forth from the tomb of Jesus. Cleopas saw with his eyes a luminous cross coming out of the tomb. It settled upon the bier of the dead man. And immediately the dead man rose and sat up. When his father saw that his son had risen and sat up, he embraced him in the joy of his heart. He stood on his feet, as if he had never been ill. But the Jews who were walking with him were seized with great fear, for they saw the dead man sitting up and his father running frantically from one side to the other. And they took up stones there, covering their mouths. He rose and stood in their midst. And the Jews were saying to him, \"Who is it that raised you?\" He said to them, \"A man of light came out of the tomb, standing under a luminous cross. He stood over me and raised me, and I lived again. Behold, you see me.\" And they were saying to Cleopas, \"How did you walk? Or who healed you?\" He answered with great joy, saying, \"The one who raised my son, the second time since he died, it is he who healed me in this way.\" He took the hand of his son and went with him into the city.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'luminous cross' (ⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ) is a key visual motif in this passage, combining the cross with divine light, a common trope in Coptic apocryphal literature.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The resurrection of the dead man echoes the Gospel accounts of Jesus raising the dead, particularly the raising of Lazarus (John 11:43-44), which is referenced earlier in the passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Cleopas (ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ) is a figure from the New Testament (Luke 24:18) who encountered the risen Christ. Here he is depicted as a witness to a miraculous resurrection, reinforcing the apocryphon's connection to canonical narratives.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Jews' fear (ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧⲉ) and their reaction of taking up stones (ⲁⲩⲃⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ) serve as a dramatic contrast to Cleopas' joy, highlighting the division between believers and non-believers in the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The identification of the healer as 'the one who raised my son' aligns with the text's broader Christological emphasis, likely intended for liturgical or catechetical use in Coptic Christian communities.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲥϯⲛⲟⲩⲃⲉ (immediately a great light) is ambiguous: it could refer to a physical light or a metaphorical divine radiance. The reading taken is literal, as the luminous cross is a concrete image.","The identity of 'the Jews' (ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈) is ambiguous: they may be generic opponents or specific characters from the narrative. The reading taken treats them as a collective group reacting to the miracle."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":43,"ref":"p43","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̄\nϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ Ⲉⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ\nⲁⲕ|ⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ϭⲟⲙ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲣϥ̄ϯ\nⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ :-Ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲩⲡⲉⲓ • ⲁⲕϯ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ\nⲡⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓ :-Ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ","english":"in great joy, blessing God and his only-begotten son Jesus Christ the Lord, crying out, saying, \"Great is the power of Jesus the Nazarene.\" And again, \"You have placed your power in the holy cross, giving life to those who believe in it.\" In the place of grief, you have given me a twofold joy and delight: the resurrection of my son and his healing that has happened for me. All the people heard what had happened.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here names God the Father, consistent with Christian usage in Sahidic texts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) is applied to Jesus Christ, as is typical in homilies where it names Christ.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ (the people) likely refers to the gathered congregation or laity, as distinct from clergy, in this liturgical narrative.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'holy cross' echoes the veneration of the cross in early Christian liturgy, but no single biblical verse is directly quoted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit: Cleopas’s exclamation of joy and the people’s reaction follow the resurrection miracle, forming a climactic response.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The emphasis on the cross as the source of life-giving power reflects the late antique cult of the cross, especially in Jerusalem, where the Discovery of the Cross was celebrated.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲣϥ̄ϯ ⲱⲛϩ̄ is ambiguous: it could be read as 'giving life' (present tense) or 'you gave life' (preterit); the English draft takes it as a present participle. The phrase ⲉⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ might be a circumstantial clause ('while blessing God') or a main clause ('they blessed God'); the draft treats it as circumstantial."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":44,"ref":"p44","source":"ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲣ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲗⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲭⲏⲣⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ϣⲟⲡⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲣ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ︦ⲭ︦ⲣⲏⲙⲁ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲁϥⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲙ︦ϩⲉ • Ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗ⁰ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥϫ[ⲓ]|ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲏⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄\nϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲉⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ϯϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲣⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲇⲉ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ϯⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ⲣⲟⲕϩϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲉⲃ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲧϣⲟⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ • ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ ϫⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ :-Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲡϩⲱⲃ [ⲉ] ⲣⲁ[ⲛ] ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩ|ϩⲟⲥϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲓⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲛ︤ⲓ︥ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛⲉϩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ\nⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲧⲓ ⲥⲩⲙⲃⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲛⲁϥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉⲩϫⲱ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲉϩⲉⲣ ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲣ̄ⲅⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲥⲧⲁⲃⲗⲟⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲛⲉ •","english":"...the waters, marveling, Cleopa and [others] because he was released from his sickness that was with him; his son, because he arose from among the dead. And he had them bring to him the widows and the orphans; he did for them a great reception, and he distributed to them a great sum of money from his treasure. And his servants he made free. He went to the apostles and his sons; he received baptism himself and all his household in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. And they became chosen disciples, proclaiming Christ and his cross. The Jews, when they saw the miracle that had happened, believed in Christ Jesus. But the scribes and the Pharisees, when they heard that a great miracle had happened at the tomb of Jesus, said, \"Let us burn it with fire.\" The great synagogue and the Jews answered, saying to the high priests, \"It is manifest that it has been shattered by a stone; fire does not take hold of it. But if the matter is pleasing to you, let the Jews cast it into the river, so that its memory might not remain at all.\" And this counsel pleased them all. They proclaimed throughout the whole city of Jerusalem, saying, \"Men and women, if they come out from their houses and their workshops as far as their stables, let them bring them daily.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ (mathētēs) is rendered as 'disciple' per the pinned glossary. Here it describes the newly baptized household of Cleopa as 'chosen disciples' who proclaim Christ and the cross, a status that aligns them with the apostolic circle.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The trinitarian baptismal formula 'in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit' echoes Matthew 28:19 and the standard early Christian baptismal liturgy, reinforcing the orthodox framing of the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲣⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'scribes and Pharisees' as opponents of the cross cult reflects a late antique Christian literary trope that anachronistically projects post-70 CE Jewish authorities into the narrative of the cross's discovery, a common feature in Coptic apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲑⲓⲉⲗⲏⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The proclamation throughout Jerusalem ordering all inhabitants to bring their goods daily echoes the civic mobilization found in later cross-legend traditions (e.g., the Inventio Crucis), suggesting the text's function in liturgical or hagiographic performance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941","hollis:alma990090145640203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫ[ⲓ]|ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text shows a lacuna or scribal correction at ⲁϥϫ[ⲓ]|ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ, where the verb ⲁϥϫⲓ (he received) is partially supplied. The reading is secure from context, but the manuscript witness may be damaged at this point.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲩⲣ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲗⲉⲱⲡⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ϫⲉ is ambiguous: it may mean 'marveling, Cleopa and [others]' or 'marveling, Cleopa said that...'; the English draft takes the former, but the latter is possible if ϫⲉ introduces a direct statement.","The identity of 'his sons' (ⲛϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ) is unclear—whether biological sons of Cleopa or spiritual sons (disciples) is not specified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “disciple”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":45,"ref":"p45","source":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲁⲛ̄ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ϣⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟ ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲟⲥ (sic)\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲁⲭⲙⲏ ⲛϩ̄ⲟⲙⲛ̄ⲧ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲧⲓⲥⲩⲙⲃⲟⲩⲗⲓ̈ⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲥ • ⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲓⲁ\nⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲛⲉ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁ|ⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲣⲣⲟ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲕⲁ\nⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ :-Ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ϯⲁⲇⲏⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱⲥⲏⲡⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲓⲛⲛⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϩⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲟⲅⲣⲁⲫⲟⲥ :-Ⲉ ⲁϣⲉϥⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ϩⲟⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲓⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲉⲩϫⲟⲟⲥⲉ\nⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲥ :-Ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ ⲉϫⲛ̄\nⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄\nϣⲟⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲃⲁ (sic) • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲉⲝⲟⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ϣⲟ ⲉ\nⲕⲏⲙⲉ Ⲉ ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲙⲡ̄ⲧⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲡϯⲁ • ⲉϥϫⲱ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ | ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲕⲁ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ϭⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ\nϩⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ\nⲡϣⲱⲱⲧ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲏⲣⲡ̄ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲓϩⲣⲱⲧ ϩⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϫⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲏⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲣ̄ ⲕⲃⲁ ϩⲓ ⲁⲗⲱⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϣⲓⲛⲉ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲉⲩϯ ϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nⲡ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉⲩⲑⲙ̄ⲕⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲓⲟⲧⲉ •","english":"...they fall upon the tomb of the deceiver, saying, \"Jesus, the one who will not be found, does he do this?\" They make him an apostasy synagogue. They cut him a drachma of bronze. And the council took place in all of Jerusalem, in a custom they performed daily, until the time of Ousphasianos the king, this one who destroyed Jerusalem, and until he came upon all the Jews, not allowing them to go out to do this. According to the accounts of Josephus and Ierinnaios and the historiographer: From the time of the destruction of the gate of the temple, from that time until Ousphasianos, as it were, great piles of dung came to be upon the tomb of Jesus, rising up to the whole city. For a great destruction came upon the Jews by Ousphasianos, for he killed among them three hundred and thirty, and he exiled three hundred thousand to Egypt. He wrote to Ptolemy the archon of the Pentapolis, saying, \"Do not allow the Jews to find any freedom at all in the land of Egypt, nor allow them to come to the market, nor allow them upon the wine and the oil, nor upon the salt at all, nor those who are born and those of the race, and let them all wear sackcloth and hair in the land of Egypt, until a search of sheep goes out from your hand. And the Jews gave themselves much labor, more than their fathers.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The name Ousphasianos is a Coptic rendering of Vespasian (Roman emperor 69–79 CE). The text identifies him as the king who destroyed Jerusalem, a reference to the First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Josephus, Ierinnaios (likely Irenaeus), and the historiographer reflects a pseudo-historical claim to authority. Josephus's 'Jewish War' describes the destruction of Jerusalem under Vespasian and Titus.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Josephus c. 75 CE"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'tomb of the deceiver' is ambiguous: it may refer to a rival messianic figure or a polemical Christian designation for a Jewish site. The Coptic ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲟⲥ ('deceiver') is a strong pejorative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (the council in Jerusalem) to a pseudo-historical digression citing Josephus and others, then returns to the actions of Ousphasianos. This digression is typical of the apocryphon's composite style.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text's anti-Jewish rhetoric, including forced exile and restrictions, reflects later Coptic Christian polemics. The figure of Vespasian is recast as an instrument of divine punishment, a motif found in other Christian apocrypha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the deceiver' (ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is unclear: possibly a Jewish messianic claimant or a Christian polemical target. The reading 'tomb of Jesus' in the English draft may be a later interpretive gloss.","The phrase 'apostasy synagogue' (ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲩⲛⲁⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲟⲥ) is a hapax or scribal error; the intended meaning is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲣⲣⲟ","text":"ⲣⲣⲟ → “king”. The native Coptic word; ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ is the Greek loan and tends to be the title of a foreign or biblical king."}]},{"i":46,"ref":"p46","source":"ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙ̄ ⲫⲁⲣⲁⲱ ⲉⲩⲟ ⲛϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • Ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲙⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧ [ϩⲃ̄ⲣ]ⲁⲓⲟⲥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲉⲩϣⲣ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲗⲗ[ⲁ] ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲓ ⲙ̄[ⲙⲟϥ] | ⲉ\nⲧⲣϥ̄ⲥⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁϥⲑⲃ̄ⲃⲓⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲧⲟⲗⲙⲏⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲥ (sic) ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲧⲅⲉⲛⲁⲓⲁ\nⲧⲏⲣⲉⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲱϫⲛ̄ ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϩⲉⲛ ϩⲛ̄ⲗⲓⲙⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϩⲏⲃⲱⲱⲛ :-Ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲡⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲟϫⲡ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲟⲃϣ̄ ⲉ\nⲧⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ\nⲥⲟⲡ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲁ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲓⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ [ⲡⲧⲁ]ⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ [ⲉⲡⲕ̄ⲣ]ⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲉⲣ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲕ|ⲟⲡⲣⲓⲁ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲗⲕⲟⲑⲁ • Ⲉⲛⲉϥⲉⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲡⲉⲣⲉⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲓ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ ⲡ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ • Ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲣⲱ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲡⲥ̄ ⲡⲉ •","english":"...in the time of Pharaoh, they were slaves of the Egyptians. If a small child threw himself among a hundred men, he would be strong. And the Hebrew would not do any evil to him, but they would entreat him to go to their door. For the Lord had humbled them because of the audacity they had committed against his door. Then the whole generation there, those who had crucified the Lord of glory, came to an end by slaughter, being killed by the rivers, and also by famines and by plagues. God brought these upon them because of their sins. As for the rest, those who were hidden in Jerusalem, they changed the custom of their fathers. It was not possible to speak of it again. Then great dung heaps came upon the skull of Jesus and upon Golgotha, so that no one would remember him again. Nevertheless, they call the dung heap of Golgotha of Jesus \"Golgotha.\" The devil will not cease from this, saying to those who became his servants, \"I will remove the memory of the cross from the midst.\" He does not know, however, that it is the truth.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here refers to Christ, consistent with the homiletic usage in this corpus, not the everyday sense of 'master'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'remove the memory of the cross from the midst' echoes the devil's attempt to suppress the sign of Christ's victory, a motif found in early Christian apocrypha (cf. Gospel of Nicodemus).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲗⲕⲟⲑⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲟⲗⲕⲟⲑⲁ is a Coptic rendering of Golgotha (Aramaic gulgulta, 'skull'), the site of the crucifixion. The text explains that the place was covered with dung heaps to obscure it.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a historical analogy (Pharaoh's time) to the fate of the generation that crucified Christ, then to the devil's ongoing opposition, forming a three-part argument about divine judgment and concealment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of the devil attempting to erase the memory of the cross appears in later Coptic homilies and hagiographies, reflecting a tradition of the cross's hiddenness and eventual rediscovery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲧⲟⲗⲙⲏⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲧⲟⲗⲙⲏⲣⲓⲁ (audacity) is a Greek loanword (τολμηρία); the scribe writes ⲧⲁⲁⲥ (sic) for ⲧⲁⲁⲥ, likely a gender or case error. The sense is clear: the audacity committed against the Lord's door.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'against his door' (ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ) is ambiguous: it may refer to the door of the Lord's house (temple) or metaphorically to Christ himself. The translation takes it as the Lord's door.","The identity of 'the rest' (ⲡⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ) is unclear: it may refer to the remnant of the generation that crucified Christ, or to those who survived the earlier judgments."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":47,"ref":"p47","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲓ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲁⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ :-ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲧⲁⲙ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲱ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲣⲡⲏⲩⲉ :Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲁ ⲛⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲅⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ϩⲱⲡ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩϣ̄ϭⲙ̄ϭⲟⲙ ϩⲟⲡϥ̄\nϣⲁ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛϥ̄ⲍⲱⲅⲣⲁⲫⲓ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄\nⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲉⲩϭⲱ|ϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ • ⲉⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲁⲩϩⲟⲡϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲉⲛϥ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ ϩⲉⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲟⲧⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ\nⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲩⲙⲫⲓⲟⲥ\nⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϣⲉⲗⲉⲉⲧ • ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩϩⲟⲡϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲕⲱϩ\nⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ ⲗⲁⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲡϩ̄ⲟⲩⲟ • Ⲉϥϯ ⲥⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ • Ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲧⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ :-Ⲉⲩⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲣⲏⲡⲉ\nⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓϫ|ⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲣⲁⲃⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲃ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • Ϥ︦ⲍⲱⲅⲣⲁⲫⲓ ⲟⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲥⲉⲡⲏⲥⲥⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ • Ϥ︦ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲥⲧⲏⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲟϩ ⲛ̄ⲏⲓ :-Ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ [ⲛ]ⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ • Ϥ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϫⲏⲩ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉϥⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲭⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲧ̄ • Ϥ︦ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲣⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϯ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ϥ ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϩⲩⲡⲟⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉ\nϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"of the cross, receiving glory. Beside the rivers and every one who believed in it, they are not hindered from the gate of the heavens. And if those who are the instruments of the devil wished to hide the cross, they were not able to hide it at all, nor to paint it in the heart of the unbeliever, the cross. They would make all its remembrance like an image, looking at it like an image, looking at it. If they hid it a little, it would not be equal to the sun in its power, for it hides at night and appears by day. It is like a bridegroom coming out of his bridal chamber. Likewise, the cross was hidden by the Jews because of their evil anger against the Lord Jesus Christ. But it appeared, being a lamp more brightly, giving light to the altar and the sacrifice. The cross is the strong one of the rivers, the God-loving ones. They place it as a vine for them, and they place it upon their shoulders of gold in their hands. The painting also is in the house of the rivers, the cross. They pursue it in the streets, upon the stelae and the corners of houses, so that it may be for them a strong one, and for every one who passes by. Upon the ships also is the cross, saving them from the storms and the strong winds. Upon the common property of the kings, it gives grace to them. Also upon the hand of every scribe is the holy cross, so that those who will subscribe under it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (the devil) is used here as the personified adversary, consistent with hagiographic usage in this corpus.