{"slug":"budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","title":"Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","author":"Anonymous","genre":"monastic","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T13:25:06Z","cost_usd":0.083883},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","work_id":"budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":132,"english_words":22444,"coptic_letters":61995,"commentary_units":756,"commentary_kinds":10,"derived_notes":174,"ambiguities":277,"work_notes":6,"external_links":5,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","abstract":"The Paphnutius Histories of the Monks of Egypt is a Coptic collection of monastic lives and sayings, typical of hagiography and apophthegmata from late antique Egypt. The text survives in fragmentary Sahidic Coptic manuscripts, notably from the White Monastery, and was first translated into English by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1915. It recounts visits to ascetic communities, describing liturgical practices, scriptural quotations, and the narrator’s role in the diakonia. The work is traditionally attributed to Paphnutius, but this attribution is unconfirmed and the text may be composite. Its simple narrative Coptic and ascetic vocabulary suggest a monastic audience, likely from the 5th–6th centuries, a period of flourishing Egyptian monastic literature after the Council of Chalcedon.","historical_context":"The text likely dates to the 5th–6th centuries, a period when Egyptian monasticism was highly influential and Coptic literature flourished, especially after the Council of Chalcedon (451 CE) which deepened divisions between Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian (including Coptic) communities. The work is set in the monastic settlements of Egypt, such as those associated with the White Monastery (Dayr Anba Shinudah), a major center of Coptic literary production. The language is Sahidic Coptic, the dominant literary dialect of Upper Egypt. The genre blends hagiography and apophthegmata, reflecting the oral and written traditions of desert fathers. Transmission is fragmentary; Budge’s edition relies on a single incomplete manuscript, and no external evidence confirms the traditional attribution to Paphnutius. The text may be a composite of multiple sources, compiled for monastic edification.","significance":"The Paphnutius Histories provides rare insight into the daily liturgical and ascetic life of Coptic monks in late antiquity, including details on prayer services (synaxis, lucernarium) and communal meals. It exemplifies the post-Chalcedonian development of Coptic monastic literature and the use of scripture in monastic formation. The work also illustrates the fluidity of authorship in Coptic hagiography, where traditional attributions often mask composite or anonymous origins.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–6th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Paphnutius Histories in Sahidic Coptic, reflecting post-Chalcedonian Egyptian monasticism."},{"date":"ca. 6th–9th c.","event":"Manuscript transmission, including fragments from the White Monastery library."},{"date":"1915","event":"First English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge, based on a single incomplete Sahidic Coptic manuscript."}],"relations":[{"work":"Historia Monachorum in Aegypto","relation":"Similar genre of monastic travel narratives and sayings, though in Greek; Paphnutius Histories is a Coptic counterpart.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Apophthegmata Patrum","relation":"Shares the genre of monastic sayings and ascetic wisdom, but Paphnutius is more narrative and liturgical.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Life of Antony","relation":"Both are foundational Coptic hagiographical works, though Paphnutius focuses on collective monastic life.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Budge's Miscellaneous Coptic Texts","relation":"Budge’s edition of Paphnutius Histories is part of his larger corpus of Coptic translations.","key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Paphnutius","label":"Paphnutius (saint)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paphnutius","reason":"Provides background on the traditional author figure, though the attribution is uncertain."},{"key":"wikipedia:Coptic literature","label":"Coptic literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_literature","reason":"Context for the language and literary tradition of the work."},{"key":"wikipedia:White Monastery","label":"White Monastery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Monastery","reason":"Provenance of the manuscript used by Budge."},{"key":"wikipedia:Desert Fathers","label":"Desert Fathers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_Fathers","reason":"Broader monastic context for the sayings and lives in the text."},{"key":"hollis:alma990093283950203941","label":"Harvard Hollis record for Budge's edition","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990093283950203941","reason":"Library catalog entry for the primary translation."}],"cautions":["The attribution to Paphnutius is traditional and unconfirmed; the work may be composite.","The text survives only in fragmentary manuscripts; Budge’s edition relies on a single incomplete witness.","The exact date of composition is unknown; the 5th–6th century range is a scholarly estimate based on genre and historical context.","The language is Sahidic Coptic, but the original may have been translated from Greek or compiled from oral traditions."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000528,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:33:20Z"},"checks":{"work":"budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","status":"warn","blocking":[],"warnings":[{"code":"ratio-warn","i":89,"ratio":1.273}],"stats":{"passages":132,"translated":132,"commentary_passages":132,"commentary_units":756,"english_words":22444,"coptic_letters":61995,"commentary_kinds":10},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text survives in a single manuscript (Budge’s source) with lacunae; the English translation is based on this defective witness.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is attributed to Paphnutius (4th–5th cent.), but the extant Coptic version likely dates to the 6th–7th cent., with later editorial layers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The histories were used in Coptic monastic lectionaries and cited in later ascetic florilegia, but no critical edition of the Coptic exists.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990093283950203941"]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The OCR-based source edition may contain uncorrected misreadings of Coptic characters, especially in proper names and numerals.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Paphnutius is conventional; the text may be a composite of multiple anonymous monastic traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition used is Budge’s 1915 publication of the Coptic text with English translation, based on a single manuscript from the White Monastery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: monastic in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 85 narrative, 41 dialogue, 6 address to the congregation."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"31 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"81 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":85,"dialogue":41,"address":6},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"God","count":107,"first_passage":1,"note":"Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲁ","english":"Apa","count":101,"first_passage":2,"note":"A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"bishop","count":71,"first_passage":24,"note":""},{"coptic":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","english":"pray","count":32,"first_passage":6,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","english":"people","count":24,"first_passage":45,"note":"Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"coptic":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","english":"Lord","count":22,"first_passage":1,"note":"Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","english":"church","count":21,"first_passage":4,"note":"The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":21,"first_passage":5,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"archbishop","count":21,"first_passage":24,"note":"In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","english":"presbyter","count":16,"first_passage":36,"note":"Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","english":"bless","count":13,"first_passage":50,"note":"The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":11,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"apostle","count":11,"first_passage":7,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","english":"love","count":11,"first_passage":9,"note":"Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"coptic":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"grace","count":9,"first_passage":12,"note":"The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","english":"deacon","count":9,"first_passage":36,"note":"The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."},{"coptic":"ⲧⲡⲉ","english":"heaven","count":7,"first_passage":15,"note":"The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","english":"nation","count":7,"first_passage":51,"note":"Greek ἔθνος. In the plural, the Gentiles as a category over against Israel; in the singular, a nation like any other."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","english":"holy","count":6,"first_passage":1,"note":"Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"prophet","count":6,"first_passage":19,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","english":"faith","count":6,"first_passage":40,"note":"Greek πίστις; 'faithfulness' where the sense is reliability rather than assent."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":5,"first_passage":11,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"disciple","count":5,"first_passage":12,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":4,"first_passage":8,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":4,"first_passage":103,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","english":"virgin","count":3,"first_passage":2,"note":"Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."},{"coptic":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","english":"baptism","count":3,"first_passage":40,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","english":"Mary","count":3,"first_passage":129,"note":"The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."},{"coptic":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","english":"fruit","count":2,"first_passage":87,"note":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ","english":"blessing","count":1,"first_passage":90,"note":"Greek εὐλογία. In monastic and liturgical texts the concrete sense is the blessed bread given to visitors; the abstract sense is a blessing."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","english":"resurrection","count":1,"first_passage":115,"note":"Greek ἀνάστασις; the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word."}],"citations":{"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt":{"label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks":{"label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"[Ⲁⲩ]ⲱ ⲧⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ[ϩⲟⲩ]ⲧ︦ⲕ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲛ̄ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ▨ⲡⲉⲛⲕⲁϩ • ⲣ ⲡⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲁϭⲥ[ⲉ] [ⲉ]ⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡ[ⲣϥ̄]ⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϫⲉ\nϩⲉⲛⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲛⲉ [ⲛⲉⲕ]ⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲉⲣ[ⲓⲧ] ⲛⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧ [ϫⲟⲟⲥ] ϫⲉ\nⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲱ̄ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ▨▨ⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲣⲟⲧ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲁⲓ[ⲣ] [ⲡ]ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲱ[ϥ ϩⲙ̄] ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϫⲓⲥ ⲛ̄[ϣⲟ]ⲣ︦ⲡ︦ ϫⲉ ϯⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲓ ⲏⲓ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉ\nⲧⲉ[ⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓ]ⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • [ⲉ]ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ [ⲕⲟⲧⲥ̄] ⲉ ϫⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓϩⲉ\nⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ [ⲛ̄]ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲏⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛⲉ • ⲁⲓⲕⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲁ ⲉⲓ[ⲣⲏ]ⲛⲏ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ [ⲛ̄]ⲥⲁϩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⁘ [ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉ]ⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲛⲉⲓⲣⲉ\nⲛ[ⲥⲩⲛⲁ]ⲝⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲕⲱ ϩⲁ ⲣⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲣⲁ[ⲡⲏⲍⲁ][ⲁ]ⲛϣⲗ̇ⲏⲗ\nⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ▨▨▨▨▨ [one or two lines wanting] | [ⲟⲩ]ⲱⲙ •\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ ϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟ[ⲩⲧⲉ] [ⲛ̄]ⲑⲉ ⲙ ⲡϩ︦ⲙ︦ϩⲁⲗ • ⲛ̄\nⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ • ⲛⲧⲁ▨▨▨ϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲩ[ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟ]ⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ [ⲣⲱ] ⲁⲓϯ\nⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉϥϥⲟ▨ⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϯϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ\nⲥⲱϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉϩⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϫⲱⲕ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ▨ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲁ ⲧⲣ︦ⲛ︦▨ⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ • ⲁⲛϫⲉⲕ ⲧⲉⲩ▨▨ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ •","english":"And the diakonia, I have been appointed to it. O blessed are we! Our land is worthy of your holy footsteps. Well did the Psalmist David say, \"Beloved are your dwelling places.\" And again, \"Beloved are they because of their fathers.\" The Lord said, \"It came to pass with great joy and gladness within us.\" I remembered the word that the Lord spoke in the Gospel: \"The house into which you enter, first say, 'Peace to this house.' If the children of peace are there, let your peace rest upon it. If not, let your peace turn upon you.\" When I saw that they were children of peace, I placed my peace upon them, according to the word of the teacher of us all, Christ our Lord. When the time came, we performed the synaxis. They set before us the table. We prayed. We ate... [one or two lines wanting] ...ate with these holy ones of God, like the servant of Abraham, who... within with joy, and they fulfilled their entire will. I, for my part, glorified God that He did not turn away the face of the one who sought Him, according to what is written: \"The good desire of man is fulfilled by worshipping God.\" After we had finished the lucernarium, we completed their entire... praying.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek loanword εἰρήνη; here in the liturgical formula 'peace to this house', not a comment on civil order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Lord's saying about entering a house and saying 'Peace' echoes a non-canonical or adapted gospel tradition, not a direct NT verse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The diakonia likely refers to a monastic service or office, not a liturgical order; the narrator claims appointment to it.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The lucernarium (evening prayer) marks a liturgical time division; the passage moves from synaxis to meal to this office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ","severity":"caution","text":"The reference to Abraham's servant is fragmentary; the Coptic breaks after ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ▨▨▨ϥ̄, leaving the action unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Christ our Lord' (ⲡⲉⲭⲥ ⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) is a standard Sahidic formula, reinforcing the Christological focus of the monastic narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has lacunae after ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ▨▨▨▨▨ (one or two lines wanting) and in the phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ▨▨▨ϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ; the reading taken follows the English draft's reconstruction of a meal with the holy ones and a reference to Abraham's servant."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ → “God”. Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ carries more than one sense (god, deity); this passage takes it as “God”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ → “Lord”. Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (master, owner); this passage takes it as “Lord”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ → “holy”. Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (saint); this passage takes it as “holy”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ⲉⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ▨▨ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲃⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲙ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ [ⲉⲧ] ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲥⲁ[ϩ] ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲉⲕⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • [ⲛⲙ]ⲙⲁϥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲍⲁⲩⲃⲟⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩ[ⲱ] ▨▨ⲣⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲁⲛϯ ϩⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉ[ⲙⲁⲁ]ⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ϩⲱ▨▨ⲛ ⲁⲓϯ ϩⲏⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲓ\nϩⲉ ⲁⲓϫⲓ ▨▨ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲃ̄[ⲃⲓⲟ] ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲕⲁ ⲣⲱϥ • ⲉⲙ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉⲉⲓ▨▨ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ⲑⲏ\nϩⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄▨▨ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄[ⲙⲁϥ]• ⲕⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲡⲉ • ϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫ[ⲉ ⲙⲡ ⲉⲓ]ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄▨▨▨ⲉⲉ • [ⲁ]ϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ▨▨|\nⲉⲣⲅⲁⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛ ϯ ⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ[ⲁⲓ] [ⲛ̄]ϭⲓ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲟ ϫⲉ \nⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲁⲙ[ⲟⲕ] [ⲁϥ]ϫⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉϥⲙ[ⲛ︦]ⲧ︦ⲃⲣ̄ⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲭⲓⲁ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ⲉϥⲣ̄ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϭⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ\nⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ ⲉ ⲁⲥⲱ̄ • ϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϣⲁϥⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲃ̄ⲃⲓⲟ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲩϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ ϩⲱⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥϩⲁⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉⲣ̄ ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲏ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲏ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲧⲁⲓ\nϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲉ • ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ •","english":"The word of God and his holy teachings. I said to the holy old man, Apa Seleusios, about a good brother, the one who dwells with him, who is Apa Zavoulon. And I rejoiced greatly that I had rejoiced at his door. He said to me, \"I also rejoiced in this way. I received ... outside, from his hand, through humility and silence, not wishing to hear his word, whether in anything, even a little. The one who speaks with him, even if he is great, says, 'I do not know.'\" I said to him, \"How, in this ... practice of this kind?\" The old man said to me, \"Listen, I will tell you. He took a wife in his youth, and he progresses in every work. He was a virgin from his childhood, and he fled from every craft of women, fearing because of the word that is written: 'He who looks at a woman and desires her, he has already committed sin in his heart, and the desire, if it continues, gives birth to sin. Sin, when it is completed, gives birth to death.' And he walks in every humility. In this way, he saw a vision, as if he saw a glorious man before him, saying, 'No one can serve two masters, or love one and hate the other. This is your way, my brother.'","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (Greek παρθένος) is rendered 'virgin' in accordance with the fixed Marian and monastic usage; here it describes Apa Zavoulon's lifelong sexual continence, not merely his youth.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The warning against looking at a woman with desire echoes a common ascetic proof-text, possibly derived from Proverbs or patristic florilegia; the exact source is not identified in the Coptic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲭⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲭⲓⲁ (Greek συντεχνία) denotes a 'craft' or 'trade'; here it is used metaphorically for the wiles or arts of women, a topos in monastic literature warning against female company.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a dialogue frame (the narrator speaking to Apa Seleusios) to an embedded first-person narrative by the old man, who recounts Apa Zavoulon's life and a vision; this layered structure is typical of the genre.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has several lacunae (marked ▨▨) and uncertain readings, e.g., ⲉⲓⲧⲁ and ⲉⲣⲅⲁⲥⲓⲁ; the English draft fills these conjecturally. The phrase 'I received ... outside, from his hand' is particularly obscure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The vision of a glorious man saying 'No one can serve two masters' recalls Matthew 6:24, but the Coptic phrasing (ⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲉⲣ̄ ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ̄ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ) is a free adaptation, not a direct citation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker in the vision (ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ) is ambiguous: it may be an angel or a personification of the ascetic ideal.","The phrase ⲉⲓⲧⲁ is unclear; it may be a Coptic interjection or a corruption of ⲉⲓⲧⲉ (Greek εἶτα, 'then').","The lacuna before ⲉⲣⲅⲁⲥⲓⲁ leaves the referent of 'this practice' uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ → “virgin”. Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲁ","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ → “Apa”. A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲁⲕⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉ • ⲉⲩϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϩⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ϫ[ⲉ] [ⲙ]ⲉⲣⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲙ ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲧⲁϩϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ [one line wanting] ▨▨ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲁⲁϥ • ⲙ\nⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲉϣ[ⲱⲡⲉ] ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲣ̄ ϣⲟⲉⲓϫ\n[ⲙ]ⲉϥϫⲓ ⲕⲗⲟⲙ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲙⲓϣ[ⲉ] ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲕⲛⲁϫⲣⲟ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲁⲩ[ⲱ] ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲁϥⲗⲟ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ","english":"Seleusios said, \"You have hastened to a good work, according to what is written in the apostle: 'Let no one who is a soldier be bound...' [one line wanting] ...what he has done. A soldier, if moreover someone becomes a recruit, let him not receive a crown unless he fights well. You will strengthen on the right and on the left.\" And immediately the one who was speaking with him became invisible. He ceased to see his face at dawn.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'according to what is written in the apostle' introduces a citation, likely from a Pauline epistle, though the exact verse is lost due to a lacuna.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ is rendered as 'apostle' per the pinned glossary, referring here to a scriptural text, likely a Pauline epistle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲛ̄ [one line wanting]","severity":"caution","text":"A line is missing in the Coptic after ⲙⲛ̄, indicated by '[one line wanting]', disrupting the continuity of the apostle quotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The military metaphor of a soldier (ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ) and recruit (ϣⲟⲉⲓϫ) is common in early monastic literature, likening the monk to a soldier in spiritual combat.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'and immediately' marks a narrative shift from Seleusios's speech to the sudden disappearance of the interlocutor, a typical hagiographic motif.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a holy figure becoming invisible at dawn recurs in Coptic monastic literature, emphasizing the transient, visionary nature of such encounters.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲙⲛ̄ obscures the full apostle quotation; the English draft supplies a conjectural completion based on the soldier metaphor.","The identity of 'the one who was speaking with him' is unclear from the passage alone; it may refer to a divine or angelic figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁϥ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛϩⲁϩ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛϥ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲅⲛⲱⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉϣⲁⲩⲟ̄ϣⲟⲩ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲟⲛ • ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲉⲧ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁ[ⲫ]ⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲛ [ϣ]ⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲥⲩⲙⲃⲟⲩⲗⲉⲩ[ⲉ] • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲉ\nⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲁⲛⲧⲁϥ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲅ̄ϥⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲥⳁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲟⲩⲁϩⲕ̄ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲕⲱ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ[ⲟ]ⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲙⲉ̄ • ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲣϥ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲉⲧ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ |\nⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ⲙⲏ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲕⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲡϫⲥ̄ ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄\nⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲃ̄ⲃⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ϭⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ\nⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • ϥⲥⲩⲙⲁⲛⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲩⲗⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛⲟⲩ • Ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nϭⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲛ ⲥⲟⲛ • ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ ⲕ̄ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲛ︦ⲅ︦ⲕⲁⲁⲧ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏⲙⲉⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲕⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲱϩⲙ̄ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁϩⲙⲉⲕ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲅ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛⲥⲉϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱⲕ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲙ︤ⲛ︦ⲧ︥ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ϣ̄ϣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲁⲁⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ\nⲛϭⲓ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ •","english":"...but if it happens that there is a man, an old man dwelling near him, who has knowledge of the scriptures, he would go to him many times and inquire about the reading, about the lessons that are read in the church. He was a lover of the poor. Now then, he would also often speak to himself, turning over his thoughts, and he would set his heart on the holy scriptures. When he went to him, he would speak to him about the vision he had seen, for it was counseling him. He said to him, \"Renounce everything that you have. Take up your cross, follow your Lord, and put the dead to rest in the truth, not their corpses that are empty. Have you not heard the Lord crying out in the Gospels, 'Let no one lay a hand on a garment and turn it back to front, and straighten it inward, toward the kingdom of heaven'? This saying, 'look to the back,' signifies the cares of the empty world and its material things, by not knowing them. Now then, my beloved brother, I do not wish for you to go and leave me because of your knowledge and your coming to me, which is full of profit, but I also wish for you to walk in the calling to which you have been called. Arise and go to the brothers, and they will give you the habit of the monastic life, and they will teach you what is fitting for you to do.\" And in this manner he went, according to what the old man had said. He went to them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (from Greek ἐκκλησία) here refers to the church building where scripture readings occur, consistent with the glossary's range.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲃ̄ⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The saying attributed to the Lord in the Gospels is not a direct quotation from the canonical Gospels; it may be a loose paraphrase or an apocryphal saying, possibly echoing themes of renunciation found in Matthew 10:37-38 or Luke 9:23.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The instruction to 'take up your cross and follow your Lord' reflects the ascetic ideal of imitatio Christi, common in Egyptian monastic literature, where the cross symbolizes the renunciation of worldly attachments.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative description of the old man's habits to direct speech, marked by ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲉ ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ, introducing the old man's exhortation to the younger monk.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna of about eleven characters (▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨) after ⲉⲧ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨, making the phrase 'their corpses that are empty' uncertain; the English draft supplies a plausible restoration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of the old man as a spiritual guide who interprets visions and directs the younger monk to the monastic community is a recurring topos in the Paphnutius cycle, influencing later hagiographic traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990093283950203941"]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'him' in 'when he went to him' is ambiguous: the old man or the younger monk? The context suggests the younger monk goes to the old man.","The lacuna after ⲉⲧ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ leaves the exact description of the corpses uncertain; the English draft reads 'that are empty' but the Coptic may have had a different adjective."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ → “church”. The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ\nⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟ[ϥ] ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲙⲉ • ⲉϥⲟⲩ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲣⲁⲛ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲧⲉ | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲥϯⲟⲥ ⲉ\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲟⲩⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ\nⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲧⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲛ̄ ϭⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲉⲩⲗⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛ ϩⲁⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁ︦ϩ︦ⲃ︦ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲧⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϥⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ •","english":"...the brothers, in the place that is called... his face alone, together with his entire body, for the most part, in the ascetic practices, according to what is written: \"Twenty years he spent as a child, and the circuit of his years in the very gold of the fruit,\" he said this concerning the raising of the hands of the old man.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text is heavily damaged, but the English draft suggests a description of the old man's ascetic practice, focusing on his face and body.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the ascetic body as the site of struggle, consistent with its use in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲉⲛⲧⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲛ̄ ϭⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲉⲩⲗⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛ ϩⲁⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁ︦ϩ︦ⲃ︦ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲧⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'twenty years he spent as a child, and the circuit of his years in the very gold of the fruit' is a scriptural allusion, likely from a wisdom or ascetic text, though the exact source is not identified in the allowed citations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is fragmentary with many lacunae, making the precise sense of the passage uncertain; the English draft is a reconstruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to 'raising of the hands' likely denotes a gesture of prayer or ascetic exertion, common in monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text is heavily damaged; the exact reading of the place name and the actions described are uncertain. The English draft interprets the fragmentary Coptic as describing the old man's ascetic practices and a scriptural quotation."],"confidence":"low","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ⲙ ⲡⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲡⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ\nⲡϩⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉⲧ ⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲏⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲟⲩⲟⲧⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲧⲟⲩⲉⲧ • ⲛ ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ [ϩ]ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁ[ⲛ]ⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲉ\nⲟⲩⲣ︦ϥ︦ϣⲡ̄ ϩⲓⲥⲉ [ⲡ]ⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲏ ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ\n[ⲛ]ϩⲁϩ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ [ⲛ]ϩⲁϩ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲓⲱ[ϩⲁ]ⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲣⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲉ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ [ϫⲉ ⲧⲉϥϩⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉ ϩⲉⲛϣϫⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲙ]ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲉⲃⲉⲓⲉ ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ ⲟⲡ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨| Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡ︦ⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲃⲟ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲧ[ⲃ̄]ⲃⲟ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡ[ⲉⲓ]ⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ • [ϫⲉ] ϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ϩⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲱⲗⲡ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϩⲁ[ϩ] ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲟ[ⲟⲥ] ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲉ • ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲣⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉ[ⲧ ⲉϥ]ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ\n[ⲡⲥⲉ]ⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲉⲓ • ⲟⲩⲛ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁⲓϣⲣ︦ⲡ︦ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲧⲉ [ⲓⲱ]ϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓϫⲉ\nⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁϥϣⲟⲡ︦ⲧ︦ ⲉ ⲣ[ⲟⲓ] ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲙ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲁⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁ[ⲩⲱ] ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓϭⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱ[ⲡⲉ] ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ ϣⲟⲙ︤ⲛ︦ⲧ︥ ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲉⲩⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲡⲁ[ⲣⲁ]ⲅⲉ • ⲙⲏ ⲡⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ[ⲟ] ⲟⲩⲉⲙ ⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲁⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓϭⲱ ⲇⲉ ϩⲁϩ[ⲧϥ̄] ⲁⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ •","english":"...the pattern of the spirit according to the Scriptures. And the silver coin that resembles it is placed upon the prayers that are pure, and the gold coin upon the ascetic practices, according to what is written: \"Blessed are those who are pure in heart, for they shall see God.\" Toil is a gift, and he often keeps vigil many times, and he also eats many times in the refectories, like John the Baptist, whose manner of life was such that his food was wild plants and male herbs... concerning the purity of his heart and the purity of his body, the holy father Apa Seleucius said: \"He often sees many revelations, and whatever he says comes to pass. He sees in his visions like Daniel, who sees into the future.\" Apa Seleucius also said: \"When I came to his door—that is, the one I first spoke of, John—concerning whom I said all these things, he received me with great hospitality, and I found nothing lacking in his place, except that there were only three loaves of bread there, for the strangers who would pass by, lest they say, 'The old man does not eat bread.' When I stayed with him, I entreated him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ (from Greek τύπος) here means 'pattern' or 'model', likely referring to a spiritual exemplar, not a literal image.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ [ϩ]ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁ[ⲛ]ⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"This echoes Matthew 5:8 ('Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God'), a common monastic prooftext.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲱ[ϩⲁ]ⲛⲛⲏⲥ • ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"John the Baptist is invoked as an ascetic model; his diet of wild plants and male herbs (ϩⲉⲛϣϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲉⲓⲉ ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ) reflects the desert tradition of extreme fasting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Seleucius compares the monk's visionary ability to Daniel, a biblical seer, reinforcing the theme of prophetic insight through purity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ ⲟⲡ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is corrupt here; the lacuna obscures the description of John the Baptist's diet. The English draft supplies 'wild plants and male herbs' from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Seleucius is a named authority within the Paphnutius cycle; his sayings here reinforce the link between ascetic purity and visionary gifts, a theme later influential in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has a lacuna after ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲉⲓⲉ ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ, making the exact description of John the Baptist's diet uncertain; the English draft supplies 'wild plants and male herbs' from context.","The phrase ⲡⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ︦ϩ︦ could be read as 'the pattern of the spirit' or 'the type of the spirit', with the latter having typological overtones."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ → “pray”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲉ ⲧⲣ̄\nϥ̄ϯ ϩⲓⲱ[ⲱⲧ] ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ [ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥]ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲧⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨ϫⲓ | ▨▨ⲛⲕⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ\n[ⲡ]ⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓ[ⲟⲥ] ϥⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ • ϩⲗⲟϭ • ϩⲛ̄ [ⲧ]ⲁ ϣⲟⲩⲱⲃⲉ • ⲡϫ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉⲩⲉⲃⲓⲱ ▨ ϩⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲓ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲁⲕϫⲛⲟⲩⲓ ⲡⲁ\n[ϣ]ⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ • ϫⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ[ⲧ]ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲁⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲃⲟⲗ ⁘[ⲁⲩ]ⲱ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲕⲣ̄ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ[ⲑⲉ] ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡ︦ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ [ⲛ̄]ⲛⲉϥⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲡⲉ [ⲡⲉ]ϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ϣⲱⲡⲉ","english":"...to take upon oneself the monastic habit. ...of the monastic life. And he said to me, \"My brother, the decree is written: 'Your words have become sweet in my mouth.' The Lord, more than honey, is in my mouth, since you have asked me, my son, about the teaching: 'Be humble before the outsiders, and be salted with the salt, as the Lord said in the Gospel to his apostles: \"You are the salt of the earth.