{"slug":"budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","title":"PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","author":"Anonymous","genre":"apocryphon","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:17Z","cost_usd":0.027895},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","work_id":"budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":37,"english_words":6813,"coptic_letters":19329,"commentary_units":212,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":47,"ambiguities":72,"work_notes":4,"external_links":1,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","abstract":"The Pseudo-Celestinus Discourse on Gabriel is a Coptic apocryphon, a pseudepigraphal homily attributed to Pope Celestinus of Rome but likely composed in Coptic monastic circles. The fragmentary text survives in a single manuscript from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum, edited and translated by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1915. It blends biblical exegesis with legendary expansions on the archangel Gabriel's role in the Annunciation, employing a homiletic register. The discourse opens with a Christogram and divine names, cites the Golden Rule, condemns false witness, and urges prayer for deliverance from Satan. It calls the faithful to celebrate Gabriel's feast with purity, rejecting improper festivity, and invokes David and the righteous king.","historical_context":"The text likely dates to the early medieval period (6th–8th century), based on its Coptic manuscript tradition and theological themes. It was composed in Coptic monastic circles, probably in Upper Egypt, where such apocryphal homilies flourished. The sole surviving Coptic manuscript is fragmentary, preserved in a single codex from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum, a center of Coptic literary production. The original Greek Vorlage, if any, is lost. The discourse is attributed to Pope Celestinus of Rome (d. 432), but this is a pseudepigraphal device common in Coptic literature to lend authority. The text reflects the veneration of archangels in Egyptian Christianity, particularly Gabriel, and the monastic emphasis on purity and moral exhortation. Budge's edition supplies conjectural restorations for lacunae.","significance":"The discourse is significant as a witness to Coptic apocryphal homiletics and the cult of archangels in early medieval Egypt. It illustrates how biblical figures like Gabriel were expanded in legendary narratives for liturgical and moral instruction. The text also shows the adaptation of Roman papal authority in Coptic literature, reflecting cross-cultural religious dynamics. Its fragmentary state and Budge's editorial interventions highlight challenges in studying Coptic apocrypha.","timeline":[{"date":"6th–8th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Coptic text in Egyptian monastic circles."},{"date":"9th–10th c.","event":"Manuscript copied and preserved at the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum."},{"date":"1915","event":"First edition and English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge, based on the Coptic manuscript in the British Museum."}],"relations":[{"work":"Coptic Apocryphal Homilies (e.g., Pseudo-Cyril of Jerusalem)","relation":"Similar genre and pseudepigraphal attribution to church fathers.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"The Annunciation narratives in canonical Gospels (Luke 1:26-38)","relation":"Expands on Gabriel's role in the Annunciation.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"The Golden Rule (Matthew 7:12; Luke 6:31)","relation":"Cited in the discourse as a moral precept.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Budge's Miscellaneous Coptic Texts (1915)","relation":"Editio princeps and translation.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"Budge's edition of the Pseudo-Celestinus Discourse on Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt","reason":"Primary source for the text."}],"cautions":["The date is uncertain; the 6th–8th century range is a scholarly estimate based on manuscript tradition and themes.","Authorship is pseudepigraphal; the real author is unknown.","The text is fragmentary; Budge's edition includes conjectural restorations.","The existence of a Greek Vorlage is hypothetical and unproven."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000483,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:31:39Z"},"checks":{"work":"budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":37,"translated":37,"commentary_passages":37,"commentary_units":212,"english_words":6813,"coptic_letters":19329,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving witness is a Coptic manuscript from which Budge prepared his edition; no earlier Greek or Syriac Vorlage is known.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is attributed to a certain Celestinus, but the name is likely a pseudepigraph; the text probably dates to the early medieval period, though no firm terminus ante quem has been established.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The discourse appears to have been used in Coptic liturgical contexts, possibly as a festal reading for the feast of the Archangel Gabriel, but its canonical status was never formally recognized.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is fragmentary in places; Budge’s edition supplies lacunae from parallel passages, but the reconstruction is conjectural and may not reflect the original wording.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: apocryphon in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 30 narrative, 4 dialogue, 2 address to the congregation, 1 incipit."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"21 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"11 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","text":"1 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: Luke 1:28."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"incipit":1,"narrative":30,"address":2,"dialogue":4},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"archangel","count":73,"first_passage":1,"note":"Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"coptic":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"God","count":49,"first_passage":1,"note":"Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","english":"bless","count":6,"first_passage":1,"note":"The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"coptic":"ⲧⲡⲉ","english":"heaven","count":6,"first_passage":5,"note":"The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"coptic":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"grace","count":4,"first_passage":1,"note":"The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":4,"first_passage":2,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","english":"virgin","count":4,"first_passage":5,"note":"Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."},{"coptic":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","english":"people","count":4,"first_passage":10,"note":"Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ","english":"Satan","count":3,"first_passage":1,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":2,"first_passage":5,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","english":"Mary","count":2,"first_passage":6,"note":"The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":2,"first_passage":22,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"archbishop","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","english":"pray","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲁ","english":"Apa","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":1,"first_passage":2,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"prophet","count":1,"first_passage":8,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ","english":"Theotokos","count":1,"first_passage":10,"note":"Greek Θεοτόκος. Where the Coptic keeps the Greek title, it is kept rather than replaced by 'Mother of God' — the title is the point of the sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","english":"fruit","count":1,"first_passage":12,"note":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."}],"citations":{"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel":{"label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"✠ Ⲁ︦ Ⲱ︦ Ⲓ︦︦Ⲥ︦ ⲠⲈⲬ︦︦Ⲥ︦ Ⲛ: ⲒⲀⲂⲞⲐ Ϥ︦Ⲑ︦\nⲞⲨⲖⲞⲄⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ ⲠⲠⲀⲦⲢⲒ̄ⲀⲢⲬⲎⲤ • ⲈⲦ\nⲦⲀⲒⲎⲨ • ⲀⲨⲰ ⲠⲈⲚⲦⲀϤⲢ̄ ⲘⲀ Ⲛ̄ ⲞⲨⲰϨ Ⲙ\nⲠⲈⲠⲚ︦Ⲁ︦ ⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ • ⲀⲠⲀ ⲔⲈⲖⲈⲤⲦⲚⲞⲤ • ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲎⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲚⲞϬ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲞⲖⲒⲤ\nϨⲢⲰⲘⲎ • Ⲉ ⲀϤⲦⲀⲨⲞϤ • Ⲉ ⲠⲚⲞϬ Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲀⲒ̈Ⲟ• Ⲙ̄ ⲠϤⲀⲒ ϢⲘ̄ ⲚⲞⲨϤⲈ • Ⲛ̄ ⲚⲒⲀⲒ̈ⲰⲚ • Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲞⲨⲞⲈⲒⲚ • ⲠⲀⲢⲬⲀⲄⲄⲈⲖⲞⲤ ⲄⲀⲂⲢⲒ̈ⲎⲖ • ϨⲘ̄\nⲠⲈϨⲞⲞⲨ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲈϤϢⲀ ⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ • ⲈⲦⲈ\nⲤⲞⲨ ϪⲞⲨⲦⲞⲨⲈ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲈⲂⲞⲦ ⲬⲞⲒⲀⲔϤ̄ • ⲀϤϢⲀϪⲈ ⲆⲈ ⲞⲚ Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ Ⲛ̄ϬⲞⲘ ⲘⲚ̄ ⲚⲈϢⲠⲎⲢⲈ\nⲚ̄ⲦⲀⲨϢⲰⲠⲈ ϨⲘ̄ ⲠϤⲦⲞⲠⲞⲤ ⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ • ⲚⲀⲒ̈ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲀⲨⲔⲞⲦϤ̄ ⲚⲀϤ ϨⲚ̄ ⲦⲠⲞⲖⲒⲤ ϨⲢⲰⲘⲎ • ⲀⲨⲰ • ⲞⲚ • Ⲉ ⲦⲂⲈ ⲠϢⲀϪⲈ ⲈⲦ ⲤⲎϨ ϨⲚ̄\nⲠⲚⲞⲘⲞⲤ • ϪⲈ ⲠⲈⲦⲈ ⲚⲄ̄ ⲞⲨⲀϢϤ ⲀⲚ Ⲉ\nⲦⲢϤ̄ ϢⲰⲠⲈ Ⲙ̄ⲘⲞⲔ • ⲘⲠⲢ̄ ⲀⲀϤ Ⲛ̄ ⲞⲨⲀ • ⲀⲨⲰ ⲞⲚ • ϪⲈ ⲞⲨⲚⲞϬ Ⲛ̄ ⲚⲞⲂⲈ ⲠⲈ\nⲦⲘⲚ︦Ⲧ︦ⲢϤ̄ϪⲒ̈ϬⲞⲖ • ⲘⲀⲖⲒⲤⲦⲀ ⲚⲈⲦ ⲦⲀϪⲢⲞ\nⲘ̄ ⲠϬⲞⲖ ϨⲒ̈ⲦⲘ̄ ⲠⲀⲚⲀϢ Ⲛ̄ⲚⲞⲨϪ • ⲀⲨⲰ\nⲞⲚ • ϪⲈ ϢⲀⲢⲈ ⲠⲈϢⲖⲎⲖ ⲂⲞⲎⲐⲈⲒ̈ Ⲉ\nⲠⲢⲰⲘⲈ ⲚϤ̄ⲚⲀϨⲘϤ̄ Ⲛ̄ϬⲞⲢⲞⲤ̄ Ⲙ̄ ⲠⲤⲀⲦⲀⲚⲀⲤ • ϨⲚ̄ ⲞⲨⲈⲒⲢⲎⲚⲎ ⲚⲦⲈ ⲠⲚⲞⲨⲦⲈ • ⲤⲘⲞⲨ Ⲉ ⲢⲞⲚ • ϨⲀⲘⲎⲚ Ϥ︦Ⲑ︦Ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲏⲡ • [ⲁⲩ]ⲱ ⲧϥ̄ⲭⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲥ ⲣ︤▨▨▨\n▨▨▨ⲥⲕⲉ|ⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲥⲟⲃⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲛ̄ ⲁϩⲟⲣⲁⲧⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲩⲕⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲟⲛϩ̄ • Ⲁϥⲥⲟⲃϩⲉⲛ (sic) • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛ̇ⲟⲩϥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲛ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲓ̈\nⲛⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲧⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦\nⲀⲩⲱ ⲡⲣϥ̄ⲥⲉⲩϩ ⲟⲩⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲧⲙ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ •","english":"✠ Alpha Omega Iota Sigma Pi Epsilon Chi Sigma: Iaboth Theta\nA discourse of the patriarch, which is\nhonored, and he who gave place for the dwelling of\nthe Holy Spirit, Apa Celestinus, the archbishop of the great city of\nRome, who proclaimed it, concerning the great honor\nof the feast of God, of the aeons,\nof the light, the archangel Gabriel, on\nthe day of his holy feast, which is\nthe twenty-fourth of the month Choiak. He spoke also concerning the power and the wonders\nthat occurred in the holy topos, which\nwere built for him in the city of Rome. And\nalso concerning the word that is written in\nthe law: \"That which you do not wish\nto happen to you, do not do to another.\" And\nalso: \"It is a great sin\nto bear false witness,\" especially those who strengthen\nfalsehood through the spirit of deceit. And\nalso: \"Let prayer help\nthe man, that he may be saved from the power of Satan,\nin the peace of God.\" Bless\nus. Amen. The grace of God is received. And\nthe grace ... \n... prepare us. And he prepared us for\nhis hand, of the invisible. He brought us up into the cycle of\nthe year of life. He entered into the topos\nof his feast of God of the aeons,\nof the light, the holy archangel Gabriel.\nConcerning this, I will also take\nthese from the voice of the holy hymnodist David,\nand the righteous king, who said in my tongue of the poor.","structure":"incipit","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⲁ︦ Ⲱ︦ Ⲓ︦︦Ⲥ︦ ⲠⲈⲬ︦︦Ⲥ︦ Ⲛ: ⲒⲀⲂⲞⲐ Ϥ︦Ⲑ︦","severity":"info","text":"The incipit opens with a christogram (Alpha Omega Iota Sigma Pi Epsilon Chi Sigma) and the divine name Iaboth Theta, a standard Coptic invocation for a liturgical or homiletic text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'archbishop' per the glossary; here it refers to Apa Celestinus as archbishop of Rome, a title used in Coptic tradition for the patriarch of Alexandria, but applied anachronistically to a Roman bishop.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is rendered 'archangel' per the glossary; the text names Gabriel as archangel, fixed in Coptic liturgical usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲠⲈⲦⲈ ⲚⲄ̄ ⲞⲨⲀϢϤ ⲀⲚ Ⲉ ⲦⲢϤ̄ ϢⲰⲠⲈ Ⲙ̄ⲘⲞⲔ • ⲘⲠⲢ̄ ⲀⲀϤ Ⲛ̄ ⲞⲨⲀ","severity":"info","text":"The text quotes a version of the negative Golden Rule: 'That which you do not wish to happen to you, do not do to another.' This saying is found in the Didache and in early Christian catechetical tradition, not directly in the canonical Gospels.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲞⲨⲚⲞϬ Ⲛ̄ ⲚⲞⲂⲈ ⲠⲈ ⲦⲘⲚ︦Ⲧ︦ⲢϤ̄ϪⲒ̈ϬⲞⲖ","severity":"info","text":"The text condemns bearing false witness as a great sin, echoing the Decalogue (Exodus 20:16) and New Testament warnings (e.g., Matthew 15:19).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲠⲈⲂⲞⲦ ⲬⲞⲒⲀⲔϤ̄","severity":"info","text":"The feast of the archangel Gabriel is dated to the 24th of Choiak (Koiak), the fourth month of the Coptic calendar (roughly December), a date attested in Coptic synaxaria for the commemoration of Gabriel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The name 'Iaboth Theta' in the incipit is obscure; it may be a corruption of a divine name or a scribal invocation.","The phrase 'he who gave place for the dwelling of the Holy Spirit' is ambiguous: it may refer to Celestinus as a vessel of the Spirit or to a specific event.","The final section is fragmentary; the text breaks off with 'the grace ...' and lacunae, making the conclusion uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"incipit","text":"Classified as incipit from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “archbishop”. In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “archangel”. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel; the rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ","text":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ → “Satan”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ → “God”. Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ carries more than one sense (god, deity); this passage takes it as “God”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ → “grace”. The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ → “pray”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ → “bless”. The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ carries more than one sense (praise); this passage takes it as “bless”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲁ","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ → “Apa”. A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡϫⲥ̄ ⲧⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲟϥ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ\nⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁ • ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲕϯ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲉⲣⲏⲧ • Ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • ⲉϥⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲁⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲁⲝⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲟⲃϩⲉⲛ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉ|ⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ϭⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ • ⲛ̄\nⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ϣⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲣ̄ ϣⲁ • ⲛⲁϥ • Ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲟⲗⲙ̄ ⲛⲓ̄ⲙ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲩⲡⲟⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲓⲙ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ϣⲁ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲩⲉⲣⲟⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϭⲟⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ • Ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲧⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ϫⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲧⲁⲣⲕ̄ϭⲱ • ⲉⲕⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲗⲟ|ⲅⲟⲥ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲇⲏ ⲉⲓⲣ̄ⲙⲓ̈ⲛⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛϫ︦ⲥ︦ •","english":"✠ Alpha Omega Iota Sigma Pi Epsilon Chi Sigma: Iaboth Theta A discourse of the patriarch, which is honored, and he who gave place for the dwelling of the Holy Spirit, Apa Celestinus, the archbishop of the great city of Rome. This is the day on which the Lord created it. Let us gather together, let us rejoice, let us be glad. None among us shall say again, \"Judah, make your festival, and give your gifts.\" Because of this, God is blessed, for he has deemed worthy, he has brought in to the place of his holy steward, and his worthy one, the light of the aeons, the holy archangel Gabriel. Let us gather together in purity of heart and purity of body, that we may make festival for him for whom God and his angels make festival. Let us cast away from ourselves all boldness and all hypocrisy. Let us make festival for the archangel Gabriel, singing aloud, saying with the psalmist David, \"Bless the Lord, all his angels, strengthening themselves in their power, who perform their word.\" Truly, O holy archangel Gabriel, great is the glory which God has given you, beyond the whole angelic order, the incorporeal ones who are in the height of the heavens. O archangel, you were called by this name from the beginning by God, \"Gabriel,\" that you might continue to serve the birth of God the Logos. For the interpretation of \"Gabriel\" is \"God and man,\" according to the type of our Lord.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ renders 'the archangel Gabriel'. The glossary fixes ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ as 'archangel', a rank fixed in Coptic liturgical usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Bless the Lord, all his angels' echoes Psalm 103:21 (LXX 102:21) or a similar doxological verse, though the exact wording is adapted. The psalmist David is explicitly named.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The text provides an etymology of 'Gabriel' as 'God and man', a common patristic interpretation (cf. Hebrew גבריאל, 'God is my strength'). This aligns with Gabriel's role in the Annunciation, serving the incarnation of the Logos.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a hortatory sequence ('Let us gather together, let us rejoice, let us be glad'), a common rhetorical device in Coptic festal homilies to invite congregational participation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡϫⲥ̄ ⲧⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'This is the day on which the Lord created it' likely refers to the feast of Gabriel on the 24th of the month (mentioned in the previous passage). Such calendrical specificity is typical of Coptic synaxaria and festal lectionaries.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁ • ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The reference 'Judah, make your festival' is obscure. It may allude to a lost tradition or a polemical contrast with Jewish practice, but the Coptic text does not clarify the context. The reading follows the English draft.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁ • ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁ' ('Judah, make your festival') is ambiguous: it may be a direct address to a figure named Judah or a generic reference to Jewish practice. The Coptic does not clarify.","The clause 'ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡϫⲥ̄ ⲧⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲟϥ' ('on which the Lord created it') is ambiguous: 'it' could refer to the day itself or to the feast; the translation assumes the day."