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲩⲙⲫⲓⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϣⲉⲗⲉⲉⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The simile of the cross as a bridegroom coming out of his bridal chamber echoes Psalm 19:5 (LXX 18:6), a common Christological type in early Christian literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The cross is depicted as a protective and glorified object, placed on rivers, ships, houses, and stelae, reflecting late antique Coptic piety where the cross was venerated as a material and apotropaic symbol.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative (the Jews hiding the cross) to a hymnic catalogue of the cross's manifestations and powers, a common rhetorical pattern in Coptic encomia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲣⲏⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The image of the cross as a vine placed on shoulders of gold may reflect liturgical or iconographic practices in Coptic churches, where crosses were carried in processions or worn as pectorals.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲧⲁⲙ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲱ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲣⲡⲏⲩⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'they are not hindered from the gate of the heavens' is ambiguous: it may mean believers are not barred from heaven, or that the cross itself grants access. The Coptic syntax allows either reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'they are not hindered from the gate of the heavens' could refer to believers or to the cross itself; the Coptic subject is implied by context.","The clause 'they would make all its remembrance like an image' may be a scribal repetition or a deliberate emphasis; the Coptic text shows possible dittography."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":48,"ref":"p48","source":"Ⲱ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧ[ⲟⲥ] | Ⲙⲉⲩⲣ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲙⲉⲩⲕⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲁϫⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲙⲉⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲑⲩⲥⲓ̈ⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦:\nⲘⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲙⲉⲩⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲱⲛⲓⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲏ ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲙⲉⲩⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲍⲉ ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲩⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲏⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ :-Ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲟⲓⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ :Ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲅⲁⲣ ϣⲁϥⲭⲁⲗⲓⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ :Ⲧⲉⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ ⲟⲛ ϣⲁⲥⲕⲁⲧⲁⲣⲅⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲛⲥ̄ϯ ϩⲣⲱⲕ\nⲉ ⲡϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲁⲡⲏⲍⲁ Ⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ϥ̄ⲥ‐|\nⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲩⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • Ϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲡⲛⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲣⲡ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ :Ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϫⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϥ ⲛ︤ⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ\nⲥⲛⲁⲩ • Ϫⲉ ⲙⲡ ϥ̄ⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲣ̄ϫⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ ⲡϩ̄ⲟⲩⲟ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲑⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲝⲓⲙⲓⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲣϥ̄ⲕⲛⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲛϩ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲗⲁⲥ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲛ̄\nϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥϫⲓⲟⲩⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ : Ⲁ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ\nϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲡ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ | ϩⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲛϯⲭⲣ︤ⲥ︥\nⲉϥⲧϭⲉⲓⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲉ ⲁϥϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲙ̄ⲉⲥ •","english":"O the power and the glory of the Christians, and of the faithful. They do no work of the world without the cross. They do not build a church without the cross. They do not establish the altar without the cross. They do not offer sacrifice upon the cross. They do not ordain a bishop or a cleric without the cross. They do not baptize without the cross. They seal them in the baptismal font by the cross. He who has the cross has great help there. For the cross restrains the smallness of heart. The seal also annuls the anger of the serpent. Flee to the anger upon the table of the faithful. He blesses their food by those who seal them. In the dinners and those who drink the wine in joy. It destroys the unbelieving enemies of the cross, as it destroyed Diocletian, making him blind in both his eyes. For he did not leave him for himself in the snares, but he became an enemy to his own mouth especially. And also the manner of Maximinianus, who caused him to be troubled while alive, and his tongue was loosened within his mouth, because he blasphemed against the cross. And also it destroyed Julian the Apostate, the cross, because he abandoned it. That apostate became a head of the devil, like the Antichrist, blaspheming the holy scriptures, which he recited many times, because he confessed with his mouth of untruth.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary; the pairing with ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲓⲕⲟⲥ (cleric) reflects a standard late antique hierarchy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ is rendered 'church' per the pinned glossary; here it refers to the physical building, as the context is construction (ⲕⲉⲧ).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Diocletian (ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is invoked as a persecutor of Christians; the claim that the cross made him blind in both eyes is a hagiographic trope, not historical.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Julian the Apostate (ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is described as a 'head of the devil' and compared to the Antichrist, reflecting the standard Christian polemic against his reign (361–363 CE).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲩ...ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"A series of negative clauses (ⲙⲉⲩ...ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦) lists liturgical actions impossible without the cross, building rhetorical emphasis before the historical exempla.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛϯⲭⲣ︤ⲥ︥","severity":"caution","text":"ⲡⲁⲛϯⲭⲣ︤ⲥ︥ is a Coptic rendering of 'Antichrist'; the manuscript may have a scribal abbreviation or corruption, but the sense is clear from context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦' is read as 'without the cross' throughout; the Coptic ⲁϫⲛ̄ can also mean 'except' or 'besides', but the liturgical context supports 'without'.","The name ⲙⲁⲝⲓⲙⲓⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ likely refers to Maximinus Daia or a similar persecutor; the exact historical referent is ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":49,"ref":"p49","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲩϣⲁⲁⲧϥ̄ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲓⲟϣⲟⲩ (sic) ⲁⲓⲧϭⲁⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩ (sic)ⲓ Ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲟϣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲛⲟⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ : ⲉⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ • ⲉⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲕⲁⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • Ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϫⲁϫⲉ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲣⲉ (sic) ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲩⲥⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ\nⲉϥⲟⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ : ⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲱ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄|ⲉϩⲧⲟⲟⲣ • ⲁⲩⲱϩ (sic) ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ϣⲁ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ :\nⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϫⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲛ̄ ⲉⲣ ϫⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲛ︤ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ :Ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :\nⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϩⲱⲡ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ :-Ⲁⲩϣⲱⲱⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ :-Ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄","english":"not with its unbreakable bond. For he did not wash them, nor did he honor them. Truly, he did not wash them, nor did he care for them. For he understood their intention, and he gave glory to the veneration of the Christians, which is the cross. He will not die a bad death. For he became an enemy of the cross of life. Because of this, the rest of the water, which they pour out, he drank it, opposing himself, that lawless one there, for he drank from the midst of the waters of the river. And he himself was drowned. And his body did not receive a tomb, like a poor man, nor did his body receive burial. Since he became an enemy of the holy cross. Therefore, let us not love the work of those there, for their destruction will come. Let us not become enemies of the cross, lest what happened to the Jews happen to us. For those who mocked the wood of the holy cross, wishing to hide it, they cut off their own children with their own hands. They ate from outside","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the corpse of the lawless one, denied a tomb or burial, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts where it denotes the corpse after death.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϣⲱⲱⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The image of parents cutting off their own children echoes the curse in Deuteronomy 28:53–57 and the cannibalism during sieges in 2 Kings 6:28–29, here applied as divine punishment for mocking the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲥⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄|ⲉϩⲧⲟⲟⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The lawless one drinks from the river and drowns, a motif recalling the fate of Pharaoh in the Red Sea (Exodus 14:27–28), used here to typologize the enemy of the cross as a new Pharaoh.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative to exhortation with ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ (therefore), a common homiletic device in Coptic apocrypha, warning the audience against imitating the enemies of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓⲟϣⲟⲩ (sic) ⲁⲓⲧϭⲁⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩ (sic)ⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text shows scribal errors: ⲁⲓⲟϣⲟⲩ likely for ⲁϥⲟϣⲟⲩ (he washed them) and ⲁⲓⲧϭⲁⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲓ for ⲁϥⲧϭⲁⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩ (he honored them). The English draft follows the intended sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲛ︤ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The warning that the fate of the Jews may befall the audience reflects anti-Jewish polemic common in Coptic Christian literature, where Jews are portrayed as archetypal enemies of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the lawless one (ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ) is not specified; it may refer to a historical figure (e.g., Julian the Apostate) or a typological enemy of the cross.","The phrase ⲡⲕⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲣⲉ (sic) is corrupt; the translation 'the rest of the water' is conjectural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":50,"ref":"p50","source":"ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲃ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛϩ̄ⲕⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥ :- | ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲧⲧⲟⲗⲙⲏⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ ⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲟⲛ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϩⲱⲡ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲡⲡⲟⲥ :\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲓⲛⲛⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟ ϩⲃ̄ⲣⲉⲟⲥ : Ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲣⲭⲓⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ\nⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲱ̄\nⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲓⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲧⲉ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ : ϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ ⲧⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲁⲇⲁⲙ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲁ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ | ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟϥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ • Ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲁⲇⲁⲙ ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ̄ ⲧ[ⲉⲓ] ⲛ̄ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲡⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣⲉϥⲡⲉⲣϣ̄ ⲛϥ̄ϭⲓϫ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲉ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲩⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ :\nϣⲁⲛⲧ ϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲛⲱ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡ[ⲧ]ⲣⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣϣ̄ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ϣⲗⲏⲗ :-ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛ\nⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩϯ\nⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ • ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ • | ⲉ\nⲡⲓ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲡϩ̄ⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲛ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲕⲱⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲙⲁⲓ\nⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲣ̄ⲣⲟ : Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲁ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲣ̄\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ •","english":"they themselves were not pure, because of the great hunger, to be loosed by the God of truth, Jesus Christ. The Lord, because of the audacity they brought into his mouth, for they sold him. And again they wished to hide his holy cross, according to what Joseph and Ierinnaios the Apocryphal said in their archialogies concerning what happened to the Jews. But it shall not be, O brethren, that we should lack faith in Christ and his holy cross, so that all the evil ones do not come upon us, for great is the power of the cross. I will dare to say that the father of all humanity, Adam, and all his children, who are we, and this one whom God created according to his likeness and image. If Adam resembles the image of God according to the scriptures, is not the entire cross the God the Word, when he stretched out his hands upon the holy cross? For it became a type of him, until he saved us from our sins, we who believe in him, even as we ourselves bear his type, when we stretch out our hands in prayer. Therefore, let us follow our orthodox fathers, who have rested, giving glory to the saving cross. I will tell you, however, the great chapter, the most of which God has granted us through Constantine, the God-loving king. This one who shone like a star giving light.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'God of truth' (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ) is a standard epithet in Coptic Christian literature, echoing biblical usage (e.g., Ps 31:5 LXX).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲡⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲓⲛⲛⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟ ϩⲃ̄ⲣⲉⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Joseph and Ierinnaios the Apocryphal are otherwise unknown figures; 'Apocryphal' may indicate a pseudepigraphic source or a title of a lost work. Their 'archialogies' (ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ) likely refer to ancient accounts or foundational narratives.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'according to his likeness and image' echoes Gen 1:26, a key proof-text for the typological argument that Adam prefigures the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ ⲧⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'I will dare to say' marks a rhetorical climax, introducing the typological identification of Adam's outstretched hands with the cross. This is a common homiletic device in Pseudo-Cyril.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲣ̄ⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine the God-loving king is invoked as the discoverer of the cross, a tradition popularized by the fourth-century Helena legend. This reflects the work's post-Constantinian reception context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲣⲭⲓⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'archialogies' (ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ) is a hapax in this corpus; its meaning is uncertain. It may be a loan from Greek ἀρχαιολογία, but the Coptic spelling suggests a scribal or dialectal variant.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Joseph and Ierinnaios the Apocryphal' is unclear; they may be invented authorities.","The phrase 'the great chapter' (ⲡⲓ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ) could refer to a textual division or a doctrinal summary; the sense is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":51,"ref":"p51","source":"ⲉ ⲁϥϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ :-ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲛ\nⲕⲱⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡϩ̄ⲟⲩⲟ :-Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲁ\nⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϯⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉϥⲉⲣϩⲙ̄ⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲕⲟⲥⲙⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ • ⲉϥⲕⲱ\nⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ϩⲗ̄ⲡⲓⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲉⲛ | ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲁϥϭⲱ ⲉϥⲧⲏϭ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉⲥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲣ̄ϣⲧⲁⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛ︤ⲣ︥ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ :-Ⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲁⲉⲓ̈ⲟ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛ︦ⲕ︦ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ϩⲩⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲡ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϫⲁϫⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲙ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲟ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ •Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ : ⲉⲧ ⲡⲟⲣϣ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲁⲝⲓⲙⲓⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯ[ⲛⲟⲥ] |\nⲛⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲩϭⲓⲛⲣ̄ϩⲱⲃ • Ⲉⲛϥ̄ⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲃⲉⲥ ⲉϥⲣ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ :-Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲡⲩⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲁⲃⲉ •","english":"he appeared to us from heaven; this is Constantine. He was a shoot from good roots, a lover of God above all. Therefore Christ gave glory to him through his holy cross, so that he would be honored in every place and in every city until the day of his death. This one adorned the churches with every kind of royal decoration, placing his hope in God, Christ Jesus, and his holy cross. He remained steadfast within his faith, with a firm trust, and he opened the gate of the heavens for those who serve idols. He granted great honor to the orthodox fathers, the bishops, and the holy churches in every place that submitted to him. He hid their enemies, he cast them down, namely Constantine, who gave glory to the holy cross. And this one does not know the cross of old, because of the multitude of his idolatry, which was scattered in every place by the apostate emperors Diocletian and Maximian. But Constantine was from righteous and Christian parents, and he himself became like them in their manner of work. For he was like a lamp shining light for all those who are on the whole earth. Therefore everyone desires to see him, because of his wisdom and his intelligence.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine is the emperor Constantine I (r. 306–337 CE), here presented as a model Christian ruler who honors the cross. The text contrasts him with the apostate emperors Diocletian and Maximian.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲁⲝⲓⲙⲓⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Diocletian and Maximian are the Roman emperors who initiated the Great Persecution (303–311 CE). The text labels them 'apostate' (ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ), reflecting the Christian view of their anti-Christian policies.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲣ̄ϣⲧⲁⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲣⲡⲏⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'opened the gate of the heavens' echoes the imagery of divine access found in passages such as Revelation 4:1 and Acts 7:56, though no direct quotation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲕⲟⲥⲙⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲩⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a laudatory digression on Constantine, interrupting the narrative of the cross's discovery. It uses a series of relative clauses to praise his piety and church-building, typical of encomiastic rhetoric in Coptic homilies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'orthodox fathers, bishops, and holy churches' reflects the post-Constantinian ecclesiastical hierarchy that the text seeks to legitimize. This aligns with the work's aim to affirm the cross's veneration within orthodox tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'this one does not know the cross of old' is ambiguous: it may refer to Constantine's ignorance of the pre-Constantinian cross (i.e., the instrument of crucifixion) or to a contrast with the 'new' cross revealed in the discovery. The Coptic ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ is a variant spelling of ⲡⲉⲥⳁⲟⲥ (the cross).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'this one does not know the cross of old' (ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄) is ambiguous: it could mean Constantine was ignorant of the pre-Constantinian cross, or it could be a textual corruption. The reading taken follows the English draft's interpretation of ignorance due to idolatry.","The Coptic ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟⲥ is a variant spelling of ⲡⲉⲥⳁⲟⲥ (the cross), but the supralinear stroke may indicate a scribal abbreviation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":52,"ref":"p52","source":"ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ :-Ⲉϥⲥⲁϩⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ\nⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲁ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲝⲉⲣⲭⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ :-Ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲛ︤ⲣ︦ⲣ︥ⲟ ⲡⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ︤ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︥ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲓⲟⲛ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲏⲥ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ ϣⲁ[ⲣ]ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲑⲃ̄ⲃⲓⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲓ | ϩⲏ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲛϥ̄ⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϥϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲗⲟⲓⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲟ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ︤ⲥⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ :-ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϣⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲭⲁⲗⲗⲁⲙⲁⲭ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ︤ⲥⲟⲥ • ⲛⲉⲩⲟϣ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲛⲏ :-Ⲁⲩϯ\nⲃⲉⲕⲉ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉϯ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲃⲟⲓⲑⲓⲁ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧϩ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ : Ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲁⲑⲣⲁ ϩⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϫⲏⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲡⲟⲗⲩ|ⲙⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱϥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲛ̄ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ •","english":"with his courage. He was far removed from every form of idolatry. Because of this, Diocletian loved him and entrusted the entire empire into his hands, for he was a fellow king from the race of the ancient Roman kings. And he was a polymist solely, but as for every war he went to, the Lord would humble the enemy before him, because he loved him. It happened one day during the war, the God-loving King Constantine, while fighting against the Persians in his youth, in a place called Challamach, and the multitude of Persians were more numerous than he. They gave bribes to seven other nations so that they would join them in giving aid to them. And they said, \"We will take all the territories of Romania and leave none for them.