\"'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓ[ⲟⲥ]","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ (from Greek σέλευσις) likely means 'decree' or 'command', referring to a written monastic rule or instruction. The English draft renders it as 'decree'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲡⲉ [ⲡⲉ]ϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'You are the salt of the earth' is a direct quotation from Matthew 5:13, where Jesus addresses his apostles. The Coptic text explicitly attributes it to the Lord in the Gospel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ is a loan from Greek ἀπόστολος, meaning 'apostle'. It is rendered as 'apostle' in the English draft, consistent with the pinned glossary term.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to being 'salted with the salt' echoes a common monastic metaphor for ascetic discipline, derived from the Gospel saying. The image of salt as preserving and seasoning aligns with early Egyptian monastic teachings on humility and endurance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains lacunae (marked ▨▨▨) in the opening lines, making the exact phrase about taking the monastic habit uncertain. The English draft supplies a plausible reconstruction, but the original wording is partially lost.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ ϥ̄ϯ ϩⲓⲱ[ⲱⲧ] ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ [ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥]ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ is partially reconstructed; the exact verb and object are uncertain. The reading 'to take upon oneself the monastic habit' follows the English draft.","The identity of the speaker ('he said to me') is not specified in this passage; it may be the elder Paphnutius or another monastic figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “apostle”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ⲛⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲣⲁϣ [ⲁⲩ]ⲱ ⲛⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛ[ϫⲟ]ⲉⲓⲥ\nϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϯ[ϫⲟ]ⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲑⲉ\nⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲏ[ⲏⲧ]ⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲱⲛϣ̄ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϭⲉ ⲛⲥⲁⲃⲉ\n[ⲛⲑⲉ] ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲓ ϩⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲓⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲑⲉ • [ⲛ]ⲉⲓ ϭⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⁘ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • [ⲁⲗ]ⲗⲁ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲧⲁⲛϩⲉⲧ\nⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ [ⲛⲛ]ⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲥⲉ[ⲕⲁ]▨▨▨ⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦[ⲇⲁⲓ]ⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ ·▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲣⲡ̄ • ϫⲉ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲧⲛ︦▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲗ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ• ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲕⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲱ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲛⲇⲓⲇⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ\nⲉϥϭⲟⲣϭ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥⲉⲗϩⲏⲙ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛⲛⲉⲓ ⲙⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉϥϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲱⲙ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲣ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲇⲉ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉϥ▨▨ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲛⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲓⲧ ⲉⲩⲙⲁ\nⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲁϥϭⲱ\nϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲟⲩⲱϩ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲧ ϩⲓ ⲡϫⲁⲓⲉ • ⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲓⲛϥⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲛⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲙⲓϣⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲁϣⲉ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲧ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲧ ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲍⲁⲃⲟⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲉⲓ ϣⲁⲣⲟⲓ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ\nϫⲉ ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ\nⲇⲏ • ⲟⲩⲛ̄ • [three lines wanting]| ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲁⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ϩⲏⲡ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛⲉⲑⲏⲡ ⲟⲛ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ •","english":"...joyful and merciful, according to the way our Lord said, \"Behold, I send you forth as sheep among wolves.\" Become wise like these serpents and these crocodiles, like these years. He sent them forth as sheep, but he did not neglect the care of the sheep to walk within it, nor did they set their heart outward because of the thoughts of the demons... in a loosening outward, nor letting the heart outward in eating and drinking and pleasure, for our adversary the devil walks prowling against man, like these lions seeking to devour our souls. For some days near him, he spoke these words to me and to those who were with me. I entreated him to take me to a solitary place. In this way he brought me to this place. He remained near me for some days until he taught me the solitary dwelling in the desert, and he gave me commandments and the raising up of thoughts against demons and the severe struggle. He left me alone until my brother Zaboulon came to me. Then he said to me, \"I entreat you, my father Seleusios, since there is...\" [three lines wanting] The old man answered, saying to me, \"Since you have asked, I will tell you, and nothing is hidden from you. The hidden things are also revealed to you.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϯϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲱⲛϣ̄","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Behold, I send you forth as sheep among wolves' echoes Jesus’ commissioning of the apostles (cf. Matt 10:16, Luke 10:3), though the Coptic wording is a free paraphrase. The metaphor of sheep among wolves is common in monastic literature for the dangers of the world.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (from Greek διάβολος) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary. Here it is explicitly called 'our adversary' (ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲛⲇⲓⲇⲓⲕⲟⲥ), a term that reinforces the adversarial role in monastic combat.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'thoughts of the demons' (ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ) and the 'raising up of thoughts against demons' reflect the Evagrian tradition of logismoi, where the monk must discern and combat demonic thoughts in the desert. This is a standard theme in the Paphnutius cycle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a direct quotation of the elder’s teaching (with scriptural allusion) to a narrative of the disciple’s entreaty and the elder’s instruction, then to a lacuna and a resumption of dialogue. The three-line gap (marked in the edition) disrupts the transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains several lacunae: after ⲛⲥⲉⲕⲁ▨▨▨ⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ, a long gap of about 11 characters, and a three-line gap after ⲟⲩⲛ̄. The English draft fills these with conjectural phrases ('in a loosening outward', 'since there is...'), but the exact sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲍⲁⲃⲟⲩⲗⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The name Zaboulon (Zebulun) is a biblical name (one of the twelve tribes), but here it appears as a personal name for a monk. This reflects the common practice in Coptic monastic literature of adopting Old Testament names, possibly to evoke a typological or spiritual lineage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲱⲛϣ̄ is a clear scriptural echo but not a verbatim citation; the exact source is uncertain.","The lacunae after ⲛⲥⲉⲕⲁ▨▨▨ⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ and the three-line gap make the precise sequence of the elder’s teaching and the disciple’s response uncertain. The reading 'in a loosening outward' is a conjecture.","The identity of 'my brother Zaboulon' is not further explained; he may be a fellow disciple or a relative, but the text does not clarify."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ϩⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲡⲉⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϭⲱⲗⲡ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ\nⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲥⲛ̄ⲧ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ : ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲁⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ • ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲁⲓϭⲓⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲩⲅⲏ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓϫⲛ̄","english":"...near men. The Holy Spirit revealed them to you openly. I said to him, \"Do me the kindness, my father, do not hide your servant.\" He answered, saying to me, \"Since you have asked, I will tell you.\" He said, \"I once went into the inner desert, for two days' journey. I found some small palm trees, with a spring of water and some dates around them. I sat upon...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē) here carries the sense of a charitable act or kindness, not the liturgical meal. The request 'do me the kindness' reflects a monastic idiom of asking for spiritual favor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Holy Spirit' (ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ) is a standard Coptic designation for the third person of the Trinity, used here to indicate divine revelation of the monks' hidden virtues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲓϩⲟⲩⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'inner desert' (ⲧⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲓϩⲟⲩⲛ) refers to the more remote regions of the Egyptian desert, beyond the settled monastic communities, where anchorites sought extreme solitude.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ... ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a dialogue: the narrator's request ('I said to him') is followed by the elder's response ('He answered'). This conversational frame is typical of the genre of monastic apophthegmata.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'some small palm trees' (ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ) is ambiguous: ⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ may denote date palms or another desert palm species. The Coptic text does not specify the type, but the context of dates (ⲉⲛⲧⲏϭ) supports the reading as date palms.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ could be read as 'some small palm trees' or 'some small date palms'; the latter is supported by the mention of dates. The phrase ⲉⲃⲟⲗ in the first line may be adverbial ('openly') or part of a compound verb; the translation takes it as adverbial."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ → “love”. Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ carries more than one sense (charity, agape (the meal)); this passage takes it as “love”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲧⲡⲩⲅⲏ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉⲓϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉⲓϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ [ⲁ]ⲣⲁ • ⲟⲩⲛⲥⲟⲛ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ ϫⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲟⲥⲟⲛ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲓⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ⲁⲓϭⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ [ⲁⲓ]ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣ̄ⲱⲙⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n[ⲙ]ⲟⲩⲧ[ⲉ] ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ [one line wanting] | ϩⲉⲛⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲥⲱ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ\nⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁϭⲱ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲩ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ\nⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲁⲓⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲍⲁⲃⲟⲩⲗ[ⲱⲛ] ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲓⲉϣϭⲱ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲟⲗ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ\nϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲣⲟ • ⲟⲩⲏⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ϩ︤ⲙ︥\n▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲡ︦ⲛ︦︦ⲁ︦ • ⲉϯⲧⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁ\nⲥⲟⲛ ⁘ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲓⲧⲱϭⲉ • ⲁⲡⲱⲗⲗⲱ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲁⲩⲝⲁⲛⲉ • ⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲉⲙ ⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣⲁⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉ ⲛⲣ︦ⲙ︦ ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲛ ⲁϣ\nⲛ̄ ϩⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ϩⲉⲛⲣⲙ̄ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ • ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲉⲛ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛⲟⲛϣⲃⲏⲣ\nⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲙⲙⲏⲏⲛⲉ • ⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲛⲱⲥⲓⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲉ ⲓⲱⲧ • ⲏ ⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ | ⲛϥ︦ⲙ︦ⲡϣⲁ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲛϥ[ⲛ]ⲁϥⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲁϩ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲥⲱⲓ\nⲛϥ̄ⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛ •","english":"...the spring to rest myself a little, being in the hardship of the roads, saying to myself, \"Is there a brother in this place?\" But as I was thinking in this way, I looked and saw men... God... [one line missing] ...some dates, and they brought a little water for me to drink. But I wished to stay with them in that place. However, I thought of my brother Zaboulon, that he could not stay outside, according to what the apostle says: \"When a great door is open to me...\" ...I did not rest in my spirit, I said, \"My brother.\" And also, \"I have planted, Apollon is the one who planted, God is the one who made it grow.\" I said to them, \"How did you come to this place, and what do you eat, and what are your names, and from what city are you, and how do you gather in this place?\" Then he said, \"We are city-dwellers from Syene. We have lived with one heart since we were in the world, being friends with each other. We used to go to church together, always, evening and morning, listening to the holy scriptures, which they read, and the readings from the gospel. For the one who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and the one who does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ (apostle) here refers to Paul, whose words are cited loosely; the phrase 'when a great door is open to me' is not a direct biblical quotation but a paraphrase of a Pauline theme (cf. 2 Cor 2:12 or Acts 14:27).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲛϥ[ⲛ]ⲁϥⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The saying 'the one who does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me' echoes Matt 10:38 (or a variant in the Gospel of Thomas, logion 55), but the Coptic phrasing is adapted to the monastic context, emphasizing renunciation of family.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Syene (modern Aswan) was a frontier town in Upper Egypt, known for its Jewish and early Christian communities; the mention of city-dwellers from Syene living as hermits in the inner desert reflects the historical migration of urban ascetics into the wilderness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from first-person narration (the elder's account) to direct dialogue, with the elder quoting the apostle and then the gospel; this layered speech is typical of the 'sayings' genre embedded in the narrative framework.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna of about one line after ⲣ̄ⲱⲙⲉ (men) and before ϩⲉⲛⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ (dates), and the phrase ⲙⲟⲩⲧ[ⲉ] (God) is partially reconstructed; the English draft fills the gap with 'God' but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of the 'great door' and the cross-bearing saying were later cited in Coptic monastic rules (e.g., the Ethiopic anonymous prohibitions for monks) as proof-texts for renunciation of family and worldly ties.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲣ̄ⲱⲙⲉ makes it unclear whether the elder saw 'men' or 'holy men' or something else; the reconstruction ⲙⲟⲩⲧ[ⲉ] (God) is plausible but not certain.","The phrase 'when a great door is open to me' is not a verbatim biblical citation; its source is ambiguous, possibly a paraphrase of Paul or a lost apocryphon.","The identity of 'Apollon' (ⲁⲡⲱⲗⲗⲱ) is unclear—whether a fellow monk, a biblical figure, or a symbolic name is not specified."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ\nϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲱⲛ︤ϩ︥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲓ︤ⲥ︥\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲉ • [ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥ]ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ϥⲛⲁⲥⲟⲣⲙⲉⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧ [ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲣ]ⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ • ϥⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ\nⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϯϩⲏⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛϥ̄ϯⲟⲥⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲏ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ","english":"And we, when we heard these words, living ones coming forth from the mouth of our Lord Jesus Christ, our Savior, the Lover of men, and those who stand up to him, which are these: \"He who loves his soul will save it, and he who saves his soul for himself will find it.\" And again: \"If a man gives away the whole world but does not labor for his soul, what is it that a man will give?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ψυχή appears twice in this passage, rendered as 'soul' per the pinned glossary. The context contrasts care for the soul with worldly possessions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ϥⲛⲁⲥⲟⲣⲙⲉⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲣⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ • ϥⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"This saying attributed to Christ is not a direct biblical quotation but echoes themes of self-care and salvation found in the Gospels, e.g., Matthew 10:28 or Luke 12:47.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Lover of men' (ⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ) is a standard epithet for Christ in Coptic monastic literature, emphasizing philanthropy as a divine attribute.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (the speaker's journey) to a direct quotation of Christ's words, introduced by 'these words, living ones coming forth from the mouth of our Lord Jesus Christ'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna after ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲉ •, with [ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥ]ⲯⲩⲭⲏ supplied by the editor. The English draft renders the second clause as 'he who saves his soul for himself will find it', but the Coptic ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ may mean 'for his sake' or 'for himself'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ could be read as 'for his sake' or 'for himself', affecting the sense of self-interest in salvation.","The lacuna after ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲉ • leaves the object of love uncertain; the supplied [ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥ]ⲯⲩⲭⲏ is a plausible restoration but not certain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ϣⲃ̄ⲃⲓⲱ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲣ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲗⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲃⲓⲱ̄ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲙⲟⲗ︦ϩ︦ • ⲁⲛⲥⲩⲛⲧⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲧⲣ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲛϭⲱ ⲙⲉⲛ • ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲛϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲡⲓⲣⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲁⲓⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲉϥⲧⲱⲃⲥ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲕⲁ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧ\n[ϣ]ⲁⲁⲧ • ⲁⲛϫⲓ • ⲛϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ | ⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥\nⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟ • ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ\nⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲙ[ⲁ] ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲟϩ • ⲁⲛⲁⲩⲱϩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲩ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲉⲧ [ⲙ̄]ⲙⲁⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁ • ⲉ[ⲩ]ϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉ ⲍⲁⲭⲁ[ⲓⲟⲥ] ⲉ ⲁϥⲱⲥ︦ⲕ︦ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲩⲁⲥⲕ[ⲏ]ⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ [ⲉⲩ]ⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ [ⲛⲉ] ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ\nⲥⲁⲣⲁⲡⲁⲙ[ⲱⲛ] ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲑⲁⲓ[ⲟⲥ] ⲉ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲁⲑⲗⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣϥ̄ϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲍⲁⲭⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ[ⲓⲙ] ⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲡⲁⲙⲱⲛ • [ⲇⲉ] ⲁϥϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧ[ⲉ] • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ\nⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲉϥϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲉ ⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲟⲡϥ̄ •","english":"the salvation of his soul. And we, when we heard these words, we became of one heart with one another. The word of God increased in us more than the bread and the salt. We made an agreement with one another on a certain day to go out from the city. We remained for some days saying to one another, \"Perhaps it is demons that are testing us.\" But when we perceived the good thought that was urging us not to let go of our hands, we hastened to do more than was in our power. We took a little bread and went out from the city. We boarded a small boat and came to the mountain, to the place called the Peak. We dwelt with some holy brothers who were in that place, because there is a great abundance of virtues there according to God. We met a holy old man whose name was Zachaios, who had grown old in the anchoritic life, an ascetic indeed. There were also two other brothers dwelling with him, his disciples. The name of one of them was Sarapamon, and the name of the other was Matthaios. They had come into a great struggle and had received grace, listening to the old man Apa Zachaios in whatever things he would say to them. Sarapamon, however, prepared for him a love-feast, which is this: when a man comes seeking the work of the hand, to make it for him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἀγάπη here denotes the liturgical love-feast, a communal meal associated with the Eucharist, not merely 'love'. The context of Sarapamon preparing it for Apa Zachaios confirms this technical sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ψυχή is rendered 'soul' in the English draft, but in the phrase 'salvation of his soul' it carries the Christian sense of the immortal soul, distinct from 'life' (the living person).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ϩⲙⲟⲧ means 'grace' as unearned divine favour. In the phrase 'received grace', it refers to the spiritual gift bestowed on Sarapamon and Matthaios through their ascetic struggle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲟⲟϩ","severity":"info","text":"The place called 'the Peak' (ⲡⲕⲟⲟϩ) is likely a monastic site in the Egyptian desert, possibly near Scetis or Nitria, known for anchoritic communities. The term 'mountain' (ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ) is conventional for desert monastic settlements.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage transitions from the monks' internal deliberation (testing by demons) to their decisive action (leaving the city, boarding a boat, meeting the holy man). The narrative structure mirrors a conversion or call narrative common in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲡⲁⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The name 'Sarapamon' is a variant of 'Serapamon' or 'Sarapammon', common in Coptic monastic texts. The Coptic spelling here (ⲥⲁⲣⲁⲡⲁⲙⲱⲛ) may reflect a scribal or dialectal form; the English draft normalizes it without comment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'the word of God increased in us more than the bread and the salt' is ambiguous: it may mean that spiritual nourishment surpassed physical sustenance, or that the monks' understanding of scripture grew beyond their simple diet.","The identity of 'the good thought' (ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ) is unclear: it could be divine inspiration or a rational decision, not necessarily a personified agent."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “disciple”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ → “grace”. The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."}]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • [ⲁϥ]ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁϥ • ϩ[ⲱⲃ] [ⲛ̄ϭⲓ]ϫ • ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ⲉⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲁⲓ • [ⲛⲧⲁϯ] ⲧⲉϥϯⲙⲏ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲉϣ[ⲁϥ]▨▨[ϩⲱⲃ] ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇ[ⲁⲍⲉ]▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ▨▨ | ⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ϫⲉ\nϣⲁϥϫⲓⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲛ̄ ϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ ϣⲁϥϯ ⲡⲱϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉϥⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ\nⲙ ⲡⲟⲥⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ̄ • ⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲥⲱϣ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ\nⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ • ⲁϥϭⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲁⲑ[ⲑ]ⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲁϥϫⲡⲟ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲡⲟⲗⲩ[ⲧ]ⲁ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲉϥⲡⲓⲑⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥ[ϣ]ⲁϫⲉ • ⲉⲑⲏ ϩⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ▨▨ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϫⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲉⲩⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ [ⲛⲉ]ⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ\n[ⲛⲅ̄]ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϯϩⲉ • ⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲓ • ⲁⲛ [ⲕⲁⲓ] ⲡⲉⲣ\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲥⲁϩ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲓⲇⲉⲩⲉ [ⲙⲙ]ⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ[ⲁⲁⲃ] • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ\nⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ • ⲡⲁⲱ̄ⲛⲉ :[ⲡϩ]ⲗ̄ⲗⲟ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲣ︦ⲡ︦ ϣⲁ[ϫⲉ] ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲍⲁⲭⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • [ⲡⲉⲛ]ⲧ ⲁϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲧϭⲓⲛⲟⲩⲱϩ • ϩⲓ ⲡ[ϫⲁⲓⲉ] • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϯ • ϩⲓⲱⲱⲛ\n[ⲡⲉ]ⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ [ⲡⲉϩ]ⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • ⲉⲣϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ[ⲧⲏ ⲛ]ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ\nⲡϫⲁⲓⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ[ⲟⲩⲥⲡⲟⲩ]ⲇⲁⲍⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁϥϯ▨▨▨• ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲥⲕⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲥϫⲁϫⲱ • ▨▨▨▨▨ⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄▨▨▨ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲯⲩⲭ[ⲏ] • ▨▨▨▨|\n▨ⲁϥⲉⲓ [ⲉ] ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲁ • ⲛⲧ▨▨▨ⲉϥϫⲁϫⲱ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲣ •","english":"...from his hand. He would go around to the brothers of the first [group]. He said to them, \"He who has a handiwork there, let him bring it to me. I gave him his price.\" And he would [work] handiwork, diligently... handiwork... He would come to his door knowing that he would take it by force, he would give his own to him. But he loved the multitude more than the empty, and the abundance more than the honor. He remained in the agape until the day of his completion, to the end. Matthew also, he begot this polity. For he would not persuade ever, by his word, in any word. And if someone asked him about a reading in the Scriptures, he would answer him in this way: \"I will leave it to the end, in the manner of the mind.\" For he is not a great scribe who was educated in the writings of the holy Scriptures. And in this way he rested for sixty days of the month Paone. The old man also, of whom we first spoke, that is Apa Zachaios, it is he who taught us to dwell in the desert, and it is he who gave us the schema of the monastic life. And the old man, when he spoke with us about the virtues of the holy ones who are in the desert, those who are diligent not to see men, he gave... an asceticism that is harsh... and his hands to us... our souls... He came down into the polity of... harsh... and also...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agape) here refers to the liturgical meal or common fellowship of the monks, not simply 'love'. The passage states he remained in the agape until his death, indicating a communal practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is used for the monastic father Zachaios, distinguishing him from a biological father. It is a standard honorific in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The 'polity' (ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲁ) refers to the monastic way of life or discipline, a common term in early Egyptian monasticism for the structured ascetic regimen.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general description of a monk's practice to specific figures: Matthew, who begot this polity, and Apa Zachaios, who taught the narrator to dwell in the desert and gave the monastic schema.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily lacunose, with multiple gaps marked by ▨. The English draft supplies conjectural readings (e.g., 'handiwork', 'diligently') that are uncertain. The phrase 'he would take it by force' may be misconstrued due to missing context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'sixty days of the month Paone' situates the narrative in the Coptic calendar (Paone corresponds to June-July), providing a temporal anchor for the monastic practice described.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the old man' who first spoke is ambiguous; the text identifies him as Apa Zachaios, but the preceding reference to 'the old man' may be a different figure.","The phrase 'he would take it by force' is unclear due to lacunae; it may refer to a practice of redistributing goods among the brothers.","The Coptic text breaks off at the end, leaving the conclusion of the sentence uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲉϥϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲛ︦[ⲧ︦ϩⲗ̄]ⲗⲟ • ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲡⲉϥϫⲡⲟ ⲉϥⲡⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ ⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲭⲓⲁ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϫⲓ ϩⲣⲁϥ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉϥⲙⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲡⲥⲱⲃⲉ • ⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲁ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲁⲛϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲕⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϣϣⲉ ⲉⲣ ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕϯⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲕⲁ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲉϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲏⲃⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲱⲡⲟⲩ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ • ⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ϣϣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲕⲱ ϩⲁⲉⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤︦ⲧ︦] ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲛⲉ • ⲧⲉⲩϭⲓⲛⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟ[ⲗ] ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲡ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ\nⲧⲁⲡⲟⲫⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄\nϩⲁⲡ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲕⲁⲓ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϥⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ ⲥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • ϣⲁϥⲧϥ̄ϭⲱⲧⲡ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲙⲁⲗⲏⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ","english":"...he was in this old age. He was a virgin from his birth, fleeing from every craft of women and every pleasure, weeping more than laughing. He did not cease from weeping day and night. We said to him one day, “My father, why do you weep in this manner?” He said, “It is fitting for every renunciant not to cease day and night, weeping over his sins, as it is written: ‘Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.’ When this saying reaches you, you will find rest from your labors. For it is fitting for every man to set before himself these three things: the departure from the body, the remembrance of the sentence that will bring us to the day of the great and fearful judgment. For we also hear concerning the great Moses that when he lifted up his two hands, he prevailed over Amalek. And again, that...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (Greek παρθένος) is rendered 'virgin' per the glossary. In this ascetic context it denotes lifelong sexual abstinence, not merely youth or marital status.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (Greek σῶμα) is rendered 'body' per the glossary. Here it appears in the phrase 'departure from the body' (ⲧⲉⲩϭⲓⲛⲉⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲙⲁ), referring to death as the soul's release, a standard ascetic topos.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲏⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic 'Blessed are those who mourn' echoes a beatitude not found verbatim in the canonical Gospels but common in monastic literature, possibly derived from the Psalms or apocryphal sayings. The citation is introduced by ⲛⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ ('as it is written').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Moses lifting his hands to prevail over Amalek (ⲁⲙⲁⲗⲏⲕ) alludes to Exodus 17:8–16, where Moses' upraised hands during battle secured Israel's victory. This typology is used here to illustrate the power of prayerful weeping.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ⲛϩⲱⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The 'three things' (ⲡⲉϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ⲛϩⲱⲃ) structure the monk's meditation: departure from the body, remembrance of judgment, and the great fearful sentence. This triadic pattern is a common mnemonic in Coptic ascetic instruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕϯⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕϯⲕⲟⲥ (Greek ἀποτακτικός) is rendered 'renunciant' in the English draft. The term is technical in Egyptian monasticism for a monk who has formally renounced worldly possessions, but the Coptic text may be corrupt here; the reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉϥϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ is ambiguous: it may mean 'he was in this old age' (as translated) or 'he was with this old woman' if ⲧⲉⲓ is taken as a demonstrative pronoun. The context of virginity and weeping favors the former reading.","The Coptic ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ is ambiguous: it could mean 'women' or 'wives'; the translation 'women' is adopted based on the ascetic context of fleeing pleasure.","The passage breaks off mid-sentence after ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ, leaving the second example from Moses incomplete."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ϩ︤ⲙ︥ⲡⲧⲣϥ̄ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ϣⲁϥϭⲱⲧⲡ︥ | ▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲛϥ̄ϭⲙ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲙⲁⲗⲏⲕ • ⲁⲥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϥⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲧϭⲓϫ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲱⲣ • ϩⲱⲱϥ • ϩⲁ\nⲧⲉϥϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲙⲟⲛⲓⲁ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ϩⲁ\nⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ϣⲁϥϭⲱⲧ︦ⲡ︦ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲙⲁⲗⲏⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ ϥⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉϥⲛⲁϥⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲧⲩⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ϣⲁϥϭⲱⲧ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϫⲁϫⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲙ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϭⲱⲧ︦ⲡ︦ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲙⲁⲗⲏⲕ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡϥⲓ • ⲉ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲙⲉⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲙⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲩⲫⲣⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲓⲉⲗ︦ⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁⲩ • ϩⲓ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲡⲉϣ ⲧⲁ ϭⲟⲟⲩⲛⲉ • ⲁⲕⲙⲟⲣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲡⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲱⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϣⲣ︦ⲡ︦ ⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ [ⲡⲡⲁ]|ⲣⲁⲇⲉⲓⲥⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙⲙⲁ̄ ⲛ̄ ϣ[ⲁ ⲙ̄] ⲡⲉⲃⲁⲗ • ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲁⲁϫ[ⲉ] ⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡ[ϩⲏⲧ] ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱ[ⲧⲟⲩ] ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲙⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲱⲣ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲕ[ⲣⲓ]ⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡ︦ϥ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦ •","english":"...he was in this old age. He was a virgin from his birth, fleeing from every craft of women and every pleasure, weeping more than laughing. He did not cease from weeping day and night. We said to him one day, “My father\n\nWhen he went down, he would stretch out his hands. He could not prevail, namely Amalek. For the holy Scripture says, “Aaron would raise his hands, on the right hand of Moses, and he himself, on his left.” And in this way, when they rose up together, in one accord, under his hands, Amalek would stretch out. The holy writer also said, “And Aaron would raise his hands until the evening,” which is the entire day of the man. This is the manner of these men: he will raise his hands, in the type of the cross of Christ, and he will stretch out all his enemies, in the manner of Moses, who stretched out Amalek by the raising of his hands. Aaron, on the one hand, the Scripture brings him concerning places of rest which are in the heavens and the joy which is in Jerusalem of heaven and the throne and the vestments which will be given to the saints, according to what is written: “You have prepared my bed, you have bound me with joy.” And also, he will be worthy of the communion with the firstborn, which is written in the heavens and in Paradise, which is in places until the eye can see them, the ear hear them, not ascending upon the heart of men. These God prepared for those who love him. But he himself, the Scripture brings him concerning judgments and the judgment of those who do not sleep.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard term for God in Christian texts, as here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The passage echoes Exodus 17:8–13, where Aaron and Moses hold up Moses’ hands against Amalek, though the Coptic text adapts the imagery.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲁⲗⲏⲕ","severity":"info","text":"Amalek is a biblical figure (Exodus 17) representing the enemy of Israel; here it is allegorized as a demonic or spiritual adversary overcome by the monk’s prayer posture.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲱⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The text contrasts Aaron (type of rest and heavenly reward) with Moses (type of judgment), using a binary typological structure common in monastic exegesis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to the cross (ⲡⲉⲥ⳨ⲟⲥ) as a type for the monk’s raised hands reflects later monastic piety, possibly influenced by Evagrian or Shenoutean traditions.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged at the end; the phrase 'judgment of those who do not sleep' is uncertain and may be a scribal corruption or a reference to an eschatological motif.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡ︦ϥ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦' is partially illegible; the reading 'judgment of those who do not sleep' is conjectural.","The identity of 'ⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ' (the holy writer) is not specified; it may refer to a biblical author or a monastic authority."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ → “heaven”. The abode of God in these texts; 'sky' only in strictly cosmological passages, which are rare here."