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲑⲃ̄ⲃⲓ̈ⲟ • ⲁϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲣϫ̄ ⲉ\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲙⲉ ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲓ̈ⲧⲟ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲕⲁⲗⲁϩⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • Ⲁⲥϫⲡⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲓ\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲥⲣ︦ⲟ︦ⲩ︦ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • Ⲁϥⲣ̄\nⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲫⲩⲥⲓⲥ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲡⲱⲣϫ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ϣⲓⲃⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • Ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲛⲁⲙⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲧ ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲙⲥ̄ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲓ̈ ⲛ̄\nϣⲓⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲁⲥⲭⲩⲙⲟⲛⲏ • Ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛⲅ̄\nⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲣ︤ⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲣ̄ⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲟⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ\nⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ϫⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ | ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲛⲟϥ • ⲉⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲫⲱⲛⲏ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ\nⲇⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲛϩⲟⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲕϣⲱⲱⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲕⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲝⲟⲣⲓⲥϯⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣϥ̄ϫⲓⲟⲩⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲕⲉ\nⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲱ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲙⲁ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲅⲛⲱⲙⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲓ̈ϭⲟϫⲃ̄ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄\nⲁⲥ[ⲑⲉ]ⲛⲏⲥ •","english":"✠ Alpha Omega Iota Sigma Pi Epsilon Chi Sigma: Iaboth Theta A discourse of the patriarch, which is honored, and he who gave place for the dwelling of the Holy Spirit, Apa Celestinus, the archbishop of the great city of Rome.\n\nHe came in humility. He put on flesh for our sake. He is both God and man. His divinity was not separated from his humanity, not even for the blink of an eye. Let it not be so. But he is God and man together, completely and simultaneously, in the womb of his mother who bore him. He is God and man. They crucified him, he being God and man. He became one single flesh in his divinity, of a single nature, without separation, without change, without one being removed from the other. Come now, O Nestorius, truly godless one, and O mouth that cannot be shut, you will take shame and you will be disgraced. Come now, you will see the King Christ, the one and only, being God and man. The kings and the armies come to prostrate themselves before him. And the whole world partakes of his body and his blood, being proclaimed from the voice of that blessed one there: \"Remember me to the Lord.\" If you come in the kingdom, you, O holy one, you have lost your glory, and you will die in exile because of your blasphemy and your tongue that is full of lies. But besides a little, we have gone and washed away your honor and your glory, O great archangel Gabriel. But grant us a pardon, for I am very weak in my deeds, and my mouth is not able, being feeble.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) appears repeatedly in the phrase ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ (he is God and man), a formula central to the passage's Christological polemic.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) in ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲛⲟϥ (his body and his blood) refers to the Eucharistic elements, not a corpse, consistent with liturgical usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is applied to Gabriel in the address ⲱ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ (O great archangel Gabriel), reflecting the fixed rank in Coptic liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The direct address to Nestorius (ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲥ) as ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲉ (truly godless one) situates the text in the post-Ephesian (431 CE) anti-Nestorian polemic, asserting the unity of Christ's natures.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ (Remember me to the Lord) echoes the request of the penitent thief in Luke 23:42, though not a direct quotation; it is a liturgical formula.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥ[ⲑⲉ]ⲛⲏⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The final word ⲁⲥ[ⲑⲉ]ⲛⲏⲥ (feeble) is partially restored; the Coptic text has a lacuna or uncertain reading, indicated by brackets, affecting the precise sense of the speaker's self-deprecation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲣⲓ̈ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ may be a liturgical formula rather than a direct scriptural citation; its exact source is unclear.","The final word ⲁⲥ[ⲑⲉ]ⲛⲏⲥ is partially restored, leaving the precise reading uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲉ ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕ[ⲉ]ⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛ[ⲟⲩ]ⲧⲉ\nⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲱ̄ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ • Ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲏ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲗⲓⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ (?) ⲡⲁ ϩⲟ • ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲓ (?) ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ⲱ̄\nⲄⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣ[ⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩ]ϥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕ[ⲏ] • |\nⲰ̄ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϫⲥ̄ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲧⲱⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲑⲓⲁ • ⲡⲕⲩⲣⲓ̈ⲝ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • [ϯ]ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲱ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄","english":"✠ Alpha Omega Iota Sigma Pi Epsilon Chi Sigma: Iaboth Theta A discourse of the patriarch, which is honored, and he who gave place for the dwelling of the Holy Spirit, Apa Celestinus, the archbishop of the great city of R\n\n...to speak of your glory, which God gave to you, O Gabriel, the archangel of joy. What flesh, or the mouth of a man, that could speak of your honor, O holy liturgist of the great king? My face (?) which is joyful outwardly. O Gabriel, the one who bears the good news of the angelic order. O true deacon, who serves at the birth of your Lord. O rhetor of truth, the herald of the kingdom of the heavens. I wish to see you, O holy archangel Gabriel, if you would speak with...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it is applied to Gabriel, consistent with his role as a chief angel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲓⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲗⲓⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ (leitourgos) means 'minister' or 'liturgist'. In this context, it designates Gabriel as a servant of the 'great king' (God), reflecting his role in the divine liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲧⲏⲥ (diakonitēs) means 'deacon' or 'servant'. Here it describes Gabriel as a 'true deacon' who serves at the birth of the Lord, alluding to the Annunciation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The epithets 'rhetor of truth' and 'herald of the kingdom of the heavens' align with Gabriel's role in Christian tradition as the angel who announces the Incarnation to Mary and the birth of John the Baptist.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁ ϩⲟ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲡⲁ ϩⲟ ('my face') is uncertain; the Coptic may be corrupt or lacunose. The English draft tentatively reads it as part of a description of joyful appearance, but the syntax is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a series of apostrophes to the archangel Gabriel, each introduced by ⲱ̄ ('O'), a common rhetorical device in Coptic encomia and hymns. The structure builds a litany of titles before expressing a wish to see Gabriel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲡⲁ ϩⲟ (my face) is uncertain; the reading 'my face (?) which is joyful outwardly' is tentative. The lacuna after ⲙ̄ (?) may obscure a preposition or noun."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲇⲩⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲇⲩⲙⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲧⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲑⲉⲱⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • Ⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ • ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲕⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲭⲁⲓ̈ⲣⲉ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁⲥϭⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲉ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲟⲡⲉⲧⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄\nⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲗⲁⲥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉϫⲱ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲕⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ϥⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ | ϩⲓ ϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲣⲁⲛ • ϯϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉϣϫⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲏ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁϣϫⲓ ⲏⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ̄\nⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲕⲣⲟⲁⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ • Ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲁϩⲱⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓ̈ⲁ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϫⲓⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲗ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲛⲩⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲁ ⲡⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲓ̈ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ\nϫⲓ ϭⲟⲗ • ⲉϥⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥⲁϩⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ\nⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ | ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡϭⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ\nϫⲉ ⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ ϭⲟⲗ ⲛⲓⲙ •","english":"✠ Alpha Omega Iota Sigma Pi Epsilon Chi Sigma: Iaboth Theta A discourse of the patriarch, which is honored, and he who gave place for the dwelling of the Holy Spirit, Apa Celestinus, the archbishop of the great city of Rome. The virgin. O the garment of the incarnation of God, the Pantocrator of humanity, I wish to behold you. If you speak with the queen of the heavens, I wish to see your face, which is full of joy without. If you speak with the chosen one, beyond heaven and earth, you cry out to her, \"Hail.\" The Lord is with me. O the commander of the army of the king of kings, there is no power for my tongue, poor as it is, to utter your glory, but I will say only this: Blessed is God, the merciful one, who said in his mouth of God, \"The place where two or three are within my name, I am there with them, in their midst.\" If God is with two or three, who can take away his joy today, and his good father, and the Holy Spirit, when they see this great multitude of listeners gathered together, giving glory to the great holy archangel Gabriel, the archangel of joy? Let us also withdraw from all injustice, and all slander, and all calumny, and all hatred, and all deceit, and all evil works, for those who do them are under condemnation. For every man who practices deceit is equal to the devil, who never stood in the truth. Do not listen to what is written: \"The Lord will destroy every one who speaks deceit,\" and also, \"Every deceit is abominable.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article ⲧ- marks this as 'the virgin', a fixed Marian title in Coptic liturgical usage, not a generic young woman.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek παρθένος; in this corpus the technical sense 'virgin' (Mary) is fixed, distinct from the non-technical 'young woman'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ | ϩⲓ ϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ","severity":"info","text":"Echoes Matthew 18:20 (or a variant tradition) where Christ says he is present where two or three gather in his name.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ","severity":"info","text":"Greek παντοκράτωρ, 'all-ruler', a standard Christological title in Coptic liturgy, here applied to the incarnate God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from direct address to Gabriel (vocative 'O') to a scriptural quotation, then to a moral exhortation against deceit, ending with a warning.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'queen of the heavens' is ambiguous: it may refer to Mary (as Queen of Heaven) or to a celestial figure; the Coptic does not disambiguate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ: 'queen of the heavens' could be Mary or a generic celestial queen; the text does not specify.","ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ: 'your face which is full of joy without' — the sense of ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ('outwardly' or 'outside') is unclear; it may mean 'externally' or 'abundantly'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ → “virgin”. Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ → “heaven”. The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ carries more than one sense (sky); this passage takes it as “heaven”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ϩⲉⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϩⲉⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁϫⲓ ϭⲟⲗ • ⲏ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϫ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉϥⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ ⲉⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ • ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲱⲧⲏⲥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲇⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ︦ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ϥⲥ[ϩ]ⲟⲩⲟⲣⲧ̄\nⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ • ⲉϥϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲧⲓϩⲧⲟⲣ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲛ︤ⲣ︥ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲡⲁⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ\nⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲕ Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ\nⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲕ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲅⲉⲛⲏ ⲇⲓⲁⲑⲩⲕⲏ • ϣⲁ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ • ⲉⲕⲩⲣⲓⲍⲥⲉ (sic) ⲛⲁⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • Ⲱ︦ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓⲟϥ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲕⲩⲣⲓⲝ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲏⲧ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ | ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲛϩ̄ • ⲟⲧⲧⲡ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲧⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉ[ⲟⲓ]ⲕⲟⲧⲏⲥⲡⲟⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲩⲇⲩⲙⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲏⲓ̈ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲙⲛ̄ ⲥⲉⲛⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • Ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲥⲱⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ (sic) ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϩ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓ̈ⲁ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲁϥϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲕⲏ •","english":"They are not outside in the truth, but they are outside in Satan. Because of this, the one who will bear false witness, or swear a false oath, over some vessels of this world, he goes and leaves them, equating himself with Judas Iscariot, the one who betrayed his Lord for money. Did you not hear what is written: \"Cursed is the one who takes the name of the Lord over a vain thing\"? I wish to speak with you for the benefit of your souls, but the father of the archangel Gabriel has disturbed my mouth. This one who serves him today, for all the angels whom God sent in Palestine minister to men who are about to die. But you yourself, O holy archangel, whom the Father sent in the Old Covenant to the holy virgin Mary, to proclaim to her the birth according to the flesh of his only-begotten son. O archangel of honor, Gabriel; O herald of joy; O holy messenger, whose face is set like a flame; O house-builder, who prepares and adorns the house of the one who established the foundation of the whole world. God looked out over the whole race, and he did not find one who was equal to Mary in the whole race of women. He was pleased to dwell in her in an economy, until he saved our race. He looked out from the angelic order.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (παρθένος) is used here in its fixed Marian sense, referring to the Virgin Mary, not a generic young woman.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϥⲥ[ϩ]ⲟⲩⲟⲣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ • ⲉϥϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ","severity":"info","text":"This echoes Exodus 20:7 (LXX) or a liturgical prohibition against taking the Lord’s name in vain, though the wording is not a direct citation of a known verse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel’s role as the annunciatory angel to Mary is standard in Coptic homiletics; the epithet ‘house-builder’ (ⲟⲓⲕⲟⲧⲏⲥⲡⲟⲧⲏⲥ) is rare and may reflect a local exegetical tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲗⲗⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a moral warning against false oaths to a direct address to Gabriel, marked by the repeated vocative Ⲱ̄, typical of Coptic encomiastic rhetoric.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲓϩⲧⲟⲣ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ‘disturbed my mouth’ is obscure; the Coptic ⲧⲓϩⲧⲟⲣ may be a scribal error or a rare verb. The sense taken is that Gabriel’s appearance interrupts the speaker.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel’s identification as ‘father’ (ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ) is unusual; in Coptic tradition archangels are not typically called fathers. This may reflect a local or idiosyncratic usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ: 'father of the archangel' is ambiguous; it could mean Gabriel is the father of other angels, or that the speaker refers to God as father of Gabriel. The reading taken is the latter.","ⲁϥⲧⲓϩⲧⲟⲣ: the verb is unattested; the translation 'disturbed' is conjectural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ → “Mary”. The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • Ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲕⲧⲓ\nϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ ⲛⲁⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲟⲥ • ϣⲁ\nⲑⲁⲅⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏ • ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ • ϣⲁ ⲧⲣ̄ⲣⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲁⲗⲏⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • Ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲱϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲥ̄ⲕⲁⲗⲁϩⲏ • ⲙ̄ ⲯⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲧⲉ • ⲧⲥⲟⲧⲡ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲛⲁⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲥ ϫⲉ • ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧ\nⲁⲥϭⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ⲁⲱ︦ⲱ︦\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ • | ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲥ • ⲁⲥⲱ︦ⲱ︦ • ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲙ̄\nⲡⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲥ̄ⲙⲁⲁϫⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ (sic) ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲧⲥ̄ⲕⲁⲗⲁϩⲏ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲧⲓ̈ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲁⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ •","english":"the whole of the angels did not find what is equal to you in the economy of your holy name. Because of this, he sent you to his mother, the virgin, to give her a greeting. They sent my incorporeal one to the holy Pistis. He sent his greeting of life to the queen of the race of women. They sent Gabriel, your crown of life being true to him, the life of everyone within her, to dwell in the womb for nine months, the chosen one beyond heaven and earth. And when the angel appeared to her, he said to her, \"Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with you. Behold, the one who will give birth to a son, whose name is called Jesus.