\" They built bridges over the rivers so that they could cross the strait. And they said, \"We will kill Constantine the polymarch, who has destroyed our entire territory.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πολυμιστής (polymistēs) is rare; here it likely means 'commander of many forces' or 'great warrior', not 'polymath'. The English draft's 'polymist' is a transliteration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πολυμάρχος (polymarchos) means 'commander of many' or 'general of a large force'. The English draft's 'polymarch' is a transliteration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Diocletian (Roman emperor 284–305) is here portrayed as Constantine's predecessor and patron, an anachronism: Constantine's reign began after Diocletian's abdication. This reflects the legendary chronology of the Invention of the Cross cycle.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲭⲁⲗⲗⲁⲙⲁⲭ","severity":"info","text":"The place name 'Challamach' is unattested in historical sources; it may be a Coptic corruption of a Persian or Syriac toponym, or a legendary battlefield invented for the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a panegyric on Constantine's piety to a battle narrative, introduced by 'It happened one day' (ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ). The sequence of bribes, bridges, and threats builds tension before the divine intervention expected in the following passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧϩ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'all the territories of Romania' (ⲛⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧϩ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲁ) uses 'Romania' to mean the Roman Empire, not the modern nation. The Coptic text is partly damaged; the reading is secure from context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲏⲥ could also be interpreted as 'polymath' (one skilled in many arts), but the military context favors 'commander of many forces'.","The place name ⲭⲁⲗⲗⲁⲙⲁⲭ is unattested; its vocalization and location are uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":53,"ref":"p53","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ϯⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛϥ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ :-Ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲡⲛⲁ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲧϥ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲓ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ :-Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ\nϣⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ︤ⲥⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣ ⲛ̄ⲙⲓϣⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲛ̄ⲉⲣⲏⲩ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲉⲡϯ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲁⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲙⲉⲓϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲧⲛ̄ :-Ⲉⲓⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲕⲱ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲛ̄ⲭⲱⲣⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲁⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ︤ⲥⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ϭⲱⲧⲡ̄ ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ : | ⲉϥⲛ̄ⲕⲱⲧⲕ̄ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲟⲕϩ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ :-Ⲁ ⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ ⲥⲁϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ ϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡϩ̄ⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲗⲩⲡⲉⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ :Ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲥⲓⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ :ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲥⲏϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲉⲓⲕⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲱϣ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲩⲥⲏϩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲡⲟⲥ :-Ϫⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ϯ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ :Ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲕ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉⲛϥ̄ⲟ ⲛ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓ\n[ⲙ]ⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥ[ⲧ]ⲣⲉ ⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲏ[ⲏⲃ] | ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲟϭ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲝⲉⲣⲭ̄ⲉⲇⲱⲛ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲁϥϫⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ :-Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ϩⲟⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ\nⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲁ ⲫⲓⲃⲗⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲣϥ̄ϫⲣⲟ •","english":"We then went to Antioch, and we took the king and all his wealth and his captives. But Constantine was troubled in his spirit, saying, \"Who is it that has the power to fight against this multitude of nations?\" When he arose, he sent to the Persians, saying to them, \"Do not fight against each other until I take counsel with myself and with the multitude. If I am not able to fight against you, I will give you the country, and I will withdraw.\" And in this manner the Persians rejoiced, thinking that Constantine had fled from them. Constantine turned away that night, his heart heavy with grief. The window was open beside him, and his eyes were gazing up to the sky, thinking of a way out through the greatness of the grief that was with him. He saw in the midst of the heavens a cross of light, and there were letters written upon it in Roman characters, and he read the letters that were written in that form: \"Constantine, through this sign you will conquer those who are against you. And seek God of the fathers, and you will find him.\" And when he arose in the morning, he was amazed, and he said, \"Which God is this sign?\" And he summoned the priests and all the great of the entire exarchy, and he asked them about the sign that he had seen, \"Which of the gods is this sign?\" Some of them said to him, \"It is the Pantos, the Phiblarion, the conqueror.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'sky' here because Constantine gazes upward in distress; in this cosmological context the abode-of-God sense is secondary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'through this sign you will conquer' echoes the famous vision of Constantine (in hoc signo vinces), here adapted into Coptic with ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ('the sign') and ⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲣⲟ ('you will conquer').","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲁ ⲫⲓⲃⲗⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The priests identify the sign as 'Pantos, the Phiblarion, the conqueror'. Pantos may be a garbled reference to a deity or epithet; Phiblarion likely derives from Latin fibularius or a similar term, but the exact referent is obscure.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ϯⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a first-person plural narrative voice ('We then went to Antioch'), which is unusual in this text and may indicate a shift to a collective narrator or a scribal interpolation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The reading ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ is uncertain; the Coptic text may be corrupt. Some editors emend to ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ ('Pantocrator'), but the manuscript evidence is unclear.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Pantos' and 'Phiblarion' is ambiguous; they may be garbled divine names or epithets.","The first-person plural 'we' in the opening sentence is ambiguous—it may refer to the narrator and a group, or be a scribal convention."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":54,"ref":"p54","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ\nⲡⲟⲗⲟⲓⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲉ ϯ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ :-Ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲟⲩⲉ\nⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲡϩⲩⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲧⲛ̄\nⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϯ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϫⲣⲟ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲟⲥ :-Ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲁϥ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲉ","english":"And the victor of the battle revealed himself to you, to give you the crown. And thus let us go out to him. Others also said, \"This is Heracles; it is he who goes out to him.\" For they are the ones who wish to give you the crown in the battle. Constantine, however, did not know what he would do. If he were a Christian, or a son of Christians, and he did not know...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ ⲡⲟⲗⲟⲓⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the victor of the battle' is ambiguous: it could refer to a human champion or a divine figure. The Coptic ⲡⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ (p-ref-ji) is a compound of the definite article and a verbal noun, 'the one who takes'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Ϩⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Heracles (Hercules) is invoked by the crowd as a pagan hero. This reflects the syncretistic milieu of late antique Egypt, where classical mythology persisted in Christian apocrypha.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from direct address ('revealed himself to you') to reported speech ('Others also said'), then to Constantine's internal doubt. This alternation of voices is typical of the narrative style in this apocryphon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic 'thus let us go out to him' is syntactically ambiguous: ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲧⲛ̄ could be a cohortative ('let us go out') or a circumstantial. The English draft takes the cohortative reading, which is plausible but not certain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Heracles as a rival to Christian victory motifs shows how this text negotiates between pagan and Christian heroic ideals, a feature noted in studies of Coptic apocrypha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the victor of the battle' (ⲡⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ ⲡⲟⲗⲟⲓⲙⲟⲥ) is unclear: it may be a divine figure (Christ) or a human champion. The text does not resolve this.","The phrase ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ is ambiguous between a cohortative ('let us go out') and a circumstantial clause; the English draft adopts the cohortative reading."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":55,"ref":"p55","source":"ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ | ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲕⲏⲧ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲟⲣϣⲣ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ :-Ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟϥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲟⲅⲙⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ :-Ⲉⲧⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲉϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛ̄ϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲕⲓⲟⲥ :-ⲁϥϯ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲩⲥⲓⲅⲛⲓⲟⲥ :-ⲉⲩⲥⲁⲓⲉ ⲧⲟⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲟⲅⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ :-Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ\nⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩ|ϩⲱⲡ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲁⲡ ⲡⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ :-Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲡⲁ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ :-Ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ :-Ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲙⲁⲁⲃ ϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉ • ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • Ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲟⲩ • ⲛ︤ⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡ|ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲛ̄[ⲇ]ⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲛⲟϫⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ :-ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲃϩ̄ ⲁϥⲧⲉⲃⲃⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲩ • ϩⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϣⲓ̈\nϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁϥⲁⲁⲩ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁⲩⲕⲱϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ •","english":"The sign of the cross, because there was no church built at that time, nor did the cross appear, because that was the time when the churches were destroyed in it. For he was born at the time of the persecution. But he turned his face inward toward Christ and his fathers in secret. Still, Constantine the patrician was thinking of these things. A soldier gave his face, a strong and godly man, whose name was Eusignius. Eusignius now did not reveal himself, because it was the time of the persecution. But he turned his face to Constantine and said to him in secret, \"My lord, listen to the word of your servant. The sign that you saw in the sky is not of the gods of Diocletian the king. But it is of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God, and he came down to this world, he took flesh in the holy virgin Mary. He made the flesh and the divinity one of a kind. He spent thirty-three years, he did all the works of humanity, except sin alone. He performed great healings. The dead he raised, the blind he gave light, demons he cast out. The leprous he cleansed, the sick he healed. Simply, there is no number of his wonders and the powers he did on earth. The godless Jews envied him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (from Greek ἐκκλησία) here refers to the physical church building, as indicated by the verb ⲕⲏⲧ (built).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (Greek παρθένος) is used in the fixed Marian sense, modifying Mary as the holy virgin, consistent with Coptic homiletic usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Diocletian (Roman emperor, 284–305 CE) is named as the king whose gods are contrasted with Christ; his reign is associated with the Great Persecution (303–311 CE), which fits the narrative's time of persecution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲥⲓⲅⲛⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Eusignius is introduced as a soldier who reveals the meaning of the sign to Constantine, serving as a narrative pivot from Constantine's ignorance to the Christological confession that follows.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲙⲁⲁⲃ ϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The statement that Christ spent thirty-three years on earth echoes the traditional chronology of Jesus' life, though not a direct scriptural citation; it aligns with Luke 3:23 and patristic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The sign seen in the sky is ambiguous: it may refer to a cross or a chi-rho; the Coptic ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ (sign) and ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ (cross) earlier in the passage suggest the cross, but the vision narrative is not fully detailed here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'sign' (ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ) seen by Constantine is not explicitly described as a cross or chi-rho; the text earlier mentions ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ, but the vision itself is left vague.","The phrase 'he turned his face inward toward Christ and his fathers in secret' (ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ) is ambiguous: 'his fathers' could refer to Christian ancestors or to the patriarchs."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":56,"ref":"p56","source":"ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲛⲉϩϥ̄ :-ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟ[ⲧ]ϥ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲧⲟⲥ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲁⲗⲉⲥϯⲛⲏ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ϯⲃⲉⲣⲓⲁ̈ⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲉ ⲉ ϩⲁⲡ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ\nⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ :-Ⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ • ⲁⲩⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲁⲍⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲇⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣ[ⲉ] | ⲛⲁϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲇⲉ\nⲛ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄","english":"They raised him up, they bound him, and they handed him over to the governor Pilate, the hegemon, who began the trial. He was released from the hand of the Tiberias, and when he did not reach the judgment of death, he wished to release him. But the Jews became angry, they rioted, and against his will he handed him over to them. They did to him according to their will. Then the Jews took Jesus, they lifted him up onto a piece of wood of the cross, and they crucified him along with two others. He died upon it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ (hēgemōn) is used for Pilate, reflecting the Roman administrative title. In Coptic tradition, this term often appears in passion narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'lifted him onto a piece of wood of the cross' echoes the canonical crucifixion accounts (e.g., Matt 27:32–35; Mark 15:24–27). The mention of two others crucified with Jesus is a detail found in the Gospel of John (19:18).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲁⲗⲉⲥϯⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲧⲡⲁⲗⲉⲥϯⲛⲏ (palestinē) refers to the Roman province of Palestine. This geographical marker situates the narrative within the broader Roman administrative context of the early first century.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage transitions from the trial before Pilate to the crucifixion, following a sequential narrative pattern common in Coptic apocryphal passion accounts. The rapid shift from Pilate's reluctance to the Jews' riot and execution is typical of this genre.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ('they raised him up, they bound him') is ambiguous: it may refer to Jesus being bound for trial or to a preliminary binding before crucifixion. The English draft interprets it as part of the arrest sequence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ could be read as 'they raised him up to bind him' or 'they raised him up and bound him'; the exact sequence of events is unclear.","The reference to 'Tiberias' (ⲧⲓⲃⲉⲣⲓⲁⲥ) is ambiguous: it may denote a person (perhaps a Roman official) or a place; the text does not clarify."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":57,"ref":"p57","source":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ ⲙϩ̄ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • Ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲧ̄ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉϥⲥⲱⲕ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ :-Ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩⲥⲓⲅⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲕ(sic) ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲡⲓ ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nϯ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲣⲟ • ϯⲛⲁ | ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ :-ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛ̄ϯⲛⲟⲥ • ϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲁϥⲕⲱ ϩⲓ̈ ϫⲱϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲁϥⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ : Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲑⲉⲥⲙⲉⲓⲁ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛ̄ϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲥⲙⲛⲧⲥ̄\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ︤ⲥⲟⲥ • ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ :-ⲁⲩϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲉ ⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲑⲁⲣⲣⲉⲓ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • Ⲁ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲇⲉ ϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲣⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ : Ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ ϩⲁ ⲧϥ̄ϩⲏ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ︤ⲥⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲩϩⲓⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ\nϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲟϣ :-Ⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • |\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲟⲩ ⲕⲱ[ⲛⲥ]ⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲉⲩⲥⲏⲃⲉ ⲧⲟⲕⲙ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • ⲉⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄\nⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲣⲟ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁϥⲕⲧⲟϥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲣⲓⲑⲙⲟⲥ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ •","english":"the cross. And they brought him down, they placed him in a tomb. He rose on the third day, according to the scriptures. He went up into the heavens, he sat at the right hand of God, and he comes to judge the living and the dead, drawing after him this sign which you saw in the sky. Constantine, when he heard these things from Eusignius, said, \"Truly, the sign which I saw, give me the victory. I will believe in it, that it is the God of the fathers.\" And immediately Constantine took his good spear, he placed on it a cross of gold, he set it before him. And when the preparation of Constantine was completed with the Persians, they went forth to wage war with them. Constantine, trusting in the sign which he had seen in the sky, went forth. The Lord gave him the victory from the sky on that day. The whole multitude of the Persians and all those with them fled before him, two of them going on a single road, and they were slain among them up to their borders. When Constantine saw with his eyes... Constantine, among a multitude of soldiers, their swords drawn in their hands, pursuing them. And when the victory came to him through the cross, he turned back into the city with his number of soldiers.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article marks this as God, consistent with Christian usage in Sahidic homilies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ ⲙϩ̄ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Echoes the resurrection on the third day (cf. 1 Cor 15:4) and the formula 'according to the scriptures' (1 Cor 15:3–4).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Alludes to Christ's session at the right hand of God (cf. Mark 16:19; Acts 7:55–56).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine I, Roman emperor (306–337 CE), is here depicted as receiving a vision of the cross and using it in battle against the Persians, a legendary motif found in later hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'in the sky' (ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ) may be read as 'in heaven' (the abode of God); the context of a vision seen by Constantine favours 'sky' as a physical location.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲉ ⲧⲣ ϥ̄ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The battle against the Persians is anachronistic; Constantine's historical campaigns were against Maxentius and Licinius. This reflects later legendary expansions of the cross legend.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲧⲡⲉ could mean 'sky' or 'heaven'; the context of a vision seen by Constantine favours 'sky'.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ is ambiguous: 'the sign which you saw in the sky' or 'the sign which you saw in heaven'.","The text after ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ is corrupt (marked by ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨), making the following clause uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":58,"ref":"p58","source":"ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲗⲏⲥⲥⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲥⲩⲛ̄ⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟ\nϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲟⲩ ϫⲓⲛⲉ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • Ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲕⲁⲑⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲧ ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲡⲁⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲟⲅⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ :-Ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϫϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ̈ϫⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲛⲟⲓ̄ⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁ ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲃⲟⲩⲗⲉⲩⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ | ⲙⲛ̄","english":"None of them offended. And these things happened according to what the synographers of the Hebrews wrote from the beginning. But God, who establishes the kings and moves them, struck Diocletian in both his eyes because of what he did in his service of idols. And in this manner they cast him out from his throne. And through the providence of God, the unsynclitus and the bouleuterion of the two cities, Rome and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲩⲛ̄ⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲩⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'synographers of the Hebrews' likely refers to the authors of the Old Testament, perhaps the evangelists or scribes. The term ⲥⲩⲛ̄ⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲩⲥ is a Greek loanword (συγγραφεύς) meaning 'writer' or 'historian'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲟⲅⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Diocletian (ⲇⲓⲟⲅⲗⲏϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is the Roman emperor known for the Great Persecution of Christians (303–311 CE). His blinding here is a legendary punishment for idolatry, common in Coptic martyrdom narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ is a Greek loanword (σύγκλητος) meaning 'senate' or 'council'. The prefix ⲛⲁⲧ- may be a scribal error or variant for ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ (of the). The 'unsynclitus' likely refers to the Roman Senate.