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲧⲡⲉ","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ carries more than one sense (sky); this passage takes it as “heaven”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ⲙⲛ̄▨▨ⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϭⲟϩϭⲉϩ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃ[ϩⲉ] • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϣⲱⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩ︦ⲧ︦ • [ⲡ]ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲕ • ⲉⲧ ϯ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉⲣϣ[ⲁⲛ] ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲕⲁ ⲡⲉⲣ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϩ[ⲛ̄] ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲗⲏ[ⲗ] • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲡⲱϩ ϣⲁ\nⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟ[ⲛⲟⲥ] ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧⲉ[ϥⲛⲁ]ⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁ[ϣⲱ]ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ [ⲛ̄] ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϭⲙ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩ[ⲱ] ϥⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϥϭⲱⲧ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙ","english":"...he was in this old age. He was a virgin from his birth, fleeing from every craft of women and every pleasure, weeping more than laughing. He did not cease from weeping day and night. We said to him one day, “My father\n\n...with weeping, with the dust of ashes, with the darkness outside, with the abyss of the deep, and the river of fire, which draws and gives great fear. For if anyone removes the thought of these from his heart at the time when he is about to pray, his supplication reaches the throne of God. And whatever things he asks of God, they will be for him according to what is written: “The supplication of the righteous has great power, and it is effective, and it pierces...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'with weeping, with the dust of ashes' continues the ascetic theme of the previous passage, where the monk wept day and night.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is rendered 'God' in Christian Coptic texts, as here in 'throne of God'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ [ⲛ̄] ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the supplication of the righteous has great power' echoes a biblical sentiment, possibly from Proverbs 15:29 or similar wisdom literature, though no exact verse is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The 'river of fire' is a common motif in Coptic monastic literature, evoking apocalyptic imagery (e.g., Apocalypse of Paul) to inspire fear and repentance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit that shifts from the monk's weeping to a didactic statement about prayer, using a conditional clause ('if anyone removes...').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲛ̄▨▨ⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna at the start (ⲙⲛ̄▨▨ⲁ), likely 'with weeping' as in the English draft, but the exact word is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The opening lacuna (ⲙⲛ̄▨▨ⲁ) is reconstructed as 'with weeping' based on context, but the exact Coptic word is missing.","The phrase 'ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ [ⲛ̄] ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ' may be a loose quotation; the source is not identified in the allowed keys."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ⲡⲁ[ⲙⲁ]ⲗⲏⲕ • ⲉⲧ ⲑⲏⲡ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲓⲁ • [ⲁⲩ]ⲱ • ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ⲧ[ⲃⲏ]ⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲡⲣ[ⲁϣⲉ] ⲙⲉⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄\nⲡ̄ⲙⲉ[ⲉⲩⲉ] ⲛⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲛⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲙ[ⲉⲉⲩⲉ] ⲛ ⲛⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄\nⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • | [ⲱ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲛ]ⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϣϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ [ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲉ ⲕ]ⲱ ϩⲁⲉⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ [ⲙ] ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϩⲓⲥⲉ ⁘ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ\nⲛ ⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉ[ⲣ ⲛ̄ⲥ]ⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲟ︦ [ⲉⲧ ⲟ]ⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲍⲁⲭⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩϩ [ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁ]ϣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲛ • ⲛⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡ[ⲛⲁ] ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϫⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄[ϣⲱⲡ]ⲉ • ⲉⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄[ϩⲏ]ⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ\nⲁϥϯ • ⲛⲁⲛ [ⲛ̄] ⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁϥ[ⲙⲟⲟ]ϣⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ (sic) • ϣⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲛⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ [ϩⲟⲩ]ⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲙⲁ • ⲁϥϭⲱ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ • ⲛ̄ [ϩⲛ̄]ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲓ • ⲛ ⲧϭⲓⲛ[ⲟⲩ]ⲱϩ • ϩⲓ ⲡϫⲁⲓⲉ • ⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ̄ [ϩⲛ̄]ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲉⲩϭⲙ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲟⲩ[ϣⲏ] ⲛⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩϭⲓⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ [ⲟⲩϭ]ⲓⲛⲥⲱ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱϣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲥⲁ[ⲃⲟⲛ] ⲉⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ • ⸤ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲍⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲙⲟⲧ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲏϩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟ[ⲗⲟⲥ] ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲓϣⲉ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲛⲁⲛ [ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩ]ⲃⲉ ⲥⲛⲟϥ • ϩⲓ ⲥⲁⲣ︦ⲝ︦ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏ\nⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲟⲩⲃⲉ | ⲛⲉⲡⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ •","english":"...the angel who is hidden, and his energies, and the two things, his prayer concerning them, the joy and the weeping. The joy, indeed, concerning the weeping and the remembrance of the rest that is in the heavens. The weeping, however, itself concerning the remembrance of the punishments that are in hell. O my brothers, my children, it is fitting for every man to set before themselves the remembrance of these two things: the rest and the labors. For the labors have a small portion of rest, but these, when we heard them from the mouth of the holy old man, Apa Zachaios, we were filled with joy and we said to him, “Have mercy on us, take us to a place of dwelling that you know, where we will be saved.” And in this way he gave us two loaves of bread and two books, and he walked with us until he brought us into this place. He stayed with us for a few days until we learned the manner of dwelling in the desert, when he gave us commandments that have power, and some rules of vigils, and a manner of eating and a manner of drinking in moderation, and he taught us how the demons tempt men in many ways, according to the way that is written in the Apostle: “Our struggle is not against blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the spiritual powers of evil.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲍⲁⲭⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Zachaios is a monastic father; the title 'Apa' is retained as a fixed form of address to avoid confusion with the biological sense of 'father'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage quotes or alludes to a Pauline statement about spiritual struggle, likely Ephesians 6:12, though the exact wording differs; the Coptic reads 'our struggle is not against blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the spiritual powers of evil'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of demons tempting men in many ways reflects a common monastic theme of spiritual warfare, often detailed in desert literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲓⲙⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts joy and weeping as two things to be remembered, linking joy to heavenly rest and weeping to hellish punishments, a binary structure typical of monastic exhortation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁ[ⲙⲁ]ⲗⲏⲕ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic 'ⲡⲁ[ⲙⲁ]ⲗⲏⲕ' is partially reconstructed; the reading 'angel' is plausible but the lacuna leaves uncertainty about the exact term.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲁ[ⲙⲁ]ⲗⲏⲕ' is partially restored; the intended word may be 'angel' or another term.","The quotation from 'the Apostle' is not verbatim from known Pauline epistles; it may be a paraphrase or a variant tradition."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ⲙ[ⲡⲏⲩⲉ] ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲙⲓϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲉⲩⲕⲏ ⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲱⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ\nⲉⲛⲉⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲟⲩⲉ\nⲛ ⲑ︦ⲱ︦ⲑ︦ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛϭⲱ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ\nⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲱ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲃ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ϩⲙ̄","english":"...which is under the heavens, the demons indeed fight with each other, they lie prostrate at night. And he informed me about some cells, so that if some brothers come to my door, I should not receive them there. And this is the manner in which he went out from us: he rested on the fifth of the month of Thoth. We, however, remained in this place until today, O our holy father, while the nourishment is provided for us from these dates. And if we go out to the mountain that is outside, we gather with the brothers in the...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic plural ⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ (from Greek δαίμονες) is here rendered 'demons'. In monastic literature, these are not merely evil spirits but often represent the internal temptations and spiritual struggles of the ascetic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲉⲛⲕⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The word ϩⲉⲛⲕⲱⲧ (plural of ⲕⲱⲧ) is translated 'cells'. In the Coptic monastic context, it refers to the small, isolated dwellings of anchorites, not merely rooms.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ ⲑ︦ⲱ︦ⲑ︦","severity":"info","text":"The date 'the fifth of the month of Thoth' corresponds to 2 September in the Julian calendar. This is the first day of the Coptic year, marking the departure of the elder.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲓ ⲃ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲛⲉⲓ ⲃ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲉ (these dates) refers to the fruit of the date palm, a staple food for desert monks in Egypt. The reliance on dates underscores the ascetic simplicity of the monastic diet.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative of the elder's departure and transitions to the present situation of the narrator and his community, marked by the temporal shift 'until today'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ⲙ[ⲡⲏⲩⲉ] is partially reconstructed; the reading 'which is under the heavens' is assumed. The phrase ⲉⲩⲕⲏ ⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ is ambiguous: it may mean 'they lie prostrate' or 'they are cast down'.","The clause ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ could be read as 'if some brothers come to my door' or 'if some brothers come to our door'; the first person singular is assumed from context."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ϣⲗⲏⲗ\nⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲓⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉ ⲁⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲉ\nⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ • ⲡϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉ ϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲉϥϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϣⲓⲛⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥ[ⲛⲁⲩ] • ⲁⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲉⲛ • ⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ ϫⲟⲩⲱⲧ | [ⲡⲁⲩⲗ]ⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ • ϩⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ ϣⲟⲙ̄ⲛⲧ • ⲙ\nⲡⲁⲟⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲟⲛ ⲃⲁⲛⲟⲩⲫⲓⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲧⲟⲙⲥⲟⲩ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ ⁘ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲓ ⲡϫⲁⲓⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲣ̄\nⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϫⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲟⲟϥ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲟ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ • ⲡⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣ ⲁ ⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲓⲟⲥ\nϩⲁ ⲑⲏ • ⲙⲡⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲣ̄ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏⲥ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲏⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲉⲩⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϯ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲉⲗⲉⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ •","english":"The Sabbath and the Lord's Day. Behold, I have informed you about the renunciation for yourself as well. Do me the kindness of praying for us, O our holy father. As for me, I came out from them and settled in my dwelling place. The name of one of them was Anianos, and the name of the other was Paulos. After a few days we heard from a brother who used to go to them many times, seeking his inquiry, that they had given rest to their companion. Anianos on the seventh day, and Paulos on the third of the month. When our brother Banouphiel heard, he went and brought their bodies and buried them near him. Behold, these then I have sent to you, my brother, my spiritual father, concerning those who dwell in the desert, concerning those whom I saw and those of whom I heard, and the remembrance of the fathers who came down through them and their completion. There is one who will speak concerning the holy elder Apa Isaac, my father of good memory, who began the beginning of his life under the elder who was not yet a monk in this place, who dwells in the island which is in the middle of the cataract of the south. There is not four million to him, for he himself was a disciple under the feet of the holy elder Apa Haron, and he gave water into his hands like the great Elisha at the hand of the prophet Elijah.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἀγάπη here likely refers to the liturgical meal (agape) rather than abstract love, as the request 'do me the kindness' (ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ) is a formulaic request for prayer or a charitable act.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'prophet' (ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ) is used for Elijah, aligning with biblical tradition; in Coptic monastic literature, it may also denote a charismatic or prophetic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲗⲉⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Elisha receiving water from Elijah (2 Kings 2:9-14) is a typological parallel for the disciple-master relationship between Apa Isaac and Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'cataract' (ⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ) refers to a Nile cataract, likely the First Cataract near Aswan, a known location for monastic settlements in Upper Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'The Sabbath and the Lord's Day' marks a temporal frame, possibly indicating the days when the narrative events or liturgical commemoration occur.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲏⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'there is not four million to him' is obscure; it may be a textual corruption or a hyperbolic expression of distance or value; the Coptic is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲏⲗⲓⲟⲛ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'not four million' (perhaps a distance or a number of disciples) or be a scribal error. The reading taken is that it is a textual crux.","The identity of 'our brother Banouphiel' is unclear; he may be a local monk or a messenger."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “prophet”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ • ⲉⲩϣⲟⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ\nⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲓⲥ︦ⲡ︦ⲥⲡ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ | [ⲡⲥ]ⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ▨▨▨ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣ ⲡⲙ̄ⲡϣⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲙⲟ[ⲩ]▨\n▨[ⲧⲁ]ⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲛⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲡϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ • ⲛⲉⲩⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲱⲛⲉ • ⲣⲏⲧ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"A true man, perfect in many virtues, they were mocking one another. When I heard, there is blessedness in this man of this kind. I entreated my father Seleucius, saying to him... until his mouth, that I might be worthy of his blessing.\n\nThis is the way we prayed in his dwelling place. We came out, we embarked in a small boat, we sailed south to go to the holy elder, Apa Isaac. There were great stones, however, thrown in the water.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is retained as a monastic honorific, distinct from 'father' in the biological sense. 'Apa Isaac' is a holy elder, consistent with the work's use of the title for revered monks.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'a true man, perfect in many virtues' describes an ideal ascetic, likely the holy elder Apa Isaac, though the Coptic syntax is ambiguous and may refer to a preceding figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩϣⲟⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The clause 'they were mocking one another' is abrupt and may be a scribal misplacement or lacuna; the subject is unclear, possibly referring to the monks Anianos and Paulos mentioned in the previous passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The narrative shifts from prayer to travel: 'We came out, we embarked in a small boat, we sailed south.' This marks a new episode, typical of the work's episodic structure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Sailing 'south' (ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ) on the Nile is upstream, against the current, indicating a journey from Lower to Upper Egypt, a common route in monastic travel narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲱⲛⲉ • ⲣⲏⲧ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'great stones, however, thrown in the water' is fragmentary; the Coptic ⲣⲏⲧ may be a corruption or a verb form, and the sense of obstruction or danger is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of 'they were mocking one another' is unclear; it may refer to the monks Anianos and Paulos from the previous passage, or to other figures.","The phrase 'until his mouth' (ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ) is incomplete; the text is lacunose, and the intended meaning (perhaps 'until he spoke' or 'until his death') is uncertain.","The clause 'great stones, however, thrown in the water' is syntactically broken; ⲣⲏⲧ may be a misreading or a variant of ⲣⲓⲧ (to throw), but the context of the journey is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ⲛⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲏ[ⲥ] ⲁⲛϩⲱⲛ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉⲉⲓⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nϫⲉ • ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ ⲛ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲁⲓⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲟ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲣⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲁⲕⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩ[ⲟⲩ]ⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲛϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲕⲁⲛⲏ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲉⲓⲱ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉⲧⲉ ⁖- | ▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲟⲟⲩ▨▨▨▨▨ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲣ̄ ⲡⲙ̄ⲡϣ[ⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ ⲟⲩ]ⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓ• ϣⲁ\nⲣ[ⲱⲓ] ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲱ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ • ⲁϥⲕⲱ\nϩⲁ ⲣⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ • ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲛϯ • ⲙ\nⲡϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲁⲛϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲛⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲕⲁⲁⲓ • ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲑⲩⲗⲓⲕⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦︦ⲗ︦ⲟ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ • ⲉⲥⲙⲉϩ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲁϣⲉ ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ •","english":"In the middle of the river, the water there was flowing out, being fearful. When we came to the south, we entered into the place of the old man’s dwelling. After a little, he was taught outside by the Spirit. He came out, he stood on the bank of the river. The man said, “He is a man of grace, for he rejoiced in his days.” When we were on the bank, he first called my name, saying, “Well have you come to us, my brother, my spiritual father. This one who is worthy to greet the holy ones.” And when he greeted us, he took us into his dwelling place with joy, and he said to us, “Do the agape, pray, for you are holy men, because you have come to me today.” And when we prayed, we sat down. He brought a basin of water, and washed our feet. He said, “I am not worthy of a great grace, that you have come to me today, O holy brothers.” Afterwards, he set before us a table. We ate, and we gave thanks. We sat down. And I spoke with him concerning his manner of life, and I said to him, “My father, you have done this now in the material world.” The holy old man answered, he said to me with a voice full of joy, “Leave me, my father, my brother, my spiritual father. I am a man of the least, a sinner.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (Greek ἀγάπη) here refers to the liturgical meal, not abstract love. The elder instructs the visitors to perform the agape, a ritual meal shared by monks.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ (grace) appears twice: first in the narrator's description of the elder as a 'man of grace' (ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ ⲛ ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ), and later in the elder's self-deprecation, 'not worthy of a great grace' (ⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ϩⲙⲟⲧ). The term denotes unearned divine favour.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϣⲗⲏⲗ (pray) is used in the elder's instruction to the visitors: 'Do the agape, pray' (ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ). The verb is a standard term for prayer in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the narrator and the holy elder Apa Isaac. The elder's speech is marked by humility and joy, contrasting with the narrator's awe. The structure includes a greeting, a ritual meal, and a conversation about the elder's life.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The elder's washing of the visitors' feet echoes the biblical practice of hospitality (cf. Genesis 18:4; Luke 7:38). In monastic tradition, foot-washing was a sign of humility and service, often performed by the host for guests.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains lacunae: after ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉⲧⲉ there is a break marked by ▨▨▨▨, and later a damaged section with ⲙⲟⲟⲩ▨▨▨▨ⲉϥϫⲱ. The English draft fills these gaps plausibly but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁϥⲁⲓⲁⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ' is rendered 'he rejoiced in his days' in the English draft, but the Coptic could also mean 'he grew great in his days' or 'he was exalted in his days'. The reading 'rejoiced' is adopted based on context.","The identity of 'the Spirit' (ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲁ) that taught the elder is ambiguous: it could be the Holy Spirit or a spiritual guide. The English draft capitalizes 'Spirit', implying the Holy Spirit, which is consistent with monastic hagiography."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲁⲕϫⲛⲟⲩⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲁ ϭⲓⲛⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ (sic) • ⲉ\nⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ\nⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲱⲡ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ\nⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲁ\nⲧⲉϥϩⲏ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛ̄[ϭⲓ] ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ▨▨ⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁⲓ[ⲛⲁ]ⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ [ⲧⲟⲟ]ⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲉⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ | [ⲡⲉⲡⲓ]ⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ •","english":"Therefore, since you have asked me about my work, I will tell you the things that I saw and the things that I heard from my holy father Apa Hārōn. For I also was a disciple at his feet, and I followed him so that he might tell me the things that he saw and the things that happened before him. For my holy father Apa Hārōn said to me, \"I will tell you, my son, the things that I saw and the things that I heard from the blessed Apa Markedonios the bishop.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is used for both Hārōn and Markedonios, marking them as monastic fathers. It is left untranslated to avoid confusion with biological fatherhood.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲡⲁⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (my holy father) is a standard epithet for a revered monastic elder, here applied to Apa Hārōn.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ (the blessed) is a title for a deceased saint, here applied to Bishop Markedonios, indicating his revered status.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a narrative frame: the narrator (Paphnutius) recounts being asked about his work, then quotes Apa Hārōn, who in turn will quote Apa Markedonios. This creates a chain of authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲉⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Markedonios is a bishop mentioned as a source of Hārōn's knowledge. He is otherwise unattested in the allowed sources, but his title ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (the bishop) confirms his ecclesiastical rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ (therefore) is a Greek loan (ἐπεὶ δή) used as a discourse marker. The Coptic text has a scribal error in ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ (sic) where the expected form is ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ (I will tell you), but the context clarifies the intended meaning.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ (sic) is likely a scribal error for ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ (I will tell you), as the speaker addresses the listener. The reading follows the English draft.","The name ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ (Apa Hārōn) may be a variant of Aaron, but the Coptic form is retained as a proper name."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲉⲓⲟ ⲛ ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲁⲓϫⲓ\nⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛ ⲧ▨▨▨▨ⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲓⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ ⲉⲓⲡⲁⲅⲁⲣⲭⲏ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲁⲩⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲓϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲟⲩⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ\nⲉⲓⲇⲟⲗⲟⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϣⲱϫ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϣⲉⲙϣⲉ ⲉⲓⲇⲟⲗⲟⲛ • ⲁⲓϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ\nⲱⲛⲧⲱⲥ • ⲕⲩⲣⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲥⲉϫⲏⲩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁ\nϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲉⲓⲇⲟⲗⲟⲛ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲉϣⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲗⲏⲣⲓⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲛⲥⲉⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲓⲕⲁ\nⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗ[ⲓⲥ] ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲧ[ⲣⲁⲧⲏ]ⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲓϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑ[ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣ]ⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧ[ⲉ] | [ⲁⲓϫ]ⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲛ[ⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ]• ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁ[ⲁⲃ▨] • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ[ⲏⲣ] ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϣⲉⲙϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ\nⲡⲁ [ⲉⲓ]ⲱⲧ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛ[ⲟⲥ] ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲣⲓⲣⲓⲕⲟⲥ (sic) • ⲛ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ ⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛⲥⲉⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ •","english":"For he said, “...the archon, when I began the ... I came to the south, to the pagarchy, over these cities. I went into the prison, and the Sabbath came. I sought a place, that I might gather, for I am an orthodox, because they worship idols in that place, and also the persecution of the orthodox among them. They had no freedom there because of the multitude of idol worshippers. I sought, then, from a Christian man, concerning the manner of gathering. He, however, said to me, ‘Truly, lord archon, the cities are full of violence from the idol worshippers. For even when clerics of the city of Souan come down, they do not gather us on the Sabbath and the Lord’s Day.’ I, a Macedonian, kept these words in my heart. And when I went to the city of Rakote to prostrate before the *stratēlatēs*, I sought Apa Athanasius, the archbishop of Rakote. I told him the whole manner of what I had seen. The holy and true patriarch said to me, ‘How many idol worshippers of God are in that place?’ I said to him, ‘My father, even a Christian man told me that the clerics of the city of Souan come down and do not gather us.’","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ (archōn) denotes a civil magistrate or governor, here addressed by the speaker as 'lord archon'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏ (pagarchy) is a Greek loanword (pagarcheia) referring to a district governed by a pagarch, a local administrative unit in late Roman Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲗⲁⲧⲏⲥ (stratēlatēs) is a Greek loanword meaning 'general' or 'military commander', used here as a title for a high-ranking official in Rakote (Alexandria).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the Coptic name for Alexandria, the major Egyptian city and seat of the patriarchate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Athanasios the archbishop is Athanasius of Alexandria (c. 296–373), a key figure in Nicene orthodoxy; his mention anchors the narrative in the 4th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The speaker calls himself 'a Macedonian' (ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ), which may indicate his ethnic origin or, more likely, his adherence to the 'Macedonian' heresy (Pneumatomachians), given the context of orthodoxy and persecution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has several lacunae (marked ▨) that obscure the exact wording, especially in the opening lines and the name of the city 'Souan' (ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ). The reading 'Macedonian' as a heresiological label is inferred from context but not explicit."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲉϥⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲉ • ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲏ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲙ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲉϥⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛϣⲱⲥ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉ[ϫ]ⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ •","english":"...of the Sabbath and the Lord's Day. Now then, my Lord, my father, look at one who is worthy to serve in this necessary work. You shall ordain him as bishop, that I may take him south with me. The holy archbishop answered and said to me, \"Except that you have sought after the good work, who is wiser than you? Or who is more compassionate than you? You yourself will be the shepherd over the sheep that are in that place.\" And I said to him,","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The speaker asks the archbishop to ordain a worthy person as bishop to accompany him south, but the archbishop instead declares the speaker himself fit to shepherd the flock there.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'archbishop' per the pinned glossary, referring to the patriarch of Alexandria in this tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary, indicating the office the speaker requests for another but is himself assigned.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue unit, with the speaker petitioning the archbishop and receiving a direct reply that reinterprets the request as a call to the speaker's own leadership.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'Sabbath and Lord's Day' reflects the early Christian liturgical week; the request to ordain a bishop for the south suggests the expansion of ecclesiastical hierarchy into rural or persecuted areas.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end has a lacuna: ⲡⲉ[ϫ]ⲁⲓ is partially restored; the English draft supplies 'I said to him' but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker and the archbishop is not given in this passage; the location 'south' is unspecified.","The phrase 'ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲁⲓⲟⲛ' (necessary work) may refer to a specific liturgical or pastoral duty, but the context is ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “archbishop”. In the Coptic tradition the title of the patriarch of Alexandria; 'archbishop' is the neutral rendering."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “bishop”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ [ⲉⲧ] ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ ϯⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄ [ϯ ⲙ]ⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲡⲓⲑⲉ • ⲙⲙ[ⲟⲓ]|\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟ[ⲗϫ̄]▨▨▨▨ⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nⲓⲉⲓ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲣ[ⲏⲥ ⲁⲓ]ⲥⲱⲣ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛⲛⲉⲧ\n▨▨ⲁⲓⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲙ̄[ⲡⲉ ⲓ]ⲉϣⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕ[ⲟⲡⲟⲥ] ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲉⲓⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • [ϩⲛ̄] ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ\nⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ [ⲉⲩ]ⲃⲏⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲣⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲉⲩϣ︦ⲙ︦[ϣ︦ⲉ]\nⲟⲩϩⲁⲗⲏⲧ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡ[ⲃⲏϭ] ⲛϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nϩⲉⲛⲙⲁⲅⲕⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ⲁⲥ[ϣⲱ]ⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓ\nⲛϩⲟⲩⲛ ▨▨ⲧⲏⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲟⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • [ⲇⲉ] ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ [ⲛ]ⲉϥⲛⲁⲣ ⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲓⲇⲟⲗⲟⲛ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ [ⲇⲉ] ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓϣ[ⲁ]ϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟ[ⲥ] ϫⲉ ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ [ⲛⲁⲓ] ⲁⲙⲟⲩ\nⲛⲅ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲛϣⲉ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧϣⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛⲥⲉϫⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡⲕ[ⲱ]ϩ︦ⲧ︦ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲟ[ⲩ]ⲏⲏⲃ • ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓ • ⲉⲛϣⲉ • ϣⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲣ̄ ϫⲃ̄ⲃⲥ̄ |▨▨▨▨\nⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁ[ⲕⲉ]ⲇⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉ • [ⲡ]ⲙⲁⲅⲕⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\n[ⲡ]ⲃⲏϭ • ⲁϥⲥⲱⲗ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲛⲟⲩ[ϫⲉ] ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧϣⲏⲩⲉ • ⲉⲧ [ⲙⲟ]ⲩϩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ •","english":"...of the Sabbath and the Lord's Day. Now then, my Lord, my father, look at one who is worthy to serve in this necessary work. You shall ordain him as bishop, that I may take him south with me. The holy archbishop answer\n\n\"Release me, my holy father, for I am not worthy of this kind of work.\" He, however, persuaded me with his sweet words. He persuaded me. When I came south, I sought out one who was greater than I among those who had come to this place. \"O my brother Haron, do not be bold with me as a bishop, but walk as the least among them.\" I saw them going into the inner cells, rejoicing, and a certain place was called the inner furnace. They were in the cells. It happened, however, after some days, when I was going in, the priest came out of the city and went to give an answer. His two sons, however, were attending to the sacrifice of the idol. I, Makedonios, went to them and spoke with them deceitfully, saying, \"I wish to offer a sacrifice today to God.\" They said to me, \"Come, offer it up.\" When he went in, he gave orders to place wood upon the altar and to kindle the fire under it. The two sons of the priest, however, were attending to the wood until the twenty-second day of the month. Bishop Apa Makedonios gave his attention to the place, that is, the cell within it. He brought out the furnace, he uncovered its head, and he threw it out upon the altar that was burning. He came out.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) here refers to God, not a pagan deity, despite the context of an idol sacrifice. The narrator's deceitful offer is to 'God' (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ), contrasting with the idol.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is used for the bishop Makedonios, indicating his monastic authority. It is left untranslated to avoid confusion with the biological 'father' (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) earlier in the passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲏϭ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'inner furnace' (ⲡⲃⲏϭ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲛ) likely refers to a cell or chamber used for ascetic practices, possibly involving heat or fire. The term appears in monastic literature as a place of severe discipline.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from dialogue (the narrator's plea to the archbishop) to first-person narrative (the journey south, encounter with Haron, and the episode with the priest's sons). The final actions of Bishop Makedonios are described in third person, possibly indicating a source transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲡⲓⲑⲉ • ⲙⲙ[ⲟⲓ]","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥⲡⲓⲑⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ is repeated, but the first instance may be a scribal dittography. The English draft renders both as 'persuaded me', but the text may originally have had only one occurrence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The story of Makedonios destroying an idol's altar by throwing the furnace head onto it is a hagiographic topos, paralleling acts of iconoclasm by desert fathers. This episode is cited in later monastic collections as an example of anti-pagan zeal.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲉⲓ (attending) is ambiguous: it could mean they were serving the sacrifice or simply present. The context of deceit suggests they were actively involved.","The phrase ⲡⲃⲏϭ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲛ (inner furnace) may be a specific architectural feature or a metaphorical term for a place of trial. The reading as a literal furnace is adopted here.","The final clause ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ (he came out) leaves unclear whether Makedonios exited the cell or the city. The narrative flow suggests he left the cell after the act."