\" And immediately, when he said these things to her, she gave birth through the hearing of the ears and the salutation of the archangel Gabriel, the son of God. Go down to the womb in humility, I entreat you, O holy archangel.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (virgin) here refers to Mary, the mother of Jesus, consistent with fixed Marian usage in Coptic liturgical texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is applied to Gabriel, whose rank is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage; the epithet ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (holy) reinforces his veneration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϭⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The angelic greeting 'Hail, full of grace' echoes the Annunciation narrative (Luke 1:28), where Gabriel addresses Mary; the phrase is adapted to Coptic liturgical idiom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The figure ⲑⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏ (the holy Pistis) personifies Faith; such personifications appear in Gnostic and apocryphal traditions, though here Pistis is a recipient of Gabriel's greeting, not a divine emanation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general warning against false oaths (previous passage) to a series of angelic missions culminating in Gabriel's Annunciation to Mary, linking moral exhortation to the Incarnation narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥⲱ︦ⲱ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲥⲱ︦ⲱ︦ (she gave birth) is problematic: the Annunciation normally precedes conception, not birth. The text may conflate the Annunciation with the Nativity, or the verb may be a scribal error for 'she conceived'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'she gave birth through the hearing of the ears' is ambiguous: it may reflect a tradition of conception through the ear (cf. some apocryphal accounts) or be a scribal conflation of Annunciation and Nativity.","The identity of 'the queen of the race of women' is not explicit; it likely refers to Mary, but could also be a title for Pistis or another figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","ref":"Luke 1:28","text":"The English carries the scriptural phrase “full of grace”, which matches Luke 1:28. The match is on the English draft; check the Coptic before quoting the verse."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲕ̄ⲉⲓ̈\nⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ (sic) ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϣⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲡⲟⲣϣ̄\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲕⲁⲓ̈ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲕϫ︦ⲥ̄ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁⲕ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄\nⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲱ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ\nⲡⲥⲟⲗⲥⲗ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲕⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ\nⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲓ̈ⲙⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ |\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ • ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁⲛϩⲟⲩⲧⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • Ⲱ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ⲁⲙⲉ • ⲕⲁⲓ̈ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲁⲅⲇⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲇⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ\nⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲑⲗⲓ̈ⲃⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲕⲟ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲃⲉ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁϥϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ︦ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥⲱ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲩⲁⲕⲟⲩⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲱⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲁϣⲧϥ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲟⲣⲙⲏ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲁ ϣⲁ ⲧⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲉ ⲧⲟⲥⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛⲏ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ •","english":"Gabriel, the bearer of the fragrance of life, in the midst of the day, in this great festival that is spread abroad, blesses this great multitude gathered together in your holy name. For indeed, behold your Lord is near us today, and our Lord of all, with all his holy angels and his mother the virgin, are making a feast for you. And the whole angelic order of the incorporeal ones rejoices with you on the day of the revelation of your holy name. O Gabriel, the comforter of the angelic order and the glory of the ranks of the heavens, great is the honor that God has given you in heaven and on earth. In heaven they have called you \"the bearer of the fragrance of the lights of the aeons\"; on earth they have called you \"the angel of joy\" because of the great and wondrous economy for which you were sent. O Gabriel, the faithful deacon, for when the righteous one arose over Daniel the prophet, they cast him down into the den of lions; he suffered greatly from hunger and thirst. But the holy archangel Gabriel took pity on him, by the command of his Lord, and seized the crown of his head and the vessel that was in his hand, and brought him in the rush of the spirit from Judea to Babylon, a distance of a hundred and fifty miles, in an instant.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'virgin' (ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ) here refers to Mary, the mother of Jesus, consistent with fixed Marian usage in Coptic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ can mean 'bless' or 'praise'; here, with Gabriel as subject and the multitude as object, it likely means 'blesses'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Daniel in the lions' den (Dan 6:16-23) is adapted: Gabriel rescues Daniel, a role not in the biblical account, where it is God or Habakkuk.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel is called 'deacon' (ⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ̈ⲧⲏⲥ), a liturgical title reflecting his role as divine messenger, common in Coptic angelology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a festal acclamation of Gabriel to a narrative of his intervention for Daniel, marked by ⲕⲁⲓ̈ ⲅⲁⲣ ('for indeed').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ (sic) is likely a scribal error for ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ 'the midst'; the reading 'in the midst of the day' is adopted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ is rendered 'the bearer of the fragrance of life', but ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ could also mean 'the one who smells the fragrance'.","The distance 'a hundred and fifty miles' (ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲉ ⲧⲟⲥⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛⲏ) is ambiguous: ⲙⲟⲛⲏ may be a Greek measure (μίλιον) or a Coptic word for 'mile'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “prophet”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • Ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲁϥⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲣ̄ | ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ\nⲕⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥ\nϣⲧⲁⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲛⲱⲭⲗⲉⲓ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ\nⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟϥ ⲉ ⲑⲟⲣⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲙⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲑⲟⲣⲁⲥⲓⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲧⲓ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ •","english":"to the den of lions. He gave the gift to Daniel. He ate, he blessed God, saying, \"You have remembered me, O Lord. You did not abandon those who love you.\" He himself is the one who shut the mouth of the lion, so that they would not trouble him for seven days, while he was in the den of lions. Gabriel the archangel is the one who appeared to Daniel. He taught him the vision according to what is written: \"Gabriel, teach me the vision.\" And, \"Behold, the man Gabriel came to my door. He gave me strength.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'to the den of lions' alludes to the story of Daniel in the lions' den (Dan 6). The Coptic text conflates this with the apocryphal addition of Bel and the Dragon, where Daniel is fed by Habakkuk.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ here governs ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God), so it means 'blessed' in the sense of praising God, not blessing a person. The Coptic verb covers both actions; the object determines the nuance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is applied to Gabriel, consistent with Coptic liturgical usage where the four archangels (Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel) are fixed in rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲙⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲑⲟⲣⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The petition 'Gabriel, teach me the vision' echoes Dan 8:16 (LXX/Theodotion), where Gabriel interprets Daniel's vision. The Coptic text adapts the biblical scene into a direct request.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Gabriel shutting the lions' mouths (ⲁϥϣⲧⲁⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈) is an apocryphal expansion of the Daniel story, not found in the biblical text. It appears in later Christian hagiography and Coptic homilies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from third-person narration (He gave, he ate, he blessed) to a first-person quotation (You have remembered me), then back to third person, and finally to a first-person testimony (Behold, the man Gabriel came to my door). This alternation is typical of homiletic retellings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ: 'he gave the gift to Daniel' — the subject is ambiguous; it could be Gabriel or Habakkuk (from the apocryphal Bel and the Dragon). The context suggests Gabriel, but the Coptic does not specify.","The clause ⲉϥⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈: 'while he was in the den of lions' — the subject is Daniel, but the preceding clause 'so that they would not trouble him' could refer to the lions or to unspecified agents."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲍⲁⲭⲁⲣⲓⲁⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲕⲓⲣⲩⲍⲉ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲓ̈ⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ︦︦ⲣ︦ ⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲁⲡⲟⲫⲁⲛⲉ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲡⲟ • Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲟⲛ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ ⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲡⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϩⲓ̈ⲃⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉ • Ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ϫⲃⲓ̈ⲛ • ⲧⲉ\nⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ ⲙⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲁ • Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲃ̄ⲣⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ (sic) • ⲁϥⲛⲟϩⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ• ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ •|ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲓϫ ⲙ̄\nⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲙⲓⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲟⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • Ⲱ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲛⲁϣϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ • ⲛ̄\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣϫⲱ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲣ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲍⲁⲭⲁⲣⲓⲁⲥ • ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲕⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ •","english":"as before. Gabriel the archangel, he who revealed himself to Zacharias in the temple, he proclaimed to him the birth of John. And when he became an unbeliever, he made him mute. Gabriel again is the one who appeared to the shepherds, announcing to them the great good news, which is the birth of God the Word incarnate from the true virgin, the Theotokos Mary. Gabriel the archangel is the one who led out the Hebrews from captivity, he saved the people from the land of their servitude, he rescued them in the desert, he performed these signs in the hand of Moses the chief prophet. Gabriel again is the standard-bearer who stands in the midst of the angelic host. He is also the one who brought the good news among the angels. Gabriel again is the mediator of the Pantocrator and the steward of the kingdom of the heavens. O Gabriel, the bearer of good news who stands, who is it that can speak of your great glory? What fleshly tongue of a man who has been on earth can speak of your great glory? O archangel Gabriel, who stands before God at all times, as you testified to Zacharias in the temple, saying, \"I am Gabriel, who stands before God.\" What heart of a man, even if he is wiser than all, can become?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek title Θεοτόκος is retained in the Coptic, underscoring its doctrinal weight in the annunciation context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲍⲁⲭⲁⲣⲓⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Gabriel appearing to Zacharias in the temple echoes Luke 1:11–20, where the angel announces John's birth and strikes Zacharias mute.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'standard-bearer' (Greek σηττολόφορος) for Gabriel is rare in Coptic literature, possibly drawn from Byzantine angelology where Gabriel is the herald of divine decrees.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'Gabriel again' (ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲟⲛ) structures the passage as a litany of the archangel's roles, each introduced by anaphora.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The spelling ⲕ̄ⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ (for ⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ) is a scribal error or variant; the sense 'captivity' is clear from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲓⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣ","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel as 'mediator' (μεσίτης) of the Pantocrator reflects late antique angelological hierarchies, common in Coptic homilies but not in canonical scripture.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ⲭⲙⲁⲗⲟⲥⲓⲁ is corrupt; the intended reading is likely ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ ('the captivity').","The final sentence is incomplete in the Coptic, breaking off after ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ; the English draft supplies a conjectural continuation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ","text":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ → “Theotokos”. Greek Θεοτόκος. Where the Coptic keeps the Greek title, it is kept rather than replaced by 'Mother of God' — the title is the point of the sentence."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ → “people”. Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (laity); this passage takes it as “people”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ϩⲓϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲙ̄ⲫⲁⲛⲏⲥⲑⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ • Ⲱ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁ ⲡϩⲟ ⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩ|ⲛⲟϥ • ⲕⲁⲓ̈ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲓⲟ • ⲉϥϣⲏϣ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲕⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲇⲁⲙ • Ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲭⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲟⲩⲃⲉⲓⲛ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲣⲁⲫⲉⲓⲛ • ⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲉⲩϯ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲝⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ̈ⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ •","english":"upon the earth, he who will manifest to us the honor. O archangel Gabriel, your face that is joyful outwardly and in goodness, for indeed with honor you strive with your honor outwardly, that you may stand before God at all times, interceding for the entire race of Adam. And at the hour when all the ranks of angels, along with the cherubim and seraphim, prostrate themselves before God, giving confession, glory, and honor.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲙ̄ⲫⲁⲛⲏⲥⲑⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he who will manifest to us the honor' is ambiguous: it may refer to Gabriel revealing divine honor to humanity, or to the archangel himself being the embodiment of honor. The Coptic ⲕ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ (honor) is a key term in the discourse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is a fixed rank in Coptic liturgy; here it identifies Gabriel as a chief angel, distinct from ordinary ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (angel).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article refers to the Christian God; the phrase 'stand before God' is a standard expression for angelic intercession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲭⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲟⲩⲃⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲣⲁⲫⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The listing of angelic ranks (angels, cherubim, seraphim) reflects the celestial hierarchy common in Coptic and broader Christian angelology, derived from Isaiah 6 and later liturgical tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative pattern of praising Gabriel's role as intercessor, shifting from his earthly appearances (previous passage) to his celestial function before God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of Gabriel interceding for the 'entire race of Adam' is a distinctive feature of this apocryphon, not found in canonical texts; it may reflect later Coptic theological developments emphasizing angelic mediation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲙ̄ⲫⲁⲛⲏⲥⲑⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ is syntactically ambiguous: it could mean 'he who will manifest honor to us' or 'he who will appear to us as honor'. The reading taken is the former, as it aligns with Gabriel's role as revealer.","The phrase ⲉϥϣⲏϣ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ (strive with your honor) is obscure; it may be a textual corruption or a rare idiom. The translation 'strive with your honor' is tentative."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩ[ⲟ]ⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲥⲁⲃⲁⲱⲑ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ\nⲙⲉϩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕ[ⲉ]ⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲅⲟⲥ • ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲅⲟⲥ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ\nⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ϣⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩ̄ⲓ̈ ⲡϥ̄ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • | ϫⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ ⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ\nⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓ̈ⲕⲱⲛ • ⲥⲱⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲅ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ϫⲓ̈ ⲕⲁⲧⲟⲓⲅⲟⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡϫⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ϥⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • Ⲧ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓ̈ⲕⲱⲛ • Ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲩⲝⲁⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲕⲁϩ • ϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϯⲱⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄\nϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲁⲛⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲁϥⲧⲉ • Ⲙ︦ⲡⲣ̄ ϥⲓ̈ ⲱⲡ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓ̈ⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲃⲁ[ⲗ]ϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲣⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲩⲗⲟ ⲉⲩⲡⲟϩⲧ̄ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲟ • ⲉⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ϣⲁⲛ|ⲧ ϥ̄ⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϣⲁⲛⲉϩⲧⲏϥ\nⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲱ\nⲛⲏⲩ(sic) ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ϫⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲗⲙⲁ ⲉⲩϩⲱⲃ •","english":"and the power of God, the king of heaven and earth, they open outwardly, saying at all times, \"Holy, holy, holy, Lord Sabaoth, of the heavens and the earth.