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲟⲩⲗⲉⲩⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲃⲟⲩⲗⲉⲩⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ is a Greek loanword (βουλευτήριον) meaning 'council chamber' or 'town council'. Here it denotes the municipal council of Rome and Constantinople, reflecting late antique administrative structures.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage transitions from Eusignius's narration of Christ's resurrection and ascension to Constantine's response, then shifts to God's punishment of Diocletian. The phrase 'And through the providence of God' introduces a new narrative segment about the deposition of Diocletian.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'unsynclitus' is uncertain; the Coptic ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ may be a corruption of ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ ('of the senate'). The text is fragmentary, and the exact sense of the phrase is ambiguous.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲩⲛⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ is ambiguous: it may be a scribal error for 'of the senate' or a compound meaning 'the unsynclitus' (a transliteration).","The text breaks off mid-sentence at 'Rome and', leaving the completion uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":59,"ref":"p59","source":"ⲧⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ ⲁⲩϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲑⲙ̄ⲥⲱϥ\nⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲣⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧ̄ⲉϭⲣⲏⲡⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲛ̄\nⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲱⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩⲥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ :-ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲛⲱⲧ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ\nⲛⲁϣⲱⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕ̄ⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲱⲗⲏ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ\nⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲣⲟ ⲧⲏⲣⲉⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟ[ⲩⲛ]|ⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁ ⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲃ • ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲉⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ :Ⲉϥⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲉⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲙⲁ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ :-Ⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ :-Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ [ⲉ] ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲥ|[ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ\nⲕⲁ]ⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲣ︥ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉ\nϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲉⲣⲣⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϭⲣⲏⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ\nⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲁϩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩϣⲧⲁⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲣ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ •","english":"The anarchy happened to Constantine. They seated him upon the throne of Rome. They placed upon him the crown of the kingdom and the purple. And the great ones of the two cities gave him gifts. And they glorified God because of his goodness and his philanthropy, which he revealed outwardly to everyone. Immediately he released all the prisoners everywhere, as he granted a lasting peace to the churches. He wrote an epistle to the Orthodox bishop in every place, that they should pray for him and for his entire kingdom, that God might protect him. And a great peace surrounded him on every side. With great good things, God granted them to the churches through his hand and through the presidents of the churches. It was fitting for them to build churches everywhere, for the glory of his kingdom. A son was born to him. He named him Constantius, after his own name. After these things, another was born to him. He named him Constans, also after his name, from the great to the small. They placed upon them the crown of the kingdom and the purple. And they informed King Constantine that they worship idols in many places. And immediately he sent a decree to every city, that they should destroy the temples.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loan ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (εἰρήνη) appears twice: first as 'lasting peace' granted to churches, then as 'great peace' surrounding Constantine. The glossary notes that ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is liturgical, but here the context is civil and ecclesiastical order.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (ἐπίσκοπος) is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. The text specifies 'the Orthodox bishop' (ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ), a rare qualifier in Coptic apocrypha that may reflect post-Chalcedonian polemic.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative of Constantine's accession, release of prisoners, and anti-idol decrees draws on the 'Donation of Constantine' legend and Eusebian hagiography. The phrase 'anarchy happened to Constantine' (ⲧⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ ⲁⲩϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ) likely refers to the civil war after Diocletian's abdication.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a hinge: Constantine's peaceful reign and church-building are followed by the birth of his sons and the report of idolatry, which triggers the temple destruction decree. The sequence mirrors the 'Discovery of the Cross' plot, where Helena's mission presupposes Constantine's authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The son named Constantius (ⲕⲟⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ) is historically Constantine II, but the text conflates him with Constantius II. The second son Constans (ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ) is correct. The Coptic scribe may have confused the names or followed a legendary source.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Constantine granting peace to churches and building churches 'for the glory of his kingdom' reflects the post-Constantinian ideal of a Christian emperor. This passage was likely used in Coptic homilies to legitimize church-building under Arab rule.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]}],"ambiguities":["ⲧⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ: 'anarchy' or 'chaos' — the Coptic may translate Greek ἀναρχία, but the exact historical referent (Diocletian's abdication? civil war?) is unclear.","ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ: 'the Orthodox bishop' — whether this is a specific bishop (e.g., Sylvester of Rome) or a generic title is ambiguous.","ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲉⲥⲧⲟⲥ: 'presidents' (πρόεστος) — could refer to bishops or monastic superiors; the context suggests church leaders."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":60,"ref":"p60","source":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲃⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲟϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲉⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩϫⲱⲱⲣⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲕ︦ⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ :-Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛ̄|ϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲟⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ϩⲓ\nϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲑⲓ̈ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ","english":"they took their crowns and placed them on the proestos of the churches. And they found great sums of money within them; they distributed them for the building of the churches according to place, according to the command of the king. Constantine arose quickly, taking with him his mother and his sister the virgin, and a magnificent retinue, and a multitude of soldiers and servants, and great holy bishops. He went with them into Jerusalem. And he caused them to bring","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲉⲥⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword προεστώς (proestos) means 'president' or 'superior'; here it likely refers to the presiding bishop or senior clergy of the churches, not a specific office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'virgin' (Greek παρθένος) is applied to Constantine's sister, not to Mary. In this context it denotes her unmarried, consecrated status, consistent with hagiographic convention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative of Constantine's mother Helena and his sister accompanying him to Jerusalem is a legendary expansion of the historical Helena's journey to locate the True Cross, as recorded by Eusebius and later elaborated in Coptic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from Constantine's political consolidation (crowns, gifts, peace) to his religious mission: distributing wealth for church building and departing for Jerusalem with clergy and family.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲩϣⲟϣⲧ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'their crowns' (ⲛⲉⲩϣⲟϣⲧ̄) is ambiguous: it may refer to the crowns of the 'great ones' from the previous passage, or to imperial regalia. The English draft interprets them as the dignitaries' crowns placed on church officials.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of those who 'took their crowns' is unclear from the Coptic alone; the antecedent may be the 'great ones of the two cities' from the previous passage.","The phrase 'ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲃⲓ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲟϣⲧ̄' could be read as 'they took their crowns' or 'they took the crowns' (with possessive pronoun).","The destination 'into Jerusalem' (ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲑⲓ̈ⲉⲗⲏⲙ) is clear, but the purpose of the journey is only implied by the following clause (ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ 'he caused them to bring')."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":61,"ref":"p61","source":"ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • Ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓϣⲉ ⲉⲛ̄ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ :-ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ\nⲡⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲛ︤︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ :-Ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ • | ⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲓⲛ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲁⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ • Ⲁⲩϣⲱϥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲣⲟⲕϩ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ :-Ⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲛ︤ⲛ︦ⲛ︥ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄\nϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱϯⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲝⲟⲣⲓ̈ⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ϣⲟϫⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲣⲱⲙⲉⲟⲥ ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ :Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲩⲙⲟⲣⲉⲓⲁ ϭⲉⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ [ⲧⲁ]|ⲙⲟⲓ\nⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄\nⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ :Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ :-Ⲟⲩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲟⲓ ⲉ ϯ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲁⲛ : ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ\nⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ •","english":"...to him. The great ones of the Jews, and he inquired from them, \"I wish for you to tell me the place of the wood of the cross where they crucified Jesus, and the tomb in which they placed the body of God, according to the dignity of my kingdom.\" The Jews said, \"O Lord King, it is a great time since they crucified Jesus. It is more than many generations ago. For this city was destroyed and burned by the king Vespasian. He killed our ancestors of old, and he took them captive, and he exiled them to Egypt. If a few escaped the destruction of Vespasian, behold, we are now slaves of the Lord King, the Romans, until now.\" The king said to them, \"Great folly clings to you, that you do not wish to tell me the place where they crucified the Lord, and the wood of the holy cross, and the tomb in which they placed his body.\" The Jews answered, saying, \"O Lord King, inquire of those who know the law well among the Jews, and the chief priests among them. And they will tell the king what he seeks. There is one among us who knows this city, for they know what the king seeks.\" And the king said to them, \"Tell me those who know the law well among you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ (ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ) is a loanword from Greek σταυρός, meaning 'cross'. The scribal abbreviation with a supralinear stroke is common in Coptic manuscripts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the body of God' (ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) refers to the corpse of Jesus. In Coptic martyrdom and passion literature, ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death denotes the corpse, consistent with the burial context here.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The name Vespasian (ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ) refers to the Roman emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus (r. 69–79 CE). The text anachronistically attributes the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile of Jews to him, conflating events of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) with later traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between Constantine and the Jewish elders, structured as a request for information (the location of the cross and tomb) met with evasion and a referral to legal experts. The repetition of the king's demand and the Jews' deflection builds narrative tension.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Jews concealing the location of the cross and tomb appears in later medieval legends of the Invention of the Cross, such as the Latin 'Vindicta Salvatoris' and the Old English 'Elene'. This Coptic version may represent an early Eastern Christian development of that tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲛ︤︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'according to the dignity of my kingdom' (ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲛ︤︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ) is ambiguous: it may mean 'as befits my royal rank' or 'in accordance with the authority of my kingdom'. The reading 'dignity' follows Budge's translation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲛ︤︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ could be read as 'according to the dignity of my kingdom' or 'in accordance with the authority of my kingdom'; the former is adopted here.","The identity of 'those who know the law' (ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ) is ambiguous: it may refer to Jewish scribes or to Christian converts among the Jews; the text does not specify."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":62,"ref":"p62","source":"ⲧⲛ̄ | [one line wanting] ⲕⲁ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲏⲓ̈ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲣⲁⲛ\nⲓ︦ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲓ︦ⲁ︦ⲙ︦ⲉ︦ⲓ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲁⲃⲓⲇⲱⲛ • ⲁ︦ⲇ︦ⲱ︦ⲑ︦ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ • ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ • ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ • ⲓ︦ⲁ︦ⲥ︦ⲥ︦ⲱ︦ⲛ︦ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲱⲛϩ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁ\nⲡⲕⲉ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ • ⲉⲓⲉ ⲧⲁⲭⲏ • ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ :-Ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲁⲛ","english":"...you. Go in peace to your homes. And they gave him seven men, saying, \"These are the ones who know the law well, for they are the high priests.\" And these are their names: Judas, James, Abidon, Adonias, Jesus, Silom, Jason. And the king said to them, \"If you wish to live in the life of this world and the other world, then quickly tell me the place of the wood of the cross of my Lord Jesus Christ, and the tomb in which they placed his body.\" If you do not wish...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order. It closes the king's dismissal of the Jews.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders 'Lord' for Christ in homilies. Here it is part of the title ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦, 'my Lord Jesus Christ'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ here refers to the corpse of Christ, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts for the body after death.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of seven high priests (Judas, James, Abidon, Adonias, Jesus, Silom, Jason) is not biblical; it reflects a legendary tradition about Jewish authorities at the time of the Cross discovery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic has a lacuna: ⲧⲛ̄ | [one line wanting] ⲕⲁ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄. The English draft supplies '...you. Go in peace to your homes', but the missing line may have contained a verb or address.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the king's dismissal of the Jews to the introduction of seven high priests, then to the king's conditional demand. The conditional ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ... ⲉⲓⲉ marks a rhetorical ultimatum.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna at the start of the passage leaves the exact wording of the king's dismissal uncertain; the English draft supplies 'Go in peace to your homes' based on the surviving ⲕⲁ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ.","The names of the seven high priests are given in a list with nomina sacra abbreviations; the reading 'Abidon' for ⲁⲃⲓⲇⲱⲛ and 'Silom' for ⲥⲩⲗⲱⲙ are conventional but not certain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":63,"ref":"p63","source":"ⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲓⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ | ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϩⲛ̄\nϩⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲙⲟⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲧ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲛ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲛⲁⲣⲟⲕϩⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲱϣⲙ̄ :-Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲟⲩⲁ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲓ̈ⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛϩ̄ :-ⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲁϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲁⲩϣⲱϥⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛϩ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲁⲩⲉⲝⲟⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲥⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙⲡ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • Ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲓ\nⲥⲉⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲥⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ϯ ⲡ|ⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲟⲡ\nϩⲁ ⲛⲁϩⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϯ ⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ\nⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲛ̄ⲥⲃ̄ⲃⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲛⲧ ⲡⲉⲣⲓⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ :-Ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲉ ⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲛ̄ⲉⲓ̈ⲟⲧⲉ • ⲡϩⲱⲃ ϭⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲕ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲛ • Ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ\nⲩⲛⲟϫⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ϯ\nⲟⲉⲓⲕ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩ • Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄\nⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ ⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲉⲛⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ϫ[ⲟⲉⲓⲥ] | ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲩⲥⲱⲙⲁ\nⲅⲁⲣ ϣⲓⲃⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲱϭⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲕⲕⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲏⲩ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ :-ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ •","english":"Tell me where it is, and I will destroy your bodies with tortures, and your souls as well; the Lord will burn them in an unquenchable fire. One of them answered, whose name was James, \"May my lord the king live forever! Command me to speak what I know. For this city has been destroyed three times by the kings of the Romans, and our fathers were killed. Others were exiled to Egypt, and until now they are there, and they have not been allowed to return to their homes again. If there are a few left of our race, behold, they are in this city, subject to the tribute of the Roman kings, paying them taxes, and they have not been able to do any of the works. But they live according to the law of our fathers. The matter you seek, however, is beyond us; we do not know it. But King Constantine had them thrown into a cistern without water, and they were given neither bread nor water until they died. After seven days, they went down into the cistern and cried out, 'Let the lord king command that we be brought up, and we will tell the lord king what he seeks.' He commanded that they be brought up. For their bodies had been changed by the dampness of the cistern, so that they were not far from the ground. One of them, whose name was Judas, said, 'Let my lord the king command...'","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the living body as the object of physical torture, consistent with the glossary's 'body as the site of struggle'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ is used here in the sense of the soul that survives death, threatened with eternal fire, distinct from the 'life' sense.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ appears twice: first as 'Lord' (Christ) in the threat of burning, then as 'lord' (king) in James's address, reflecting the glossary's dual usage.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to the city destroyed three times by Roman kings and the exile to Egypt reflects the historical trauma of Jerusalem's destructions (70, 135 CE) and the Jewish diaspora, here applied to a Christian narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within the larger dialogue: the king threatens, James responds with a historical account, then the narrative shifts to Constantine's actions, maintaining the interrogative structure.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end is fragmentary: 'ⲡⲛ̄ϫ[ⲟⲉⲓⲥ]' is partially reconstructed, and the English draft's 'Judas' may be a variant of 'Judas' or 'Judas' (cf. the list of seven men in the previous passage).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The name 'ⲓ̈ⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲛ̄' is rendered as 'James' in the English draft, but could also be 'Iamin' or 'Jamin'; the list of seven men in the previous passage includes 'James' but not 'Iamin'.","The phrase 'ⲡⲛ̄ϫ[ⲟⲉⲓⲥ]' is partially reconstructed; the lacuna may affect the reading of the king's title."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":64,"ref":"p64","source":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲕ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ : Ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ\nⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ ⲉⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲏⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ\nⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲁⲩⲥⲱ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲁϫⲣⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ\nϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟ|ⲉⲓⲥ\nⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • Ϥϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇ︦ⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲕⲉ ϫⲱⲙ :-Ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ","english":"They gave him a little water, and I will tell you everything you are asking about. The king said to bring clean bread and water, and he had them eat and drink. When Judas and his companions had strengthened their hearts, he cried out, saying, \"My lord the king, lover of God and lover of mankind.