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"ϩ︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • [ⲛ̄ϣⲏ]ⲣⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ [ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛ]ⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲡⲱϩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲟⲓ[ⲧⲉ • ⲁ]ⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ [ⲡⲉⲧ] ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁϥ • ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏϣ • ⲛⲥⲁⲥⲁ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲩ[ϣⲁ]ⲛⲥⲱⲧ︤ⲙ︥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲓ ⲱ[ⲛⲉ] • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲣⲱⲕ︦ϩ︦ [ⲙ̄] ⲡⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ • ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲟ[ⲩϩ]ⲙ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛ • ⲛⲧⲟ[ⲟ]ⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ϥⲙⲉ • ⲙ ⲡ[ⲛ]ⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲃⲏϭ • ⲛ\nϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ [ϭⲉ] ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ •","english":"...of the Sabbath and the Lord's Day. Now then, my Lord, my father, look at one who is worthy to serve in this necessary work. You shall ordain him as bishop, that I may take him south with me. The holy archbishop answer\n\nIn the temple, he went. The son of the priest, however, when they saw what had happened, they tore their garments. And the great one said to the small one, \"What is it that I will do? We are weary. Who is it that, if the people of the city hear, they will stone us, saying that we were negligent until they opened the mouth of their God? Again, if we hide our hands, we will not be able to escape from our father, because he is full of God, the one who is more powerful than us. Now then, my brother, let us arise.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the temple' likely refers to a pagan temple, consistent with the narrative context of monks confronting idolatry.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ means 'priest', here likely a pagan priest, as the son reacts to a divine manifestation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲡⲱϩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲟⲓⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Tearing garments is a biblical gesture of mourning or distress (cf. Gen 37:29, 2 Sam 13:31).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲓ ⲱⲛⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The threat of stoning reflects the danger monks faced from hostile pagan populations in late antique Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'again, also' marks a rhetorical shift from fear of the crowd to fear of the father, structuring the dialogue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏϣ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏϣ is ambiguous: it may mean 'we are weary' or 'we are in haste'; the context supports weariness from the crisis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has lacunae; the reading 'ⲛ̄ϣⲏⲣⲉ' is uncertain, and the phrase 'ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧ︤ⲙ︥' is partially reconstructed."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲧ [ⲛ]ⲁⲛ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲓⲉ • ϩⲁⲣⲏⲩ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣ ⲃⲟⲗ\n[ⲁ]ⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟ[ⲗⲓ]ⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • [ⲙ̄]ⲡⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩ[ⲧ]ⲉ ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲩ[ⲧ]ⲏϣ • ⲉⲩⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲁⲩ[ϫⲓ]ⲟⲟⲣ • ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ︦ⲉ︦ⲃ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲁⲩ[ⲛ]ⲁⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • |\nⲈⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲉ[ⲛ]ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ\nⲛⲉⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲥ[ⲁⲣⲝ̄] ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲓ ⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲓⲧ[ⲛ̄] ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⁘ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲓ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡ︦ⲣ︦ⲡⲉ\nⲉ ⲧ︦ⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲑⲟⲥ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲟⲩ[ⲛ] • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲟⲛ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲙ[ⲁ]ⲅⲕⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲃⲏϭ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϩⲉ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥⲁⲡⲟⲣⲉⲓ • ⲉϥϫ[ⲱ] ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲡⲕⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲃⲏϭ • ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧ︤ⲙ︥ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲃⲏϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ • ⲙ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲁ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲓⲛⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲉ[ⲓ] ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ •","english":"...we fled to a desert place together. We will be saved. And this is how they came out of the city on the second day. No one knew that God was protecting them because they were bound for a good purpose. They took a boat and came to this east. They looked inward at the inner mountain. They said, \"It is good for us to die here, and for the wild beasts to eat our flesh rather than to be stoned by the people of the city.\" But when their father came to go into the temple to worship the idol first, according to his custom, before going to his house, when he went in, he did not find his children. He gave his attention to the inner place, but he did not find them. He also searched in the sanctuary where the altar is, but he did not find them. He came out perplexed, saying, \"What has happened? Why did I not find my children? Nor the other god, the altar?\" An old woman who lived near the temple heard him. She called to him, saying, \"Come to me, O priest, blessed one, and I will tell you what I saw today. For I saw this transgressor of monks, who leads some astray in this city, go in...","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts. Here it appears in the phrase ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ, 'God was protecting them'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲏϭ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲃⲏϭ (the altar) is a distinct term from ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ (temple). The father searches both the temple and the sanctuary (ⲡⲙⲁⲅⲕⲁⲛⲟⲛ) where the altar is, indicating a physical layout of a pagan temple.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ (transgressor) is a Greek loanword (παραβάτης) used here to describe the monk who leads others astray. It carries a legal or moral connotation of one who oversteps boundaries.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The old woman's description of the monk as ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ (transgressor of monks) reflects early monastic anxieties about false or deceptive ascetics, a theme found in other Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a collective narrative (the group's flight) to a focused scene: the father's search in the temple, his perplexity, and the old woman's intervention. The repetition of ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϩⲉ (he did not find) three times builds dramatic tension.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲧ [ⲛ]ⲁⲛ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲓⲉ • ϩⲁⲣⲏⲩ is partially lacunose; the reading 'we fled to a desert place together' is plausible but the exact syntax is uncertain. The English draft smooths over the fragmentary state.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲧ [ⲛ]ⲁⲛ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϫⲁⲓⲉ • ϩⲁⲣⲏⲩ is broken; the reading 'we fled to a desert place together' is assumed but the exact subject and verb form are uncertain.","The phrase ⲡⲕⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲃⲏϭ (the other god, the altar) is ambiguous: it may mean the altar is considered a god, or it may be a confused reference to a deity associated with the altar."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ • ⲡⲉⲛ[ⲧ ⲁϥ]ⲧⲁⲕⲉ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩϥⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ [ⲡⲃⲏϭ] ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲇⲉ :- |\n[ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ] ϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ̄ [ⲛ̄] ⲑⲗ̄ⲗⲟⲩ (sic) • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲉϥϯ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧ[ⲡ]ⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ [ⲛ]ⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϯⲛⲁϩⲟⲧⲃⲟⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲡⲕⲉⲙⲟ[ⲛ]ⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϯⲛⲁⲡⲁⲧⲁⲥ[ⲥⲉ]\nⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ(sic) • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ •","english":"...to the temple with his children. It was he who utterly corrupted their heart. They took God [as their guide] and fled. But the priest, when he heard these words from the old woman, went about crying out in the city after his children, saying, \"Not only my children will I kill, but also the other monk, if I find him, I will strike him down.\" A faithful man, when he heard her speaking with the priest, went to the bishop.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (priest) is a standard Coptic term for a pagan priest, distinct from ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (Christian presbyter). The context confirms a non-Christian cultic role.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is a fixed rendering from the pinned terms. The faithful man’s recourse to the bishop shows the institutional church as a refuge against the priest’s violence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϥⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ [ⲡⲃⲏϭ]","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲁⲩϥⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ [ⲡⲃⲏϭ] is obscure; the English draft renders it as 'took God as their guide', but the Coptic may be corrupt. ⲡⲃⲏϭ is unattested; possibly a scribal error for ⲡⲃⲟⲗ (outside) or a lost noun.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲑⲗ̄ⲗⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲑⲗ̄ⲗⲟⲩ (sic) is a garbled form; the English draft reads 'old woman', but the Coptic may intend ⲧϩⲗⲗⲱ (the old woman). The scribal error affects the identification of the speaker.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the priest’s violent oath (ϯⲛⲁϩⲟⲧⲃⲟⲩ, ϯⲛⲁⲡⲁⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ) to a faithful man’s action, creating a narrative contrast between persecution and ecclesiastical order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲡⲃⲏϭ is unclear; the English draft interprets it as 'guide', but the Coptic may be corrupt or a rare term.","ⲑⲗ̄ⲗⲟⲩ is a scribal error; the intended word is likely ⲧϩⲗⲗⲱ (the old woman), but the text is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ[ⲁ]ⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓ[ⲏⲩ]\n▨ⲥⲉⲧⲙ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲟⲩ[ⲏ]ⲏⲃ • ⲉⲧ\nⲥϩⲣⲟⲩⲣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡ︦ⲣ︦ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏ[ⲧ]ⲕ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ [ϯ]ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧϥ̄ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉ[ⲧ] ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲉϥⲥϭⲣⲁϩⲧ̄ • ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ • ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉⲛ︦ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲡⲉⲛϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ [ⲣ̄]ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲉⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ • ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ [ⲉ] ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧⲙ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ [ⲡ]ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ▨▨ⲉⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲡⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄‐ |\nⲥⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ϯ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲡⲱⲧ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ [ⲡⲉⲛ]ⲧ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡ︤ⲣ︥ⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩ︤ⲗ︥ⲗⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲧⲉ • ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲱⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲗⲁⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ ⲛϥ̄ϭⲱ ⲉϥⲕⲓⲙ • ⲁⲛ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁ\nⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲉⲕⲟ ⲛ︤ⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ • ϣⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄[ϫⲱ] ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲉⲓ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ •","english":"...to the temple with his children. It was he who utterly corrupted their heart. They took God [as their guide] and fled. But the priest, when he heard these words from the old woman, went about crying out in the city af\n\n...the holy one. He said to him, \"My honored father, do not accept a word from this raging priest of the temple concerning you, for he says, 'If I find him, I will kill him.' Now then, my holy father, arise and go to a place that is prepared for some days until the matter is resolved.\" The bishop said to the man there, \"What, my honored son? I have heard from the blessed mouth of our God, our Savior Jesus Christ, our Lord, saying, 'Do not fear those who will kill your body, for they have no power to kill the soul.'\" The man there said to the bishop, and he also said, \"If they flee and scatter in the city, flee to another place.\" The bishop said, \"Who told him that I went into the temple?\" But he said to him, \"I heard that it was an old woman who lives near the temple.\" The bishop said with a laugh, \"Her tongue will become a millstone; it will not cease moving forever until the gift of God is revealed.\" And it happened according to his word, just as the apostle Peter said to Simon, \"You will become blind, and you will not see the sun for a time.\" When the holy bishop said these things to me, the man withdrew from him.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ψυχή is rendered 'soul' here, contrasting with the body (ⲥⲱⲙⲁ) that can be killed. The bishop's argument that the enemy cannot kill the soul is a standard ascetic consolation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop cites the apostle Peter's words to Simon (the magician), alluding to Acts 8:9–24 or later apocryphal traditions. The threat of blindness and temporary loss of sunlight echoes the confrontation in the Pseudo-Clementine literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The 'temple' (ⲡⲣⲡⲉ) is a pagan sanctuary, likely a surviving Egyptian cult site. The priest's rage and the old woman's gossip reflect the tension between Christian monks and the remaining pagan establishment in late antique Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This dialogue passage alternates between the bishop's theological reassurance (soul cannot be killed) and the practical advice to flee. The narrative frame (the man reporting to the bishop) creates a layered conversation typical of monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The bishop's laughing remark about the old woman's tongue becoming a millstone is a vivid folkloric curse. This motif appears in later Coptic and Ethiopic monastic literature as a warning against slander.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉⲧⲟⲩ[ⲁ]ⲁⲃ is partially damaged; the reading 'holy one' is assumed from context. The phrase ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ lacks an explicit subject in the first instance; the English draft assigns it to the bishop, but the Coptic could also be read as the man speaking to the bishop. The final clause 'the man withdrew from him' is ambiguous: it may mean the man left the bishop, or that the bishop left the ma"],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉϩⲏⲧ • ⲉ\nⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥ︤ⲡ︥ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲏⲥϯⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲟⲩϣⲏ • ⲛⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ[ⲙⲟⲥ] ϫⲉ ⲡϫ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲕⲧⲟ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲏⲧ • ⲙ\nⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲟⲩϣⲏ • ▨▨▨▨▨ⲩ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲩϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲉϣϫ[ⲉ](?)▨[ⲡⲣⲱ]ⲙⲉ ⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲉⲣⲉ ϣ[ⲏⲣⲉ | ⲥⲛⲁⲩ] ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ⲉⲩⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲁ\n[ϩⲓ ⲟ]ⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϩⲓ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ ⲙⲙⲟϥ •","english":"The holy one arose, he himself, and went down to the place called Pia. He dwelt in that place, beseeching God with fasts and with many nights of vigils, saying, \"Lord God, turn the heart of the man to repentance this night.\" ... He saw a vision: the man stood, with two children beside him, standing; one on his right and one on his left.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The toponym ⲡⲓⲁ (Pia) is unattested elsewhere in known Coptic monastic literature; it may be a place name or a corruption of a known site such as ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲁ (Piar) or ⲡⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ (Piatou). The reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative action (the holy one arises and goes) to a prayer formula (ⲡϫⲥ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲕⲧⲟ ⲙⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ) and then to a vision report, a common pattern in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲧⲟ ⲙⲡϩⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲕⲧⲟ ⲙⲡϩⲏⲧ (turn the heart) echoes biblical language of conversion (e.g., Psalm 51:10 LXX, 'turn the heart'), though no direct citation is marked.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨▨▨ⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna of about five characters before ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ (he saw). The missing word may be a temporal marker (e.g., ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ, 'immediately') or a verb of perception. The reading is conjectural.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲉⲛⲛⲏⲥϯⲁ ⲙⲛ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲟⲩϣⲏ ⲛⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The pairing of fasts (ⲛⲏⲥϯⲁ) and night vigils (ⲟⲩϣⲏ ⲛⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ) is a standard ascetic practice in Egyptian monasticism, often used to petition for divine intervention in conversion narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The toponym ⲡⲓⲁ is uncertain; it may be a place name or a scribal error.","The lacuna before ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ leaves the transition from prayer to vision unclear.","The phrase ⲉⲩⲁⲁϩ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ (standing) could describe the children's posture or their state of being; the syntax is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"ⲉⲩⲛⲕⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϯ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲙ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲉ\nⲕⲗⲟⲙ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁϥϯ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲣⲱⲃ • ⲉ ⲧϭⲓϫ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩϣⲟϣⲧ ⲙⲏⲣ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲕⲉ ϭⲉⲣⲱⲃ • ⲉ ⲧϭⲓϫ\nⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲕⲉ ϣⲟϣⲧ̄ ⲙⲏⲣ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉⲓⲟⲣⲙ̄ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ\nϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲏ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲣⲁ ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ • ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦\nⲡⲉⲭⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • Ⲉⲧⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲟⲕⲙⲉⲕ [ⲙ̄]ⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲥⲙⲏ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϣⲁ [ⲣⲟ]ϥ • ⲉⲥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲧ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲕⲁ[ⲙ]ⲉⲗⲉⲓ ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁⲛϩⲟⲩⲧⲕ̄ [ⲉ] ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛⲅ̄ϯ ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩⲟⲓ • [ⲉ\nⲣ]ⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ [ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄] | [ϩⲙ̄ ⲡ]ⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • Ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥ[ⲙⲟⲟϣ]ⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩ[ⲱ ⲛ̄] ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲓ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁ [ϣⲟ]ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙ ⲙⲏⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁϥϭⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛⲥⲁ [ⲟⲩ]ⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ [ⲉ]ⲩⲛⲏϫ • ϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲟϩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟ • ⲉ ⲁⲩ▨▨ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲕⲟ\n[ⲙ]ⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲉⲙ\nⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩⲥⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"While they were sleeping, a man of light came, stood in the air, placed a crown on the head of the one on his right, who is the great one, and another crown on the head of the one on his left, and placed a staff in the hand of the one on his right, with a thong bound to it, and another staff in the hand of the one on his left, with another thong bound to it. He went up into the sky, floating after him. Then the holy bishop Apa Macedonius arose in the morning, saying, \"What is this vision that I have seen? Will children be born to me after I have renounced? The matter is difficult. Nevertheless, let your will be done, my Lord Jesus Christ.\" While the bishop was pondering in this way, a voice came to him, saying, \"Go, see your sheep, for which you were appointed. Arise, give your attention to them. You will find some chosen vessels in that place.\" He arose and went as it was told to him. And when he had gone up into the mountain, three miles, he looked to his right and found two children lying under a palm tree, their tongues hanging out to the point of death from hunger and thirst, because their sheep had not eaten bread nor drunk water. When the bishop saw them,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'heaven' per the pinned glossary, as the abode of God; 'sky' is reserved for strictly cosmological contexts, which are rare here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ is left untranslated as 'Apa' to avoid confusion with the biological sense of 'father' in the same sentence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary, reflecting the ecclesiastical office of Apa Macedonius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The vision of a man of light placing crowns and staffs on two children echoes early Christian and monastic imagery of investiture and divine appointment, common in hagiographic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩ▨▨ⲧⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna: ⲁⲩ▨▨ⲧⲟⲟⲩ. The reading 'their tongues hanging out' is conjectural; the exact verb is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a visionary sequence (the man of light) to the bishop's morning reflection and a divine command, then to his journey and discovery of the children, marking a narrative pivot.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'man of light' is not specified; he may be an angel or a divine figure.","The lacuna ⲁⲩ▨▨ⲧⲟⲟⲩ leaves the exact action of the children's tongues uncertain.","The phrase 'three miles' (ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲙ ⲙⲏⲗⲓⲟⲛ) may be a conventional distance rather than a precise measurement."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":32,"ref":"p32","source":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ • ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲕⲛⲁϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲩⲱⲥ • ⲛⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲕ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲩⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩϯⲡⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲧ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲥⲟϣⲙ̄ • ϩⲁ","english":"He remembered the vision that he had seen. And he said, \"These are the two sons who were shown to me in the vision. And these also are the ones who told me, 'Go, you will find chosen vessels.' I went in to them.\" He said, \"And when they saw me, they were troubled in heart; they rose and prostrated themselves at my feet, and they gave praise over them. I myself also gave them my hand and raised them up. When I saw them, however, they were troubled.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The speaker recalls a vision and identifies the two sons as the ones shown to him, linking the vision to the previous passage's crowns and staffs.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲕⲉⲩⲱⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲕⲉⲩⲱⲥ (skeuōs) means 'vessels' or 'instruments,' here metaphorically 'chosen vessels' for monastic or spiritual service.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Prostration at the feet and giving the hand to raise up are standard gestures of reverence and reconciliation in Egyptian monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a narrative frame: the speaker recounts his vision and the monks' reaction, shifting from reported speech to direct speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟϣⲙ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲟϣⲙ̄ (sošm) is ambiguous: it can mean 'troubled' or 'disturbed,' but the exact nuance here is uncertain; the English draft reads 'troubled.'","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲩⲥⲟϣⲙ̄ (eusōšm) could mean 'they were troubled' or 'they were disturbed,' but the precise emotional or physical state is not fully specified.","The identity of the speaker (whether Paphnutius or another monk) is not explicitly stated in this passage, though the context suggests Paphnutius."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":33,"ref":"p33","source":"ⲡⲉϩⲕⲟ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲃⲉ • ⲁⲓϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ [ⲁϥ]ϫⲱⲣⲙ̄ • ⲟⲩⲃⲉ • ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ |\n[ϫⲉ] ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲁϥ[ϫⲱⲣ]ⲙ̄ • ⲟⲩⲃⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟϭ ϫⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • [ⲁϥ]ⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲃ︦ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ϫⲉ ⲱⲛⲧⲱⲥ • [ⲡⲁ] ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲓⲣⲑⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲁ[ⲩⲱ] ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲓⲛ ⲡⲉ[ϩⲟⲟⲩ]\nⲛⲧⲁⲛⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲛⲟ[ⲩ]ⲱⲙ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲛⲥⲱ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲥⲁⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲁⲕ • ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲓ ⲟⲩϣⲏ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇ[ⲉ] ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲃϣ̄ • ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄[ⲛ̣]ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲉⲛϩⲃ̄ⲥⲱ • ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲃ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ϩⲓ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲁϥⲕⲓⲙ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁϥϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱⲧ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩϣⲧⲏⲛ • ⲁϥϭⲟⲗⲧ̄ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲱ[ⲙⲓⲥ] • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓⲣ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉⲓ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲥϩⲓⲱⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲃⲟϣⲧ̄ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ • ϩⲓ ⲡⲁ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ • ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲉⲡⲱⲙⲓⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲥ̄ⲣ ⲟⲩⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲃϣϥ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ • ϩⲓⲱⲱⲧ • ⲛ ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲛⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲁⲓϭⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙⲙ[ⲟⲓ ⲁⲩⲱ] | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • [ⲁϥϫ]ⲓⲧ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ[ⲉ] ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϫⲧ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲟⲛ︦ⲅ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥϥⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ\nⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ⲅ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ •","english":"The hunger and the thirst. I sat down there. But the great one who was there became angry at the small one, saying, \"Speak!\" The small one also became angry at the great one, saying, \"Speak yourself!\" The great one answered, \"Truly, my father, I acted as if I had eaten. And when I saw you, for from the day we came out of the city, I have not eaten, nor have I drunk, nor have I seen anyone outside. For our food is the light. For it happened that we were in this night that brought us. But I was naked. However, my eyes were open. A man of light came, having a book in his hand, making the sign of the cross, and having very precious garments hung over his shoulder. He stood by me. He moved toward me. When I rose up, he threw a garment over me. He wrapped me in a linen cloth. When I made a response over the garment, he unfolded it and placed it on my small brother. And he wrapped himself also in a linen cloth. When he made a response over himself, he unfolded it and placed it over me again. Then I looked to my right and I saw you, my holy father. The man of light took me in his hands and threw me into a bosom. Afterwards, he took my brother and threw him into a bosom. And immediately—","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ (ouoein) means 'light' and is used here to describe a divine or angelic figure, a 'man of light,' consistent with the motif of illumination in monastic visions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲱⲙⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲡⲱⲙⲓⲥ (epōmis) refers to a linen cloth or garment, often used in liturgical or ascetic contexts, indicating the ritualistic nature of the clothing exchange.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'man of light' echoes biblical theophanies, such as the angelic figures in Acts 12:7 or the transfiguration, where light signifies divine presence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The 'sign of the cross' (ⲛϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ) is a standard gesture in Coptic monastic practice, used for blessing and protection, reflecting the ritualized piety of the desert fathers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative from the previous section, with the great monk recounting a vision that parallels the earlier prophecy of 'chosen vessels,' reinforcing the theme of divine election.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛⲅ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛⲅ (kouōng) is uncertain; it may be a corruption or variant of ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛⲓ (kouōni, 'bosom' or 'cave'), but the sense of being placed into a receptacle is clear from context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛⲅ is ambiguous; it may be a scribal error for ⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛⲓ (bosom) or a toponym. The reading 'bosom' is adopted based on the parallel with the previous passage.","The phrase ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ (ntasoueine) is unclear; it may mean 'that brought us' or 'that we spent,' but the sense of a night journey is retained."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":34,"ref":"p34","source":"ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲓⲗⲟ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ\nϭⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲕⲉⲓ ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲕⲁⲓ\nⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲡⲱⲧ ⲣ[ⲱ] ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ • ⲁ[ⲛ]ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲟⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ • ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ •","english":"He opened his mouth to speak. I went to look at his face. Now then, my father, behold, we have become worthy for you to come to us. Here are our souls in your hand, and our body. For indeed, we fled from the city of your opportunity and came to this place. But when the bishop heard these words, he remembered what the apostle said: \"The spirits of the prophets come to us.\" He said to them, \"Arise, let us go, my children, for this is the way that God","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The speaker declares that the monks have become worthy of the elder's visit, offering their souls and bodies to him. This reflects the monastic theme of total submission to a spiritual father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is a loan from Greek ἐπίσκοπος, meaning 'bishop'. Here it refers to a local church authority who hears the monks' account and recalls an apostolic saying.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop remembers what 'the apostle said' about the spirits of the prophets coming to them. This likely alludes to a New Testament passage, possibly Acts or a Pauline epistle, though the exact verse is not identified in the text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the city of your opportunity' (ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ) uses the Greek loanword ⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ (καιρός? or ἀφορμή?), possibly meaning 'occasion' or 'departure'. The monks fled from a city associated with the elder's mission or opportunity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is an address: the speaker directly addresses the elder as 'my father' and then the bishop addresses the monks as 'my children'. The shift in speaker is marked by the bishop's reaction to hearing the words.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or uncertain reading: ⲁ[ⲛ]ⲉⲓ is restored as 'we came', and the phrase ⲣ[ⲱ] ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ may be corrupt. The English draft interprets it as 'fled from', but the exact sense is not fully secure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲟⲣⲙⲏ is ambiguous: it could mean 'your opportunity' or 'your departure', depending on the Greek source (καιρός vs. ἀφορμή).","The identity of the 'apostle' and the exact scriptural reference are not specified in the text.","The Coptic ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ may be a temporal clause ('when it happened that') or a narrative transition; the English draft treats it as 'but when'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":35,"ref":"p35","source":"ⲧⲟ︦ϣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩ̣ⲛ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ\nⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ\nⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲟⲙⲛ̄ⲧ • [ⲁϥϫⲱ]ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ | [ϫⲉ] ϯⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁⲩ ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩϩ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲕⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲉ ϣⲁϥⲁⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲣⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲛⲟϭ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲣⲁⲛ • ϩⲟⲥⲉ ⲛϭ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲣⲁⲛ • ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ [ⲉ] ⲣⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥ[ⲕ]ⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉ\nⲥ[ϣ]ⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲣⲁⲛ • ϫⲓⲛ\nⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲁϥⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲙⲉϩ\nⲥⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥⲁⲏⲁⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ̄ ϥ̄ⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥⲕⲱ ϩⲁ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱⲙ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉⲩϯ ⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲛϣⲗⲗ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲛϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲕⲁⲧⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ • ⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲛⲥⲁⲃⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲱϩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ |\n[ⲉⲧ] ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϣⲱⲃ • [ⲡϥ]ⲱ ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲡⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲛⲉϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧⲕ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲁⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • [ⲁⲥ]ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ •","english":"They arose and came out from the mountain at once. They went into the place where the holy bishop was dwelling, and they dwelt together for three days. The bishop said, \"I will not eat with them because they have not received baptism.\" Then he arose and filled a vessel with water, as was his custom, and prayed over it according to the canons. And he said to them, \"What are your names?\" The elder said, \"Our names are Hose and Nintou, for the names of God are those by which we were called and which we sent to the bishop.\" But he said, \"It shall not be that you are called by these names from now on.\" And he called the elder and baptized him, and called him Mark. And the second he called Isaiah. After he baptized them, he gathered them together, and afterward he set a table before them for them to eat. It happened, however, after some days, while they were near him, giving their attention to his manner of praying, his manner of sitting, and his demeanor, because they did not know prayers or the Psalter, for they had dwelt with the holy one. Mark said, \"My holy father, we wish you to shave our heads so that we may serve at your feet.\" And he shaved their heads, and they listened to him in every matter. It happened, however, after some days, he remembered.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is a loan from Greek ἐπίσκοπος, rendered here as 'bishop'. In this monastic context, the bishop acts as a spiritual authority who administers baptism and imposes new names.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ϣⲗⲏⲗ means 'to pray'. Here the bishop prays over water before baptism, following established canons (ⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ), indicating a liturgical practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The elder states that their names are 'the names of God' (ⲛⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ), possibly echoing the biblical concept of divine names (e.g., Exodus 3:15 LXX) or the tradition of angelic names in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop refuses to eat with the monks because they have not received baptism (ⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ). This reflects early Christian and monastic practice where unbaptized persons were excluded from the Eucharist and communal meals.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the bishop and the monks, marked by direct speech (ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ). The narrative alternates between action (baptism, shaving) and instruction, typical of monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ, ⲓⲥⲁⲏⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop renames the monks Mark and Isaiah, biblical names that align with Coptic monastic tradition of adopting scriptural names. This practice is attested in other monastic sources (e.g., the Life of Antony).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲛⲉⲛⲣⲁⲛ • ϩⲟⲥⲉ ⲛϭⲛⲧⲟⲩ is ambiguous: it may be read as 'Our names are Hose and Nintou' (as in the English draft) or as a corrupt form of 'Hosea' and another name. The reading 'Hose and Nintou' is adopted here.","The phrase ⲛⲥⲁⲃⲏⲗ (translated 'the Psalter') is uncertain; it may refer to the Book of Psalms or a prayer book. The context suggests a liturgical text."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":36,"ref":"p36","source":"ⲙ\nⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ϩⲓ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ\nⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϥ\nⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲁⲁϥ • ⲛⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⁘ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲱϣ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲛⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ ⲁⲩϭⲟⲓⲗⲉ • ⲉ\nⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ϫⲟⲟⲣ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲣⲉϩⲧ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϭⲟⲟⲃ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϭⲡ̄ • ⲛ\nⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲙⲓϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ • [ⲛ]ⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦\nⲇⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩ[ⲱϭⲡ̄] | [ⲁ]ϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲛ[ⲁ]ϥⲓ ⲙ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ⲉ\nⲡⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲱⲓ • [ⲁⲩ]ⲱ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ϯⲧⲱⲛ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲧⲉⲩ [ⲙⲏ]ⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲥ̄\nⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲙⲓϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉ[ⲩ]ⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ\nⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲑⲏ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲣ ⲙ ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ\nⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲩ • ⲛ[ϭ]ⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲡⲱⲧ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ •","english":"of the vision. The holy bishop saw them, concerning the two sons, and he said, \"Truly, these are the two sons I saw, one on my right and one on my left. He first ordained Mark as presbyter, and his brother Isaiah he made deacon. When the bishop sat in his dwelling place, reading the holy Gospels, Mark also sat near the door. Some camel drivers came, passing by that place with their camels. The stronger among them pushed the weaker one down, and he broke his leg. When the camel drivers saw what had happened, they fought among themselves. But the Lord of the one whose leg was broken said to the other, 'I will take your camels to my place.' And a great disturbance arose between them. Mark, the presbyter, when he saw them fighting among themselves, went up and informed the bishop. He kept them in his heart, not to go down to them. When he came to the verse written, 'Blessed are the peacemakers,' for they are those who are called the sons of God. At that moment he closed the book and went down to them. When they saw him, the one who had done the wrong fled inside to him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ renders Greek πρεσβύτερος. Here it denotes the clerical order of presbyter, not mere seniority, as Mark is ordained to this office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ (Greek διάκονος) indicates the office of deacon, to which Isaiah is ordained. The glossary specifies that in liturgical contexts it refers to the clerical order, not a generic servant.