\" You are filled outwardly with your glory, until the great archistrategos, the one who is the likeness of the living, Gabriel, and the great archistrategos Michael, the ruler of the heavens, they prostrate themselves before God who sits upon his throne, saying, \"Lord, God Pantocrator, have mercy on your people; incline your heart toward your image and your likeness; accept the work of their hands; do not take accusation from the enemy against them, that he hates your servants. The power of these men, whom you created according to your image and your likeness, bless the work of their hands; increase the fruit of their land; send them dew and the death of their beasts at all their time; bring down to them the water of the river according to your will; grant them their forgiveness. Do not bear witness against them concerning their lawlessness, for you know that the blind-hearted devil who leads their heart astray apart from you, and their tears are poured upon their face, as they entreat him day and night until he forgives his image and his likeness, that he may have compassion and establish them all through their entreaties. But I entreat you, O holy archangel, forgive them, for I have dared to do a thing.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article marks ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ as the Christian God, consistent with the doxological context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲥⲁⲃⲁⲱⲑ","severity":"info","text":"The triple 'holy' echoes the Sanctus (Isaiah 6:3) and the Trisagion of Coptic liturgy, here addressed to 'Lord Sabaoth'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ is the personified adversary; the epithet 'blind-hearted' (ⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ) is a hagiographic trope for the devil's moral blindness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ here is literal ('fruit of their land'), but in homiletic allegory it often denotes virtue or spiritual yield.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'archistrategos' (commander-in-chief) for Gabriel and Michael is common in Coptic angelology, reflecting late antique military imagery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲏⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲛⲏⲩ (for ⲛⲁⲩ) is a scribal error or dialectal variant; the context requires the dative plural 'to them'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (literally 'the one who is the likeness of the living') is obscure; it may be a title for Gabriel, but the exact referent is uncertain.","The clause ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ϥⲓ̈ ⲱⲡ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ (translated 'do not bear witness against them') could also mean 'do not take up a case against them'; the legal metaphor is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ → “fruit”. Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."}]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲡⲁⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲧⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲗⲁⲥ ⲉⲧ ϭⲟϫⲃ̄ • Ⲉϣⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓⲟ • Ϥⲣⲟϣⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲡⲉⲕⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ • ϯⲛⲁⲕⲧⲟⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁⲣⲧⲓ̈ⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ •","english":"beyond my worth, and beyond my measure, that I might speak of your honor. And the apology of my tongue is weak. If it could grasp a small part of your honor, the great king, truly Jesus Christ, would be glorified according to your worth. I will turn myself to speak to you of a few of the powers and wonders of the great archangel Gabriel, which took place in the holy martyrion, the one that is gathered around him, the glory of God.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'great archangel Gabriel' (ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ) is consistent with Coptic liturgical usage, where Gabriel is one of the four archangels (Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel). The epithet 'great' (ⲛⲟϭ) elevates his rank above ordinary angels.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here refers to God, as is standard in Christian Coptic texts. The phrase 'glory of God' (ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) concludes the passage, framing the narrative as doxological.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲓ̈ⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'holy martyrion' (ⲡⲙⲁⲣⲧⲓ̈ⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ) likely refers to a martyr shrine or church dedicated to Gabriel, where the wonders described are said to have occurred. Such shrines were common in Coptic Egypt, often sites of pilgrimage and miracle accounts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a humility topos (the speaker's unworthiness) to a direct address to the audience, introducing the narrative of Gabriel's powers and wonders. This rhetorical move is typical of Coptic homilies and encomia, preparing for a miracle story.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ̈ⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓ̈ⲁ (apology) here may mean 'defense' or 'speech' in a rhetorical sense, but the Coptic phrase 'the apology of my tongue is weak' is ambiguous: it could indicate the speaker's inability to praise adequately, or a formal defense of the discourse. The reading 'speech' is adopted.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉⲧⲣⲁ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟ' could be read as 'that I might speak of your honor' (addressing God or the audience) or 'that I might speak of his honor' (referring to Gabriel). The English draft takes it as addressing the audience, but the Coptic pronoun is ambiguous.","The clause 'ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ' is unclear: it may mean 'the one that is gathered around him' (the martyrion) or 'the one that is gathered to him' (the people). The draft opts for the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ϣⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓ̈ⲥ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈\nⲇⲉ ⲛⲉ | ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁϥ ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉϥϫⲓ̈ⲧⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲭⲱⲣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲁ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧϥ̄ϭⲓⲛⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛ̄ⲁϣⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • Ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ |\nⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉϥϣⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲫⲓ̈ⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛⲉϥⲭⲱⲣⲏⲅⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄\nⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲇⲏ • ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓϣⲣ︦ⲡ︦ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • Ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲉ\nⲟⲩⲁⲫⲉⲗⲗⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲓ̈ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ •","english":"with his great holy archangel Gabriel, this one who is fitting for him today. Now there was a rich man in the city, whose name was Philip. This one was very wealthy in gold, silver, and cattle, and as it is said concerning him, he had more than the royal treasury of gold, for he was a great merchant, receiving from many regions, and many men worked for him in the regions abroad, bringing him great merchandise from all the regions. And they blessed him greatly because of his good work. This one was a lover of the poor, a good man. And he gave great alms to the poor and the orphans. And also, he gave great alms to the shrine of the holy archangel Gabriel, for he dwelt near the shrine of the holy archangel Gabriel. Now there was a poor man dwelling near him, whose name was Stephen. This one was wretched, lacking daily bread. Philip, the rich man, provided for the poor man all his need, according to a love of God through his goodness, for he dwelt near him, as I first said. Stephen, the poor man, knew how to write well. The rich man, however, was illiterate, he did not know how to write.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē) here denotes charitable alms, not the liturgical meal. The phrase 'great alms' (ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ) aligns with the rich man's philanthropy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'archangel' (ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ) is fixed in Coptic liturgy; here it refers to Gabriel, the holy archangel, whose shrine (ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ) is a focal point of the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The rich man Philip is described as a 'great merchant' (ⲛⲟϭ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲧⲏⲥ) with operations in multiple regions (ⲭⲱⲣⲁ), reflecting the economic networks of late antique Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage introduces a narrative contrast between the wealthy Philip and the poor Stephen, setting up a moral exemplum typical of Coptic hagiography. The repeated phrase 'dwelt near him' (ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ) emphasizes their proximity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a rich man supporting a poor neighbor recurs in Coptic miracle collections, often linked to a saint's shrine. This passage may reflect the social context of pilgrimage and patronage at martyrion sites.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ('they blessed him') could be read as a general blessing or a specific liturgical blessing; the context favors the former.","The term ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ in the phrase 'love of God' (ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) is ambiguous between 'charity' and 'divine love'; the translation 'love of God' is retained."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲥⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ\nⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲛϩⲟⲩⲧϥ̄ ⲉ\nⲛⲉϥⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲡⲱϥ\nⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ϫⲓⲧⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲧⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏ|ⲕⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ ⲧⲁⲣϥ̄ⲗⲁⲛⲑⲁⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ • ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϥⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ","english":"And many times he would have Stephen the poor man establish his accounts for him, along with his stewards and the men who transacted on his behalf. And he would inform him of all his accounts, writing down everything that was his. And many times, the men who were with the rich man would give large sums of money to the poor man in secret, so that he might cheat the rich man in his accounts, so that they might take what was near them without his knowledge.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ here means 'accounts' (financial records), not 'word' or 'reason'. The plural ⲛⲉϥⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ refers to the rich man's ledgers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ (from Greek ἐπίτροπος) means 'steward' or 'manager', a term common in administrative and economic contexts in Coptic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲛⲑⲁⲛⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲁⲛⲑⲁⲛⲉ (from Greek λανθάνω) means 'to cheat' or 'to deceive secretly', fitting the clandestine scheme described.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The rich man Philip and the poor man Stephen are not biblical figures; they appear only in this apocryphal discourse. The narrative reflects Coptic hagiographic tropes of wealth, deception, and divine justice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative of Philip's wealth and introduces a recurring pattern: Stephen is used to manage accounts, while others conspire to defraud Philip in secret.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲣϥ̄ⲗⲁⲛⲑⲁⲛⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲧⲁⲣϥ̄ⲗⲁⲛⲑⲁⲛⲉ is ambiguous: it could mean 'so that he (Stephen) might cheat' or 'so that they (the men) might cause him to cheat'. The English draft takes the latter, but the subject is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of ⲗⲁⲛⲑⲁⲛⲉ is ambiguous: Stephen or the men? The English draft reads the men as agents, but the Coptic could imply Stephen is the cheater.","ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲩ (literally 'what is near them') is vague; it likely refers to the rich man's goods that the men could take."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ\nⲣ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲥⲛⲁϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲉⲛϩ̄\nⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲅⲣⲁⲫⲟⲥ\nⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲉ ϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄\nⲕⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲱⲣⲡ̄ • ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄\nⲕⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲓ̈ ⲉⲑⲏ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲙϥ̄ • ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ⲧⲣⲕ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲛⲁ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲧⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲱ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁϯⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩ|[ⲱ] ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲕ̄ⲛⲁϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nⲛⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓⲉⲩⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲕ︦ⲣ︦ ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲁⲕ (sic) • ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄\nⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲉϥⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ • ⲧⲁⲣϥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲁϣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲧⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ\nⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲁϥⲡⲣⲁⲅⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲓ̈\nϩⲏⲩ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲁϣⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ •","english":"One day after another, the poor man became a rich man little by little. But the wealth that is gathered through injustice will be scattered in a moment, according to how the matter will be revealed to you, according to the word of the Psalmist David: \"Do not trust in injustice, nor set your heart on extortion.\" If wealth comes, do not set your heart on it. When the poor man gave a little here and there, he found bread and ate it. He gave his attention to the rich man one day and said to him, \"I wish you would do me a favor. Give me also a few gold coins so that I may trade with them and show them to my children. And when you seek your gold, I will give them to you with the profit from what is born of them. I will be grateful to you.\" The rich man said to him, \"Go, prepare your contract for me, for what is needed.\" And he said, \"I will give it to you.\" The poor man sat down and prepared the contract for the rich man for seven hundred gold coins, swearing by God the Pantocrator that he would give him the full amount of a man and the increase of what would be born of them. The rich man took the contract and gave the seven hundred gold coins to the poor man. He went and traded with them for three years, and he gained great wealth.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲉ ϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲱⲣⲡ̄","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text quotes a saying attributed to the Psalmist David, echoing Psalm 62:10 (LXX) or similar wisdom on injustice and extortion. The citation is introduced as 'the word of the Psalmist David'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'God the Pantocrator' (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ) uses the Greek loanword παντοκράτωρ, common in Coptic liturgy for God's omnipotence. The definite article before ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ marks the Christian God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The sum 'seven hundred gold coins' (ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ) uses the Greek loanword ὁλοκόττινος, a late Roman/Byzantine gold solidus. This reflects the economic context of the text's composition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is an address (as per structural classification) that narrates a moral exemplum: the poor man's gradual enrichment through injustice, followed by a scriptural warning and a contractual plot. The direct speech between characters marks a shift to dialogue.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic repeats ⲛⲁⲕ (to you) twice in the rich man's promise 'I will give it to you' (ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲁⲕ), likely a scribal dittography. The sense is clear despite the duplication.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ' (the full amount of a man) is ambiguous: it may mean the principal sum (the full amount lent) or a metaphorical 'full man' (i.e., the entire capital). The translation takes it as the principal.","The poor man's 'giving a little here and there' (ⲧⲓ̈ ⲉⲑⲏ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈) could refer to alms or to small payments; the context suggests the latter."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ • ⲧⲓ̈ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲡⲁⲣⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲑⲓ̈ⲁ • Ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲁ ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲁ|ϣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁ\nⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲏⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲥⲙⲛ̄\nⲛϥ̄ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲁⲡⲥⲁ ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉ ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲭⲁⲣⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲁ ⲧϥ̄ⲕⲁⲙⲓⲥⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ","english":"And he did not ask for anything from the rich man, neither a head covering nor consolation. Then after some days, the rich man took the poor man into his house to make him his accountant. And when he opened the chest where his documents and books were, wanting to look at the papers that were around them, at that moment Stephen, the man who had spoken to him, saw his document and put it under his arm.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"A Greek loanword (κεφαλάιον) meaning 'head covering' or 'cap'; here it is listed among items the poor man did not request from the rich man.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲙⲓⲑⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"A Greek loanword (παραμυθία) meaning 'consolation' or 'comfort'; it appears in a list of what the poor man did not ask for, emphasizing his humility.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲙⲓⲥⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"A Greek loanword (καμίσιον) meaning 'tunic' or 'shirt'; here it refers to the garment under which Stephen hides the document.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a moralizing aside (the previous passage) back to the narrative, introducing a new character, Stephen, who recognizes the document and hides it.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The name Stephen appears abruptly; it is unclear whether this is a new character or a previously mentioned figure. The Coptic text does not provide a clear antecedent.