\" Father David said in the Spirit, \"We have not heard them; we have learned of them from what the fathers sent, which was not hidden from their children in another book.\" He also said,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲁⲩⲥⲱ","severity":"info","text":"The king orders the prisoners to be given clean bread and water, a gesture of hospitality that precedes interrogation. This motif of feeding before questioning appears elsewhere in Coptic martyrdom narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ 'lover of God' is a standard epithet for a pious ruler in Coptic hagiography. The phrase ⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ 'lover of mankind' balances it, echoing Hellenistic royal ideals.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Father David speaks 'in the Spirit' (ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄), a phrase that may allude to prophetic inspiration, reminiscent of 1 Chronicles 25:1–2 or the New Testament's 'in the Spirit' (e.g., Revelation 1:10).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to 'what the fathers sent, which was not hidden from their children in another book' suggests a tradition of secret or esoteric knowledge passed down within a community, possibly related to the hiding of the Cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'He also said' (ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ) marks a transition to a new speech unit, typical of the narrative's dialogic structure. The passage alternates between royal command and confessional response.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ is ambiguous: it could mean 'they gave him a little water' (as in the English draft) or 'they gave him a little of the water'. The subject is unclear—possibly the guards or the Jews.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟⲓ is not specified; it may be the guards or the Jewish elders.","The phrase ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ could be read as 'we have not heard them' or 'we have not heard of them'.","The identity of 'Father David' is unclear—possibly a bishop or a symbolic figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":65,"ref":"p65","source":"ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲥⲩⲙⲉⲱⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ\nϫⲛⲟⲩⲓ • ϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁ\nⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲟϫⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲉⲧ\nⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲁⲑⲩⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲩ | ⲉⲓ ⲁⲩ▨▨▨▨ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲉⲛⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲁ ⲛ̄ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ϫⲓ ϭⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ⲁ ϩⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲉⲥ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ\nⲀϥⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ :Ⲁⲩⲕⲱϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲕⲩⲣⲓⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲓϣⲁϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ :ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓ︤ⲉ︥ⲗⲏ︤ⲙ︥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲁⲁ\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ϩⲏⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲉⲥ ⲉⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁⲩⲕⲩⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲟⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉϣⲁⲩⲡⲟⲛⲅⲟⲩ | ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲟⲥⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ :-Ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ\nϣⲁⲛⲧ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛ︤ϩ︥ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ :\nⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲗⲟ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲉⲓⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ :-Ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲉⲝⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ\nⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲁϣ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ :Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ •","english":"My father Symeon said, \"My father Judas asked, 'In which region was Jesus crucified?' The Jews gathered together and held a single council. When they learned that he had risen from the dead, they placed great iron guards at the tomb, saying, 'His disciples will not steal him at night, for we do not know when we sleep.' Our fathers deceived themselves about the resurrection of the Lord because of their hardness of heart. Afterwards, a power came forth from the tomb of Jesus, as if it were raising the dead. It cast out the demon from men. The Jews became angry about this matter. They proclaimed this word which the Jews had thought about: 'Let all the Jews who are in Jerusalem and all who are near them come and lie down upon the tomb of Jesus.' They proclaimed this abominable thing: 'Whoever comes out of their houses, let them be brought to the tomb of Jesus.' But they did this for a long time until a certain Aspasianus, the king of the Romans, came. He destroyed the whole race. They did not stop doing this until great distress occurred. You have there, O king, extracts from the gospels of Jesus Christ: 'What is the place where they placed him?' And the king commanded that the gospels be brought to him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (resurrection) here refers to Christ's resurrection, as distinguished from the general resurrection by context.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Aspasianus (ⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is otherwise unknown; the name may be a corruption of a Roman emperor or official, possibly Hadrian or a later figure, but no secure identification exists.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna (▨▨▨▨) after ⲁⲩ, obscuring the verb; the English draft supplies 'steal' based on context, but the exact action is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from Judas's question about the crucifixion site to a narrative of Jewish opposition and the eventual Roman intervention under Aspasianus, forming a bridge to the king's request for gospel extracts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Jews placing guards at the tomb to prevent theft of Jesus' body appears in other apocryphal and early Christian texts, reflecting anti-Jewish polemic common in Coptic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Aspasianus is uncertain; the text may corrupt a known Roman emperor's name.","The lacuna after ⲁⲩ leaves the verb describing the disciples' action unclear; 'steal' is a contextual inference."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":66,"ref":"p66","source":"ⲁϥⲱϣ ϩⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥϭⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϯⲁⲫⲟⲣⲁ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲗⲗ[ⲁ] | ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲕⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟⲩ̄\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲉϥϩⲏⲛ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ : Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ϩⲉ Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲉⲓ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ̄","english":"He cried out over them, and he found them without any difference among them. As for his four, but that they had taken him to the place of Golgotha, which is the place of the Skull, where they had crucified him. And the tomb is in that place, and they placed his body in it, near its entrance. The king Constantine answered and said to Judas, \"Show me the place of Golgotha, and you will be free.\" And Judas said, \"Let your majesty trouble yourself to come with me, and I will show you Golgotha, which is the place.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the corpse of Christ, consistent with the glossary sense for martyrdom accounts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"In Judas's address 'ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ' (your majesty), ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ takes the social sense 'master', not the divine title.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The identification of Golgotha as 'the place of the Skull' (ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ) is standard in Christian topography, derived from the Greek Κρανίον.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from Judas's narrative to a dialogue between Constantine and Judas, marked by ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ' is obscure; the translation 'As for his four' is uncertain. The Coptic may be corrupt or elliptical.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ' is unclear; the reading 'As for his four' is tentative.","The subject of 'ⲁϥⲱϣ ϩⲓⲱⲟⲩ' (he cried out over them) is ambiguous; likely Constantine from context."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":67,"ref":"p67","source":"ⲙ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣ[ⲁⲛ]ⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲁⲩ | ϩⲏⲗⲏⲛⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲓ̄ⲁ • ⲉⲥϫⲟⲟⲥⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲛⲁ ϣⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲁϩⲉ :-Ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϫⲟⲩⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲓϯ ⲱϩⲉ • ⲉⲥⲕⲱⲧⲉ\nⲈⲥⲙⲏϩ ⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ :-Ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲥⲡⲉ :-ⲕⲁⲧ ⲁⲥⲡⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ⲉϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲅⲁⲃⲃⲁⲑⲁ : Ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲓⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ :-Ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲗⲉⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲱⲕⲙ̄ • ⲟⲩ|ⲛ\n▨▨▨ⲕⲕ▨ⲁⲧⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • Ⲉⲡⲓ ⲇⲏ\nⲛⲁ ⲡⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nϭⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲉⲣⲣⲟ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩ\nϭⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲉⲓⲛⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲕⲉⲩⲉ\nⲛ̄ ϣⲓⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ • Ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲥⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲟⲗⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ⲁ ⲛ̄ⲉⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲉⲙ̄ ⲉⲗⲉⲗ ϩⲙ̄ϫ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲥ̄ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲁ ϯ ⲥⲩⲙⲃⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁ • ⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲟϭ • | Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ\nⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲟ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ϫⲉ Ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ϩⲏⲕ ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ •","english":"of the Cranion. And the king arose, with his God-fearing mother Helena and the nobles who were with him. He took them to Golgotha. He took them to a great heap of dung that was raised up over the entire city, about a hundred cubits. It was making a circuit of thorns and reeds, surrounding and filled with brambles, at the place of the tomb and the Cranion. Judas said to the king, \"Behold Golgotha, according to the Greek; according to the Hebrew, it is Gabbatha.\" When the king saw the great heap of dung and the deserted place, he was greatly troubled. But when Judas saw the king, that he was downcast, he said to him, \"Let not my lord the king be disturbed. There is a certain... to do his whole will, for indeed, for the sake of the race, they have done these great evils. Now then, let us send out throughout the entire kingdom. Let all the Jews be gathered in the kingdom, and let them bring their cattle and their equipment for threshing and their sacrifices, because the fathers who are evil, their children also will be evil. The fathers eat leeks and salt; let us take away their children as a pledge. And thus the counsel was pleasing to the king and his nobles. And thus the king wrote immediately throughout his entire kingdom, saying thus: 'I am Constantine the king, who is subject to the feet of Jesus Christ.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic form ⲡⲅⲟⲗⲅⲟⲑⲁ (Golgotha) is a direct borrowing from Greek Γολγοθᾶ, itself from Aramaic gulgultā, 'skull'. The text glosses it with ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ (Cranion, Greek κρανίον) and notes the Hebrew equivalent as Gabbatha, a conflation common in Christian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲓ̄ⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The 'great heap of dung' (ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲡⲣⲓ̄ⲁ) covering Golgotha reflects a late antique tradition that the site was a refuse dump, intended to obscure the place of crucifixion. This motif appears in the Inventio Crucis cycle and is echoed in patristic sources such as Cyril of Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲁⲃⲃⲁⲑⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The identification of Golgotha with Gabbatha (ⲅⲁⲃⲃⲁⲑⲁ) conflates the place of crucifixion with the judgment hall (John 19:13). This confusion is common in Coptic homilies and apocrypha, where the two Aramaic terms are treated as synonyms.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The king's reaction (ⲁϥϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ, 'he was greatly troubled') and Judas's subsequent reassurance form a narrative pause before the royal decree. This pattern of distress followed by counsel is typical of the Inventio Crucis narrative structure.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The decree formula 'I am Constantine the king, who is subject to the feet of Jesus Christ' reflects the late antique and medieval reception of Constantine as a model Christian ruler. This phrasing is paralleled in other Coptic encomia and apocryphal acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941","hollis:alma990090145640203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨ⲕⲕ▨ⲁⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at this point is damaged: ▨▨▨ⲕⲕ▨ⲁⲧⲟⲥ. The English draft supplies 'a certain...' but the original word is uncertain. It may be a proper name or a title; the lacuna prevents a definitive reading.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The damaged word ▨▨▨ⲕⲕ▨ⲁⲧⲟⲥ is illegible; the English draft supplies 'a certain...' but the Coptic cannot be reconstructed with confidence.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ ('their sacrifices') may refer to Jewish sacrificial offerings or to general provisions; the context of threshing equipment suggests agricultural tribute, but the term is ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":68,"ref":"p68","source":"ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲧⲟϣ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲩϯⲙⲉ • ⲏ̄ ⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲙⲏⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲁ ⲡⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲉⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲏϩ • ϩⲁⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ ⲛ̄ϣⲓⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧ|ⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲡ\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉϥϭⲏⲡ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲏⲓ :-Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄","english":"the great king of the city, according to place, with their boundaries, up to a village or a district in which there are a hundred men within it, these who are under my royal authority, so that they might gather all the Jews who dwell near you, and you shall send them to Jerusalem with their cattle and their equipment for threshing, and their supplies. And whoever among them is found to have hidden something, he shall be put to death, and they shall not remember him or his house. When they had taken","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the great king of the city' likely refers to the Roman emperor, here conflated with local authority in the narrative's legendary setting.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩϯⲙⲉ • ⲏ̄ ⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic distinguishes between a 'village' (ⲉⲩϯⲙⲉ) and a 'district' (ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲟⲛ), reflecting administrative divisions in late antique Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲉⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈","severity":"info","text":"The forced gathering of Jews for labor in Jerusalem reflects anti-Jewish polemic common in Byzantine-era Christian apocrypha, especially those tied to the Cross legend.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧ|ⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The clause introduces a conditional penalty for concealment, a legalistic motif that recurs in the narrative to emphasize royal authority and divine justice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic at the end is fragmentary; 'When they had taken' breaks off, likely continuing the action of gathering the Jews. The English draft supplies a plausible completion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the great king' is ambiguous: it may be Constantine or a generic ruler; the Coptic does not specify.","The phrase 'according to place' (ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁ) is vague, possibly indicating a geographical or administrative distribution."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":69,"ref":"p69","source":"ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲁⲩϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲕⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲓⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉⲩⲟϣ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲧⲱϣ ⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄\nϩⲛ̄ⲉⲣⲅⲟⲇⲓⲟⲕⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉϫⲱⲣⲙ̄ ⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ⲅⲁⲥⲓ̈ⲁ • Ⲁϥⲕⲟ ⲛϣⲟ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦\nⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲭⲓⲗⲓⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ • | ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϩⲩⲕⲁⲧⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nϩⲛ̄ϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲕⲱⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲕⲱ ϩⲁⲧⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲛϯⲟⲭⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄\nⲑⲓ̈ⲉ︦ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲙϩ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓ̈ⲉ̄ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲃ̄ⲃⲉ :-Ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲅ\nⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙ | [one line wanting] ⲁⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲙ̄ⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉ • ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ̄ⲟ :-Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ϩⲩⲗⲏⲛⲏ • ⲁⲥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ\nⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ •","english":"The scribes of the king. All the Jews were gathered according to place. They sent them to Jerusalem with their equipment for digging, and with their cattle, and with their loads. And they came from every region to Jerusalem, like the stars of the sky. And the king commanded to send ergodioctes, so that they might hasten to send them into the work. He left two hundred soldiers in Jerusalem with chiliarchs, and with hekatontarchs, and with hegemonies, to compel all the Jews to work day and night until they completed the command of the king Constantine. And he placed beside his mother holy bishops, that is Apa Athanasius, the archbishop of Antioch, and Apa Joseph, the archbishop of Jerusalem, who is the twelfth bishop who sat in Jerusalem after the holy apostles, apart from the council. I, however, also Cyril, I am apart from them. [one line wanting] these. He brought them into the church. I proclaimed his holy name. The God-loving king arose, and truly loving Constantine. He went to Rome concerning the affairs of the kingdom. Then the queen Helena called the great Jews. She said to them, “Come, complete what the king commanded.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'archbishop' per the glossary; here it is applied to Apa Athanasius of Antioch and Apa Joseph of Jerusalem, reflecting the late antique hierarchy.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (Greek ἀγάπη) here appears in the phrase ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ, 'truly loving'; the glossary notes that the liturgical 'agape' sense is technical and not to be flattened, but here the context is personal devotion, not a meal.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of military officers (chiliarchs, hekatontarchs, hegemonies) reflects Roman administrative and military structures, consistent with the Constantinian setting of the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the king's command to the queen Helena's direct speech, marking a narrative transition. The first-person interjection by Cyril ('I, however, also Cyril') is a distinctive authorial intrusion.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic has a lacuna of one line after ⲁⲛⲅ ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙ, and the English draft supplies 'these' conjecturally. The sense of Cyril's separation from the bishops is clear, but the missing text may have contained further detail.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The naming of Apa Athanasius as archbishop of Antioch and Apa Joseph as the twelfth bishop of Jerusalem after the apostles reflects later hagiographical traditions that retrojected fourth-century church offices into the Constantinian era.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941","hollis:alma990090145640203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲛⲅ ⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙ is incomplete; the English draft supplies 'apart from them' but the exact referent of ⲙ̄ⲙ is uncertain.","The identity of the 'great Jews' called by Helena is not specified; they may be leaders of the Jewish community or a narrative device."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":70,"ref":"p70","source":"ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟ ⲉ\nⲡⲙⲟⲩ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ϭⲙ̄ϭⲟⲙ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ | ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ • ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ\nⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ • ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲙ̄ϩⲟⲧ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲁⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⁖-Ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ϩⲏⲗⲏⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ\nⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲱ︦ⲣ︦ ⁖-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ[ⲩ]ⲛⲟⲩ","english":"so that you would be alone at the time of death. And the soldiers forced them by day and by night. The word of the king had power only, and they wished to complete the rest of the king's command. The first day they worked within it, according to the way we learned, on the sixth and the twelfth of the month of Martios, which is Parmhot, and on the sixth and the fifteenth of the month of Thoth, the head of the tomb alone appeared. They informed Queen Helena, saying, \"Behold, they have found the tomb of the Savior.\" And immediately","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic phrase 'ⲛⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'alone at the time of death' (as in the English draft) or 'alone in death', referring to the isolation of the Jewish workers under duress.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣⲅⲟⲇⲓⲟⲕⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword 'ergodioctes' (ἐργοδιώκτης) means 'taskmaster' or 'overseer of works', a term used in Roman and Byzantine administration for those supervising forced labor.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text gives two dates: the 6th and 12th of Martios (March, i.e., Parmhot in the Coptic calendar) and the 6th and 15th of Thoth (the first month of the Coptic year, corresponding to late August/September). This dual dating reflects the work's Coptic-Egyptian context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The discovery of the tomb of Christ (here called 'the Savior') is a central episode in the Helena legend, which developed in the 4th–5th centuries and was widely retold in Coptic homilies and apocrypha, including the Pseudo-Cyril cycle.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage marks a narrative turning point: the shift from the forced labor of the Jews to the discovery of the tomb, signaled by the formula 'Behold, they have found the tomb of the Savior' and the immediate report to Queen Helena.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ[ⲩ]ⲛⲟⲩ' is partially restored; the manuscript may have a lacuna or scribal omission. The reading 'immediately' is standard but depends on the reconstruction of the missing letter.