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ⲣ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Blessed are the peacemakers' echoes Matthew 5:9 (ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲣⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in Sahidic). The bishop reads this verse, which prompts his intervention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ (camel drivers) reflects the desert setting of the narrative. Camels were essential for transport in Egyptian monastic and nomadic contexts, and disputes among drivers were a plausible realia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from ordination (Mark as presbyter, Isaiah as deacon) to a narrative of conflict among camel drivers, then to the bishop's scriptural reflection and intervention. This juxtaposition of clerical action with a mundane dispute illustrates the bishop's pastoral role.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩ[ⲱϭⲡ̄]","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna: ⲟⲩ[ⲱϭⲡ̄] (broke). The reconstruction is plausible from context, but the exact reading is uncertain. The English draft supplies 'broke' for the leg, which is consistent with the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ (the one who had done the wrong) is ambiguous: it could refer to the stronger camel driver who pushed the weaker, or to the owner of the broken-legged camel. The English draft takes it as the wrongdoer fleeing to the bishop.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ⲣ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ is partially reconstructed; the standard Sahidic form is ⲛ̄ⲣⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ. The text's spelling may reflect scribal variation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ → “presbyter”. Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (priest, elder); this passage takes it as “presbyter”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ → “deacon”. The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."}]},{"i":37,"ref":"p37","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲥⲉⲧⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲛϩⲁⲡ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲩⲣ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲙⲟⲩⲣ • ⲙ ⲡⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉϥ ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ⲁϥⲣⲉϩⲧ̄ ⲡⲱⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϭⲡ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲕⲉ\nⲟⲩ[ⲁ]▨▨ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ▨▨▨▨| [ⲙ]ⲉⲛ • ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ [ⲡ]ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲕⲱ ⲛ ⲣⲱϥ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲱ\nⲛ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛ ϯⲧⲱⲛ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϩⲁ ⲑⲏ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉ • ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲙ\nⲡϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nϯⲛⲁϫⲉ ⲧⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲓⲥ\nⲙⲁⲁⲃⲉ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲙⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"And he said, \"Come, sit down, my father. You shall not judge us.\" And the bishop sat down. Anoub said to him, \"I tied my camel. My companion, however, did not tie his. His camel came and knocked mine to the ground, and it broke its leg.\" While he was speaking, the other one was saying, \"I did not tie it inside, but it was outside. I did not know.\" The bishop sat with his mouth closed until they finished all their words. The holy bishop said to them, \"There is no matter of contention between you except this matter of the camel alone.\" One of them said, \"I will tell you the truth, my holy father. Behold, for forty years we have walked together, and not one of us has quarreled with the other for a single day.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The bishop sits silently until both parties finish speaking, then declares the only issue is the camel. This highlights the monastic ideal of patience and non-contention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Rendered as 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. In this context, the bishop acts as a judge, reflecting the bishop's role in monastic dispute resolution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The forty-year companionship without quarrel echoes the desert ideal of harmony. Such claims are common in monastic literature to emphasize the transformative power of the ascetic life.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae: ⲡⲕⲉⲟⲩ[ⲁ]▨▨ⲉϥϫⲱ and ϫⲉ▨▨▨▨. The English draft supplies 'the other one was saying' and 'I did not tie it inside', but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within the larger narrative, structured as a dispute brought before the bishop. The bishop's silence and final judgment mirror the pattern of monastic arbitration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker of 'I will tell you the truth' is unclear; the Coptic says 'one of them' (ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ).","The lacunae in the Coptic obscure the exact words of the second camel driver's response."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":38,"ref":"p38","source":"ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲉ • ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟⲓ • ⲙ ⲡϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩ[ⲣ]ⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲱϭ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲉⲛⲧϥ̄ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲕⲉⲉⲥ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲱϭ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲡϣⲁⲁⲣ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ [ⲡ]ⲉⲧ ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩ[ϭⲓ] ⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲟⲩϩⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏ[ⲧⲉ] • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲏ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡ[ⲡⲉ]ⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲟⲩ▨▨ⲉⲣ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ϩⲁ\nⲡⲉϥϩⲧⲟⲣ • ⲟⲩⲁⲁϥ:-▨▨ϫⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲡⲉⲟⲥⲩ▨▨▨ⲉⲓⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⁘ | Ⲉⲧⲉ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲗⲁⲕⲁⲛⲏ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧ︤ϥ︥ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⁶⁰ϣϭϣ̄ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉⲕϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡ︤ⲛ︦ⲁ︥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ (sic) • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲱϭⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲥⲟⲩⲱϭ︦ⲡ︦ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲁⲩⲣ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓ • ⲉⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲗⲁⲕ ⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲟ[ⲩ]ⲏⲏⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁ[ⲩ]ⲱ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲛ[ⲧ]\nⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ[ϥ̄] • Ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ •","english":"The holy bishop said, \"Bring it to my mouth, the camel's leg.\" And it was brought to his mouth. And the other leg was also brought. The joint alone was what held, and it could not walk, but was limping, dragging its leg. When the holy bishop saw the animal, he did not delay the matter because of his haste. He said to the little one—that is, Esaias the deacon—\"Go, bring me a little water in a basin.\" He went and brought it to him. He said to him, \"Sprinkle on its leg, saying, 'In the name of the Father and the Holy Spirit,' and sign it.\" And he did as he told him. Its leg was healed as if it had never been broken at all. When they saw what had happened, Anoub and his companion were amazed, saying, \"We do not know God.\" Some men passing by, who were from Pelak, when they saw what had happened, they glorified God and went into the city. They gave witness concerning the holy bishop about what they had seen. And they informed the high priest of the temple—that is, the priest—about his two sons, and that the little one among them was the one through whom the miracle had happened. When he heard,","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ (literally 'the holy one') is used here as a title for the bishop, consistent with Coptic monastic hagiography where it denotes a saintly or revered figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic Coptic term for God in Christian texts, as seen in the exclamation 'We do not know God'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The healing formula 'In the name of the Father and the Holy Spirit' echoes the Trinitarian invocation common in early Christian liturgy and miracle accounts, though the Son is notably absent here, possibly due to textual corruption or a variant tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'high priest of the temple' (ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ) is anachronistic in a Christian context, likely reflecting the Coptic author's use of Septuagintal or Old Testament terminology for a pagan priest, as the setting is a non-Christian city.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ ('the little one') is ambiguous: it could refer to the younger son (Esaias the deacon) or to a small child. The English draft interprets it as Esaias, but the Coptic does not explicitly identify him until the gloss ⲉⲧⲉ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ ⲡⲉ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The bystanders' glorification of God and subsequent report to the priest reflects a common hagiographic motif: the miracle serves as a catalyst for conversion or recognition of divine power, reinforcing the bishop's sanctity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ ('the little one') is clarified by the gloss ⲉⲧⲉ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ ⲡⲉ, but the Coptic text may originally have been ambiguous.","The healing formula omits the Son, which may be a scribal error or a deliberate variant; the Coptic reads 'Father and Holy Spirit' only.","The phrase ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ is anachronistic; it likely refers to a pagan priest, but the exact cultic context is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":39,"ref":"p39","source":"ⲇⲉ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲟⲩⲏ[ⲏⲃ] ⲁϥⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉ • ⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ [ⲡⲉⲣⲡⲉ] | ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ [ⲛ]ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϩⲱⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲕϯ ϩⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲡⲗⲁⲛⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩϯ ⲟⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁϥϭⲱ ⲉϥϯⲡⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ •","english":"Then the priest hurried to go out of the temple. He went to the place where the bishop was with his children. When he arrived at the dwelling place, they informed the bishop through the spirit. He arose immediately and came out to meet him. And he said to him, \"Welcome! You have given me joy. For you have led this multitude astray to cause them to give heed to their soul.\" And immediately he prostrated himself at his feet and remained giving thanks to them, saying, \"Forgive me.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲩⲏ[ⲏⲃ]","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲡⲟⲩⲏ[ⲏⲃ] is here rendered as 'priest', but the lacuna in the manuscript leaves the reading uncertain; the context suggests a temple priest, not the bishop.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲣⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The word ⲡⲉⲣⲡⲉ (temple) is partially lacunose in the Coptic; it is reconstructed from context and parallels in the narrative, where the priest leaves a pagan temple.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is a fixed rendering per the pinned glossary; it refers to the holy bishop who is the central figure in this episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The bishop's immediate knowledge of the priest's arrival 'through the spirit' (ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ) underscores a common hagiographic motif of clairvoyance or spiritual insight attributed to holy figures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative sequence from the previous passage, where the bishop healed a camel; here the priest's prostration and plea for forgiveness mirror the pattern of repentance and humility typical in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The word ⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ (welcome) is a Greek loanword; its exact nuance here may be formulaic, but the Coptic text is partially damaged, and the reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the priest' (ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a pagan temple priest or a Christian priest; the context of leaving a temple (ⲡⲉⲣⲡⲉ) suggests a pagan setting.","The phrase 'through the spirit' (ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ) could mean the Holy Spirit or a spiritual intuition; the Coptic does not specify.","The lacuna in ⲡⲟⲩⲏ[ⲏⲃ] and ⲡⲉⲣⲡⲉ] leaves the exact reading uncertain; the reconstruction follows Budge's edition."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":40,"ref":"p40","source":"ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲛ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϭⲓ[ϫ] ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ\nⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ\nϥ[ⲁ]ⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ ⲕⲣ̄ [ⲙ]ⲡϣⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ [ⲧⲉ]ⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉϥⲣϣⲡⲏ[ⲣⲉ] • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲏ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ\nⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ [ⲡⲁ ϣ]ⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ\n▨▨▨ϯⲟ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲁⲓⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • | [ⲡ]ⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ϩ[ⲛ̄ⲥⲙ]ⲟⲧ ⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϣ̄ϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲁϥⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ▨ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉ\n[ⲃ]ⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲉ [ⲧ]ⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲧⲱϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ [ⲙ]ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ [ⲛ]ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲟⲧⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲡⲉ[ϫ]ⲁϥ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲁⲧ • ϩⲱ [ⲡ]ⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲓⲣ ⲡⲙⲡϣⲁ [ⲉ] ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲗϭ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\n[ϩ]ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁ[ⲗ]ⲉⲓ • ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ [ⲉ] ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϯ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲕⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ •","english":"Outside, my lord, my father.” But he took hold of his hands, raised him up, and brought him inside to his dwelling place. When the priest saw his eldest son, Mark, he turned his attention to him, intending to greet him. But he did not accept, saying, “He is not yet worthy of the holy baptism.” When his father saw this, he was amazed and said to him, “Are you not my son?” He said to him, “I am your son. Today I myself have found a good father.” His father said, “Tell me also the manner of the way that is fitting to live.” Mark, his son, said to him, “Behold, our father the bishop himself is the one who will tell you the way to live.” Then the bishop began to speak with him from the holy scripture, and he gave him the ordinance of baptism and the right faith. When the priest heard these things, he said to the bishop, “Blessed am I, my holy father, that I have been worthy to hear these sweet words from your holy mouth. I entreat you, my holy father, to give me the holy baptism as you have given it to my children.” When the bishop understood that the fear of God had moved him and had strengthened his heart,","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'baptism' here is used in a ritual sense, as the priest requests the holy baptism from the bishop, mirroring the earlier initiation of his children.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'right faith' (ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ) likely denotes orthodox Christian belief, as the bishop imparts it alongside the baptismal ordinance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The bishop (ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ) is the central authority figure, instructing the priest from scripture and administering baptism and faith.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the holy scripture' (ⲧⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ) indicates the bishop's teaching is grounded in biblical texts, though no specific verse is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the priest, his son Mark, and the bishop, structured around the priest's recognition of his unworthiness and his request for baptism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨ϯⲟ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna at ▨▨▨ϯⲟ, likely a damaged word; the English draft reads 'I am your son', which is a plausible restoration but uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna ▨▨▨ϯⲟ in the Coptic is restored as part of 'I am your son' in the English draft, but the exact reading is uncertain.","The phrase 'fear of God' (ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) could be interpreted as either awe or terror; the context suggests a positive, transformative fear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","text":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ → “baptism”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ → “faith”. Greek πίστις; 'faithfulness' where the sense is reliability rather than assent."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (belief, faithfulness); this passage takes it as “faith”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":41,"ref":"p41","source":"ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧ[ⲉ] • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲁ[ⲛ] ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲃⲱ[ⲕ] ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲛⲅ̄ ϥⲓⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • [ⲙ ⲡⲕ̄]ⲏⲓ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲕⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏ[ⲥⲓⲁ]• |\n[ⲛ] ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϣⲱ[ⲡⲉ ⲕⲁ]ⲑⲏⲅⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ▨▨▨ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲧⲱϣ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ\nⲇ[ⲉ ⲁϥ]ⲧⲱⲧϥ̄ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲉ • [ⲛⲁⲓ] ⲛⲛⲉϩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥϯ▨▨▨ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲛ̄▨▨ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲉϩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ ⲛ ⲛⲉ[ⲓⲟⲟⲧⲉ]\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ •","english":"Inside. He said, “I will baptize you here, but rise and go into the city, take care of the house, and turn it into a church.” When a great time had passed, they guided them. They said to Paphnutius, “The division of the water.” He then submitted and said again, “Bring me the oil.” He then brought it. The bishop gave it, prayed over the oil according to the canons of the holy fathers the apostles, and said to Mark.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text begins with 'ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ' (inside), continuing the previous passage's setting. The bishop's command to turn the house into a church (ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ) reflects the conversion of domestic space for liturgical use.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is rendered consistently with the pinned glossary. Here the bishop performs a prayer over oil, indicating his liturgical authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ϣⲗⲏⲗ (pray) is used for the bishop's prayer over the oil, following the canons of the holy fathers the apostles. This aligns with the glossary rendering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ (apostle) appears in the phrase 'canons of the holy fathers the apostles', referencing apostolic tradition as normative for liturgical practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the division of the water' (ⲡⲧⲱϣ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ) likely refers to a ritual separation of baptismal water, a practice attested in early Egyptian monastic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae: ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ▨▨▨ⲁⲣⲓ and ⲁϥϯ▨▨▨ⲛϭⲓ. The reading 'Paphnutius' and 'the bishop gave it' is conjectural, based on context and the English draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲧⲱϣ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ' (the division of the water) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific liturgical act or a metaphorical expression. The reading taken follows the English draft as a ritual action.","The lacuna after ⲙ̄ⲡⲟ▨▨▨ⲁⲣⲓ is restored as 'Paphnutius' based on context, but the exact Coptic form is uncertain.","The lacuna after ⲁϥϯ▨▨▨ⲛϭⲓ is restored as 'the bishop gave it' following the English draft, but the subject and object are not fully legible."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":42,"ref":"p42","source":"ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϫ[ⲉ] ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲥⲥⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩ[ⲱ]ϣ ⲡϫⲥ̄ • ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϯ • ⲡⲉⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲩ[ⲣ]ⲟⲧ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • [ⲁ]ϥⲣ̄ ϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲁϥⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ [ⲙ]ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ • ⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣ︤ⲥ︥ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ [ⲕ]ⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ϣⲱϫ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲉ\nⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϫⲓ ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ[ⲧ]ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱ\nⲇⲉ • ⲉ [ⲃⲁⲡ]ϯⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥ[ϫⲟⲟ]ⲥ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲡ[ⲣ]ⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲟ • ▨ⲟ[ⲩⲱϣ ⲉ] ⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ• [ⲙ]ⲙⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃ[ⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ]▨▨▨ⲱⲥ • ⲟⲛ • ⲡ▨▨▨\n▨▨▨ | ▨▨▨▨ⲡⲉⲛϫ︦ⲥ︦• ⲓ︦ⲥ︦• ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • [ⲇⲉ]▨▨ⲏ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥ[ϩⲱⲛ ⲉ] ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥϥⲓ\nⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥ[ⲏⲓ]▨▨▨ⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲕⲁ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ\nϣⲟ[ⲟⲡ ⲛⲁϥ] • ⲁϥⲙⲉϩ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲁⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ▨▨▨\n[ⲁ]ϥⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲃ̄ⲥⲟ ⲛⲥⲓⲛⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲩ ▨▨▨ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉϥ[ϫ]ⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲛⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲡⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ϣⲁ\nⲡⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ [ⲉ] ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲡⲏⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲁⲩⲕⲱ ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛⲟⲩⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ •","english":"The presbyter said, “Proclaim in the church that whoever wishes the Lord, let him come to me, and they will give their woe to his mouth at once, with haste, inside to his mouth, as he baptizes them.” He first baptized the priest, and he baptized him, and he called his name Jacob. Afterwards, all the people of the city, men and women and young children—none of them were left behind—received baptism on that day. When he went to the church, however, and when the bishop opened to baptize them, he said, and he called the man who was there, “I wish to ordain him as presbyter.” Likewise, the Lord Jesus arose and went, according to the way he had commanded, and he took care of his house, going outside with all the things that were his, and he filled it with water and made it ready outside. He crowned himself with linen garments, and the priest sent word to the bishop, saying, “I have taken care of everything according to your command to me. Arise and come into the city.” And the bishop arose, he and his disciples, and they went. When the people of the city heard, they rejoiced together, from the small to the great, and they came out to meet him, and they brought him into the house of the priest, and they placed a throne at his feet.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (presbyter) for the clerical figure who directs the proclamation; the English draft renders 'presbyter' consistently, following the glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) appears as the ordaining authority; the English draft uses 'bishop' throughout, matching the glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ (baptism) is used for the rite received by the city's inhabitants; the English draft renders 'baptism' consistently.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the presbyter's directive to a mass baptism, then to the bishop's ordination of a presbyter, and finally to the city's joyful reception; the Coptic lacunae (marked ▨) obscure the ordination details.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has several lacunae (e.g., ▨ⲟ[ⲩⲱϣ ⲉ] ⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ• [ⲙ]ⲙⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃ[ⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ]▨▨▨ⲱⲥ) that make the ordination sequence uncertain; the English draft supplies a plausible reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ordination of a presbyter by a bishop and the mass baptism of a city reflect late antique Egyptian ecclesiastical practice, as seen in monastic histories.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic lacunae leave unclear whether the presbyter ordains the priest or the bishop ordains the presbyter; the English draft opts for the latter.","The phrase 'they will give their woe to his mouth' is obscure; the English draft interprets it as a baptismal formula."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":43,"ref":"p43","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ [ⲁ ⲡ]ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲑⲏ[ⲅⲉⲓ ⲙ]ⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ▨▨▨[ⲙ]ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲱϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥ[ⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ] ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩ[ⲱ ⲉ] ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ[ⲅⲁⲡⲏ] • ⲉⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲩⲡ[ⲟⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ]\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄▨▨|▨▨ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϩⲟⲡ︦ϥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲇⲓⲱⲕⲉⲓ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ⲁϥⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ϩⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲉϥϩⲏⲡ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ\nⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲩⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲓ ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲁϩ︦ⲃ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲱⲗ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲕⲉⲗⲉⲉⲗⲉ • ⲧⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ\nⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛ\nⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ • ϫⲉ ϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ [ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲱ]ⲧⲡ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙ ⲡ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲟⲛ▨▨ϣⲁ | ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ\nⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲁϥϫ[ⲱ] ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟⲩ • ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲗⲟϭ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ\nⲉ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲉⲛⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓ ⲑⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲥ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲱ\nⲧϩ̄ⲗⲗⲱ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲥⲕⲓⲙ •","english":"And when he had sat down, the multitude gathered at his door. He catechized them in the words of God, instructing them concerning the mystery of holy baptism and to love one another in sincere love, without hypocrisy in their hearts. He informed him that he should hide himself, because the priest was pursuing him. He ordained him as deacon. Then he said to them, “Where are the vessels with which you gather?” They said to him, “They are hidden in a certain place.” He ordered them to bring them quickly. They went immediately, arose, and brought them at once, placing them on their shoulders. And the bishop ordered them to set them down in the middle of the place. He said to Mark the presbyter, “Ring the bells so that the multitude may gather in the church.” And he did as he was told. And the whole multitude gathered. The bishop said to Jacob, “Take care of the wine and choice bread, so that I may gather the…” He remembered… to put outside… until the father who is in the heavens. He ordered them to bring the old woman to him on a mat, because she was unable to walk. They brought her and placed her at the feet of the bishop. The bishop said to her, “Believe, old woman, that God exists.” And she…","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (presbyter) is rendered as 'presbyter' to emphasize clerical order, distinct from 'elder' for seniority. Here it refers to Mark, a specific figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is a fixed rendering for the Greek loanword ἐπίσκοπος, indicating the overseer of the church community in this narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (church) is used here for the building where the multitude gathers, as context indicates a physical assembly place.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article names the Christian God, as in the bishop's exhortation to the old woman.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ordination of a deacon (ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ) and the gathering of vessels for the Eucharist reflect early monastic liturgical practices, common in Egyptian desert communities.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (▨▨▨) in lines describing the bishop's remembrance and the old woman's response, making the full sense uncertain. The English draft fills gaps conjecturally.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the priest' (ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ) pursuing the presbyter is unclear; it may refer to a pagan priest or a rival Christian cleric.","The phrase 'the father who is in the heavens' is fragmentary; it may be a reference to God or a monastic superior."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":44,"ref":"p44","source":"Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥⲁⲡⲉ • ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ\nϣⲁϫⲉ ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲁϣ▨ ϩⲓⲧ︤ⲛ︥ ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲫⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲩⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ\nⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϭⲗⲟϭ • ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛ[ⲟⲩ] ⲁⲩⲃⲱϣ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲛⲙⲣ̄ⲣⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲗⲁⲥ • ⲁⲥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲁⲥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩϥⲓ ϩⲣⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ⲥⲙⲏ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲙⲁ[ⲕ]ⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ▨▨▨▨ⲉⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨ⲉ ⲃⲁⲡϯ[ⲥⲙⲁ]▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲥⲩ▨▨▨▨▨▨\n[ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ] | ⲉϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩ︦ⲃ︦ⲇⲟⲙⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛ̄ⲕⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲥⲁϣϥ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ •","english":"Of her head, she was saying, \"They are outside. For if it is not a matter concerning the head, which was broken by the decision of the bishop who had appointed her to be shorn.\" Then the bishop Apa Macedonius arose and went inside to the cell. He put his finger inside her mouth, and immediately the bonds of her tongue were loosed. She spoke well and gave glory to God. The multitude, when they saw what had happened, cried out aloud with a great voice, saying, \"One is God, the Holy One, Apa Macedonius the bishop, ... God ... baptism ...\"\n\nWhen he had gathered the multitude, he went to the church and sat before them for seven days. He ordained for them presbyters and deacons, and he instructed them concerning the building and the canons of the church. After the seventh day, he went.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is used for both the unnamed bishop who ordered the woman's head shorn and for Apa Macedonius, indicating the title's institutional authority in the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is applied to Macedonius, marking him as a monastic father; the glossary notes it is left untranslated to avoid confusion with biological fatherhood.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (church) here refers to the building where Macedonius gathers the multitude and ordains clergy, reflecting the institutional setting of the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨▨ⲉⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ▨▨▨ ▨▨▨▨▨ⲉ ⲃⲁⲡϯ[ⲥⲙⲁ]▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲥⲩ▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily lacunose in the crowd's acclamation; the English draft supplies 'God' and 'baptism' conjecturally, but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a miracle (loosing the woman's tongue) to a summary of Macedonius's pastoral work (gathering the multitude, ordaining clergy, instructing on church canons), marking a narrative transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The crowd's cry 'One is God, the Holy One' echoes a common liturgical acclamation in Egyptian monastic circles, reinforcing the hagiographic portrayal of Macedonius as a holy man.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text is damaged in the crowd's acclamation; the English draft's reconstruction ('God ... baptism') is plausible but not certain.","The phrase 'ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'she was saying, \"They are outside\"' or be part of a longer speech; the English draft takes the former reading."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":45,"ref":"p45","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϩⲣⲟϣ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲱⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ϭⲙ̄ⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲁ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲟⲟϩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\n[ⲱ ⲡⲁ]ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁⲁⲥ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦ • ▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦• ⲛϭⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲉⲙⲁ\n̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲁϥϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ\nⲡϣⲱⲛⲉ • ϩⲣⲟϣ • ⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϯ ⲉ\nⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ • ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲭⲓⲣ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϣϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲁⲁⲩ • ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲭⲓⲣ • ⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲟ︦ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ\nⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ\nϩⲏⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁⲩⲕⲟ︦ⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ\nⲡⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⁘ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ\nϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲕⲏ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ϫⲉ ϣⲁ ⲧⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲛⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲛ ⲛ ⲟ▨▨ϣⲱⲥ •","english":"...to his place of dwelling. And it happened after some days, his body grew stiff, to his mouth. He had done many things in his days. He called Mark the presbyter and Isaiah the deacon. He said to them, \"Behold, the days of my departure have drawn near. But you, my son Mark, after my completion, God will install you in my place, to sit upon my throne, to tend well the flock of God. [O my] son, according to the way I entrusted to you...\" ...through him, by... ...he became ill, and the illness grew severe upon him more than before, and he did not give way until the eighth day of Mechir. He called his disciples, and he set his hand to all the works that were fitting for them to do. But on the morning of the twenty-eighth of Mechir, he rested in a good old age, the holy bishop Apa Macedonius. And when the people of his city heard, they came out to the place where he was, and they made for him a great mourning, because they loved him greatly. And they buried him according to his worth, and they sealed him outside their dwelling place. And it happened after some days, the place being vacant of a bishop, the entire people gathered together. They said to one another, \"Until when shall we neglect this great matter? Let us seek a shepherd for ourselves...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πρεσβύτερος is rendered 'presbyter' here to mark the clerical order, distinct from 'elder' which would denote seniority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek λαός, 'people', in this liturgical context refers to the laity as distinct from the clergy, consistent with its use in ecclesiastical descriptions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲭⲓⲣ","severity":"info","text":"Mechir is the sixth month of the Coptic calendar, corresponding roughly to February. The eighth and twenty-eighth days anchor the chronology of the bishop's death and burial.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a larger narrative, marked by the presbyter's direct speech to Mark and the subsequent collective speech of the people.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains lacunae (▨▨▨) in lines describing the transmission of authority and the illness, making the precise sequence uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The people's collective action in seeking a shepherd after the bishop's death reflects a common hagiographic motif of communal responsibility for episcopal succession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ' could mean 'to his place of dwelling' or 'to his place of becoming'; the reading 'dwelling' is taken from context.","The lacunae in the transmission of authority and the illness description leave the exact wording and sequence uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ → “people”. Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (laity); this passage takes it as “people”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":46,"ref":"p46","source":"ⲉⲧⲣ︤▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲡⲉⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨|ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲓϣ • ⲛ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ • ⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲣ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩⲧⲉϣ\nⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲙ\nⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉϥⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛⲁⲁϥ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛⲥⲱⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ","english":"...to his place of dwelling. And it happened after some days, his body grew stiff, to his mouth. He had done many things in his days. He called Mark the presbyter and Isaiah the deacon. He said to them, \"Behold, the days\n\n...and another one, that is, Mish, of the deacons, they were three days speaking with each other in this manner, and they did nothing. Then the great presbyter of the church arose and stood up. He said to the crowd, \"I will speak a word to you, this word which is worthy to be spoken, if you will listen to me.