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Stephen is ambiguous; he may be the poor man or another figure, but the text does not clarify.","The phrase 'the man who had spoken to him' (ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ) could refer to Stephen or to the rich man; the reading taken is that Stephen is the speaker."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲁⲡⲗⲟⲩⲥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲣ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈\nⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲙ̄ⲁⲟ • ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲣⲡ̄ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲏⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲡⲉϣ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ (sic) • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ\nϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ • ⲛⲟϫⲟⲩ\nⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ | ⲙⲓ̈ϯ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲁ\nⲉⲛⲉϩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲓⲭⲣⲉⲱⲥϯ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ\nⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲁϩⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nϩⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲧⲓ̈ⲭⲣⲉⲱⲥⲧⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲣⲱ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲁⲓ̈ⲣ̄\nⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁϥⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ (sic)\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛⲁⲣⲱϣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲓⲥⲱ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲓ̈ⲑⲉⲣⲁⲡⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲣⲱ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲧ\nⲑⲏⲧ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϥⲓ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ • Ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲁ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲱⲥⲕ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ϥⲧⲟⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ\nⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲧⲓ̈ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • | ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲕⲁⲓ̈ⲫⲁⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲡⲁⲣⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲑⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲁϥϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ •","english":"The rich man, understanding his humility and simplicity, went out from the man. But after some days, the poor man became a little wealthy. However, wealth that is gathered through violence will destroy its possessors in a moment, as I said before. When Stephen went to his house, he opened his account book, he counted it piece by piece, and he said in his heart through his evil thoughts, which Satan cast into his heart, \"Truly, I have nothing of this forever, in this seven hundred holokottinoi which I need for him. And if he says to me, 'Give them to me,' I will say to him, 'You have nothing of mine. Behold your account book, I have filled it for you. If indeed I need it for you, nor did I have need of gold, but I will take them to become rich from them, and these will be a great profit for me, eating and drinking from them, and I will heal my soul.' He did not even think of what is written: 'The poor in heart will take your soul from you. Those you have prepared, for whom will they be?' So then, let us not be deceived by the word. After eight years, the rich man saw that the poor man had given him nothing, not even a head covering nor consolation. He was angry, he sent his servants after him, and he said to him,","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Satan is the fixed rendering for ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ, the Greek loanword σατανᾶς, here cast as the source of Stephen's evil thoughts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' in the English draft, but the Coptic phrase 'ⲉⲓ̈ⲑⲉⲣⲁⲡⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲯⲩⲭⲏ' suggests Stephen intends to 'heal his soul' through material gain, a moral irony.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲧ ⲑⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ⲡⲁⲧ ⲑⲏⲧ' (poor in heart) echoes a biblical warning, possibly from Proverbs or Psalms, about the fate of the greedy; the exact source is not identified in the edition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Holokottinos (ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ) is a Byzantine gold coin, indicating the story's economic setting and the large sum of seven hundred coins.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ (sic) is likely a scribal error or reduplication; the English draft renders 'piece by piece', but the Coptic is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue unit, with Stephen's internal monologue and the rich man's later reaction, advancing the moral lesson on wealth and greed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ is corrupt; the intended meaning is likely 'piece by piece' but the reduplication is unclear.","The biblical allusion 'ⲡⲁⲧ ⲑⲏⲧ' is not explicitly cited in the edition; its source remains ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁ\nⲛⲁⲓ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ • ϫⲉ ϯⲣ̄ ⲭⲣⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁϥϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲓ̈ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲕϯ\nⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ • ϫⲉ Ⲱ︦ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ⲙⲏ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓ̈ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈ • ⲉ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄\nⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϯⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ϫⲓ̈ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲕϯ ⲡⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲙⲩⲑⲩⲁ • ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ","english":"When he came to his door, he said, \"Give me the seven hundred gold coins that are with you, for I need them.\" But that God-fearing man took the hand of that rich man, that pious one, and said, \"I have nothing with me, nor have I ever given you anything.\" The rich man said to him in anger, \"O truly lawless one! Is this not the document in your hand that you signed with me for seven hundred gold coins? Behold, it is now ten years since I gave them to you. Not only have you not given me my interest, but behold, you even wish...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The rich man demands repayment of a loan of seven hundred gold coins, but the poor man denies ever receiving anything. The rich man then produces a document signed ten years earlier.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (literally 'the God-fearing one') describes the poor man's piety. The phrase uses ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article, consistent with Christian usage in Sahidic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ (from Greek ἄνομος) means 'lawless one' or 'unjust one'. The rich man uses it as an insult, implying the poor man has broken a legal or moral agreement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of a written document (ⲡⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ) and a ten-year term reflects legal practices in late antique Egypt, where loan agreements were often recorded on papyrus and included interest (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲙⲩⲑⲩⲁ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative of the rich man and the poor man, shifting from the poor man's denial to the rich man's angry confrontation. The dialogue format with direct speech advances the conflict.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end is fragmentary: ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ (you wish) breaks off, leaving the rich man's threat incomplete. The English draft supplies 'you even wish...' but the full sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact nature of the document (ⲡⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ) is unclear: it may be a loan contract or a promissory note. The rich man's claim of ten years since payment is unverified within the passage."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ⲉϥⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲗⲗⲟⲧⲣⲓⲟⲛ • Ⲁϥⲱϣⲃ̄ (sic) ⲛ̄ϭⲓ | ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϫⲉ\nⲉϣϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ • Ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲥϥ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲓ̈ ⲡⲁ ⲏⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲁϩⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲇⲉ • Ⲁϥⲙⲉϣⲧ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲭⲁⲣⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲟϥⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲓ̈ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲕϥⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲑⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲓ̈\nⲛⲁⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛϩⲓⲣ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲡⲗⲏⲣⲟⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲗ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲕ • ⲡⲁⲧ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲁϥⲛⲉϫ\nⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁϣⲏ ⲛⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲡⲁⲑⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ | ⲙ̄\nⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ϫⲱ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϭⲟⲗ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲛ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄\nⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲩϫ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ⲡⲁⲧ ⲑⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ •","english":"he took the foreign thing. The poor man answered, saying, \"If your document is with you, bring it to me, so that I may see its door, and I may go and give my house and my children, and I may fill for you seven hundred gold coins.\" But the rich man searched all his documents and his papers, and he did not find its door. He realized immediately that he had been robbed, and he said to him, \"I know that I have realized that it is you who stole it. However, if you are pure in your heart, that I did not give you the seven hundred gold coins, come, let us go to the place of the holy archangel Gabriel, which is on our road. You will swear to me, you will convince me, and I will release you.\" That God-fearing man threw the fear of the Lord behind him, away from him, along with the speed and the goodness, which he had suffered from them, out of the hand of that pious rich man, because he had forgotten what is written: \"The Lord will destroy everyone who speaks falsehood.\" And he said to the rich man, \"Let us go, so that I may swear to you.\" And immediately they walked together until they entered the place of the archangel Gabriel. And a great crowd gathered around them. They marveled at what had happened. But the rich man kept saying to the poor man, \"Give me the seven hundred gold coins, and I will give them to you. Do not swear falsely, lest an evil thing overtake you.\" But that God-fearing man said,","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it refers to Gabriel, whose sanctuary serves as the setting for the oath.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡϭⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"This phrase echoes a biblical warning against falsehood, possibly derived from Proverbs or the Psalms, though not a direct quotation. The Coptic text presents it as a written saying.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The 'place of the holy archangel Gabriel' likely refers to a shrine or church dedicated to Gabriel, common in Coptic Egypt. Such sanctuaries were used for oath-taking and dispute resolution.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within the larger narrative, marked by direct speech and a shift to a public setting (the shrine). The poor man's response and the crowd's gathering heighten the dramatic tension.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲱϣⲃ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥⲱϣⲃ̄ (sic) is likely a scribal error for ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ 'he answered'. The form is non-standard; the intended reading is clear from context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of an oath before an archangel to resolve a debt dispute appears in other Coptic apocryphal narratives, reflecting a popular legal-religious practice in late antique Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲁⲧ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ' (that God-fearing man) is ambiguous: it could refer to the poor man or the rich man; the context suggests the poor man, as he is the one who throws fear behind him.","The reading 'ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ' (I will give them to you) in the rich man's speech is ambiguous: it may be a rhetorical offer or a genuine attempt to prevent a false oath."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲓ̈ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ • ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲟⲛⲏ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈|ⲏⲗ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲗⲙⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧⲑⲏⲧ • Ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩ ⲧϥ̄ϭⲓϫ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲓ̈ⲥⲓ̈ⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • Ⲁϥⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲕⲧⲓ̈ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉⲓ̈ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲇⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥ ⲣⲁϩⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣ̄\nⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ϭⲟⲟⲩⲭ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲁ\nϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁⲥ ⲙⲉϩ ⲣⲱϥ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲗⲁⲝ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩϭⲃϭ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲗⲁⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲁⲃⲉ ϩⲃⲉⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲣⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • |\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲃⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲏ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ϫⲉ\nⲛⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉϥⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲉ • ⲉϥⲁϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ [ⲟⲩ]ⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲗⲙⲁ • Ⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲛⲟⲩϫ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ϯ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ\nⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ϯⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ •","english":"that you have nothing with me. The rich man said to him, \"If I have nothing with you, swear to me, so that I may go to you.\" But that God there despised the power of the holy archangel Gabriel because of corruptible wealth, and he dared in his shamelessness. He placed his hand upon the door of the sanctuary and swore to him, \"By the great powers of the archangel Gabriel, you have nothing to do with me, nor have you ever given me anything, in the seven hundred holokottinos that you will exact from me at the door.\" And immediately, as the word was in his mouth, a power struck him down, and he fell upon his face, and he became blind in both his eyes. His face was twisted backward, his tongue filled his mouth, he fell upon the flagstones of the place, and he could not move his tongue nor his lips by himself in great agony, and he spewed foam from his mouth like a demon. When the crowd saw what had happened, they were amazed and astonished, and they cried out in a loud voice, saying, \"One is the God of the archangel Gabriel.\" And after a great while, he was being tormented, crying out in a loud voice, \"Forgive me, my Lord, the archangel Gabriel, for I have dared. I have sworn by your name in vain.\" This rich man gave me seven hundred holokottinos, behold, for three years.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (literally 'that god') is ambiguous: it may refer to the rich man as a 'godless' person or, with the definite article, to a divine figure. The context suggests the rich man is the subject, but the Coptic allows either reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Gabriel is named with the fixed Coptic rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ, standard in liturgical texts. The epithet 'holy' (ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ) underscores his sanctity, contrasting with the rich man's blasphemy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Holokottinos (ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ) is a Greek loanword (ὁλοκόττινος) for a gold coin, common in Byzantine and early Islamic Egypt. The sum of seven hundred is a conventional large amount in hagiographic narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative climax: the rich man's false oath in the sanctuary triggers immediate divine punishment. The sequence—oath, striking down, physical transformation, crowd reaction—follows a typical miracle-story pattern in Coptic homilies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of swearing by an archangel's name and being punished appears in other Coptic texts, e.g., the Discourse on Michael. This reflects a broader tradition of angelic power and the danger of perjury in Coptic Christian piety.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲇⲓⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲩⲇⲓⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥ (a power) is a Greek loanword (δύναμις). The text may be corrupt here; the sense is that a divine force struck the rich man, but the exact agent is unspecified.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ could be read as 'that god' (referring to a deity) or as a derogatory term for the rich man; the latter is adopted in the translation.","The clause ⲁⲩⲇⲓⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥ ⲣⲁϩⲧϥ̄ is ambiguous: it may mean 'a power struck him' or 'a power fell upon him'; the translation takes the active sense."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲧⲓ̈ⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲓ̈ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲓ̈ϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲩⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ • ⲁⲓ̈ϥⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲓ̈ⲗⲁ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϥⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲣⲕ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϫ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲏⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲁ ⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • | ⲁϥϭⲱ ⲉϥⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ϩⲱⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲛⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲭⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϯ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲃⲃⲓⲏⲛ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁϥⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥⲧⲓ̈ϩⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉ\nⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲱ̄\nⲛⲁⲙⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ϣⲁ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϫ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩ • ϥⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲃⲃⲓⲏⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡϭⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲃⲓⲛ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲁ\nⲛⲉⲧ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡϭⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲛⲁϣ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩϫ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄","english":"all these things, and I gave him nothing for them. At that time, on the Lord's day, I took your document by stealth, for I had set my hand to his mouth, wishing to take them, that I might become rich through them. Woe is me! What shall I do, for I have sworn falsely? And immediately he sent to his house in haste. His wife brought the seven hundred gold coins. She gave them to the rich man. But the man who was there remained tormenting himself all that day, as if he were being wronged by a small amount. And he gave up his spirit in a state of poverty, more than any man. He swore falsely, and it profited him nothing, except the destruction of his soul and his body. You have seen, O my beloved, what great power the archangel Gabriel has, he who is honored to this day, and that he who swears falsely by his name in death will die in a state of poverty. Let us pursue the undoing of deceit, the evil lie, especially those who strengthen deceit by means of false oaths. Listen.