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ' could be read as 'alone at the time of death' or 'alone in death'; the English draft adopts the former.","The date 'ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ' (6th and 15th of Thoth) is clear, but the preceding 'ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ' (6th and 12th) for Martios is also given; the text does not explain why two different months are mentioned."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":71,"ref":"p71","source":"ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟϭ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ\nⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲁϥⲃⲱϭⲉ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ |\nⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ̄ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϣⲓⲕⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲧϫⲟ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ⲏ̄ⲃⲧ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁ̄ϥ • ⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲓⲕⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲱⲣϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ :-Ⲉⲛⲉ ⲁ ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (sic) ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓ ϣⲁ\nⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ⲕⲱⲧⲕ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ :Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲑⲉⲟⲣⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉϥϯ ϣⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ̄\nϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ • Ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϩ | [ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ\nϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ] ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ¹ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⁖ Ⲁⲩϫⲓ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲟⲩϩⲏⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲛⲧⲏⲗⲁ ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩϩ\nⲁⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦\nⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲩⲕⲏ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • (ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲙⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ϣⲁⲁⲣ ⲉϥ[ⲕⲏ] ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧⲏⲩ]² • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲁⲁⲣ • ⲁⲩϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲥⲏϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛ : ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ⲁϥⲟϣϥ̄ ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈|ⲕⲱⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ •","english":"They arose, together with all the bishops and all the nobles. They came to see the tomb, and they prostrated themselves, worshipping upon it. And behold, a great light shone upon it like a flame. Judas took a vessel for himself, and he dug in the ground on the east side of the tomb, along with many other bishops with him. They dug and found a great stone that was sealed. And the mouth of the tomb opened. For evening had come on that day, and they withdrew until the next day, not entering the tomb. And the faithful of the people slept there, and they beheld the light giving radiance like fire until the light came down. When morning came, the queen arose first with the bishops and the faithful. They went out to the tomb of Jesus. They took with them shovels and lanterns filled [with oil]. They looked into the tomb of Jesus. They saw three crosses lying together, (and a title of wood lying beside them). And when they had cleansed the tomb, the bishops entered. They took the wooden title and found its inscription, written in Hebrew. They gave it to Judas, and he read it aloud, while the queen and all the multitude listened. And these are the words written on it: \"I am Joseph of Arimathea, and Nicodemus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (episkopos) is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. In this passage it appears multiple times, indicating the clergy's central role in the discovery.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (laos) is rendered 'people' per the pinned glossary, here specifying the faithful laity (ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ) as distinct from the clergy.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲓ̈ⲕⲱⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The inscription names Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, figures from the canonical Gospels (Matthew 27:57–60; John 19:38–42) who are traditionally associated with Jesus' burial.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲁⲁⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The 'wooden title' (ⲧⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲁⲁⲣ) inscribed in Hebrew is a motif in the Invention of the Cross legend, where a titulus identifying the True Cross is discovered. This detail aligns with later medieval accounts (e.g., the 4th-century Helena cycle).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The passage begins with a narrative resumption (ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ 'they arose') and proceeds through a sequence of actions: gathering, prostration, miraculous light, digging, discovery, and reading of the inscription. The temporal marker 'when morning came' (ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ) divides the scene into two days.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (literally 'the day of the day') appears to be a scribal dittography or corruption; the intended sense is likely 'that day' (ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ is likely a scribal error for ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ('that day').","The lacuna at the end of the passage (ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ... ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ) is restored as 'the queen arose' based on context and parallel passages."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":72,"ref":"p72","source":"ⲁⲛⲃⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄\nⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲛ̄ⲗⲏⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲛⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ\nⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ\nⲚ̄ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ :-Ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ︦ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕϩ̄","english":"They brought the cross of Jesus and the two thieves, out of Golgotha. And they placed them into the tomb, which is the place where the body of Jesus was laid. He arose from among the dead. And we did this at night, because of the fear of the Jews. No one was allowed to know what we had done, because the Jews would take counsel to burn it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ is a Greek loanword (σταυρός) meaning 'cross'. Here it refers to the cross of Jesus and those of the two thieves, a collective object of veneration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (Greek σῶμα) here denotes the corpse of Jesus, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts for the body after death.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Golgotha (ⲕⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ, Greek Κρανίον) is the site of the crucifixion, traditionally located in Jerusalem. The narrative moves the crosses from there to the tomb.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the discovery sequence: the crosses are moved to the tomb at night, and the secrecy motif (fear of the Jews) sets up the next episode of concealment.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Jewish conspiracy to burn the cross reflects anti-Jewish polemic common in late antique Christian apocrypha, shaping the narrative's reception in Coptic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲁⲛⲃⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲛ̄ⲗⲏⲥⲧⲏⲥ could mean 'they brought the cross of Jesus and those of the thieves' or 'they brought the cross of Jesus and the thieves themselves'; the English draft takes the former, which is contextually plausible.","The subject of ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ('he arose') is ambiguous: it could be Jesus (from the tomb) or the cross; the English draft assigns it to Jesus, consistent with resurrection language."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":73,"ref":"p73","source":"ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ :-Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϯ ⲁⲓϯⲁ ⲟⲩⲛ\nⲁⲛⲡⲟⲟⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲛⲕⲁⲁⲩ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁ ⲡⲥⲱⲙ̄ⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ : ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲓ ⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲧⲓⲧⲗⲟⲥ ⲥⲏϩ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲡⲁ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ|ⲭⲥ̄\nⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲁⲙⲏⲣ ⲁⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄\nⲉⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲕⲁ\nⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲙⲏⲣ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲥϩⲟⲗϭ̄\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲧⲣⲉ ⲩϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲣⲫⲏⲣⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲁ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲧⲉ • ⲁⲥⲧⲣⲉ ⲩϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ ⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ⲉⲛ̄ⲧⲏⲙⲁ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ̄ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ :-Ⲁⲥⲧⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ [ⲁⲥⲧ]|ⲣⲉ\nⲩϫⲓ ⲏⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ\nⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ϣⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ϩⲏⲗⲏⲛⲏ • ⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲕ̄ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ ⲁⲓϯ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ\nⲉⲧⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲁⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲱ̄\nⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲕϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲕⲧⲟϩⲙ̄ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲟⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲕ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲕϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ϣⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲛ •","english":"of her sign, of Jesus Christ. Because of this reason, then,\nwe brought them out from the place of Golgotha. We placed them\nin the place where the body of the Lord was laid within it. And\nthe cross, upon which the titulus was written, \"Jesus Christ,\"\nis that. And the bishops took hold of it. They brought it to their chamber. They venerated it. They raised it up and gave it to the queen. And she placed\nher chamber under its protection for a great time. She bowed down\nto it, together with the great axiomatikoi and\nthe axiopistoi. And she had it covered with a purple cloth,\nwhich belonged to Constantine the king. She had it covered with\nfine linens. And she had it adorned\non the outside by her hand, until she wrote to the king\nconcerning what had happened. She had the soldiers compel the Jews\nto purify the place well, and she had\nthem take the census of all the people. She fell upon them, they making\na fire and the three hundred, out of the race of the Hebrews. And Queen Helena\nwrote a letter to her son, saying, \"Blessed are you, and the good things\nthat will come to you, because the Lord, to whom I gave\nthe nail, has granted it to you. You have sought, O\nmy beloved son. You have found. You have opened for yourself\nthe door of the resurrection of the Lord. You have found what\nthe whole world is not worthy of.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders 'Lord' and here refers to Christ, consistent with homiletic usage; the everyday sense 'master' is not intended.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (ἀνάστασις) denotes the resurrection; context distinguishes Christ's resurrection from the general one, though the same term is used.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (ἐπίσκοπος) means 'bishop'; here the bishops take hold of the cross, reflecting their liturgical role.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁϯⲕⲟⲥ (ἀξιωματικός) denotes 'dignitaries' or 'officials'; paired with ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ (ἀξιόπιστος, 'trustworthy persons'), it indicates the social hierarchy present at the veneration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ϩⲏⲗⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Queen Helena (ϩⲏⲗⲏⲛⲏ) is the legendary discoverer of the True Cross; this passage reflects the later hagiographic tradition that she wrote to her son Constantine about the finding.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ (literally 'the nail') is ambiguous: it may refer to a nail from the cross or a symbolic object; the English draft renders it as 'the nail', but the exact referent is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ ('the nail') could be a literal nail from the crucifixion or a metaphorical object; the text does not clarify.","The sequence of actions by the queen (covering, adorning, writing) may conflate multiple events; the Coptic syntax is paratactic and does not specify temporal order."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":74,"ref":"p74","source":"ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ : ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲱ̄ |\nⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲕ̄ϭⲓⲛⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ ⁖-ⲙⲛ̄ ⲱⲛⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲅ̄\nⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ :-Ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲫⲟⲣⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲓ • ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲃⲣ̄ⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲉⲧⲟⲥ • ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲉⲓ ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ︦ⲅ︦","english":"of her holy sign, of the Lord Jesus Christ. Blessed are you, O my beloved son, because you have set aside the care of your world and your worthless riches until you found that which is more choice than any choice riches and precious stones of every beautiful kind. You have troubled yourself. Come, let you see that which the God bears. Rather, that which God bears. If you see its face in its aspect and its appearance, your smallness will become new like an eagle. Trouble yourself, O my beloved son, and come, and prostrate, and worship, and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲕ̄","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲕ̄ (blessed are you) is a standard Coptic beatitude formula, here addressed to the queen as a 'beloved son', a common rhetorical device in encomiastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄","severity":"info","text":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ (worship) denotes prostration in adoration, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'. The gesture is central in martyrdom and relic veneration scenes, underscoring the queen's pious submission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (the God) with the definite article refers to the Christian God, consistent with Sahidic usage in homilies and biblical texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲉⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The simile 'like an eagle' (ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲉⲧⲟⲥ) echoes biblical imagery of renewal (cf. Psalm 103:5 LXX; Isaiah 40:31), though no direct quotation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲉⲓ (trouble yourself) is a Greek loanword (σκυλεύω) meaning 'to vex' or 'to trouble', common in Coptic paraenetic contexts urging ascetic effort.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'that which the God bears' is ambiguous: it may refer to the cross (the object borne by Christ) or to the divine nature itself. The Coptic syntax allows both readings; the English draft opts for the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The referent of ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is ambiguous: it could be the cross (the object borne by God) or the divine nature itself. The context of relic veneration favours the cross.","The phrase ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (her holy sign) is incomplete; the antecedent of 'her' is unclear, likely the cross or the queen."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":75,"ref":"p75","source":"ⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ | ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲣⲟ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲟⲗⲟⲓⲙⲟⲥ • Ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲟϣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ\nϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ : ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲩⲫⲣⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ • ⲉ ⲑⲓ̈ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲉⲓ̈ • ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϫⲓ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲣⲫⲏⲣⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲙⲁⲡⲡⲁ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ • | ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲉⲩⲕⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲗⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ ⁖Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ϩⲓ̈ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ : ⲁϥⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲁⲙⲏⲣ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ\nⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⁖-Ⲁϥⲃⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲇⲩⲙⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⁖-Ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄\nϩⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓ\nϫⲱϥ | ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ϯ ⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲥⲱ︤ⲣ︥\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲉϥϯ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ : Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲫⲓⲗⲟⲡⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲱⲇⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕⲟⲛ •","english":"she greeted her cross, the one you saw in the vision, as it gave you the victory in the contest. Constantine, when he had received the letters of his mother, read them. And when he learned that they had found what he was seeking, that is, her holy cross of the Lord, great joy and gladness came to him. He arose quickly and came to Jerusalem. His mother and all the bishops, when they were told that the king had come, went into their city. They took the honored cross, wrapped it in the king's purple robe and in honored linen cloths, placed it on a white mule, and went with it before the king, many millions of people. And when the king Constantine, the God-loving king, saw her cross, he dismounted from his chariot, seized the cross, carried it to his bosom, and wept over it. He lifted his eyes to heaven and said, \"I have seen my Lord Jesus Christ, the God of my righteous fathers, in the incarnation of the flesh. He will work great wonders through the one who rested upon it, her life-giving cross. And again I have seen the Savior of the whole world giving strength to those who seek him, those who believe in him through her holy cross.\" And the bishops and the philosophers were singing spiritual hymns.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The cross is consistently referred to with a feminine possessive (ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦, 'her cross'), linking it to Helena, Constantine's mother, who is the speaker in the preceding passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative of Constantine's mother Helena discovering the True Cross is a well-known legend, but here Helena is alive and active in Jerusalem, a variant found in some Coptic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine's exclamation 'God of my righteous fathers' echoes biblical language (e.g., Exod 3:6, 'God of your fathers'), but no direct quotation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (Helena's greeting, Constantine's journey) to a direct speech by Constantine, marked by ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ, which includes a visionary claim and a doxological conclusion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'philosophers' (ⲫⲓⲗⲟⲡⲟⲛⲟⲥ) singing hymns alongside bishops reflects a late antique Coptic milieu where classical learning was integrated into Christian liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲗⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'many millions of people' (ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲗⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ) is hyperbolic and may be a scribal embellishment; the Coptic text is not corrupt but the number is not historically plausible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'her' in 'her cross' is clear from context as Helena, but the Coptic does not name her explicitly in this passage.","The phrase 'in the incarnation of the flesh' (ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲇⲩⲙⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄) could be read as a reference to the Incarnation or to Constantine's own bodily experience; the translation opts for the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":76,"ref":"p76","source":"Ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲕ\nϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ϣⲁ ϩⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ :\nⲀⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲡⲱϩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲗⲏ • ⲁⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ (sic) ⲡⲓ̈ ϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ : Ϫⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ\nⲛⲏ ⲥⲓⲱⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϣⲁⲣⲟ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲛⲟϭ ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ | ⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • Ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϯϣⲉⲡ","english":"They drew near before the king, with her cross, until they entered the city. And when they had entered the city, they went into the temple and sang the hymn: \"Rejoice, O Zion, the city of the great king, the Christ! For behold, the king has come to you in joy, with the great ones who are with him, giving glory to the king, the Lord, who reigned through the power of the cross.\" And the king went into the place where the work was done. He went to the tomb of Jesus and prostrated himself on the ground, saying, \"I receive","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (prostrate, worship) is used here for Constantine's action at the tomb. The glossary distinguishes it from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish', and the gesture of prostration is typical in Coptic martyrdom and veneration scenes.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ is rendered 'Lord' here, referring to Christ as king. The glossary notes that in everyday contexts it means 'master', but in homilies it names Christ.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϫⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲥⲓⲱⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The hymn 'Rejoice, O Zion' echoes the language of Psalm 87 (LXX 86) and the liturgical acclamations of Jerusalem as the city of Christ the king. The phrase 'the great king, the Christ' is a common Coptic doxological formula.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The 'tomb of Jesus' (ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦) refers to the traditional site of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which Constantine's building projects made a central pilgrimage destination. The narrative here follows the legendary discovery of the cross by Helena.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'they went into the temple' (ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲗⲏ) marks a shift from procession to liturgical action. The Coptic uses ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲗⲏ (from Greek ναός) for the temple or church building, not a pagan temple, consistent with Christian usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ (sic) ⲡⲓ̈ ϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic has a reduplicated ⲙ̄ before ⲡⲓ̈ ϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ, likely a scribal dittography. The sense is 'they sang the hymn'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲕ ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ could mean 'they drew near before the king' or 'they were drawn before the king'; the reading 'drew near' is adopted.","The identity of 'the great ones' (ⲛⲓⲛⲟϭ) with Constantine is not specified; they are likely bishops or courtiers."