\" They said...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ, from Greek πρεσβύτερος, is rendered 'presbyter' here to mark the clerical order, as distinct from 'elder' which would denote seniority alone.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (Greek ἐκκλησία) is translated 'church', encompassing the building, congregation, or institution; here the context suggests the local congregation or assembly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a deathbed scene (previous passage) to a dialogue: the presbyter addresses a crowd after three days of fruitless discussion among deacons, marking a structural pivot toward a teaching speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily lacunose at the start of this passage; the phrase 'ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲓϣ' is uncertain—'Mish' may be a personal name or a corruption. The English draft supplies 'another one, that is, Mish' as a tentative reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a presbyter rising to address a crowd after a period of inaction echoes monastic leadership patterns in the Apophthegmata Patrum, where a senior figure resolves communal dispute by a brief, authoritative word.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Anonymous 2023"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Mish' (ⲙⲓϣ) is unclear—possibly a proper name or a scribal error; the lacunae prevent certainty about the preceding clause.","The phrase 'ⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ' could mean 'the great presbyter' or 'the elder of the presbyters'; the translation opts for 'great presbyter' as a title of respect."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":47,"ref":"p47","source":"ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲙ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϫⲓϥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲡⲣⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁϥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲛⲥⲉⲛⲉϫ ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟϥ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲱ • ⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲃ︦ • ϩⲱⲱϥ\nⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁ▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁϫⲟⲟϥ • ⲁ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ϫⲉ ⲁϫⲓϥ\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲱⲙ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨| ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲥⲉϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ\nⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲩϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁⲩϫⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ ϯⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲁⲛ ⲛ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ ϯ ⲙⲓⲛⲉ\nⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲉϥⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲟϩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ ⲛϥ̄ⲙ̇ⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲉⲡⲓⲥϯⲙⲉⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲇⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ [ⲁ]ⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲇⲉ ⲛϫⲛⲁϩ • ⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣ[ⲭ]ⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ [ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ] [ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲉⲓ]ⲟⲥ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ •","english":"...to him of the majority of the people, saying, \"Speak it to us. If it is fitting, we will do it.\" He himself said to them, \"Let us choose men from among us, according to the manner of Stephen and his companions, and let us cast lots. The one upon whom the lot falls, we will take him and ordain him as bishop.\" And it happened when the presbyter finished speaking, the archdeacon also answered. He said, \"I have... to say it...\" ...they said, \"They are his children.\" The archdeacon said, \"Behold, they are now the heirs. And you did not inquire after them.\" When he said this, they remembered Mark and Isaiah. The whole people answered, \"The word of the archdeacon is what shall be.\" And immediately they sent and brought them from the place where they were. They sat in the church and spoke the word to Mark the presbyter. He himself said to them, \"Leave me alone, my fathers. I am not worthy of such a matter. Look to another who will take care of the flock of Christ.\" But the whole people loved Mark because of his honor and his wisdom, for he had been well educated by his father, the bishop Apa Makedonios. They took him by force and wrote to the holy archbishop Apa Athanasios concerning him.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'archdeacon' (Greek ἀρχιδιάκονος) denotes a senior deacon, often the chief administrative assistant to a bishop. Here the archdeacon intervenes in the episcopal election, asserting authority over the process.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The casting of lots to choose a bishop, modeled on the election of Stephen in Acts 6:1–6, reflects early Christian practice. The reference to Stephen and his companions (Acts 6:5) grounds the procedure in apostolic precedent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Stephen and his companions' alludes to Acts 6:5, where the apostles appointed seven men, including Stephen, by prayer and laying on of hands. The lot-casting here adapts that model for episcopal selection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within the larger narrative: the people propose a method, the archdeacon counters, the people agree, and Mark is chosen. The exchange moves from collective deliberation to enforced ordination, highlighting communal and clerical tensions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Apa Athanasios, the archbishop, anchors the story in the 4th-century Alexandrian church. Athanasios (c. 296–373) was a central figure in Coptic tradition, and his approval legitimizes the election narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has several lacunae (marked ▨), especially in the archdeacon's speech and the people's response. The English draft fills these gaps conjecturally; the exact wording of the archdeacon's objection and the people's reply is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉ' (they are his children) is ambiguous: it could refer to Mark and Isaiah as the spiritual children of the deceased bishop, or to biological heirs. The context of inheritance (ⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ) suggests the latter, but the text does not clarify.","The identity of 'the presbyter' who finishes speaking is unclear: it may be the 'great presbyter' from the previous passage, or Mark himself. The English draft assumes Mark is the presbyter addressed later, but the Coptic allows other readings."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":48,"ref":"p48","source":"▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨[ⲁ]ⲩⲱ▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨|ⲁⲩⲥϭⲏⲣ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲛϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲛϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲙⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥϭⲣⲁϩⲧ̄ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ\nⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲣϥ̄ⲣϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲉⲥⲩⲭⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙ ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ •","english":"...and they went with him to Rakote. When they entered the city, they inquired after the patriarch. They did not find him on that day in the church, because he is a holy man who greatly loved his solitude. But some God-fearing men told us that he was living in seclusion in a small monastery on the west side.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ can denote the building, the congregation, or the institution; here it refers to the physical church building where the patriarch was not found.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The adjective ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ (holy) is used attributively of the patriarch, describing his character; it does not here function as a noun meaning 'saint'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the Coptic name for Alexandria, the patriarchal see of Egypt. The journey to the city situates the narrative in the ecclesiastical capital.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ (patriarch) refers to the bishop of Alexandria, the highest ecclesiastical authority in Egypt. His absence from the church and preference for solitude reflect a monastic ideal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱ▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the start of the passage is lacunose (ⲁⲩⲱ▨▨▨▨), and the reading of the following verb is uncertain. The English draft supplies 'they went with him' as a plausible restoration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This narrative passage continues the account of the episcopal election process from the previous passage, shifting focus to the search for the patriarch and his ascetic withdrawal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text is damaged at the beginning; the exact verb for 'they went' is not fully preserved.","The phrase ⲉϥⲙⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥϭⲣⲁϩⲧ̄ is obscure; the English draft interprets it as 'he greatly loved his solitude', but the Coptic may allow alternative readings."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":49,"ref":"p49","source":"ⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲡⲱϩ • ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϥ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲁϥⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲕⲱⲛ • ⲁⲛϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲧ\nⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ• ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ• ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲛ̄• ⲉ ϩⲟⲩ[ⲛ]\nⲁⲛⲡⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧ̄ⲉ • ⲉⲩ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲁ[ⲑⲁⲛ]ⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲓⲧ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲡ︦︦ⲛ︦[ⲁ︦]▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ• ⲙ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ϩⲁⲧⲛ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨ⲉ • | ▨▨▨ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲣ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱⲕ ⲛ ⲧⲉϣⲧⲏⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϭⲟⲟⲗⲕ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟϣ︦ϥ︦ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲱ̄\nⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ • ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲱ\nⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ϫⲉ\n[ⲁ]ⲕⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ [ⲙ]ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ [ⲛ]ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟ[ⲛⲟ]ⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲓⲧ︦ⲛ︦ •","english":"...of the city. They entreated one of them to take them to his door, for they did not know the place. When they arrived at the monastery where he was, a deacon came out. They told him the matter for which they had come. He went in, informed the archbishop, and sent him out. He took them inside. They prostrated themselves on the ground and kissed his holy feet. The holy archbishop, Apa Athanasius, had been informed by the ... days ... near ... He answered, the holy Athanasius said to Mark, \"You have done well, my son, at the time when they placed the tunic on you and covered you with the phelonion. This is the day that was appointed for you, O priest who is worthy.\" Mark marveled, however, at the word he had spoken to him, that he had known the vision, for he had not told any man about it, except Apa Macedonius the bishop and his brother Isaiah. Mark said, \"You are truly a saint of God, O my lord, blessed father.\" The archbishop said, \"You yourself, above all, have been a disciple at the feet of a bishop and a holy man who is holy.\" After they had spoken, he gave orders to a deacon to take them.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (archbishop) here refers to the patriarch of Alexandria, Athanasius, consistent with Coptic usage where it designates the see's head.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (presbyter) is used for Mark, indicating his clerical order; the English draft renders it 'priest', but the Coptic term retains the Greek-derived sense of a senior ordained minister.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is applied to Athanasius, reflecting its use as a monastic honorific for a father figure, distinct from biological fatherhood.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to the tunic and phelonion (ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ) alludes to the vesting of a presbyter, a rite marking ordination; this aligns with early monastic ordination practices in Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains lacunae (marked ▨) after ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ, obscuring the means by which Athanasius learned of Mark's vision; the English draft supplies a conjectural reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between Athanasius and Mark, framed by the visitors' prostration and the archbishop's subsequent command to a deacon, typical of monastic hagiographic narrative patterns.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae after ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ leave unclear how Athanasius learned of Mark's vision; the English draft supplies a conjectural reading.","The phrase ⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ (blessed) may be a scribal variant or epithet; its exact referent is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":50,"ref":"p50","source":"ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲑⲟ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲛ • [ⲁⲩ]ⲱ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨[ⲛ] ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩ[ⲉ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ]▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲧⲣⲉⲩ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲛ ⲉϩⲙⲓⲧ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲥ̄ⲭⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉ • ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲥⲕⲩⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲉⲓ • ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ •","english":"...they were in a place of their own. And he gave orders... When morning came... they also came, some archons from the side of the Hermit, wishing to receive a blessing from him. The deacon came in and informed them about him. He said, \"He is not at leisure.\" He said to one of them, \"Trouble yourselves and withdraw.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'bless' here, as the archons seek a blessing from the holy man. Per the glossary, the object determines the sense: God is praised, a person is blessed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ is consistently rendered 'deacon' in this edition, following the glossary's fixed rendering for liturgical office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ (archon) refers to local civic or imperial officials, indicating that the holy man's reputation attracted figures of secular authority seeking a blessing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ ⲥ̄ⲭⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛ ⲥ̄ⲭⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉ (from Greek σχολάζω) is ambiguous: it can mean 'he is not at leisure' or 'he is not available'. The English draft takes the former, but the sense of unavailability is clear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the dialogue pattern, with the deacon acting as intermediary between the archons and the holy man, and the holy man's refusal delivered indirectly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has lacunae (marked ▨▨▨) that obscure the exact sequence of events between the archbishop's blessing and the archons' arrival.","The phrase ⲛ ⲥ̄ⲭⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉ could be read as a statement of fact ('he is not at leisure') or a polite refusal ('he is not available')."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ → “bless”. The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ carries more than one sense (praise); this passage takes it as “bless”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":51,"ref":"p51","source":"ϣⲁ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉ\nⲛⲁ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲣⲏⲥ ⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲏⲛⲁ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲟⲛ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛϯ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲯⲩⲫⲓⲥⲙⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟϣⲥ̄ • ⲁϥⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ϯⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ\nⲥⲟⲣ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲙⲁⲓ\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ • ⲛ ⲁϣ • ⲛ ϩⲉ • ⲁⲛⲧⲁ▨▨ⲉⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ(sic)• ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲙⲁⲅⲉ[ⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ]▨▨▨ⲛ̄ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ︦▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨ⲁⲃ• ⲡⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲭⲏ | ⲁⲛⲕⲱⲧ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲥ • ⲱⲛⲧⲱⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲡⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲱ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛ ⲧ︦ⲥ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲁϥⲕⲱⲧ\nϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥϫⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ ⲧ︤ⲥ︦ⲛ︥ⲧⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲕⲱⲧ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥϫⲱⲕ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ϯ • ⲡⲗⲱⲃ︤ϣ︥ • ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ\nϩⲱⲱⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︤ⲛ︥ • ⲡⲱⲧ︤ⲛ︥ • ⲡⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϩⲟⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲟⲛ̄\nϫⲣⲟⲡ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϫⲓϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲉ︦ⲃ︦ⲧ︦\nⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏⲥ • ⲛ ⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲉϥⲣ ϭⲣⲱϩ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ϣⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛⲥⲉⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ\nϯ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲕ •","english":"Until morning came outside, for they were waiting, some brothers who were from the place of the south. And when he informed them, they went, saying, \"Pray for us, you yourselves, that we may go and pray in the monastery of Apa Mena, and that we may return to you.\" As for us, we gave him the psephisma, and when he read it, he rejoiced greatly. And he said to us, \"I rejoice now over the sheep that are scattered, which are in your city, that God, the lover of humanity, may turn them to repentance.\" He also informed them about the canons of the church, and that they should read in whatever manner. We brought forth the example of our father Apa Magedonios, and when he heard, he built upon it. Truly, my children, not only did our holy father build the church, but he built until he completed it outside the church. But he built until he completed it, and he gave the blessing to you. As for you yourselves, it is your duty to preserve what he has honored, that is, you. When he finished speaking with us, Mark the presbyter said, \"There is a word that also concerns me, and I wish to inform you of it, my holy father.\" The archbishop said, \"Speak it.\" Mark said, \"There is a nation to the west of the monastery, and in the south of the city, they call it Anouba, which is very dry. For it happens that they call it 'the one who eats bread'.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Mark is identified as a presbyter, a clerical order distinct from the monastic elder. The glossary renders this as 'presbyter' to preserve the technical sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archbishop is the patriarch of Alexandria in the Coptic tradition. The glossary mandates 'archbishop' as a neutral rendering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (Greek ἔθνος) here refers to a nation or people group, not the Gentiles as a religious category. The glossary allows this sense in the singular.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Anouba is a toponym for a region or settlement west of the monastery and south of the city, described as very dry. The name may derive from Egyptian or Nubian roots.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲧⲁ▨▨ⲉⲑⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged here; the reading 'we brought forth the example' is conjectural. The lacunae obscure the precise verb and object.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is an address by the archbishop to the brothers, marked by direct speech and a shift to second-person plural exhortation. The structural classification 'address' is confirmed by the Coptic imperatives and vocatives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁⲛⲧⲁ▨▨ⲉⲑⲉ' is partially illegible; the translation 'we brought forth the example' is a reconstruction based on context.","The name 'ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲅⲉ[ⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ]' is partially restored; the lacunae may affect the exact form of the name.","The clause 'ϯ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲕ' (the one who eats bread) is ambiguous: it may be a nickname for the nation or a description of a local custom."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ → “nation”. Greek ἔθνος. In the plural, the Gentiles as a category over against Israel; in the singular, a nation like any other."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (Gentile, people); this passage takes it as “nation”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":52,"ref":"p52","source":"ⲛⲁⲛ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲕⲓⲙ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ϯ • ⲛⲁⲩ▨▨ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲑⲛⲟ[ⲥ]▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲧⲟⲟ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨ |ϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲧⲱϩ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲙⲏ\nⲙⲡⲉ ⲕⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲙⲏ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ\nⲛ̄ⲕⲉϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉ ⲉϩⲉ • ⲡⲁ ⲛⲕⲉϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ","english":"My thought moves within me, to give them not sleep, for what nation? God... find, seek, that I might open for you. Have you not heard the apostle saying, \"Is God only for the Jews, and not for the other nations? Rather, he is for the other nations as well, because God is one.\" He said to Abraham, \"Behold.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The plural ⲛ̄ⲕⲉϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (the other nations) echoes the Greek ἔθνη, here meaning Gentiles as distinct from Jews, a standard Pauline contrast.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The apostle’s saying, 'Is God only for the Jews, and not for the other nations? … because God is one,' is not a direct New Testament verse but a paraphrase of Paul’s argument in Romans 3:29–30 that God is God of all nations, not only of Jews.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Abraham (ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ) invokes the patriarch as the first recipient of God’s covenant, often cited in early Christian polemic to argue that God’s promises extend beyond Israel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ (thought, reasoning) is a loan from Greek λογισμός; the phrase 'my thought moves within me' may reflect a monastic topos of internal struggle, but the lacunae obscure the full context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae after ⲟⲩϩⲉⲑⲛⲟ[ⲥ] and ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ make the exact syntax uncertain; the English draft supplies 'for what nation? God…' but the Coptic may have a different clause structure.","The phrase 'to give them not sleep' (ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ϯ ⲛⲁⲩ▨▨ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲑⲛⲟ[ⲥ]) is partly reconstructed; the intended object of 'give' is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":53,"ref":"p53","source":"ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲓⲕⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ ⲛϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲣⲛⲓⲗⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ\nϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ • ⲡⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲉⲓⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟⲣⲟⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲉⲡ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ϥϫⲁϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲏ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲁⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲧⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲕϫⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲣ • ⲙⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲱ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲡⲗⲏⲣⲟⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲛⲁⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ϫⲓⲛ▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨| ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲕ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲕⲟ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ϣⲁ\nⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲕⲱϣ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲭⲁⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲁⲛ ⲉ ϫⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲟⲉⲓⲕ ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲣ ⲛⲧⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲃ︦ • ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩⲟⲣ • ϣⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲛⲉⲥⲣⲓⲥⲣⲓϥⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲧⲉⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ • ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲩϫⲓⲥⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛ︦ⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲥⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ • ⲛ ⲁϣ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ (sic)\nⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲧⲉ ⲧⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲧ︦ⲣ︦ⲟⲩⲁϣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥⲗⲟ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ\nⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲟⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛ ⲕⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ • ⲉ ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ •","english":"Behold, I have placed you, O father, among many nations. And again he said, Cornelius in the Acts, \"He is a Gentile,\" because God is one. God sent to his door the great apostle Peter, and he baptized him, and he raised him up from the vision, so that no man might say that he is defiled or unclean. You take how many testimonies to your door, O Mark, my son, that they might convince you from the holy scriptures. Mark said, \"I have sought, and I have... opened for me... from...\" The archbishop said to him, \"Is it not that you are ignorant of these things until now? Have you not labored in the Gospels, that our Savior said, 'What of the Canaanite woman?'\" He said, \"It is not good to take the bread of the children and throw it to the dogs. But she answered, saying, 'Lord, even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from the table of their masters.' See how our Savior praised her apology. In what manner did he speak to her? He said, 'O woman, your faith is great. Let it be as you wish.' And her son was healed from that very hour because of this word alone.\" Again the archbishop said, \"I will tell you another parable that I heard from them.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'archbishop' here refers to the patriarch of Alexandria, a standard usage in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἔθνος; in the plural it denotes Gentiles, as in the Cornelius episode, while in the singular it means a nation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲣⲛⲓⲗⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Cornelius in Acts (10:1–48) illustrates that God is for all nations, not only Jews.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲭⲁⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Canaanite woman episode (Matthew 15:21–28) is cited to argue for inclusion of Gentiles; the archbishop interprets Jesus' response as praise of her faith.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The archbishop promises another 'parable' (παραβολή), a teaching story common in monastic instruction, likely drawn from the sayings of the desert fathers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily damaged (lacunae marked by ▨), making Mark's reply and the transition to the archbishop's next speech uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲟⲩⲕ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲕⲟ' is ambiguous: it may be read as 'Is it not that you are ignorant?' or as a rhetorical question expecting affirmation.","The identity of 'ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ' is not specified; it could be the narrator Paphnutius or another figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."}]},{"i":54,"ref":"p54","source":"ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨ⲣⲓⲕⲉ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲛⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲥⲉ ⲛⲁ-]|ⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲃ • ⲁⲛ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙⲉ▨▨▨ϩⲱⲡ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲛ\n[ⲡ]ⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲓⲁⲕⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲉⲧ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲟⲩⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛϥ̄ⲭⲁⲗⲓⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁⲥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲉϥⲁⲡⲁⲧⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉϥϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ •","english":"...our fathers the monks who are in [lacuna]... [lacuna]... not his work, what he does, but [lacuna]... not what he does.\n\nJames also said in his Catholic Epistle: He who says, \"I am a servant,\" does not restrain his tongue, but he deceives his heart. This is empty service. Said the other one.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲓⲁⲕⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a lacunose narrative to a direct quotation attributed to James in his Catholic Epistle, marking a structural transition to scriptural citation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲁⲕⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The quotation attributed to James in his Catholic Epistle echoes themes of self-deception and empty service, possibly alluding to James 1:26 or similar admonitions against hypocrisy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲟⲩⲣϥ̄ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (ourefshmshe) means 'a servant' or 'one who serves,' here used in a self-designation that the text critiques as potentially deceptive.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The opening line contains a lacuna after ϩⲛ̄, obscuring the location or context of 'our fathers the monks.' The English draft marks this with '[lacuna]'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The closing phrase 'Said the other one' suggests a dialogic or testimonial format common in monastic literature, where multiple speakers or authorities are cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ϩⲛ̄ leaves the location of the monks unspecified; the reading assumes a place name or descriptor is missing.","The phrase ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ('Said the other one') is ambiguous as to whether it introduces a new speaker or concludes the previous quotation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":55,"ref":"p55","source":"ϩⲱⲱϥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲃ • ϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲇⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟ̄ⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ • ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁϯ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲁϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲙⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ\nϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲙ ⲡϫⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁϫⲛ̄ ⲱϫⲛ̄ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏ[ⲧⲉ] ⲥⲉⲡⲗⲏⲣⲟⲫⲟⲣⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ϩⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ • ⲙⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ\nⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ϣⲧⲁⲙ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲟ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ\nⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲑⲏⲡ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ϭⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲑⲏⲡ • ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲟⲛ • ϩⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲣⲱ ⲛ ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲁ[ⲛ] ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓϩⲱⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ\nⲥⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲫⲟⲩ • ⲡⲕⲱϩ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nϥⲛⲁ[ⲧⲁ]ⲙⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲃⲱⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ▨▨▨ | ▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲇⲉ • ⲁ\nⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ϯ ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ▨[ⲫⲟⲩ ⲡⲕ]ⲱϩ[ⲧ ⲉ] ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲉϥⲁⲣⲓⲥⲕⲉ ⲛⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲟ︤ⲛ︦ⲧ︥ • ⲁ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲕⲁⲛⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲉ︦ⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ\nⲇⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϫⲱⲣ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ϫⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲃ︦ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ϭⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲓⲕⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ •","english":"...also, that his work is good. The holy psalmist David says, \"I will give my prayers before all who fear the Lord.\" And again the apostle says, \"Prayer without ceasing.\" Behold, they convince us from the Scriptures in many places concerning prayer.\n\nThe other brother who was there also said, \"Our Savior taught us, 'When you pray, go into your inner chamber, shut your door, and pray to your Father who is hidden, and your Father who looks at you from the hidden place will answer you.'\"\n\nThe other one likewise said, \"I do not believe in this matter.\" The other brother said to him, \"Let us ask Apa Phou the Fire, and he will tell us the solution to our inquiry.\" ...they... the brothers gave him a name, calling him \"Phou the Fire\" because he did not please any man in what was established.\n\nThe two brothers arose and fled to him, and they called according to the rule of the brothers. He came out, took them inside to his cell. They prayed, sat down together, and he said to them, \"You have come well, brothers from the mountain.\" They said to him, \"Forgive us, our holy father.\" But one of them was silent to the other, speaking. The one who was patient answered the brother.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is retained as a form of address for a monastic father, distinct from the biological sense of 'father' (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) used elsewhere in the passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ","severity":"info","text":"The citation of 'the holy psalmist David' (ⲡⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲇⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ) likely refers to a psalm verse, but the exact reference is unclear due to textual corruption.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the apostle says, Prayer without ceasing' echoes New Testament exhortations to constant prayer, possibly alluding to 1 Thessalonians 5:17 or similar passages.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲱϩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'Phou the Fire' (ⲫⲟⲩ ⲡⲕⲱϩⲧ) is explained as given because he did not please any man in what was established, suggesting a reputation for strictness or ascetic fervor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue among brothers, with alternating speakers introduced by formulas such as ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛϭⲓ (he said) and ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ (they said to him), typical of monastic question-and-answer literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains lacunae and uncertain readings, especially near the end of the passage (e.g., ⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ▨▨▨▨), making the exact sequence of events and the resolution of the brothers' inquiry unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'other brother' and the 'other one' is not specified; the dialogue participants are not named until the introduction of Apa Phou.","The exact psalm verse cited by David is not identifiable due to textual corruption.","The phrase 'the one who was patient answered the brother' is ambiguous; it may refer to Apa Phou or another brother."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":56,"ref":"p56","source":"ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϯⲧⲱⲛ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ\nⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲟⲩϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲡⲉ ϯⲧⲱⲛ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲩⲣ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛⲥⲃⲱⲗ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ • ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧ︤ⲛ︥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ\nⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲓ\nⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲉⲩⲛ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ •","english":"...that he should perform his labors openly. He informed him about the pride that was in their midst. The old man answered, \"Leave me, brothers. Pride is a hardship in the Scriptures, for it binds in one place and loosens in another. Nevertheless, I will tell you a word that belongs to this world. It happened one year before my ascension that all the fields received water, but there were only a few men, two...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ (politeia) here denotes ascetic labors or monastic discipline, a common usage in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲧⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ϯⲧⲱⲛ (from Greek δαιτῶν?) is rendered as 'pride' in the English draft; the Coptic context suggests a vice that binds and loosens, possibly a moral failing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the Scriptures' (ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ) echoes the previous passage's scriptural citations, but no specific verse is quoted here; the reference is generic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'one year before my ascension' (ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ) likely refers to the old man's death or withdrawal, a common monastic trope for a final narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱϣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱϣⲉ (the fields) reflects an agricultural setting typical of Egyptian monastic communities, where irrigation was a practical concern.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲩⲛ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲩⲛ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'there were a few men, two' or 'there were few men, but two'; the English draft opts for the former.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic 'ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲩⲛ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ' is ambiguous: it could mean 'there were a few men, two' or 'there were few men, but two'; the English draft reads it as the former.","The term 'ϯⲧⲱⲛ' is not clearly attested; its meaning as 'pride' is inferred from context and the English draft."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":57,"ref":"p57","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩ[ⲏ]ⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ\nϯ[ⲛ]ⲁⲡⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ [ϯ]ⲛⲁⲉϣϫⲱ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲓⲏ▨▨| ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲙⲟⲩ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲕⲟ • ϩ[ⲓ]▨▨▨ⲡ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲛⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲓ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲛⲁⲣϣⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥϫⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲥⲟⲩⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲁⲣϣⲓⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲉⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϭⲣⲟⲟϭ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϯϩⲉ • ⲡϩⲉⲃⲱⲛ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥϭ︦ⲙ︦ϭ︦ⲟ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ\nⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ • ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϫⲱ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ ⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ\nϯⲧⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϫⲱ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ϭⲣⲟⲟϭ ⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ϩⲟⲗⲱⲥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ϥⲛⲁⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ\nϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣ︤ϥ︥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲡⲁϩⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ϥϯⲧⲱⲛ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦\nϫⲡⲓⲟ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦︦︦ϥ︦• | Ⲉ▨▨\nϯϩ▨▨▨ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲕϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲟⲩϩⲏⲩ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲛ ϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ •","english":"...in a single house. One of them said, \"I will go out to the field to see if I can find a few vegetables. Perhaps we will die of hunger and thirst.