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) here denotes the soul as the immortal part destroyed by perjury, paired with ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) in this moral context is the site of divine punishment, not a corpse; the phrase 'destruction of his soul and his body' echoes ascetic warnings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is a fixed rank in Coptic liturgy; Gabriel is invoked as a witness whose power punishes false swearers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'seven hundred gold coins' (ⲛ̄ϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ) reflect late antique currency; ⲛⲟⲩϫ (false oath) is a recurring theme in Coptic homilies against perjury.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the rich man's confession to immediate divine retribution: 'And immediately he sent to his house in haste.' This rapid sequence underscores the moral.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel's role as enforcer of oaths appears in Coptic homilies; this discourse (Pseudo-Celestinus) was transmitted in Bohairic manuscripts (ed. Budge 1915).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲓ̈ⲗⲁ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ (I set my hand to his mouth) is obscure; it may mean 'I bribed him' or 'I silenced him'—the reading taken is 'I set my hand to his mouth' as a gesture of secrecy.","ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ (that I might become rich) could be parsed as a purpose clause or result; the context favors purpose."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛ︤ⲙ︥ⲙⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄\nϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ | ⲛⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ (sic)• ⲉϥϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ϫⲓ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲣⲓⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓ̈ⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲱ̄ϫⲛ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ⲉⲛϩ̄ ϭⲓⲛⲉ\nⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲧⲉⲓ ⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ⲉⲣⲏⲧ\nⲉ ϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ\nⲛ︦ⲣ︦ϣⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲓ̈ ⲡⲟⲗⲓ̈ⲥ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲓⲛ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲓ̈ⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ\nⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ • ϩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩϫⲓ̈ⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ |\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • Ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧϥ̄ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟ • ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥϯⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁϥⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲃⲃⲓⲏⲛ •","english":"me, to the Lord, crying out to everyone, \"Let your words be as they are, and what is not, not, lest they judge you.\" And we also, let us guard our mouth from these terrible oaths, especially concerning a vain matter, lest we incur a great judgment and a punishment without end in the place where it is not fitting to seek his inquiry. For I thought that I had spoken to you of small things, apart from the powers and wonders of the great archangel Gabriel, to whom it is fitting today to give glory to God and to his great archangel Gabriel. He is a wonder-worker. There was also a man in the city who was blind in both eyes from his childhood. When he heard about the powers and wonders of the archangel Gabriel, he besought his people to bring him into the shrine of the archangel Gabriel, saying, \"Perhaps by his grace I may obtain the light of my eyes.\" And they brought him into the shrine of the archangel Gabriel, saying, \"Perhaps by his grace I may obtain it.\" And when he entered, he prostrated himself on his face before the holy sanctuary, weeping and saying, \"My Lord, the holy archangel Gabriel, have mercy on my wretchedness.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ̈ | ⲛⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The speaker exhorts the audience to guard their mouths from terrible oaths, linking the preceding narrative of false swearing to a moral lesson.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Suriel; here it refers to Gabriel, the wonder-worker.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names God in Christian texts, as in the phrase 'glory to God'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The 'shrine' (ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ) of the archangel Gabriel indicates a local cult site, typical of Coptic pilgrimage and healing practices.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • Ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧϥ̄ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟ • ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥϯⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The narrative shifts from moral exhortation to a healing miracle: a blind man enters the shrine, prostrates, and weeps before the sanctuary, introducing a new episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϥϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ϫⲓ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲣⲓⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓ̈ⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲱ̄ϫⲛ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ⲉⲛϩ̄ ϭⲓⲛⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'a punishment without end in the place where it is not fitting to seek his inquiry' is syntactically ambiguous; it may refer to hell or a divine judgment beyond human appeal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ ⲉⲛϩ̄ ϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ' is obscure; it likely denotes a place where inquiry is forbidden, possibly hell or a divine realm.","The repetition 'ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ' (sic) may be a scribal dittography or an emphatic construction."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ⲛⲅ̄ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ϫⲉ ϯϩⲏϣ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲁⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ • ⲉⲩϭⲓϫ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲥϫⲱϩ ⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ • ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥⲉϣⲗⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲅⲁ́ⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ • | ⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄\nⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲁⲩϫⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϫⲱ","english":"Grant me the light of my eyes, for I am greatly troubled. And as he wept, he said to me, \"He has become flesh, a man's hand touching his eyes.\" The entire people gathered at the place of the archangel Gabriel. When the blind man saw outside, he cried out in joy, saying, \"God is one, the holy archangel Gabriel, for his grace has brought me to the light of my eyes.\" And the whole multitude ran to him and asked him, saying, \"Speak.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) here denotes the congregation or laity gathered at the shrine, distinct from clergy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ: the archangel Gabriel, a fixed rank in Coptic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in Christian Coptic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a first-person narrative (the speaker’s plea) to a third-person description of the blind man’s healing and the crowd’s reaction, then back to direct speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The gathering at the place (ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ) of the archangel Gabriel reflects a common Coptic practice of pilgrimage to shrines dedicated to archangels for healing miracles.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲁⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲁϥⲁⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ (he became flesh) is ambiguous: it may mean the archangel took human form or that the blind man’s sight was restored through incarnation; the Coptic is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲁϥⲁⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ: whether the subject is the archangel becoming incarnate or the blind man being healed is ambiguous.","ⲉⲩϭⲓϫ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ: 'a man's hand' may refer to a human agent or be a metaphor for divine intervention."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ • Ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲧⲣⲁⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲁϩⲧ̄\nϩⲓ̈ⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓ̈ⲁⲥⲧⲓ̈ⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ̈\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ\nⲁⲓ̈ⲉⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ • ⲉⲩϭⲓϫ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁⲥⲉⲓ̈ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ\nϩⲟ • ⲁⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉⲩⲥⲙⲏ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲅ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲧ̄ • Ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄\nⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ | ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈ • ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣϥ̄ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩϥⲓ ϩⲣⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲏ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ⲁϥϭⲱ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉϥⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡϥ̄ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲁⲧ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲟⲥ ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉⲩϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ▨▨ⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲣⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲉ ⲁϥϫⲉ ⲡⲣⲱϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲙⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲉⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥⲱⲫⲉⲗⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ\nⲉⲑⲟ •","english":"... concerning what happened to you, that you saw outside in what manner. He commanded them all the things that had happened to him, saying, \"It happened to me after I came into this holy place. I prostrated myself before the holy altar. I entreated the holy archangel Gabriel. Immediately I perceived a man's hand. It came down upon my face. It signed my eyes. And at once I saw outside. And I heard a voice saying to me, 'Behold, I have granted you the light of your eyes, according to the way you entreated me.' But I said, 'Who are you, my Lord?' And he said to me, 'I am Gabriel, the archangel.' And this is how I heard, but I did not see the one who spoke with me. And all the people, when they heard these things, they cried out aloud with a great voice, saying, 'One is the God of the archangel Gabriel.' The man who saw outside remained in the place of the archangel Gabriel, serving until the day of his death. Another man, a rich man in gold and silver, who was blind, and afterwards he fell into a sickness which is called ...potakria, and a great worm consumed him for forty days and nights, until he cast out the pus of the tumors externally, but it did not benefit him at all; rather, it increased the more.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲉⲓ (from Greek παραγγέλλω) means 'to command' or 'to instruct'. Here it introduces the blind man's direct speech recounting his healing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) designates the congregation or laity, distinct from clergy. In this narrative, the people respond collectively to the miracle, affirming the archangel's power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The acclamation 'One is the God of the archangel Gabriel' echoes the monotheistic formula of the Shema (Deut 6:4) and early Christian acclamations, adapted here to honor Gabriel as a divine agent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲓⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲓⲣⲓⲟⲛ (Greek θυσιαστήριον) refers to the altar in a church. Prostration before the altar is a standard gesture of supplication in Coptic liturgical practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The term ⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲣⲓⲁ is corrupt in the manuscript; it may represent a Greek medical term (perhaps ποδαγρία, 'gout') or a scribal error. The sense is a debilitating disease with worms and pus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts two healing narratives: the first blind man is healed by Gabriel and becomes a lifelong servant; the second, a rich man, suffers a prolonged illness and dies unhealed, illustrating a moral dichotomy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The term ⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲣⲓⲁ is uncertain; it may be a corruption of a Greek disease name, possibly ποδαγρία (gout) or another term. The reading 'potakria' follows the manuscript's damaged form.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ could be read as 'that you saw outside' (referring to the blind man's restored sight) or as a general statement; the context favors the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅ|ⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲓ̈ⲧϥ̄ ⲉ\nⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲓ (?) ⲛⲅ̄ ⲭⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲍⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • Ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ϩⲟⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲥⲏϭ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉϥⲥⲩⲣⲁ","english":"When he heard, however, the power and the wonders that were in the place of the holy archangel Gabriel, he commanded his servants to carry him and take him to his holy place. He laid down in that place, being in great suffering, and he cried out, saying, \"My Lord, the holy archangel Gabriel, incline your heart toward me, grant me the healing, for I have suffered greatly.\" And the man likewise, being sick in his limbs, was bound.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲏⲣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the power and the wonders' refers to the miraculous events the protagonist narrated in the previous passage, which now prompt the archangel's servants to act.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is rendered 'archangel' per fixed liturgical usage, here applied to Gabriel, the central figure of the discourse.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The narrative shifts from the protagonist's first-person account to third-person description of his being carried to the holy place, marking a transition in perspective.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The 'holy place' (ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ) likely refers to a shrine or sanctuary dedicated to the archangel Gabriel, a common feature in Coptic pilgrimage sites.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲓ (?)","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲓ' is uncertain; the reading 'incline your heart toward me' is conjectural, as the Coptic may be corrupt or idiomatic.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϥⲥⲏϭ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The description of a man 'sick in his limbs' and 'bound' parallels the protagonist's own suffering, reinforcing the theme of physical affliction and miraculous healing in the discourse.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲓ' is uncertain; the translation 'incline your heart toward me' is a plausible reading but not certain.","The identity of 'the man likewise' (ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ) is ambiguous—whether a new character or the same protagonist is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲛⲉϥ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲉϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲉϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • Ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ • ⲛϥ︦ⲛ︦ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲧⲓ̈\nⲧⲕⲁⲥ ⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ\nⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϣⲛ̄ ϩⲧⲏϥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ϩⲛⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄|ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ̈\nϩⲉ • ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϫ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲛⲏϫ • ⲁⲕⲧⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ • ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲉⲭⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲥⲓⲗⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏ ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲧⲓ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ ⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛⲅ̄\nⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϥⲓ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲏϣ ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲏⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥ|ϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ •","english":"in the land at all times, like little children, he himself in the place, lying down, entreating the archangel to grant him healing. The sick man, however, lay beside the place, giving thanks for his cure. And the two of them sought healing from outside, from the hand of the holy archangel Gabriel. At that very moment, the archangel paid attention to them, he had compassion in his goodness, to grant them healing, the two of them, at one and the same time. And in this way, he appeared to the sick man in a vision, in the form of a luminous man, his face radiant, emitting rays of light. He said to the sick man, \"If you truly desire healing and your salvation to come to you, walk on your feet like other men. Pay attention to your mouth until all the people who are in the place lie down and go away. If you realize that they have all fallen asleep, rise up yourself, stretch out your hands and your feet, go to the place where the rich man lies who gives thanks for his cure, and begin to take the covering that is upon him. And when you have taken hold of the healing, walk on your feet; immediately you will be saved. You will go to your house like one who has never been ill.\" The man, however, when he heard this in the vision, was amazed and said within himself.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is fixed in liturgical usage; here it refers to Gabriel, as specified later in the passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a narrative of supplication to a visionary dialogue, marked by the phrase ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϫ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ (he appeared to the sick man in a vision). This structural cue confirms the dialogue classification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a healing vision in a saint's shrine (ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ) is typical of Coptic incubation narratives, where the afflicted sleep in the sanctuary awaiting divine intervention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ (like little children) is ambiguous: it may describe the suppliants' humility or their helplessness. The English draft adopts the former sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ (like little children) could be read as a simile for humility or for helplessness; the English draft takes it as humility.","The identity of the 'rich man' (ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ) is not explicitly stated in the Coptic; he may be the same as the 'sick man' or a separate figure."