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":77,"ref":"p77","source":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ\nϫⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲓ̈ⲙ︦ϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ̈ ⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϫⲉⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦\nⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ϩⲓ ϫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ϩⲓ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥⲃⲓ ⲙ̄|[ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁϥ]ⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲛⲧ\nϥ̄ⲕⲱⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙ̄[ⲡ]ϣⲁ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ ⲁϥϣⲁ[ϫⲉ] ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︤ⲣⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲁϩⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ :-Ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲓⲛⲉ\nⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲟⲥ ⲛⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄\nϩⲉⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲩⲡⲣⲉⲡⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ |\nⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ : ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲕ̄ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ ⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲗⲟⲃϣ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲭⲛⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ\nⲡⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲡⲉ • Ⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϭⲱ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄\nⲛ︦ϩ︦ⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲅⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ :-Ⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲉ\nⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛⲉ •","english":"the grace of you, the only-begotten son of the father, because the place where they placed the holy body, I made prostration to it. And he saw all the places where the Jews had purified them, and he went to the rock of Golgotha, the place where they crucified the Lord, and he worshipped on high, and thus he took the cross and placed it inside the tomb until he built its entrance as a shrine, according to its glory in a worthy manner. And the king spoke with the bishops, saying, \"I wish to build a new city in the place where the Lord stood by means of a cloud. In my desire to rest from them, from those who sought to kill me, who are the Persians. And I will build churches fitting for Christ in this place, for the glory of his holy cross.\" The bishops answered him, saying, \"May God the Almighty, to whom all belongs, and his only-begotten son Jesus Christ the Lord, and the Holy Spirit, protect you and your great authority with a great peaceful time until you complete the entire plan you have in mind.\" And thus they gave the foundation of the church, and he appointed all the craftsmen, each in his craft, and he made the overseers remain over the works of all the workshops. And he also gave his mother abundant wealth, apart from what was his.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (to bow or prostrate in worship) appears here in the phrase ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ϩⲓ ϫⲟⲥ (he worshipped on high). The gesture of prostration is typical in Coptic narratives of veneration at holy sites, distinct from simple prayer.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) in the phrase ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (the holy body) refers to the corpse of Christ, consistent with its use in martyrdom and relic accounts. The adjective ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (holy) marks it as a venerated object.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) appears twice in this passage, once in the king's consultation and once in the bishops' response. The term is a Greek loanword (ἐπίσκοπος) and reflects the institutional church hierarchy in the narrative's setting.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The king's plan to build a new city and churches at Golgotha echoes the historical construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre under Constantine, though this apocryphon attributes the initiative to a later king, likely Heraclius, conflating the discovery of the cross with imperial building projects.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the place where they crucified the Lord' (ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) alludes to the Gospel accounts of the crucifixion at Golgotha (e.g., Matthew 27:33, Mark 15:22). The term ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here names Christ, consistent with Christian usage.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ (they answered) is clear, but the preceding clause ⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲗⲟⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (they gave the foundation of the church) may be textually corrupt; ⲡⲗⲟⲃϣ̄ (foundation) is a rare word, and the sequence of actions (bishops answer, then foundation is laid) is abrupt, possibly due to a lacuna or scribal error.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲗⲟⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ is ambiguous: ⲡⲗⲟⲃϣ̄ may mean 'foundation' or 'plan', and the subject of the verb is unclear (the bishops or the king?). The reading 'they gave the foundation' follows the English draft, but the Coptic could also be read as 'they laid the foundation'.","The clause ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϭⲱ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ϩ︦ⲃⲏⲩⲉ is syntactically loose: ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ (he made) expects an infinitive, but ϭⲱ (to remain) may be a scribal error for ϭⲱⲛⲧ (to oversee) or a similar verb. The translation 'he made the overseers remain over the works' is interpretive."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":78,"ref":"p78","source":"ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲟⲇⲟⲙⲏ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲕ︦ⲕⲗⲏⲥ[ⲓⲁ] • | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲩⲉⲓ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲱⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲗⲁⲃⲁⲥⲧⲣⲟⲛ • ϩⲓ ⲯⲩⲫⲟⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲣⲙⲁⲣⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲑⲓⲛⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϩⲁⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩⲧ̄ ⲉϥⲟϣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • Ϩⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲛ ⲡⲥⲟϥⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲱⲧ • ⲁϥϯ\nⲡⲧⲟϣ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲕⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄\nⲑⲓ̈ⲉ̄ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲥⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ •","english":"so that he might reveal to them the buildings of the churches. And he commanded them to bring to him a multitude of stones of alabaster, and of jasper, and of marble, and of wood of boxwood, and of silver, and of bronze, and of pure gold. Simply, he had them bring all the equipment of the construction. He entrusted the entire district to his mother, and he left her in Jerusalem to build a church at the place of the tomb, which is called Holy Resurrection.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The plural ⲛⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (churches) here refers to the buildings, as the context describes construction materials and the command to build.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (Holy Resurrection) is the name of the church built at the tomb, referring to the Anastasis Rotunda in Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of precious materials (alabaster, jasper, marble, boxwood, silver, bronze, gold) reflects the lavish decoration of Constantinian church foundations, especially the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (command to bring materials) to a summary statement (entrusting the district to his mother), marking the end of the building account.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The identification of the church as Holy Resurrection (Anastasis) aligns with the standard Coptic designation for the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, attested in pilgrimage accounts and liturgical texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ could mean 'so that he might reveal to them' or 'so that he might cause them to reveal'; the reading taken follows the context of building disclosure.","The word ⲡⲧⲟϣ (district) may refer to the administrative region of Jerusalem or to the entire territory; the translation 'entire district' is adopted."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":79,"ref":"p79","source":"ⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲩ ⲇⲓⲙⲓⲟⲩ|▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨ⲥⲧⲟ▨\n▨▨ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲕⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲗⲁϯⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁ\nⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ :-Ⲁϥⲕⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲟ • ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲉϥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙⲉⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︤ⲥ︥⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲉⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲑⲓⲉⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲣ̄ⲭⲣⲓⲁ\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲥⲁϩⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲟϣ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ\nⲉ ⲑⲓⲉⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲣ︦ⲣ︦ⲉ • ⲥⲭⲉⲇⲟⲛ ⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲟϣ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ︤̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲣⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲗⲟⲙⲱⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲕⲟⲥⲙⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱ |\n[ⲙⲁ]▨▨▨ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲁ • Ⲁϥϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲁϩⲁⲅⲓⲁ (sic) ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲁϩ\nⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲱⲝⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲩ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲡϫⲓⲁⲉⲓⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲁⲅⲓⲁⲍⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϯϩⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲛ︦ⲕ︦ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲡⲉ\nⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲉⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲱⲝⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϣ|ⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ : Ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲡⲉⲓⲧⲉⲗⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓϯ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ •","english":"Holy agape, holy eirene. And they built another one, and they called it the Holy Demiurge... ...of the Cranion. And he built the platia and the places that are honored. And the king Constantine turned again in a safe manner, giving glory to Christ and his holy cross. He sent to Jerusalem all the necessary things that they needed. And those who worked in Jerusalem worked anew, almost as if they worked more than those who worked on the temple of Solomon in its time. And they worked until the holy places were completed. They adorned them like the firmament. ...of his side. The holy Apa Joseph, the holy one of the city, consecrated them, and many orthodox bishops were with him, for they had come to the finding of the holy cross. And the day on which they consecrated the holy church within it was the seventeenth of Thoth, which is the day of the revelation of the holy cross and the holy tomb. And they baptized Judas by Apa Joseph the bishop and the other orthodox bishops. And Judas himself became an orthodox Christian man, chosen. And a multitude of Jews and a multitude of Gentiles were baptized. They came to the holy offering of the holy Eucharist, and I gave thanks for their holy night, by Apa Joseph.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (holy agape) likely refers to the liturgical meal (agape) rather than a generic 'love', as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (holy eirene) is the Greek loanword for 'peace', but in a colophon context it is a liturgical formula, not a comment on civil order.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The date 'seventeenth of Thoth' (ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲥⲁϣϥ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ) corresponds to 14 September in the Julian calendar, traditionally associated with the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross in many Eastern Christian traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from building narrative to liturgical consecration and mass conversion, marked by the phrase ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ (and they baptized), which introduces a new thematic unit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲩ ⲇⲓⲙⲓⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲩ ⲇⲓⲙⲓⲟⲩ (Holy Demiurge) is corrupt in the OCR (marked with ▨), and the reading is uncertain; it may refer to a church named after the 'Demiurge' or be a scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mass baptism of Jews and Gentiles (ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ) reflects a hagiographic trope of universal conversion following the cross's discovery, common in later Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲩ ⲇⲓⲙⲓⲟⲩ is partially illegible; it may be a proper name or a theological term.","The subject of ⲁⲓϯ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲟⲩⲟ (I gave thanks) is ambiguous—likely Apa Joseph speaking in first person, but the narrative voice shifts."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":80,"ref":"p80","source":"Ⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ (sic) ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲱ︦ⲣ︦ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲉ\nϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ϣⲁⲧ ϫⲡ̄ ⲯⲓⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲏϩ ϩⲛ̄\nⲑⲓ̈ⲉ̄ⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϫⲡ̄ ⲯⲓⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄|ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲉϥ︤ⲣ︥ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲱⲕϩ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲩⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ̄\nⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • Ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ","english":"Behold, a cross of light appeared outside the heaven of the tomb of the Savior, from the beginning until the sixth hour of the day. And all the multitudes who were dwelling in Jerusalem and all those who were surrounding it were beholding it. And at the time of the sixth hour, it went up into the heaven, while all were gazing after it—the righteous and the sinners. And they were grieved in their hearts because they would not behold it again. In the morning, however, when it happened, they came to","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The cross of light appears above the tomb of the Savior, visible from dawn until the sixth hour, then ascends to heaven as all watch.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'heaven' per the pinned glossary; here it appears twice in sequence (ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ), likely a scribal dittography for 'the heaven of the tomb'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage marks a temporal frame: from dawn to the sixth hour, then the cross ascends at the sixth hour, followed by a morning scene. This chiastic time structure is typical of visionary narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a cross of light appearing over Jerusalem and ascending to heaven echoes the vision of Constantine (Eusebius, Life of Constantine) and later cross apparitions in Coptic apocrypha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The distinction between righteous and sinners grieving at the cross's departure reflects a moralizing reception common in Coptic homilies on the cross, emphasizing collective repentance.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ is ambiguous: likely a scribal repetition of ⲧⲡⲉ, but could be read as 'the heaven of the heaven' if intentional.","The subject of ⲁⲩⲉⲓ (they came) at the end is unclear; the English draft supplies 'they' but the Coptic breaks off."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":81,"ref":"p81","source":"ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲩⲛ̄ⲁϣⲗⲏⲗ (sic) • ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲛⲉϫ ⲁⲕⲧⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉϥⲣⲏϭⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ : Ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲉⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ\nⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲣ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ • ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄[ⲙⲁ] • ⲁϥⲣ̄\nⲙϩ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲏ | ⲛⲉ [nearly a line wanting] ⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲃ̄ⲃⲉ ϫⲓⲛ\nⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ︦ⲛ︦ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϫⲓ\nⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲁ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓⲉⲗⲏ︦ⲙ︦ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣ̄ϣⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲛ︦ⲣ︦ϣⲁ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲁϣϥ̄\nⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ • Ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϭⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡϩⲱⲃ\nⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲁⲡⲟⲧⲉⲝⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ | [nearly\na line wanting] ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϫⲓⲁⲉⲓⲕ\nⲛ̄ ϩⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲛⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ :-ⲉⲧⲉ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ :Ⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓ ⲙⲁ •","english":"the tomb, that they might pray. They saw the cross of light inside the tomb, casting its rays of light outward, like a lamp. When these things had happened in this manner, the holy Apa Joseph wrote a letter, together with the God-loving and pious Eusebius. They informed the king Constantine about all the things that had happened. And he marveled and gave glory to God and his holy cross. And after these things, Apa Joseph rested. They installed Judas in his place. He fulfilled twenty years. [nearly a line wanting] to the teaching from our fathers the apostles. And he became a bishop in his episcopate, because of the confession of his orthodoxy. When Judas fell asleep, one named Mark received his episcopate. This is the first who became bishop outside of Jerusalem. All these things I have related to your love, revealing to you openly what is fitting, that we might celebrate the revelation of the glorious cross, which is the seventeenth of the month Thoth. Behold now, the matter has been revealed to us through all the proofs. [nearly a line wanting] the revelation of the cross and the dedication of the holy churches of the Resurrection, which is the seventeenth of the month Thoth, according to the Egyptians. Behold these things and what I have said up to this point.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē) here refers to the addressees as 'your love', a conventional epistolary address in Coptic Christian letters. The glossary notes that the liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is left untranslated as a monastic honorific. It is applied here to Joseph and later to Judas, indicating their status as monastic fathers, distinct from biological fatherhood.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (anastasis) appears in the phrase 'churches of the Resurrection'. The glossary notes that the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word itself; here it refers to the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧ̄ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The date 'seventeenth of Thoth' (ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧ̄ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲑⲟⲟⲩⲧ) corresponds to 14 September in the Julian calendar, the traditional date for the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross in the Coptic Church. This aligns the narrative with the liturgical calendar.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The figure Judas (ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ) is presented as a successor to Apa Joseph as bishop, fulfilling twenty years. This Judas is likely Judas Cyriacus, a legendary figure in the Invention of the Cross tradition, often identified as a bishop of Jerusalem. The text's claim that Mark was the first bishop outside Jerusalem reflects later ecclesiastical traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has two lacunae marked '[nearly a line wanting]', making the sequence of events uncertain. The English draft fills these gaps with inferred content ('to the teaching from our fathers the apostles' and 'the revelation of the cross'), but the original Coptic is lost, so the precise sense is conjectural.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲧⲁⲫⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲩⲛ̄ⲁϣⲗⲏⲗ (sic) is corrupt; the English draft reads 'the tomb, that they might pray', but the Coptic may be miswritten or lacunose.","The identity of 'the God-loving and pious Eusebius' (ⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ) is ambiguous; it could refer to Eusebius of Caesarea or a local figure, but the text does not specify.","The phrase ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲙϩ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲏ | ⲛⲉ (Judas 'fulfilled twenty years') is ambiguous: it may mean he served as bishop for twenty years or lived twenty years after his installation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":82,"ref":"p82","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲉⲓⲟ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ :-Ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ϩⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁ̄ⲃ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉ • ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ\nⲡ|ⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁ[ⲣ] ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲉⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ • ⲥⲉϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲩⲗϩ̄ • ⲛ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲉϩⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲉⲛⲣ̄ ϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦","english":"to the glory and honor of the holy cross. Let us also go to the place, and we will give our attention to the baptism and the holy sacrifice, for the time has advanced, especially because of the labor of those who have come to us at this holy place today, glorifying the Lord Jesus Christ and his holy cross, which saves everyone who believes in it. For indeed, the words of God are more precious than gold and precious stones; they are sweeter than honey and milk. The servants of God preserve them. Do not let them fall into neglect, but make pilgrimage to the holy cross.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the holy cross' uses ⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦, a nomen sacrum for ⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ (cross), with the definite article and the qualifier ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (holy). This is the standard reverential form in Coptic liturgical and homiletic texts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here refers to Christ, as is typical in homilies. The glossary notes that in everyday contexts it means 'master', but in this passage it is a Christological title.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) appears twice: once in the phrase 'words of God' and once in 'servants of God'. The definite article marks the Christian God, consistent with the glossary's note.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ϩⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓ ⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"This exhortation ('Let us also go to the place') shifts the narrative from past events to a direct address to the audience, a common homiletic device in Coptic apocrypha to encourage pilgrimage or veneration.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁ̄ⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The 'baptism and the holy sacrifice' likely refer to the liturgical rites at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, a key pilgrimage site. This reflects the work's setting and its promotion of veneration of the cross.