\" The other said, \"I will not go, for all the fields have received no water because they will not be irrigated.\" And the one who had spoken went out to his companion. He took a few wheat, a few figs, a few lentils, a few beans, and the rest of the vegetables, accordingly. The ebony tree, however, took root in the ground. Now then, my brothers, which of them is the one who will live? The one who took a few things, or the one who took nothing at all? The one who gives answer said, \"The one who took a few vegetables.\" The holy man said to him, \"You have judged rightly, my son. For even the one who performs, in general, a few commandments will live more than the one who has performed nothing at all.\" Immediately the brother who was there prostrated himself before the one who gave answer, when he heard him say, \"Forgive me... and this... his hand... in the two... Now then, my son Mark, let me tell you about the nation you spoke of to me, concerning which... It is a road to you, concerning love, more than to her, that they might come to you, for there is no love in your heart.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἀγάπη appears here in a moral sense ('love'), not the technical liturgical meal. The context contrasts love with its absence in the heart.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἔθνος is used in the singular ('nation'), referring to a specific people group mentioned earlier in the dialogue, not the Gentiles as a category.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲉⲃⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'ebony tree' (ⲡϩⲉⲃⲱⲛ) is a tropical hardwood, likely imported from sub-Saharan Africa, symbolizing something that takes root and endures, contrasting with the perishable vegetables.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a parable about two monks gathering provisions to a direct address to 'my son Mark', framing the preceding story as a moral lesson about commandments and love.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (marked ▨) in lines describing the brother's prostration and the final exhortation, making the exact wording of the plea for forgiveness and the conclusion uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The naming of 'Mark' as the interlocutor may reflect a later editorial addition linking the narrative to a known disciple or scribe, common in monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the nation' (ⲡϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ) is not specified in the surviving text; it may refer to a group mentioned earlier in the lost portion.","The lacunae obscure the exact phrasing of the brother's prostration and the final statement about love."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":58,"ref":"p58","source":"ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲡϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϩⲁⲡⲥ̄ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓϫⲱ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲁⲓϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲃⲓⲗⲃⲓⲗⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲁϩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲁⲕⲟϥ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥ • Ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϥⲓ","english":"...outwardly, because love, as it were, outwardly over a multitude of sins, that nation there, it is fitting that he believe in God. After a time, because of this, I have said to you all these things, that I have found you like a pearl in the mud, according to the way that Isaiah said, \"Do not destroy it, for there is a blessing of the Lord within it.\" And when the holy archbishop Apa Athanasius said these things, he said to his deacon, \"Take","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ἀγάπη here likely refers to the communal love or charity that binds the monastic community, not the liturgical meal (agape), as the context is moral exhortation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The citation of Isaiah (ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ) with the phrase 'Do not destroy it, for there is a blessing of the Lord within it' is not a direct biblical verse but a paraphrase or allusion, possibly to Isa 66:3 or a lost Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Athanasios is the archbishop of Alexandria, a key figure in Coptic tradition. His title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ reflects the patriarch's authority, and his words carry doctrinal weight in this monastic narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'I have found you like a pearl in the mud' is a simile that frames the deacon as a hidden treasure, a common monastic trope emphasizing spiritual worth despite humble appearance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'that nation there' (ⲡϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific ethnic group or to the Gentiles in a biblical sense. The context does not clarify, so the reading remains uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ' ('that nation there') is ambiguous; it could refer to a specific nation or to the Gentiles, but the context does not resolve it.","The Isaiah citation is not verbatim from the Septuagint or Coptic Bible; it may be a loose paraphrase or a lost tradition.","The Coptic 'ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ' at the start is fragmentary; the English draft supplies 'outwardly', but the exact sense is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":59,"ref":"p59","source":"ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ [ⲁ]ϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡ[ⲙ]ⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲁϥⲭⲓ[ⲣⲟ]ⲇⲱⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ [ⲉ ⲡ]ⲙⲁ • ⲉⲛⲉϥⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ [ⲙ ⲡⲉϥ]ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙ[ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉ]ⲣⲏⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛϫⲓ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϯϩⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲉϩ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥϯ • ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲕⲏ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ︦ⲣ︦\nⲡⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲁϥⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡ[ⲉϥ]ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ϣⲁ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲧⲁⲗⲉ ϭⲓϫ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲟⲛ • ⲛ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲡⲟϣⲛⲉϥ • ⲛ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲏϣ • ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉⲩⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ ⲛ ⲧⲉϣⲧⲏⲛ • ⲁⲩϭⲟⲟⲗϥ̄ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲡⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲙⲉⲛ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲟϫⲕ̄ • ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲟⲛ • ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲛ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϫⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲥⲟⲧ[ⲙⲟⲩ]▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡ[ⲟⲥ]▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧ[ⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ] ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲉⲓ• ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ\nⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲉⲓ •","english":"The care of the offering: that we might give the hand of fellowship to the bishop. And this is the manner in which he arose. He took the hand of Mark, brought him inside to the church, while the whole multitude walked with him. He gave him the hand of fellowship, came out, and went to his own place. And he said to his deacon, \"Let us eat bread together.\" And this is the manner in which we were worthy to receive the blessing of his holy fatherhood. We spent three days with him, doing according to that manner. On the fourth day, however, he gave us the document of the episcopate. He placed it outside the door. He sent his deacon to Apa Mark the bishop. He brought him inside to his door and said to him, \"If you go south to your district, lay your hand first upon your brother, then appoint deacons, afterwards presbyters, because he himself is bound by an economy outside, for they have placed the stole upon him, they have clothed him with the phelonion. And as for you, they have cast you out while you are seeking your father and your brother. He himself also, they have cast him out while you are seeking him. Because of this, after you have completed it, he himself will sit in your place.\" Now when he heard this... the archbishop... this is the manner. And this is the manner in which we came out from his hand. We went to Alexandria. We embarked upon a small boat and came.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (presbyter) in the context of clerical appointment, so 'presbyter' is the appropriate rendering here, not 'elder'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ appears twice in this passage, referring to the office of deacon in a liturgical context, so 'deacon' is the correct rendering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ (bless) is used here in the phrase 'receive the blessing of his holy fatherhood', where the object is a person (the bishop), so 'bless' is correct.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The 'stole' (ⲧⲉϣⲧⲏⲛ) and 'phelonion' (ⲧⲉⲡⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ) are liturgical vestments, indicating the investiture of a bishop. This reflects the formal ecclesiastical hierarchy in Coptic monasticism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a dialogue within a narrative, with the bishop giving instructions to his deacon and then to Mark. The repeated phrase 'ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ' (this is the manner) marks narrative transitions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (marked by ▨) in the section about the archbishop, making the exact wording uncertain. The English draft supplies 'archbishop' but the Coptic is partially missing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ' (we might give the hand of fellowship) could also be read as 'we might ordain' (from χειροτονέω), but the context of the bishop's action suggests a gesture of fellowship rather than ordination.","The lacuna after 'ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡ[ⲟⲥ]' leaves unclear whether the archbishop is speaking or being referred to; the English draft assumes a speech, but the Coptic is fragmentary."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":60,"ref":"p60","source":"ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲉϣⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲭⲓⲥⲥⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛϫⲟⲓ ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲧⲟⲩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲛϩⲉ ⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲣ ϩⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲁⲛϯⲛⲱⲟⲩ • ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲥⲟⲩⲟ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲛⲧⲟϣ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲡⲉⲓ\nⲇⲏ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲁⲧⲟϣ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲩⲕⲁⲓⲣⲓⲁ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲣ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲇⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ⲛϩⲉ ⲉⲩϫⲟⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲏⲩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲟϣ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲩ (sic) • ϫⲉ ϩⲣⲟϣ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲕⲁⲓⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲏⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • Ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩϫⲟⲓ • ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ • ⲉϥⲏⲡ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲟⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲩ • ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲉⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉϩⲏⲧ\nϣⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲡⲣⲓϫ • ▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨Ⲓ ⲕⲟⲟⲃⲉϥ • ⲛϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲟⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲧⲉⲩⲁⲡⲟⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ\nⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲉⲉϥ • ⲙ\nⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲧⲁⲗⲟⲛ • ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲏ︦ⲧ︦ⲛ︦\nⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲏⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲉⲉϥ • ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲙ̄ ⲧⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲥⲡⲉ •","english":"...outside, to a place called Schissa. And a multitude of boats were moored in that place. We all departed together in the same manner, as one who would flee, because we had left the city outside, since they were bringing grain from that district. And now, may God grant us a good opportunity. After we had spent a few days in that place with the brothers and the bishop, they were saying, \"Why did the boats not come in all these winds? He will go to our district.\" The bishop said to them, \"Be diligent. God will send us the opportunity, and we will go to our home in peace.\"\n\nOn the following night, a boat moored, hidden, heading to the city of Souan, a place not far from his city. This one had brought his cargo toward the city... ...the rulers boarded it with their wives and their children, and all their equipment, and their servants. They came to Rakote. When morning came, the brothers who were traveling with the bishop looked, and when they saw the boat, they realized that it had moored that night. Immediately one of the brothers went and spoke with the captain of the boat, saying, \"Will you take us with you where you are going south?\" The captain said to him, \"Where are you from? For I see your speech...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ('in peace') is a liturgical formula, not a comment on civil order, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ with the definite article names God in Christian texts, as here in the bishop's speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲭⲓⲥⲥⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The place name Schissa (ⲥⲭⲓⲥⲥⲁ) is likely a toponym in the Egyptian countryside, possibly a harbor or landing point for grain transport.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the Coptic name for Alexandria, a major urban center and patriarchate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (▨▨▨) after ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ and before ⲡⲣⲓϫ, obscuring the destination and the cargo's fate. The English draft supplies 'city of Souan' from context, but the Coptic is fragmentary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative of the monks' journey, with a shift from collective travel to a boat negotiation scene, marked by direct speech between a brother and a captain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact location of Schissa is uncertain; the lacunae obscure the destination of the boat and the identity of the rulers boarding it; the captain's question about the brother's speech suggests a dialect or origin marker, but the text breaks off."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":61,"ref":"p61","source":"ⲉⲥⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲏⲡ • ⲉ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲏ [ⲛ]ⲧⲕⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲁϥⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲡⲟⲥ▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲙ̄ [two or three lines wanting] | ⲁϥϩⲉ · ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲣ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲉⲉϥⲉ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲛⲉⲉϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲩⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲛⲉⲉϥ\nⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲱⲟⲩ • ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ • ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ⲉ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲙ","english":"...outside, to a place called Schissa. And a multitude of boats were moored in that place. We all departed together in the same manner, as one who would flee, because we had left the city outside, since they were bringing\n\n...he stood up. He said, \"Where are you going?\" He said to him, \"Where have you come from? To this place, or have you come for some reason?\" He began [lacuna] ...he stopped, sitting at the door of the church. He prostrated himself, he worshipped on his face, and he said, \"I am worthy of a great grace today, my holy father.\" And he spoke, and they told him how they had beached his boat. The bishop said to him, \"They will release it today, if it is the will of God.\" But his mind fled to the boat. He told the archon and his companions. They also fled into the church to receive a blessing from him.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄","severity":"info","text":"The prostration and worship (ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ) at the church door is a standard monastic gesture of reverence, not necessarily directed at the building but at the holy person inside.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ refers to the church building, as the monk sits at its door and later the archon and companions flee into it.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ (bless) here describes the act of receiving a blessing from the bishop, consistent with the glossary distinction: a person is blessed, God is praised.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from dialogue (the bishop’s question and the monk’s response) to narrative action (prostration, flight to the church), marking a typical monastic scene of humility and blessing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna of two or three lines after ⲁϥⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ, and the English draft omits the corresponding material, making the monk’s initial reply uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The repeated ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ (he said) without clear speaker shifts may indicate a dialogue where the bishop and monk alternate, but the lacuna obscures the exact exchange.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲁϥⲁⲣⲭⲉⲓ leaves the monk’s initial response incomplete; the English draft supplies 'He began' but the content is lost.","The phrase ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ (he said to him) does not specify which speaker addresses which, though the context suggests the bishop questions the monk.","The identity of 'the archon and his companions' is unclear; they may be local officials or fellow travelers, but the text does not elaborate."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":62,"ref":"p62","source":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲕⲁ\nⲡϫⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ\nⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲩⲭⲉⲓ(?) ▨▨ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲁⲡⲟⲩ\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ [five or six lines wanting] |\nⲏⲑⲓⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲩ • ⲥⲱⲕ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲟⲧⲥ̄ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ\nⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲏⲓ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲙⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲁⲓ\nⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱϣ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ • ⲛⲥⲉϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲚ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ϩⲉⲛⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲥⲉⲑⲙ̄ⲥⲟϥ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϯ\nⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲏ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲥ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲱϣⲥ̄ • ⲉ\nⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟ[ⲣⲁ]\nⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ϫⲓⲛ\nⲡⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ [ⲁϥ]ⲕⲁⲑⲏⲅⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n[three or four lines wanting] | ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛⲁ • ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ •","english":"The bishop entreated the archons to release the boat for the poor, that they might send it south. But they said, “As you have commanded, our holy father, so it shall be.” And this is the manner of the fortune(?) ... in a great ... [five or six lines wanting] ... the virtue of Christ. The winds drew us in various directions until a certain landing place reached his city. When they arrived south at their home, they showed great hospitality to the bishop. They slaughtered cattle for him, so that they might send him and take him to his city. When the people heard, they all came out to meet him with psalms and hymns. They sang before him until they brought him into the church and seated him upon the throne. And he gave them the episcopal constitution. The deacon who had spoken to the people concerning him took it, saying, “The heirs are present.” He read it to the people, and he caused them to take care of the offering. He gathered them all together in his hands, from the small to the great. He spent three days in the church instructing them ... [three or four lines wanting] ... he performed many acts of charity, keeping all the commandments of his holy father, Apa Makedonios the bishop. After some days, it happened.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary; the same term recurs throughout the passage for the same figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) is rendered 'people' but in the liturgical context here it denotes the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ is left as 'Apa' because it is a monastic title; translating it as 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲩⲭⲉⲓ(?)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲧⲩⲭⲉⲓ(?) is uncertain; the reading 'fortune' in the English draft is conjectural. The lacunae before and after this word obscure the sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains two major lacunae (five or six lines, then three or four lines), breaking the narrative flow between the bishop's arrival and his subsequent acts of charity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲏ (Greek συσταλική) likely refers to an episcopal constitution or letter of appointment; the term appears in monastic literature for formal ecclesiastical documents.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The reading of ⲛⲧⲩⲭⲉⲓ(?) is uncertain; the lacunae before and after it obscure the intended sense.","The identity of the 'heirs' (ⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ) is ambiguous—whether they are literal heirs or ecclesiastical successors is unclear.","The phrase 'the virtue of Christ' (ⲏⲑⲓⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦) may be a textual corruption or a formulaic expression."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":63,"ref":"p63","source":"ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ\nⲛ ϣⲁ • ⲁ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉ\nⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣⲉⲩϥⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ •","english":"by a great multitude of the people, all of them, they entreated him to come into the city to gather them together. And when he took up the care of the offering, he called to his brother Esaias, took hold of him, and ordained him as a presbyter, just as the archbishop Apa Athanasios had laid his hand upon him. And this is the way he gathered the people, blessed them, and dismissed them in peace.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses the Greek loanword πρεσβύτερος, rendered 'presbyter' to denote the clerical order, not merely an elder. The ordination is performed by the archbishop's delegate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is applied to Apa Athanasios, the patriarch of Alexandria. In the Coptic tradition this is the standard title for the archbishop of the see.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ here means 'bless' (the people), consistent with the glossary rule: when the object is a person, the sense is blessing, not praise.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order. It concludes the gathering and dismissal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit describing the ordination of Esaias and the gathering of the people. The phrase ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ('this is the way') signals a summary or concluding formula for the episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ordination by laying on of hands (ⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ) follows the pattern of apostolic succession, here traced to Archbishop Athanasios. This reflects the Coptic emphasis on episcopal authority in clerical appointments.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ϣⲁ is ambiguous: ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ϣⲁ may mean 'a great multitude' or 'a great elder' (ϣⲁ could be a title or a noun). The English draft takes it as 'a great multitude of the people', which is plausible given the following ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ.","The phrase ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ: ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ may mean 'care' or 'preparation'; ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ is 'offering' (the Eucharist). The sense is 'the care of the offering', i.e., the liturgical duty."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":64,"ref":"p64","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ︦ⲣ︦ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲕⲁ ϭⲟⲙ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧ[ⲉ] ⲉ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁ[ⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ] [ⲉ ⲧⲁ]\nⲛϩⲟⲩⲧⲕ̄ • ⲉϯⲗ▨▨ [three or four lines wanting] | ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϣⲧⲟ • ⲉ ⲡϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲏⲧ ⲛ ⲧⲱⲃⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ\nⲑⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̄[ⲙⲟϥ] ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲙⲉ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟⲙⲥ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲁϩⲧ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲛ\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧ︤ϥ︥ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲡⲓⲑⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲁϩⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ̄\nϣⲱⲥ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲯⲓⲥⲁⲫⲓⲥ (sic)• ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲥⲉϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲭⲉⲓ[ⲣ]ⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ [ⲉ] ⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ • ⲁⲩⲥϭⲏⲣ • ⲉ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ [ⲡ]ⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲡ▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨[ⲁ]ⲩⲕⲁⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁ • ⲉⲧ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨[three or four lines\nwanting] | ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nϯ▨▨ⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ • ϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ •","english":"After this, when he had spent some days tending his people in the fear of God, his body grew weak and gave way. He called to Esaias, his brother, and said to him, \"Listen, I will tell you now.\" For the holy archbishop Apa Athanasius had said to him, \"I have ordained you to give the offering.\" And he prepared for the illness for a period of ten months, and thus he rested for a period of fifteen days of this same month. And when the people were informed, they came out, they prepared his body, and they all wept over him, saying, \"He was a good man.\" And this is how they buried him near the body of Apa Makedonios the bishop. Immediately, they took hold of Esaias the presbyter, brought him into the city on the same day, and all persuaded him to establish him in the place of Markos his brother. And this is how they wrote the testament over him, and gave him to some God-loving brothers to take him to Alexandria to be consecrated. Immediately he came out to the boat, they embarked, they sailed forward, and by the will of God they arrived at... He said to them, \"He is coming today, and I... churches, you will see her when she comes, and when he comes, he goes.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (archbishop) here refers to the patriarch of Alexandria, Apa Athanasios, consistent with the glossary rendering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (presbyter) is used for Esaias, indicating his clerical order, distinct from the laity (ⲗⲁⲟⲥ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) appears twice: first as the living body that weakens, then as the corpse prepared for burial, reflecting the ascetic and funerary senses noted in the glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a deathbed scene to burial, then to the election of Esaias and a journey to Alexandria, with a lacuna disrupting the final dialogue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic has several lacunae (three or four lines wanting in two places), making the final speech and the arrival at Alexandria uncertain; the English draft fills gaps conjecturally.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The burial near Apa Makedonios the bishop and the transport of the testament to Alexandria for consecration reflect the monastic and ecclesiastical networks of late antique Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae obscure the final speech: the English draft interprets 'he is coming today' as a reference to a person or church, but the Coptic is fragmentary.","The phrase 'ⲡⲉⲯⲓⲥⲁⲫⲓⲥ' (sic) is unclear; it may be a scribal error for 'testament' (ⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ) or another document."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":65,"ref":"p65","source":"ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉϯ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓⲥ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ [ⲁ]ϥⲉⲓ • ⲉⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲡⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ\nⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲩϯ\nⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲯⲓⲥⲫⲓⲥⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ •","english":"into her. He gathered them together that day within her. When he spoke with the man, behold, the archbishop came, singing before him. They gave their voices, they prostrated themselves, they worshipped at the feet of the archbishop. He raised them up, saying, \"Arise, my children.\" They arose, received a blessing from him, gave him the episcopal consecration, and walked with him into the church. He sat down.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'archbishop' per the pinned glossary, referring to the patriarch of Alexandria in the Coptic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'bless' here, as the archbishop blesses the people; the object (persons) determines the translation per the glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ is rendered 'church' as the building into which the group walks; the context of movement and seating supports this reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is classified as an 'address' in the structural scheme, marked by the archbishop's direct speech ('Arise, my children') and the responsive actions of prostration and blessing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲉⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ ('singing') is ambiguous: it may indicate liturgical psalmody or a general acclamation; the Coptic does not specify the content.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲯⲓⲥⲫⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The term ⲡⲉⲯⲓⲥⲫⲓⲥⲙⲁ (from Greek ψήφισμα) is rendered 'episcopal consecration' in the draft, but it could also mean 'decree' or 'vote'; the precise ritual act is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the man' (ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ) is not specified; it may refer to the dying monk from the previous passage or another figure.","The sequence of prostration and blessing could imply a formal ordination or a simple greeting; the Coptic does not clarify the ecclesiastical status of the group."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":66,"ref":"p66","source":"ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲱϣ • ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲯⲩⲫⲓⲥⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉⲩϥⲓ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲏ̄ⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲛ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲭ[ⲉⲓ]ⲣⲟⲇⲱⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁ[ⲅⲉ]\n▨▨▨ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲧ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲁ]ϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥϩ[ⲁⲓ]▨▨ [three or four lines wanting] |\nⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ • ⲁⲛⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁⲩⲑⲣⲟⲛⲓⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϯ\nⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲟϣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϯϩⲉ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ • ⲇⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲙⲉϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ • ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ϣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ • ⲛⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲓⲕⲟⲥ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲛⲥⲉⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁϩ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲡ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲟⲡⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ [ⲛ ⲟⲩ]ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁⲟ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ [three or four lines wanting] | ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲩⲯⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉⲩⲛⲉϩⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ⲟⲛ •","english":"When he had finished the psalmody, he commanded them to take up the offering. He arose, took hold of Isaiah, and brought him inside. He ordained him as bishop, and he consecrated him with his own holy hands. He sat down and had them write... [three or four lines missing] ...we went up, we went out, and by the will of God, within a few days we journeyed to the city of Soun. The people heard, and they came out to meet him, and they sang before him. They brought him into the church, they enthroned him, and he gave them the writings of the archbishop. They read them, and in this manner he dismissed them in peace. After three days, while he was in the church, he came out and withdrew to his dwelling place. And he did not go to the city except on a great feast day. And also on these occasions, the clergy and the clerics and the nobles of the people would come and entreat him until he consented to accompany them. He himself, the blessed Apa Isaiah, was a man of good appearance and beloved by all. The rich... [three or four lines missing] ...they came out, they inspected his venerable reliquary, and all their coverings were removed from his face, for he was a man of great goodness indeed, when they buried him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (from Greek ἐπίσκοπος) is rendered 'bishop'. The ordination of Isaiah as bishop is a key narrative event, showing the archbishop's authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (archbishop) in the Coptic tradition refers to the patriarch of Alexandria. The 'writings of the archbishop' likely denote letters of communion or patriarchal decrees.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (in peace) is a liturgical formula, not a comment on civil order. Here it describes the dismissal of the congregation after the reading of the archbishop's writings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) denotes the laity as distinct from clergy. The phrase 'nobles of the people' (ⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲙ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ) distinguishes lay leaders from the clergy and clerics.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from ordination and consecration to a journey, public reception, enthronement, and the bishop's subsequent withdrawal to his dwelling, only emerging for major feasts. This pattern mirrors hagiographic topoi of reluctant or ascetic bishops.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has several lacunae (three or four lines wanting in two places), marked by ▨. The English draft fills these gaps conjecturally; the details of the writing, the reliquary inspection, and the burial are uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the city 'Soun' (ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ) is uncertain; it may be a toponym in Egypt or the Levant.","The phrase 'they inspected his venerable reliquary' (ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲩⲯⲁⲛⲟⲛ) is partly reconstructed; the lacuna obscures the exact context of the burial scene."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":67,"ref":"p67","source":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲡⲉϥⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲧⲟⲙⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲗⲩⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ\nⲡⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲣ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲥⲕⲏⲉⲃ • ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲇⲉ\nⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲥⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲩⲣ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲙ[ⲟϥ] ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ •","english":"according to his worthiness, they buried him near his companions, the holy liturgist, the blessed one, who is Apa Makedonios, and Apa Markos. And this is the manner in which each one withdrew to his place of dwelling. The city spent days in mourning, without a bishop. But there was also a monk in the island, whose name was Psoulousia, and many who knew him bear witness to his deeds. This is what our father","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲩⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲗⲩⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ (leitourgos) here means 'liturgist,' i.e., one who performs the liturgy, likely a deacon or priest. The Coptic text specifies 'the holy liturgist' as a title for Apa Makedonios.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ (makarios) is a Greek loanword meaning 'blessed' or 'blessed one,' used as a title for deceased saints. Here it modifies Apa Makedonios, indicating his revered status.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲥⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ (Psoulousia) is a proper name, likely of a monk. The name may be of Greek or Egyptian origin, but its meaning is uncertain. The text introduces him as a monk on an island whose deeds are attested by many.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative of the ordination and burial of Apa Makedonios and Apa Markos, then transitions to a new episode about the monk Psoulousia. The phrase 'this is the manner in which each one withdrew' marks a narrative closure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of a city mourning without a bishop reflects the early monastic and ecclesiastical context where a bishop's death left a community in limbo. The island setting for the monk Psoulousia is typical of Egyptian monastic geography, where islands in the Nile served as hermitages.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is fragmentary at the end: 'ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ' (this is what our father) breaks off, likely continuing with a name or action. The English draft supplies 'our father' but the Coptic does not complete the phrase, leaving the referent ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'our father' at the end is unclear; it may refer to the narrator or a monastic leader.","The name Psoulousia is unattested elsewhere; its etymology and significance are uncertain.","The phrase 'according to his worthiness' (ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲡϣⲁ) could refer to the burial or to the ordination, but the context favors burial."