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲁⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲓⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϥⲓ̈ • ⲙ̄\nⲡϩⲟⲓ̈ⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ϭⲟⲡⲧ̄ • Ⲉⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲇⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ • ⲉⲓⲥⲏϭ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲇⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉⲓϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲓ ⲟⲥⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲁ ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ϩⲓ̈ⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲁⲛ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ •","english":"Truly, they made me a servant in the prison. If I do this, then I will go and take the garment of the rich man. It will become a cause of suffering for him, and his servants will be seized. For I am not able to heal myself, to deliver myself into the hands of the governor of the city, and he will kill me. I will go seeking a cure for my body, and I will give rest to my soul through the tortures that will be given to me. I will not do this forever. And that night, moreover, which is coming.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The speaker describes being enslaved in prison and contemplates stealing a rich man's garment, which would bring suffering to the rich man and his servants. He then rejects self-delivery to the governor, who would kill him, and instead seeks bodily healing through tortures that would give rest to his soul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' here, but in context of 'giving rest to my soul through tortures,' the term may also imply the life-force or the living person, as per the pinned glossary note.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of a governor (ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ) and prison (ⲧⲓⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩ) reflects the Roman provincial administration and penal system in late antique Egypt, where local officials had authority over arrests and executions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a first-person monologue within the narrative, presenting the speaker's internal dilemma. The shift from third-person healing narrative (previous passage) to first-person deliberation marks a structural break, possibly indicating a new episode or a character's direct speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲓϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ (I will go seeking a cure) is ambiguous: it could mean seeking medical healing or spiritual healing, and the following tortures (ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲥ) may refer to ascetic practices or judicial punishment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker is unclear: it may be the sick man, the supplicant, or another character. The phrase 'they made me a servant in the prison' could be literal or metaphorical. The relationship between the tortures and the soul's rest is ambiguous—whether these are self-imposed ascetic torments or punishments inflicted by authorities."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ • ⲉϥⲣ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ\nⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ • Ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲧⲓ\nⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ | ⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲁⲕⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲕⲉⲓ̈ⲣⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ (sic) ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲕ • Ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲓ̈ ⲁⲛ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲁⲗⲟ ⲁⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱⲛⲉ\nϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉⲕⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ\nⲛⲁⲕ • ⲕⲛⲁⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ̈ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲉ ⲡϥ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ̈ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ • ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϭⲟⲡⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϯⲛⲁⲣ̄\nⲁⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲁⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲥ̄ ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲕⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁ |ⲡⲉⲧ ϭⲏϫ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲩⲭⲉⲓ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ • Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲥⲩⲣⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • Ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥϯ\nⲧⲕⲁⲥ ⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • Ⲁϥⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟⲓ̈ⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲃⲥ̄\nⲉ ϫⲱϥ • Ⲁϥⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ\nϯ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ • ⲁϥⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ •","english":"The archangel Gabriel came to his door, wearing a great imperial robe, shining more than the sun. He spoke with the sick man, while a great flame was coming out of his mouth, and he said to him, “Why have you neglected to do what I commanded you? I have told you this: if you do not listen to me, you will not be healed from your sickness until you die. If you do what I commanded you, you will be healed quickly.” And when the archangel said these things to him, he went out from him immediately. He fell into confusion and fear, and he strengthened his heart well, saying, “Truly, the archangel Gabriel is the one who speaks with me. Now then, if it happens that they seize me and kill me, I will not listen this time. Let the will of the Lord be done in this way.” The man kept the word in his heart; he did not tell any man what had happened. When evening came, the sick man prayed until all the men who were sleeping in the place of the inn arose. He stretched out his hands and his feet. He went near the man who was naked and giving his feet to be bound. He seized the garment that was covering him, and he began to drag him. The man who was giving his feet and was naked fell down from the inn in confusion. And God and the archangel Gabriel...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The rank 'archangel' (ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ) is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage; Gabriel is named here as the archangel who appears to the sick man.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in Christian Coptic texts, as here in the final line.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'imperial robe' (ⲁⲝⲓⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ) reflects Byzantine court imagery, common in Coptic hagiography to denote angelic or divine authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit: the archangel Gabriel appears, delivers a command, departs, and the sick man resolves to obey, followed by a nighttime prayer and a physical struggle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ (with doubled epsilon) is a scribal variant or error for ⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ 'I commanded'; the sense is clear but the spelling is irregular.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of an archangel commanding a sick man under threat of death appears in other Coptic apocrypha (e.g., the Discourse on Michael), suggesting a shared tradition of angelic admonition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉϥⲣ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ' could be read as 'shining more than the sun' (comparative) or 'shining beyond the sun' (superlative); the English draft takes the comparative.","The identity of 'the man who was naked' (ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ) is ambiguous—possibly the rich man's servant or a separate figure; the narrative does not clarify."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁⲥⲃⲱⲗ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϫⲓ ⲧⲙⲣ̄ⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲗⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ • Ⲕⲁⲓ̈\nⲡⲉⲣ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲁϥⲁϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲏ ⲉ ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲗⲓ̈ⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ • ⲁϥϥⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ⲧⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲃⲥ̄ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ϭⲟⲡϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩ|ⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ\nⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲟϭϥ̄\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲡⲱⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲟⲙⲉⲩⲥ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ϩⲟⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲱϭⲣ̄ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲁ ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄\nϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • Ⲁϥϥⲟϭϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ϩⲓ̈ϫⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲁ ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲁϥⲡⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ ϭⲟⲡϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ\nⲟⲩⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲗⲟ • ⲉϥⲧⲓ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲗⲟ ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩϫⲓϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ϫⲉ | ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲛ̄\nϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲥⲧⲱⲧ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲁ ⲁⲩϫⲛⲉ\nⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ϭⲏϭ •","english":"He was terrified. He fell upon his face. His tongue was immediately loosened, and he spoke. He had never spoken before. He cried out in a loud voice, saying, \"Arise quickly! Let the servants of the rich man seize him!\" And immediately his hands and feet became straight. He lifted him up, and he fled on his feet like a gazelle until he went to his resting place. Likewise, the one whose feet were bound by the bone became straight for him. He threw him down upon his resting place like one who had never been ill. He ran after the sick man and his servants, shouting to seize him. After a while, however, when they had both experienced the grace that had come upon them—that is, the rich man who had been healed and was giving thanks, and the sick man whose straightening had occurred—they came together in the middle. They confessed the healing that had happened to both of them. They cried out together, \"One is God, the holy archangel Gabriel!\" When the entire crowd gathered together in the place of the holy archangel Gabriel, they saw this great wonder. They were filled with great fear. And they stood in awe. Then they asked the man who was lying down.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲁϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he cried out' (ⲁϥⲁϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ) marks a sudden vocal outburst, contrasting with the sick man's previous muteness. The Coptic verb ⲁϣⲕⲁⲕ implies a loud, perhaps inarticulate cry, not a reasoned speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article is the standard Sahidic term for the Christian God. Here it is used in the crowd's acclamation 'One is God, the holy archangel Gabriel', a formula that subordinates Gabriel to God while exalting him.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) is a fixed rank in Coptic liturgy. The epithet 'holy archangel Gabriel' (ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ) reflects the veneration of Gabriel as a healing intercessor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲧⲣⲟⲙⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲣⲟⲙⲉⲩⲥ (gazelle) is a Greek loanword (τρομεύς) used in Coptic for a swift, graceful animal. The simile 'like a gazelle' (ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲟⲙⲉⲩⲥ) is a conventional trope in Coptic miracle narratives to describe sudden, divinely enabled movement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the healing narrative with a double resolution: the rich man and the sick man are both healed, confess together, and the crowd witnesses the wonder. The repetition of 'both' (ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ) and the joint acclamation unify the two plotlines.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The crowd's acclamation 'One is God, the holy archangel Gabriel' echoes liturgical acclamations in Coptic festal hymns. The text likely served a homiletic or liturgical purpose, reinforcing Gabriel's role as a healer in popular piety.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥϥⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ⲧⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲃⲥ̄ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ is ambiguous: it may mean 'he took the garment that was covering me' (the sick man speaking) or 'he took the garment that was covering him' (the rich man). The reading adopted follows the English draft's interpretation of the rich man's action.","The identity of 'the one whose feet were bound by the bone' (ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲱϭⲣ̄ ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲁⲥ) is unclear: it may be the rich man or another figure. The English draft treats it as the rich man, but the Coptic could refer to a separate person."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲕ︤ⲣ︥ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ⲑⲉ ⲙ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲡ̄ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • Ⲉϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲁⲣ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ • Ⲁ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁϥϥⲓ ϩⲣⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲏ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣ|ⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁ\nⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲟϥ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ (sic) ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • Ⲁⲩϭⲱ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϣⲁ\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲟⲩ (sic) • ϩⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁⲩ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϩⲣⲏⲧⲱⲣ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲉⲣⲓ̈ⲣ̄ⲅⲁⲍⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡϫⲱⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲓⲛⲁϣϫⲱ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲧⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲣ̄ϣⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲓ̈ⲙⲉ\nⲉϥⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ(sic) • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓ̈ⲥ ⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲓ̈ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲓ̈ⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ •","english":"What has happened to you?\" until you did this. He, however, gave orders to them concerning everything that had happened to him, saying, \"Behold, this is how it happened to me.\" And he said, \"The archangel Gabriel is the one who appeared to me twice, wearing a form of light, until you did this.\"\n\nAll the people who were gathered together in the place of the holy archangel Gabriel raised a cry outside with a great voice, saying, \"One is the God of the archangel of strength. Great are the powers of this one who is the eighth of the life of Gabriel, the name of his honor.\"\n\nThe man whom they had seized, the paralytic, remained in the place of the archangel Gabriel, praying within it and fasting until the day of their death. \"I will say something of your deeds among the wonders that you have done. O great orator of God, the Logos, the holy archangel Gabriel. Truly, if I spent my entire time laboring after the completion of your wonders, I would not be able to speak a single part of them. Nevertheless, I will speak a few small portions among the wonders of strength that you have done, for the glory of Christ the Savior and his great holy archangel Gabriel, this one whose festival is today.\"\n\nThere was also a man dwelling in a village, a priest, outside the city of Asyut, at eight million. This one had there...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The archangel Gabriel is identified by the fixed rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel) and the name ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ, standard in Coptic liturgical usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) here refers to the gathered congregation, distinct from clergy, as in liturgical contexts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in Christian texts, as in the acclamation 'One is the God of the archangel of strength.'","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲁⲥⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲓ̈ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓ̈ⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'city of Asyut, at eight million' likely refers to a legendary or symbolic distance (eight million stadia or cubits), not a literal measurement, common in hagiographic exaggeration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (the healed man's testimony) to liturgical acclamation (the people's cry), then to a direct address praising Gabriel, and finally to a new episode about a priest in a village.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲟⲩ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲟⲩ (sic) is corrupt; the English draft reads 'of your deeds,' but the manuscript may have a scribal error. The reading is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲟⲩ (sic)' is unclear; it may be a corruption of ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲁⲩ ('of your deeds') or another word.","The number 'eight million' (ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓ̈ⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ) is ambiguous—likely symbolic, not literal.","The identity of 'the man whom they had seized, the paralytic' is not fully clarified; he may be the same as the healed man from the previous passage."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":32,"ref":"p32","source":"ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ • ⲁϥ|ⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲑⲩⲗⲓ̈ⲅⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲩϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉϥⲧⲓ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϣϭⲟⲙ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲓ̈ ϫⲱϥ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲥⲟⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲛⲏϫ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲉⲙⲉϥⲉϣⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ϥⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲁⲟ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲟⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲩⲛⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲉⲓⲁ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲟⲩⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲡϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϫⲱϥ • ⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲟⲟⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩϫⲉϩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲉⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡϥ︦ⲙ︦ⲧⲟⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉⲑⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ • ⲁϥⲉⲣⲏⲧ • ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲣ̄ϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲛϥ̄ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ• ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϯⲛⲁⲧⲓ ⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄|ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲟⲩ • ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ̈ ⲉϫⲓ̈\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲏ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ̈ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲧⲓⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϭⲟⲙ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ̈ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲭⲁⲣⲓ̈ⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϯⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ •","english":"of a son, an only child. He came to the rank of tribulation, and afterward, he fell into a sickness, giving pain to his hands and his feet, by day and by night, and he had no strength to lift himself up entirely, as if he had spent years lying on a bed, unable to rise from the place where he slept. And many times, his parents and his relatives reached out to him, saying, \"Truly, death would be more restful for him than the suffering that is upon him.