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990001936390203941"]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲉⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'the words of God are more precious than gold and precious stones' is a moralizing aside. The text may be corrupt here; the verb ⲥⲉⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ (they are chosen/precious) is ambiguous, but the sense is clear from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ could mean 'the words of God' (scripture) or 'the matters of God' (divine affairs); the context favors scripture. The verb ⲥⲉⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ is ambiguous between 'are chosen' and 'are precious'; the translation 'more precious' is a reasonable interpretation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":83,"ref":"p83","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ϩⲑ̄ⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ϯⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • Ⲉⲛⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛ • ⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲡⲙⲱⲕⲙⲉⲕ • ⲟⲩⲉⲧ\nⲧϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲥ • ⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲧⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉⲧ ϫⲏ[ⲕ ⲉ] ⲃⲟⲗ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲧ • Ⲁ ⲡⲉⲫⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲇⲉ▨▨▨|ⲙⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲏ\nⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲟⲅⲟⲛ • ⲉϥϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲓⲏ • ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲕⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁⲣⲇⲁⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲉ ⲡϩ̄ⲟⲩⲟ • Ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩϩⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲥⲉ ⲡⲉ\nϩⲓ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲟⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲡⲱϩ\nⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲛ ⲉⲧ ϫⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ\nⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲉ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲁⲛ • Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ϥⲥⲟⲟϥ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • Ⲧⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϩⲉⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϭⲉⲉⲧ ⲁ▨▨ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • | Ⲉ [one line wanting] ϩⲁ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ[ⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︥] • ⲥⲉⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ▨▨ⲣⲱ]ⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ • Ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣ[ⲱⲙⲉ]\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉ[ⲭⲥ̄] ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲁⲙ ⲡⲉ • Ⲱ̄\nⲡϩⲉⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓ̈ ⲉⲕϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • Ⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲕ̄ϭⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲱ̄ ⲡϩⲉⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ • Ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ϫⲟⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛⲟⲩⲏⲗ • Ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲱ̄ ⲡϩⲉⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲓⲁ • Ⲉⲕⲡⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲉⲓⲕⲏ •","english":"openly, we all together, both the works and the nations, do not let us fall into the glory of Christ, bless him only in their tongues. We think outwardly from our hearts concerning the multitude of gods of the Greeks, one word, one suffering, one confession of the people, one faith fulfilled in the heart. The sacrifice, however, concerning an irrational beast, which is in its hour, they call it cameleopardalis, it is very large, it resembles a camel in its face, and a bull's face behind it, it has the strength of a camel, and also its form resembles a camel, as it cannot reach the heart of the high tree, it eats from them outwardly, it is of various kinds, it is wild. This one is confused in its heart and its body. This is also the way of the heretics, of the godless, they do not have a single thought. For the name of the cross, they do it only for men. If only a man is Christ, and he is not a god, O heretic, you serve yourself as a man. Your heart is also of various kinds, and you did not remain in a single thought, O heretic. Except for a little, say three times thus: that Emmanuel is not a god. Your hatred, O heretic, is the sign of orthodoxy. You flee from it, your hatred and your thought say in vain.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ can mean 'bless' or 'praise'; here the object is Christ, so 'praise' is the intended sense, as the speaker warns against falling into the glory of Christ while only praising him outwardly.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲟⲡⲁⲣⲇⲁⲗⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'cameleopardalis' (giraffe) is a Greek loanword (καμηλοπάρδαλις) used in ancient natural history. Its description here—camel-like face, bull-like hindquarters, tall neck—draws on classical paradoxography, not biblical zoology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts abruptly from a warning about outward praise to a zoological description of a giraffe, then to an allegorical comparison with heretics. This tripartite structure (exhortation, animal ekphrasis, heresiological application) is typical of Coptic homiletic digression.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The identification of heretics with a hybrid, irrational beast echoes a common patristic trope (e.g., Epiphanius, Panarion) used to discredit doctrinal opponents. The specific charge that heretics deny Christ's divinity aligns with anti-Arian polemic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna of about one line after ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ •, and the following phrase is partially reconstructed. The English draft's 'For the name of the cross' is uncertain; the Coptic reads ϩⲁ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉ[ⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︥], likely 'for the name of the cross', but the context is broken.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ here refers to the body of the giraffe, not a corpse or ascetic site. The phrase 'confused in its heart and its body' uses the term in a physiological sense, consistent with the animal description.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • makes the transition to the cross unclear; the English draft's 'For the name of the cross' is a plausible reconstruction but not certain.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϭⲉⲉⲧ ⲁ▨▨ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • is partially damaged; the reading 'they do not have a single thought' is inferred from context.","The Coptic ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲓⲏ (in its hour) is ambiguous: it may mean 'at its time' or 'in its season', possibly referring to the animal's feeding time."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":84,"ref":"p84","source":"ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲙ | ▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲟⲩ • ▨▨▨▨ϫⲉⲕⲱϣ▨▨▨▨▨ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ [ⲉⲧ\nⲙⲛ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲟⲩⲁ]ⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲱⲡ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲃⲱ ⲛ̄ϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • Ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲏⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄\nⲧⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣ ⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ ⲉⲥϫⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ","english":"...do not let us fall into the glory of Christ, bless him only in their tongues. We think outwardly from our hearts concerning the multitude of gods of the Greeks, on\n\n...the holy [temple?]... and cut off their words, in the instruction of the old man. Do not, O Christian, who is worthy of Christ, do not let us think of the things of the heretics, nor let us go into their churches to pray, for they are not churches. But create for yourselves a good thought and a perfect faith toward God and his holy cross. And say...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (from Greek ἐκκλησία) here refers to the physical buildings of heretical groups, which the speaker denies are true churches. The gloss 'church' is retained, but the context distinguishes between the congregation and the building.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ϣⲗⲏⲗ means 'pray' in Sahidic Coptic. Here it is used in a prohibition against praying in heretical churches, reinforcing the theme of proper worship directed only toward God and the holy cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here names God, as is standard in Christian Coptic texts. The phrase 'ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ' links God directly with his holy cross, a central theme of this apocryphon.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage warns against heretics (ⲛⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲣⲉϯⲕⲟⲥ) and their churches, reflecting the post-Chalcedonian polemical context of Coptic literature, where 'heretics' often refers to Chalcedonian or Melkite Christians.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is part of a hortatory speech by the 'old man' (ϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ), who instructs Christians to avoid heretical gatherings and instead cultivate inner faith. The repeated imperatives (ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄, ⲁⲗⲗⲁ) mark a rhetorical shift from prohibition to positive exhortation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (marked ▨) in the first lines, making the phrase ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ [ⲉⲧ ⲙⲛ̄... ⲟⲩⲁ]ⲁⲃ uncertain. The English draft supplies 'holy temple', but the Coptic may read 'holy perfection' or another term. The reading is tentative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲧⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ leaves the object of 'holy' unclear; the English draft's 'temple' is a guess based on context.","The phrase ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ϣⲃⲱ ⲛ̄ϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ could mean 'in the instruction of the old man' or 'in the school of the old man'; the draft chooses 'instruction'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":85,"ref":"p85","source":"ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ|ⲧⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙ[ⲁⲛⲟⲩ]ⲏⲗ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲣⲱ[ⲙⲉ] • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲧϥ̄[ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦]ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲉ\nⲧ[ϥ̄]ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲏ ⲟⲩⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲁϥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲫⲟⲣⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲉ : Ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ︦ⲥ︦⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲦⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲡ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲉⲙⲙⲟϥ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ ⲱ̄ ⲉⲓⲥⲁⲕ\nⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲟⲡ▨ ⲡⲱϩ ⲉⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲃⲁⲡϯⲥ[ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄]ⲧⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲓⲧ▨▨▨ϫⲉ ⲁⲛϣ▨▨▨▨ |\n▨▨ⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲛ̄[ⲛ̄]ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲁ[ⲭⲟⲥ]• ⲡⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲉϥ :\nⲈⲓⲉϯ (sic) ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ • ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲩⲛϩⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲓⲥϯⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓ̄ⲥ : Ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲩⲇⲩⲙⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲉⲓⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲉ ϫⲱⲕ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ • Ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲥⲙⲏ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ [ⲉ]ϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • [ϯ]ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ [ϯⲛⲁϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟ]ⲅⲉⲓ • ⲙ̄ ⲡ[ⲛ̄ϫⲟ]ⲉⲓⲥ • | ▨▨\n[one line wanting] ⲉⲧ ⲟ ⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲥⲁ▨▨ⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁ[ⲁⲃ] • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ▨▨▨▨▨ⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲥ̄ⳁⲟ︦ⲩ︦ [ⲙ̄]ⲙⲟϥ\nϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ▨▨Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙϩ̄\nϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲛϩ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲩⲧ •","english":"...in your whole heart, that he is not a god, this Manoel, because he became a man. And his divinity did not change into his humanity at any single hour or moment, but rather he gave us glory, because he bore flesh. He is God in truth, except in the substance of the Father and the Holy Spirit. He who made his cross an altar of sacrifice, and he himself is the one who receives his own sacrifice. And you yourself, O Isaac the Samaritan, who wish to... reach Christ through the baptism of your... because we have... to me and the words of Apa Bacchus the presbyter, and believe in God with your whole heart.\n\nI will go to the baptism, and you will receive it in purity and faith. For the character is what constitutes the faith and the predisposition. If you are a hypodymus in your whole heart, then we are prepared to fulfill your wish. Isaac the Samaritan cried out with a loud voice, saying, \"I believe and I confess the Lord...\" ...the holy virgin... and they... him under... He arose from the dead on the third day. He went up into the heavens, he sat at the right hand of God, and he comes to judge the living and the dead.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (Greek πρεσβύτερος) is rendered 'presbyter' here, as the context concerns a clerical figure (Apa Bacchus) rather than seniority.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (Greek παρθένος) is rendered 'virgin' in the technical Marian sense, consistent with Coptic Christian usage; the lacunose context likely refers to the Virgin Mary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙϩ̄ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'He arose from the dead on the third day' echoes the resurrection of Christ (cf. 1 Cor 15:4, Mark 16:9), a standard credal formula in Coptic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲥⲁⲕ ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Isaac the Samaritan is a figure otherwise unattested in Coptic literature; the epithet 'Samaritan' may reflect anti-heretical polemic, as Samaritans were often cast as schismatics in early Christian discourse.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲩⲇⲩⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The term ϩⲩⲇⲩⲙⲟⲥ (Greek ὕδυμος, 'twin') is obscure here; it may be a corruption or a rare epithet. The translation 'hypodymus' is tentative; the sense may relate to a state of doubt or duality.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from theological exposition (Christ's divinity and sacrifice) to a direct address to Isaac, then to a narrative of resurrection and ascension, typical of the homiletic-apocalyptic genre of this apocryphon.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Manoel' (ⲙ̄ⲙ[ⲁⲛⲟⲩ]ⲏⲗ) is uncertain; possibly a variant of 'Manuel' or a corruption of 'Emmanuel'.","The term ϩⲩⲇⲩⲙⲟⲥ is corrupt or rare; its meaning in context is unclear.","The lacunae after 'the holy virgin' obscure whether the reference is to Mary or another figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":86,"ref":"p86","source":"ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣϥ̄ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲧ̄ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲡ|[ⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ]▨[about five lines wanting] ⲙⲁ▨▨▨\nϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ\nⲁ̄ⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁ̄ⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲉ ⲧⲣ ⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲁⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄","english":"He gives to each one according to the works. And in the confession over these, with a straight heart and with all those with him, they received baptism in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. ... give glory to God and to his holy cross. For truly great is the glory of God and the glory he has granted to us, and to the race of us Christians, that we might become equal to him in all the works that we do, that they might be pleasing.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he gives to each one according to the works' echoes a common early Christian ethical formula linking reward to deeds, but the Coptic ⲛϥ̄ϯ (future) suggests a future judgment context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts, as noted in the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The trinitarian baptismal formula 'in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit' is standard in early Christian liturgy, derived from Matthew 28:19.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"▨[about five lines wanting]","severity":"caution","text":"A lacuna of about five lines in the Coptic manuscript disrupts the transition from baptism to the exhortation to glorify the cross; the English draft supplies a conjectural bridge.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϥⲥ̄⳨ⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The veneration of the 'holy cross' as a source of glory reflects the late antique cult of the True Cross, central to the Pseudo-Cyril narrative and Coptic liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁ̄ⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁ̄ⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the race of us Christians' may be a later insertion or reflect a communal identity claim; the Coptic ⲁ̄ⲛⲟⲛ is emphatic, but the passage is fragmentary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna of about five lines leaves the transition from baptism to glorification of the cross uncertain; the English draft supplies a conjectural connection.","The phrase 'he gives to each one according to the works' could refer to eschatological reward or immediate ecclesiastical discipline; the Coptic future tense ⲛϥ̄ϯ favors the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":87,"ref":"p87","source":"ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩ[ⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄[ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓ]ϣ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲧⲃ[ⲉ] ⲛⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ϫⲱ[ϥ] |\n[one or two lines wanting] Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ [ⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲛ̄] ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ\nⲛ̄[ⲁⲅⲁⲑ]ⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ [ⲉⲧ] ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ̄ⲧ[ⲁⲛ]ϩⲟ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲙⲱⲟⲩⲥⲓⲱⲛ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ •\nϣⲁ ⲉⲛϩ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲛϩ̄ ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ •\nⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲓ︦ⲉ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ Ⳁ ⲙⲁⲣ ⲯⲝⲑ\nⲥⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉⲛⲟ ⲩ︦ⲙ︦ⲏ︦ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲟ ⲛ ⲉⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲛ ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ •\nⲀⲣⲓ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲓⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ\nⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲡⲓ̈ ⲁⲧ ⲙ̄ϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ ⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲇ▨▨ⲙⲣ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲉ •\nⲡⲩ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲙⲉⲟⲥ • ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲅ̈ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲁ ϯⲛⲟⲓ ⲕⲁⲗ̄▨▨ⲗⲁⲉⲓⲥ ϫ[ⲓ]ⲥⲃⲱ ⲛ̄▨▨\n[one or two lines wanting)| ▨▨▨▨ϫⲓⲛⲓⲛ▨ⲗ▨▨▨▨\nⲤⲙ̄ ⲛⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ▨▨▨▨▨--.▨▨ ▨▨\n▨▨▨▨\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲭⲏⲣⲁ • ⲛⲓⲣⲏⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨\nⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ▨ⲧ——\n▨▨▨▨\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n—\nⲡⲩ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁϣⲛ̄ⲕⲁ • ⲙ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨\nⲡⲁ ⲡⲧⲟϣ ⲡⲁⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n......-▨▨\nⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲁϥⲥⲙⲛ̄ • ⲡⲓⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥ̄⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡϯⲉ ⲥⲉⲣⲣⲁϩ ϩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲥ (sic)\nⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕ︦ⲱ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ •\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲉⲛⲕⲁ\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲙ̄","english":"God at all times. And worship of her cross at all times, because of what he placed upon it. This is the glory for him and his good father, and the Holy Spirit, the consubstantial, now and at all times, forever and ever, amen. This day, or of the year, this one, year 1693. Sarageno 48? Let Christ be king over us, amen. Remember me in love, I the sinful one beyond the whole earth, the unworthy of the name \"D...markoure.\" The ... of my Apa Maeos. Remember me in love, for I am a small one. I do not think... receive teaching... ... ... of the fathers... ... of the widow, the peace... ... alms of the father... ... of the God-loving... ... the ... of Mashnka... ... of the district, the region of... ... He who spoke of his own sufferings, he established the chapel of books. He placed it in the church of the holy cross, for the salvation of his soul. May God bless him with every spiritual and heavenly blessing, him and his wife and his children and all that is his. May he write his name in the book of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ here likely carries the liturgical sense of the agape meal, not merely 'love', as it appears in a request for remembrance.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is used twice: first of God blessing a person (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ), then in the phrase ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲙ̄ⲡⲛⲓⲕⲱⲛ, where it means 'blessing' as a noun. The verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; here the object decides.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧϥ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (his soul) in the phrase 'for the salvation of his soul' uses the Greek loanword ψυχή in its post-mortem sense, not the sense of 'life'.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲯⲝⲑ","severity":"info","text":"The year ⲯⲝⲑ (1693) is given in Coptic numerals, likely according to the Diocletian (Era of the Martyrs) calendar, corresponding to 1976/1977 CE. This dates the scribal colophon, not the composition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉⲛⲟ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉⲛⲟ (Sarageno) is a month name from the Ethiopic calendar, corresponding roughly to January/February. Its presence indicates Ethiopic influence or a later scribe familiar with that tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇ▨▨ⲙⲣ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The name ⲇ▨▨ⲙⲣ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲉ is heavily damaged; only the initial ⲇ and final ⲣⲉ are clear. It may be a personal name or title, but cannot be securely read.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ is ambiguous: it may mean 'this day, or of the year, this one' (i.e., the date is given for either the day or the year).","The name ⲇ▨▨ⲙⲣ̄ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲉ is illegible; the reading 'D...markoure' is conjectural.","The phrase ⲡⲩⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲙⲉⲟⲥ is unclear: ⲡⲩⲥ may be a Greek loanword (e.g., πούς 'foot' or a name), but the context is too damaged to determine."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":88,"ref":"p88","source":"ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲙ̄ϣⲁ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ •\nⲟⲩⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲱϣ • ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ •\nⲓ︦ⲩ︦ ⲭ︦ⲩ︦ ⲭⲁⲣⲛⲛ (sic)","english":"The life. He makes it a festival of the joy of his resurrection, and all his holy things, amen.\n\nGrace for the writer, knowledge for the reader, repentance for the hearer, amen, so be it.\n\nJesus Christ, charin (grace).","structure":"doxology","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This final passage is a doxology, the standard closing of a Coptic homily, with blessings for writer, reader, and hearer.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross","label":"gap dossier: Discourse on the Discovery of the Cross and on the Baptism of Isaac the Samaritan","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-pseudo-cyril-jerusalem-cross"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (resurrection) here refers to Christ's resurrection, as the context of the cross and the festival indicates.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ (amen) is a transliterated Hebrew term, left untranslated in liturgical doxologies, marking the close of a prayer or homily.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓ︦ⲩ︦ ⲭ︦ⲩ︦ ⲭⲁⲣⲛⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The final line 'Jesus Christ, charin (grace)' is a Greek acclamation, possibly a scribal or liturgical addition, common in Coptic manuscripts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocyril-discovery-of-the-cross","label":"source edition: PseudoCyril Discovery of the Cross","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCyril_Discovery%20of%20the%20Cross%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲭⲁⲣⲛⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The form ⲭⲁⲣⲛⲛ (charin) is likely a misspelling or variant of Greek χάριν (grace), possibly influenced by Coptic phonetics or scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲙ̄ϣⲁ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'the life, he makes it a festival' or be a fragment of a longer sentence. The reading follows the English draft.","The final line 'ⲓ︦ⲩ︦ ⲭ︦ⲩ︦ ⲭⲁⲣⲛⲛ' is corrupt; the intended Greek word is likely χάριν (grace), but the exact form is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"doxology","text":"Classified as doxology from the Coptic cues."}]}]}