\" His parents, however, spent great sums of money on physicians, but they brought him no relief. Rather, it made him worse. When his father heard about the powers and the miracles that occur in the holy place of the archangel Gabriel, which is in the city of Rome, he prayed, saying, \"If the God of the archangel Gabriel would hear my supplication and grant healing to my son, I will give sixty gold coins each year to the sanctuary until the day of my death. For I know, O my Lord the archangel, that you have power over all things, and that I am unable to bring my son to stand in your sanctuary, because he cannot walk or mount a beast, due to the great suffering upon him. But I believe that your holy power fills every place. May your grace reach me, that you may grant healing to my little son. I will become...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'archangel Gabriel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage; here it identifies the holy figure whose sanctuary in Rome is the setting for the father's vow.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in Christian Coptic texts; here it appears in the father's prayer as 'the God of the archangel Gabriel', a circumlocution for divine agency.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The city of Rome is named as the location of Gabriel's sanctuary; this reflects a late antique tradition that associated the archangel with a cult site in Rome, possibly the church of San Gabriele or a related foundation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative description of the son's illness to direct speech: the father's vow to the archangel. The shift is marked by ⲁϥⲉⲣⲏⲧ (he prayed) and the following ϫⲉ (saying).","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a parent vowing gold coins to a saint's sanctuary in exchange for healing is common in Coptic miracle collections; this passage parallels similar vows in the 'Miracles of Saint Colluthus' and other hagiographic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕϯⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕϯⲛⲟⲥ (gold coins) is a loanword from Greek ὁλοκόττινος; the exact value is uncertain but it denotes a high-denomination coin. The father's vow of sixty per year is a substantial sum.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲛⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲥⲟⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ (as if he had spent years) is a simile; the exact duration of the illness is not specified. The reading 'years' is idiomatic for a long period.","The father's statement 'I will give sixty gold coins each year' could be interpreted as a perpetual annual offering or a one-time gift of sixty coins per year until death; the Coptic ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ (each year) supports the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":33,"ref":"p33","source":"ⲉⲓⲉⲝⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲟⲙ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄","english":"he would confess your powers, until the day of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲉⲝⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲟⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he would confess your powers' continues the preceding narrative of a sick man; the speaker addresses Gabriel, promising that the man will acknowledge the angel's miraculous powers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲝⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲝⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ (from Greek ἐξομολογέω) means 'confess, acknowledge' and often carries a religious sense of declaring faith or gratitude, here directed toward Gabriel's powers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'until the day of' is a temporal clause that likely introduces a specific day (e.g., judgment, death, or a feast), but the text breaks off, leaving the conclusion incomplete.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text ends abruptly with ⲙ̄, likely a truncated ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ or similar; the manuscript may be damaged or the passage incomplete, making the exact referent uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage belongs to a Coptic apocryphon attributed to Pseudo-Celestinus, a common pseudepigraphal device; the discourse focuses on the archangel Gabriel's intercessory role, typical of late antique Coptic angelology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic breaks off at ⲙ̄, leaving the object of 'until the day of' unspecified; it may have been 'judgment', 'death', or a feast day.","The subject of ⲉⲓⲉⲝⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ is implied from the previous passage (the sick man), but the pronoun is not explicit in this fragment."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":34,"ref":"p34","source":"ⲡⲁ ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲁⲛⲉϩⲧⲏϥ ⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • Ⲁϥⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲩ[ⲛⲏ]ⲑⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲉϥⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲉϥϫⲓϣ|ⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nϯ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲱⲃϣ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲉⲓ̈ ϣⲁ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ\nϣⲏⲙ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲉϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲛⲏϫ ⲁⲕⲧⲓⲛ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϭⲟⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ\nϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • Ⲁⲓ̈ϥⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲕ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲛ̄ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲡϩⲣ̄ϣⲉⲣⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫ︤ⲥ︥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥϩⲟⲡϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲙ̄ⲧⲟ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲁⲓⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ • ⲉ\nⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲁⲥ ϩⲓ̈ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϥⲟϭϥ̄ ϩⲓ̈ϫⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲁ | ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲁϥⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲉϥϫⲓ̈ ⲃⲟϭⲉ • ⲉϥⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲙ̄ⲡ ϥ̄ϣⲱⲛⲉ\nⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲓϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲕⲣ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • Ⲁⲕⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ •","english":"My death. At that hour, however, the archangel Gabriel heard the prayer of the man. He wished to grant the healing of his son, for he was compassionate. And he brought a small piece of linen upon the small child. He shone more than the sun, as if he did not shine by day and by night, being dark outside, because of the great worm that was consuming him. And when he shone, the holy archangel Gabriel came to the small child in a vision, wearing a great glory that cannot be described, his face having a garment of light cast outward, covering his face. He said to him, \"Behold, I have taken from you the worm, and there is no pain that will afflict you from this time, O child.\" He said, \"My lord, who are you, that you have such great glory surrounding you?\" He said to him, \"I am Gabriel, the archangel.\" And at that hour he hid his face from him. When he awoke in the morning, he found his body full of filth. And when he perceived the healing that had happened to him, and that there was no worm on his body, he washed himself on his bed, stood on his feet, walked, taking strength, blessing God, and he acted as one who had never been ill. At that hour he wished to proclaim, \"I give glory to you, the great holy archangel Gabriel, because you have fulfilled my thought, you have granted me the healing.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the child's body after healing, found full of filth (ⲃⲱⲧⲉ), consistent with martyrdom accounts where the corpse is the site of decay.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The child blesses (ⲥⲙⲟⲩ) God after healing; the verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise', and here God is the object, so 'praise' is also possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel is consistently titled ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ, the fixed rank in Coptic liturgical usage, and is called 'holy' (ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue within a vision: Gabriel speaks to the child, the child responds, and Gabriel reveals his identity. The healing is confirmed by the child's physical recovery and praise.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a worm (ⲧⲕⲁⲥ) consuming a body and being removed by an archangel is typical of Coptic miracle narratives, often associated with healing and exorcism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This discourse, attributed to Pseudo-Celestinus, circulated in Coptic monastic and liturgical contexts, emphasizing Gabriel's intercessory power and the efficacy of prayer.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲁ ⲙⲟⲩ (my death) is ambiguous: it may be a cry of despair or a narrative marker; the reading taken is as an exclamation by the father.","The word ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲩ[ⲛⲏ]ⲑⲓ̈ⲁ is a Greek loan (παρατυσία?) and the exact meaning is uncertain; the translation 'more than the sun' follows the context of shining."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":35,"ref":"p35","source":"ⲡϥ̄ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡ • ⲁⲩⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲁ ⲁⲩϫⲛⲉ ⲡⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲛ[ⲧⲁϥ]ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲧⲉ ⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁⲥ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ Ⲱ̄ ⲡϥⲁⲓ̈ ϣⲙ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ⲛ̄\nⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈","english":"His father and his mother, when they saw the healing that had happened to their son, in a single moment, wept greatly. Then they asked their son, \"What has happened to you, our beloved son?\" He, however, told them the vision that he had seen. At that hour, they cried out, saying, \"One is God, the holy archangel Gabriel. Great is the gift that you have given us, O blessed one, good one.\" And great joy came upon their house.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The parents' weeping and questioning of their son after his healing is a typical narrative motif in miracle stories, emphasizing human astonishment at divine intervention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts, here used in the exclamation 'One is God'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'holy archangel Gabriel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage; the rank ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is consistently rendered 'archangel'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage concludes the healing episode with a communal acclamation and joy, typical of the narrative closure in this discourse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The exclamation 'One is God' echoes a common Coptic liturgical acclamation, reinforcing the monotheistic emphasis in angelic miracle stories.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲡⲉⲛ[ⲧⲁϥ]ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲕ is partially reconstructed; the reading 'what has happened to you' is adopted based on context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":36,"ref":"p36","source":"ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲟⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ | ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩϯ\nⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ ⲡⲱϩ ϣⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • Ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ ⲧⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ\nⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲓ̈ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄\nϩⲉⲛ ⲕⲉ ⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲛⲩ (sic) Ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩϥ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ • ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲏ[ⲏⲧ ⲙ̄]ⲙⲟⲥ • ⲡϩⲣ̄[ϣⲉⲣⲉ] ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲓ̈ⲧ[ⲟⲩ] ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲉ\nⲧϥ̄ϩⲓ̈▨▨ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ\nϣⲁⲛⲧ ϥ̄ϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥\nⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ϩⲩⲗⲏ ⲭⲉⲣⲥⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲕϩ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲓ̈ⲥ\nⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲅⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲩⲗⲏ ⲉⲧ\nϫⲁϫⲱ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉϥⲉⲗϩⲙ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ |\nϣⲏⲙ • ⲁϥⲡⲱⲧ [ⲉ ϩⲟ]ⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲙⲉϩ ⲣⲱϥ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲡⲓⲣ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲁϥⲥⲱⲕ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲩⲗⲏ • ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲙϥ̄ • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲅⲏ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲓ ⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ̄ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲅⲏ • ⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲧ\nⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁϯ ⲛⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ •","english":"all of them, because of the healing that had happened to the young child, since he was an only son of his parents. And everyone who heard marveled greatly. They gave glory to God the Archangel, the holy Gabriel. And the news spread to everyone. On the next day, which was the Lord's Day, the man called his son. He gave him the hundred gold coins and some other gifts, which were prepared. He sent him to the city of Rome, to the shrine of the holy Archangel Gabriel, according to the vow he had made. The young man took them with joy. He gave them to his mother, so that she might go to the shrine of the holy Archangel Gabriel. And as he was walking alone, until he entered the city, until three million (units), he came upon great thickets of dry wood, which were difficult to walk through. And immediately, behold, a wild lion came out from the thickets there, rushing upon the young child. He ran into his mouth. It filled its mouth with the young child's spittle. It drew him into the thicket, wanting to eat him. The young child wanted to cry out, in great distress, saying, \"My Lord, my Archangel Gabriel, help me in this great distress. For you know, my Lord, that my father sent me to your shrine to give these small gifts.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'God the Archangel' is unusual; it may reflect a conflation of divine and angelic titles in popular piety, or a textual corruption. The glossary notes that ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ with the article names God, but here it is directly linked to the archangel Gabriel.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲣⲱⲙⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The city of Rome is named as the destination for the gifts, indicating a tradition that Gabriel's shrine was located there. This aligns with later medieval legends of Gabriel's cult in Rome, though no early Coptic source confirms a specific shrine.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a collective response (all who heard marveled) to a specific narrative: the father sends his son to Rome with gifts, followed by a perilous encounter with a lion. This episodic structure is typical of miracle stories in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲛⲩ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The word ⲧⲁⲛⲩ is marked as a scribal error; it likely stands for ⲧⲁⲛⲏⲩ (prepared) or a similar form. The sense is clear from context: the gifts were ready.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'three million' is ambiguous: it may refer to three million units of distance (e.g., paces) or to a monetary sum. The context of walking suggests distance, but the number is hyperbolically large, typical of legendary narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'God the Archangel' may be a textual corruption or a deliberate conflation; the reading taken follows the glossary's distinction between ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) and ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (archangel).","The number 'three million' is ambiguous between distance and monetary value; the reading taken assumes distance based on the walking context.","The word ⲧⲁⲛⲩ is a scribal error; the reading taken is 'prepared'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":37,"ref":"p37","source":"ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲡⲁ\nⲏⲓ̈ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲧⲓⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ • Ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓ̈ⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ̈\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • Ⲁϥϥⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲣⲱϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲡⲓⲣ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲗⲏⲅⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲙⲟⲩⲓ\nⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ | [The remainder of the Encomium is\nwanting.]","english":"into your holy martyrion, and you turned me to my house. And behold, I am about to die at the hand of the beast. But at that very moment, the holy archangel Gabriel came out from heaven, wearing a garment of light. He took the young child out of the mouth of the lion, sealed his seed, healed him from his wounds which the lion had given him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archangel' is fixed in Coptic liturgical usage for Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, and Suriel. Here it identifies Gabriel as a high-ranking angelic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'heaven' as the abode of God, consistent with the text's theological context rather than a cosmological 'sky'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The 'holy martyrion' refers to a shrine or church dedicated to a martyr, a common setting for miracle narratives in Coptic encomia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is the narrative climax: the archangel intervenes directly, rescuing the child from the lion, healing him, and sealing his seed—a motif of divine protection and restoration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text breaks off after ⲛϥ̄, and the English draft notes the remainder is wanting. The phrase 'sealed his seed' (ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲡⲓⲣ) may refer to a ritual or protective act, but its exact significance is uncertain due to the fragmentary state.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This encomium is attributed to Pseudo-Celestinus and survives only in Coptic fragments. The miracle of Gabriel rescuing a child from a lion reflects hagiographic tropes common in Coptic literature, emphasizing angelic intercession.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.pseudocelestinus-discourse-gabriel","label":"source edition: PseudoCelestinus Discourse Gabriel","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/PseudoCelestinus_Discourse%20Gabriel%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'sealed his seed' (ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲡⲓⲣ) is ambiguous: it may denote a protective blessing or a symbolic act ensuring the child's future lineage. The Coptic text is fragmentary after ⲛϥ̄, leaving the conclusion unknown."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}