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":68,"ref":"p68","source":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲣ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉϥⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ • ⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ\nⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϯⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ▨▨ⲛ︦▨▨▨▨▨▨▨[three or four\nlines wanting] | ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲇⲓⲱ̄ⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ\nϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲉⲩⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲡⲓⲑⲉ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ ϫⲛⲁϩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲯⲩⲫⲓⲥⲙⲁ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲩϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉⲩⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ⲛⲥⲉⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲡⲱϩ ⲉ\nⲧⲙ̄ⲣⲱ • ⲛ ⲥⲭⲓⲥⲥⲁ • ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ • ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲡⲱϩ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲓⲗⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩϩⲉ • ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲡϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲩⲗⲱⲛ • ⲉϥⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲭⲉⲓ▨▨[ⲉ]\nⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲑⲣⲓⲃⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨ϫ • ⲁϥ [three or four lines wanting] | ⲁⲡⲁ ⲥⲉⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ • ⲉⲥⲙⲉϩ • ⲛ ⲣⲁϣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙ ⲙⲏⲏⲛⲉ • ⲱ ⲡⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲕϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲁⲧⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲛⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲉ • ϩⲱⲱⲛ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ •","english":"Apa Haron made his monastic life in his episcopacy. God, however, placed it in the heart of the people to seek after him. The clergy and the people came out to the island. And [three or four lines wanting] ... who? For I am a layman, I do not know my right from my left. When they made a great entreaty, they beseeched him, and he did not yield to them. They took him by force, they lifted him up, they brought him into the city. They wrote the decree in his name, and they sent with him some other God-loving brothers who had come to their hands to guard him until they should bring him to Alexandria to ordain him. When they arrived at the gate of Scythia, they boarded a small skiff until they should go into the city. When they arrived at the gate, they found a brother; they beseeched him to tell them the place where the archbishop was. He himself, the archbishop, was sitting inside the gate, ordaining two bishops, one of Athribe ... [three or four lines wanting] ... Apa Sellousia said to him in a voice full of joy, \"Why, O monk, are you without care today? You will take care of us in the same way.\" When the archbishop had said these things, he arose.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (archbishop) in the Coptic tradition refers to the patriarch of Alexandria. Here it designates the figure who ordains bishops and is sought for the ordination of Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (people) is the Greek loanword λαός. In this passage it distinguishes the laity from the clergy (ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ), as both groups come out to the island to fetch Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲥⲭⲓⲥⲥⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The toponym ⲥⲭⲓⲥⲥⲁ (Scythia) is likely a corruption or variant of Schedia, a suburb of Alexandria on the Canopic Nile. The gate of Scythia may be a local landmark, but the reading is uncertain due to textual damage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲑⲣⲓⲃⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna after ⲁⲑⲣⲓⲃⲉ (Athribe), a town in the Nile Delta. The missing lines likely named one of the two bishops being ordained, but the sense is irrecoverable.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from narrative (the people fetching Apa Haron) to direct speech (Apa Sellousia’s joyful address to the monk). The lacunae obscure the transition, but the pattern of entreaty and resistance is typical of monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a monk being forcibly taken to become bishop appears in other Coptic monastic histories, such as the Life of Apa Shenoute. This reflects the topos of the reluctant holy man compelled to serve the church.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'brother' found at the gate is unclear; he may be a monk or a local guide.","The lacunae after ⲁⲑⲣⲓⲃⲉ and in the following lines leave the ordination scene incomplete.","The phrase 'I do not know my right from my left' is a conventional expression of humility, not a literal claim."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":69,"ref":"p69","source":"ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲛ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲁϥⲧⲣⲉⲩϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲟⲩϣ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲡⲟϣⲛ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲛⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲁϥⲡⲟϣⲛ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲁϥⲁⲁϥ\nⲙ ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ϩⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲃⲱⲕ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲛⲣ̄\nⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲕⲏ • ⲛ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲕⲧⲟⲛ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ⲥ︦ •","english":"He brought him into the church. He had them lift up the care of the offering and the sanctuary. He prayed over him. He appointed him as reader. Then he appointed him as deacon. Then he made him a priest likewise. He consecrated him as bishop. He set them outside, saying, \"Go in peace. But we came out from him. We performed the washing of the synodical of the episcopacy. We returned to his door. We entreated him concerning her.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ for the clerical order of presbyter, distinct from 'elder' as seniority. The English draft renders it 'priest', which is acceptable in context but loses the Greek loanword's precision.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ is the liturgical office of deacon, not a generic 'servant'. The narrative describes a staged ordination, so the glossary's liturgical sense applies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in the phrase ⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order. The English draft 'Go in peace' correctly reflects this.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ordination sequence—reader, deacon, presbyter, bishop—follows the standard cursus honorum in late antique Egyptian Christianity. The term ⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ (cheirotonein) is the technical Greek verb for consecration by laying on of hands.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲕⲏ ⲛ ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is obscure: ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ may mean 'washing' (ritual purification) or 'robe', and ⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲕⲏ (systadikē) is a rare term possibly referring to a synodical letter or a liturgical garment. The English draft chooses 'washing of the synodical of the episcopacy', but the sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from third-person narration (ⲁϥϫⲓⲧⲛ, 'he brought him') to first-person plural (ⲁⲛⲣ̄, 'we performed'), indicating a change in speaker or a narrative break. The previous passage also shows a first-person plural perspective, suggesting a collective voice of the monks or the narrator.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲕⲏ is ambiguous: ⲡⲱⲃϣ̄ could mean 'washing' or 'robe', and ⲥⲩⲥⲧⲁⲇⲓⲕⲏ is a hapax legomenon in this corpus, possibly a loan from Greek συσταδική (systadikē) meaning 'synodical' or 'related to a synod'. The English draft interprets it as a ritual washing, but the exact referent is unclear.","The shift from third-person to first-person plural (ⲁⲛⲣ̄, ⲁⲛⲕⲧⲟⲛ, ⲁⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ) is abrupt; it may indicate a new speaker or a narrative break, but the Coptic does not mark the transition explicitly."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":70,"ref":"p70","source":"ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲉⲕⲗⲁⲃⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄▨▨ⲁϥⲥⲁ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n[three or four lines wanting]|▨▨▨▨▨ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩϭⲟⲟⲗⲕ̄ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϯ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛϣⲟϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲣ︤ϥ︥ⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲏⲥ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲧⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁ︦ϥ ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲉϣ\nⲧⲉⲥⲩⲭⲓⲁ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ϩⲃⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉⲧ\nⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁ︦ϥ︦ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲭⲓⲣⲟⲇⲟⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲕⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲱ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ * • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓ • ⲱ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛ ϯⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲁⲩⲉⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ • ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲥⲕⲁⲫⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲉⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛⲥⲉ[ⲑ]ⲙ̄ⲥⲟϥ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲧⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲓⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ [ⲧ]ⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁϥ[ⲕ]ⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲇⲉ [ⲁ]ⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ •","english":"He himself commanded his deacon. He took the offering. He received it from him. [three or four lines wanting] ... of any matter of the bishopric that had established me beyond my worth, saying, \"I saw you, that you were clothed in a stole, and they placed fetters on your hands.\" It happened, however, after he came south, the bishop went first to his place, which is in the island. He himself and those with him sat down in that place, outside, because he was a man who desired only quietude. But the people, when they heard, were troubled, and they boarded boats and came outside to the island. And when they had received a blessing from him, they informed him about the bishopric. The brothers who were traveling with him told them that he had been ordained. The people said to him, \"Why did you not come into the city, O our father, like all the bishops?\" He himself said, \"Believe me, O my children, that I desire my small dwelling place, so that I might see him first.\" They brought him out, however, and placed him in a small boat. They sang psalms before him until they brought him into the church, and they seated him upon the throne according to the custom. And this is how he gathered them all together and dismissed them in peace. The bishop, Apa Silvanus.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (from Greek ἐπίσκοπος) is consistently rendered 'bishop' in this edition, reflecting the ecclesiastical office rather than a generic overseer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ here means 'bless' (the people receive a blessing from the bishop), not 'praise', following the glossary rule that the object decides: God is praised, a person is blessed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order, as per the glossary note on Greek εἰρήνη in colophons.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The ordination sequence (reader, deacon, priest, bishop) and the installation on the throne (ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ) reflect standard late antique Egyptian ecclesiastical practice, as seen in the dossier of Ethiopic prohibitions for monks.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna of three or four lines after ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄, marked by ▨, and the English draft supplies a conjectural passage about the bishopric; the exact content is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The figure of Apa Silvanus (ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ) is known from other monastic collections; Budge's edition of Paphnutius' Histories of the Monks of Egypt provides the standard English translation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ leaves unclear what exactly the deacon received; the English draft supplies 'the offering' but the Coptic only has ⲁϥⲉⲕⲗⲁⲃⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ (he took it).","The phrase ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲡϣⲁ could be read as 'that established me beyond my worth' or 'that placed me beyond my merit'; the sense is humility but the exact nuance is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Address to the congregation: the homily turns from exposition to direct speech (a vocative, an imperative). The English keeps the second person rather than smoothing it into description."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":71,"ref":"p71","source":"ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • | ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲙⲛⲧⲁⲥⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲕ[ⲁⲑⲏⲅⲉⲓ ⲡⲗⲁ]ⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲁϥ[ϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧ]ⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲕⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ\nⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛϭⲓ ⲁⲡⲁ ϯⲙⲟⲑⲉⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲑⲉⲟⲫⲓⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ\nⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ","english":"He went into the church. He spent forty days instructing the people with the words of God, exhorting them to preserve purity and love toward one another. Afterward, he returned to his dwelling place. But after these things, Apa Timothy rested, having installed Apa Theophilus and all the bishops to go to Alexandria to venerate him. He went then","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The forty-day period echoes the biblical forty days of Lent or of Moses on Sinai, but here it is a time of intensive instruction by the bishop.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ here likely refers to the liturgical love-feast (agape meal), not merely abstract love, as it is paired with purity (ⲡⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ) in a communal exhortation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Apa Timothy (Timothy I of Alexandria, 378–384) is said to have 'rested' (died) and installed Apa Theophilus (Theophilus I, 384–412) as his successor, a historical transition in the Alexandrian patriarchate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage concludes the narrative of the bishop's ministry and death, with a formulaic transition ('after these things') to the next episode involving Theophilus and the bishops going to Alexandria.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna after ⲉϥⲕ[ⲁⲑⲏⲅⲉⲓ ⲡⲗⲁ]ⲟⲥ, and the English draft supplies 'instructing the people' as a plausible restoration, but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲕⲩⲛⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ could mean 'to venerate him' (the deceased Timothy) or 'to venerate it' (the place or relic); the English draft takes the former reading.","The subject of ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ at the end is ambiguous: it may be Theophilus or Timothy; the context suggests Theophilus as the new bishop."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":72,"ref":"p72","source":"ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲟⲩⲕⲁⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉϥⲛϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉⲛⲉ\nⲑⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲙⲁⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ • ⲉϣⲁⲩⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩϩ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ • ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nⲡⲥⲉⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉⲛⲉϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲁⲧϥ̄• ϩⲓⲣⲙ̄\nⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲃⲁⲡϯⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉϥⲱⲡ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ\nⲙ̄ϣⲁ ⲁⲩⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩ︦︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲉⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ • ⲉ ϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲕⲉⲓ | [ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ] • ⲉ\nⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϣ︦ⲗⲏⲗ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ [ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ] ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉϥϭⲟϫⲃ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲡⲱⲣϣ̄ • ⲛ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲓ\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲥⲃⲣ̄ⲃⲣ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲧⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲭⲁⲗⲭⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲩⲥⲁϩⲧⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉⲥⲉ[ⲉⲡⲉ] • ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲟ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱ • ⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲃⲁⲡϯⲍⲉ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁϥ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ •","english":"He himself, the holy Apa Sylousia, when he arrived in the city, they found the archbishop inside the church, with all the clergy and the entire people gathered around him, as was the custom on the Sabbath of Thomas, when they used to baptize there. When the baptismal font was filled with water, the archbishop went in with the other bishops, and they prayed over the Jordan. Apa Sylousia, however, stood by himself at the door of the baptistery, keeping himself a little apart; he did not go in there, considering himself unworthy. The archbishop, moved by the Spirit, gave orders to bring him in and said to him, “Why did you not come into the church to pray with us?” He himself said to the archbishop, “Forgive me, my holy father; I am a sinful man.” And immediately he stretched out his hands and prayed with them at once. The baptismal font boiled like a bronze cauldron being heated under its mouth. The archbishop and all the other bishops, when they saw the miracle that had happened, gave glory to God and to the holy one. The bishops praised Apa Sylousias for his purity. When the archbishop finished baptizing, he gathered them together and dismissed them.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲑⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲙⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Sabbath of Thomas' likely refers to a local feast or a regular baptismal day, possibly the Saturday before Thomas Sunday (Low Sunday) in the Coptic calendar. The exact liturgical occasion is not specified in the source.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The baptismal font (ⲕⲟⲗⲩⲙⲃⲏⲑⲣⲁ, from Greek κολυμβήθρα) boiling like a bronze cauldron is a hagiographic topos indicating divine presence or the saint's holiness. Similar miracles appear in other Coptic monastic narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Sylousia' (or 'Sylousias') is a variant of 'Silvanus' or 'Sylvanus', a common monastic name. The Coptic spelling ⲡⲥⲩⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ may reflect a Greek or Latin origin, but the exact identification is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲛⲉⲑⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲙⲁⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'Sabbath of Thomas' is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific Saturday in the liturgical year, or to a local custom. The Coptic text does not clarify whether this is a feast or a regular practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The archbishop's role in baptizing and dismissing the congregation reflects the liturgical authority of the Alexandrian patriarch in Coptic tradition. This passage is cited in Budge's edition as an example of episcopal oversight in monastic communities.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥϭⲟϫⲃ̄","severity":"info","text":"Apa Sylousia's self-description as 'a sinful man' (ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥϭⲟϫⲃ̄) is a standard humility topos in monastic literature, contrasting his perceived unworthiness with the miracle that follows.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Apa Sylousia' is uncertain; the name may be a variant of Silvanus or a local figure.","The 'Sabbath of Thomas' is not clearly identified in the Coptic calendar; it may refer to a specific Saturday or a local feast.","The phrase 'prayed over the Jordan' (ⲁⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a prayer over the baptismal water (symbolically the Jordan) or a literal river."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":73,"ref":"p73","source":"ⲁⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϭⲱ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ\nⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲁⲡⲟⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ⲡⲥⲉⲗⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥ • ⲁϥϭⲱ • ⲉϥⲥϭⲣⲁϩ︦ⲧ︦ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛⲉϥⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ ϥⲣ̄ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲧⲟ ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲡϣⲱⲛⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ ϫⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ ϫⲟⲩⲧϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲧ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ • ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ |\nⲈⲧ ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙⲥ̄ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲓⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ\nⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ ⲙⲙⲓⲛ • ⲙ[ⲙⲟϥ • ⲧⲉ]ⲛⲟⲩ • ϭⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ • ϩⲱⲱⲧ • ⲁ\nⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ • ϩⲱⲟⲩ ϯ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϣϥⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲛⲱⲛⲛⲁ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲏⲛⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲉϥⲟⲩⲉⲙ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉϫⲓ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ϫⲓⲛ\nⲡⲉϥϫⲡⲟ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲛⲉ • ϫⲉ\nⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲁ ⲡⲟⲣⲇⲓⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲧⲁϩⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ̄ⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ •","english":"The bishop remained with him that day. As for his feast, however, he dismissed them, so that each one might go to his own city. The holy one himself, Apa Psalousias, remained, having taken up residence in the place where he had been before he became bishop, until the day he was completed. He had fallen ill from the twenty-first of the month of Paone, and afterwards he rested on the twenty-third of that same month. Then all the clergy and the people came out and prepared his body with honor. They buried him in the martyrium, which is itself honored. Now then, my brother, my father God, since you have informed me about a few things, behold, I have informed you about the bishops who were in the Lakh. In the manner that my father Apa Haron informed me as well. As for his parents, however, they also gave money and equipped him, and he himself took seven annona each month, though he did not eat any of them, but rather gave them to the monastery. If his parents wished to take a wife for him, he himself did not wish it, but rather preserved his body in virginity from his birth until his completion. It happened one day that letters were sent to the king so that they might be taken to another city. The ordinance of Apa Haron, however, caused him to take them and go there. When he came out,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"In this passage ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the corpse of Apa Psalousias, prepared for burial, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ here denotes the state of virginity preserved by Apa Psalousias from birth, a technical ascetic sense rather than 'young woman'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲛⲱⲛⲛⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The seven annona (ⲁⲛⲛⲱⲛⲛⲁ) per month refer to a grain or food allowance in late Roman administration, here redirected to the monastery.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the death and burial of Apa Psalousias to a direct address ('my brother, my father God'), then to a retrospective account of his parents and his own ascetic practices.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲓⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna before ⲙⲓⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ (martyrium); the reading 'buried him in the martyrium' is plausible but the exact phrase is partially reconstructed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The illness began on the 21st of Paone and ended on the 23rd of the same month, providing a precise date for Apa Psalousias's death in the Coptic calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' (my brother, my father God) is ambiguous: it may be a direct address to a reader or a rhetorical device; the translation takes it as direct address.","The location 'ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ' (the Lakh) is not identified; it may be a place name or a corruption."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":74,"ref":"p74","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩⲓ\nⲧⲱⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ︤ⲣ︥ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩ[ⲉ] ⲙ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲇⲁ︦ⲇ︦ ϫⲟⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲣ︦ⲝ︦ • ⲡⲉⲕϩⲙ̄ϩ[ⲁⲗ] ⲁϥⲡⲁⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓϥⲓ ⲛ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ | ▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦▨▨▨▨ϯ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲑⲩⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲛⲁϭⲓϫ ϯⲛⲁⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲁ ⲡⲁⲏⲓ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϩⲩⲡⲁⲣⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣ︤ⲙ︥ⲙⲟ • ⲉ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲧⲁⲣϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ • ⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱⲧ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ • ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲇⲉ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲉⲓϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲃⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲁ ϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲓⲗⲟⲅⲭⲓⲍⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲩⲓ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲕⲧⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲛⲕⲉ\nⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲣⲏⲥ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛⲕⲉ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲁⲓϯ • ⲉ","english":"in the city, a lion came to him at the ninth hour on the road at night, wanting to seize him. And the righteous one said, “Did I not remember the word that the prophet David spoke: ‘The lion and the bear, his servant, he subdued them’? I took my eyes.” \n\nI said, “My Lord Jesus Christ, I give this wild beast into my hands. I will renounce all the things of my house and all my possessions, and I will become a stranger to my fathers and to all my people, and I will become a stranger to this world. I put on the habit of the monastic life for your holy name.” Then the holy one, Apa Haron, said, “When I said these things, I prepared myself to go out of the cell that was in my hand. I considered the lion, and it died. And immediately I did not return to the city again, but I went to another city that was to the south of me, for three more days of travel. I gave to","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲣⲝ","severity":"info","text":"The righteous one cites a saying of the prophet David: 'The lion and the bear, his servant, he subdued them.' This is not a direct biblical verse but a paraphrase of Psalm 91:13 (LXX 90:13) or a similar tradition, where God subdues wild beasts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ is rendered 'prophet' per the pinned glossary, here referring to David as a prophetic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ is left as 'Apa' per the glossary, a title for a monastic father, to avoid confusion with biological father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲕⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ (kontarion) is a Greek loanword meaning a short spear or javelin, used here as a monastic implement or weapon; its presence underscores the ascetic's preparedness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (▨▨▨) after 'I took my eyes' and before 'I said, My Lord Jesus Christ', obscuring the exact transition. The English draft supplies a plausible restoration, but the original wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a dialogue: the righteous one recounts his encounter with a lion, and then Apa Haron comments on his own similar experience, creating a layered narrative typical of monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'I took my eyes' (ⲁⲓϥⲓ ⲛ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ) is ambiguous: it may mean 'I looked' or 'I took my eyes (away)', but the context suggests a gesture of resolve or prayer. The lacunae after this phrase leave the exact sequence unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":75,"ref":"p75","source":"ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϩⲧⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲕⲁⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲁⲧ︦ⲃ︦ϥ︦\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲩⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲁⲓϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲃ̄ⲥⲱ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲉⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲓⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ϣⲓⲏⲧ • ⲁⲓϯ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ\nⲟⲛ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲉϣϭⲱ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ (sic) ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nⲣⲏⲥ • ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲩ | ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ •▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣ[ⲱⲛ] • ▨▨[ⲛ]\nⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲥ︦ⲡ︦ⲥⲱⲡϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲓ▨▨ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ • ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲓⲟ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲏⲓ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲁ ⲛⲁⲓⲉⲟⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲁⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲏⲃⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲥϩⲁⲓ\nⲡⲁ ⲥⲁϩ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲙ ⲙⲏⲏⲛⲉ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ\nⲉϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲥϩⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲑⲏ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ\nⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲛⲁⲕⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲛ ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ⲏ ⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲉⲡⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲟⲩⲁϩ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲥⲱⲓ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲓϯϩⲧⲏⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ • ⲁⲓϭⲱ • ⲉⲓⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧ︤ⲙ︥ • ⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ •","english":"I unyoked my donkey and my camel, and my satchel and all my equipment that was in my hand. I took for myself a garment of the pagan, and the rest I distributed to the poor who were in that place. I went to the mountain of Shiet, and I put on the monastic habit in that place. Again, I could not remain in that place because of my parents, lest they find me. I traveled a little at a time toward the south until I came to this mountain. Now these things I have sent to you, my brother, my God. From the hand of my father Apa Haron. I received the apostasy from him, and afterward, if you pray for me, I will tell you what I saw with my eyes. It happened to me when I was a small child in the house of my parents. My parents gave me to my teacher to teach me writing. My teacher was always diligent with me until he taught me writing in holy writings. When I came to the passage in the Gospel that says, “He who does not leave his father or mother behind, and the rest that follows after these, he is not worthy of me,” I set my mind to this saying, and I meditated on it in my whole heart. It happened after some days that I heard the voice of our holy father Apa Haron.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲛⲟⲥ (paganos) means 'pagan' or 'gentile'. Here it likely refers to a simple, non-monastic garment, contrasting with the monastic habit that follows.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ (palin) means 'again' or 'furthermore'. It marks a narrative resumption after the description of donning the monastic habit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲛϥⲛⲁⲕⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲏ ⲙⲁⲁⲩ","severity":"info","text":"This is a paraphrase of Matthew 10:37 (or a similar synoptic saying), where Jesus states that one must leave family to follow him. The Coptic text adapts the verse to the monastic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ϣⲓⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The 'mountain of Shiet' (ϣⲓⲏⲧ) is the Coptic name for the Wadi el-Natrun region in Egypt, a major center of early monasticism. This locates the narrative in the Nitrian desert.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The word ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ (apostasse) is a Greek loanword meaning 'renunciation' or 'apostasy'. In this monastic context, it likely refers to the formal renunciation of worldly possessions and family, not heresy. The Coptic text is partially damaged here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲓⲟ ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ","severity":"info","text":"This phrase marks a flashback within the narrative, shifting from the present account of the monk's journey to his childhood. The Coptic uses ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ('it happened then') to introduce the retrospective section.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ is ambiguous: it could mean 'renunciation' (of worldly life) or 'apostasy' (from faith). The context of monastic conversion supports the former.","The Coptic text has lacunae (▨▨▨) that obscure the exact wording of the transition from the letter to the flashback."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":76,"ref":"p76","source":"ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲁ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲛⲉϥⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲓϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲓⲣ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ\nϩⲱⲧ︤ⲡ︥ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ | ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ\nⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲉⲓ • ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁ ϣⲟⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ • ⲙⲙⲓⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲱⲥ\nⲁⲓϭⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲉϫ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡϣⲟ • ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲧⲁϭⲥⲉ • ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲕⲱⲱϩ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ •","english":"...that he was practicing asceticism in a place called Peia, where he performed many healings of all the sick. I arose and went to the place where he was. I sat down at the door of his dwelling until the sun set, for that was his wish that day. When evening came and he did not come out, I arose and walked in the mountain for three miles. Then I looked down at the desert and saw some human footprints being drawn inward by a whirlwind of the...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲉⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword πολιτεύομαι (politeuomai) here denotes the practice of ascetic discipline, a standard term in monastic literature for the monastic life or askesis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Peia (ⲡⲉⲓⲁ) is likely a toponym in the Egyptian desert, possibly a monastic settlement or hermitage; its exact location is not identified in the source edition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrator sits at the door of the ascetic's dwelling until sunset, then walks three miles in the mountain, indicating a deliberate search for a holy figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡϣⲟ (the desert) echoes the biblical and monastic motif of the desert as a place of spiritual testing and encounter, common in the Lives of the Desert Fathers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲕⲱⲱϩ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲟⲩⲕⲱⲱϩ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ (a whirlwind of the ...) is incomplete in the Coptic; the final word is cut off, leaving the sense uncertain. The English draft supplies 'of the...' but the Coptic breaks off.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the first-person narrative of a monk's journey, moving from a healing ministry to a solitary search, typical of the episodic structure in the Histories of the Monks of Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The toponym ⲡⲉⲓⲁ (Peia) is not securely identified; it may be a variant of a known site or a scribal error.","The final phrase ⲟⲩⲕⲱⲱϩ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ is truncated; the intended noun after ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ is missing, leaving the nature of the whirlwind unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":77,"ref":"p77","source":"ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓϭⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϩ ⲙⲏⲣ • ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉϥⲁϣⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲃⲏϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲁϥⲥⲁϩⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲛⲟⲩϩ • ⲁϥⲛⲉϫ ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ • ϩⲓϫ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁϥϯ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲁϥϭⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲛⲏⲩ • ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱⲣ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ\nⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ ⲁⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ϩⲱⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲧ︦ⲣ︦ⲕ︦ⲕⲁⲁⲧ • ⲙ\nⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲕ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣⲙ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲏⲧ • [ϫ]ⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧ︤ⲛ︥ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ • ϩⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ϯⲛⲁϯⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ |\nⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲡⲉⲓ ⲃⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲛ ϫⲟⲕϥ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁϣϫⲟⲕ︤ϥ︥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛⲅ︤ⲣ︥ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲕϫⲉ (sic) ⲁⲕϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ̄ • ⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁϣⲕⲱⲗⲩ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ\nⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥϫⲓⲧ • ϣⲁ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϯ • ϩⲓⲱⲱⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ •","english":"I walked on foot. I found my holy father, Apa Haron, with a large stone tied to his neck. When I called out to him, \"Bless me,\" he loosened the stone from his neck, threw the stone to the ground, put on his garment, looked inward at me, and said to me, \"Where are you coming from, my son of this place?\" And I said to him, \"Let me go, my father. I have not gone astray.\" He said to me, \"Come, sit down, my son. I have not gone astray. Rather, you have found the good path.\" When I sat down beside him, I entreated him, \"I wish to become a monk beside you.\" He said to me with compassion, \"Our Savior said in the Gospels, 'Come to me, all who labor,' and I will give you the name of the good monastic life. But this life is hard to fulfill.\" I said to him, \"I have come to this place for this matter, O my holy father. If I am to fulfill it, have mercy on me.\" He said to me, \"It is a good thing you seek, my son. If you have set your hand to the good work, who will hinder you, my son?\" Then we arose and went out from the mountain. He took me to a presbyter to give me the monastic habit.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ (from Greek πρεσβύτερος) is rendered 'presbyter' here because the context involves conferring the monastic habit, a clerical act. The glossary distinguishes this from 'elder' (seniority).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲟⲥⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron quotes a saying attributed to Christ: 'Come to me, all who labor.' This echoes Matthew 11:28 (Δεῦτε πρός με πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες), though the Coptic wording is not a direct citation of the canonical text but a monastic adaptation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The 'monastic habit' (ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ, from Greek σχῆμα) was conferred by a presbyter, indicating formal initiation into the monastic life. This practice is attested in early Egyptian monasticism, where the habit symbolized renunciation and commitment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue between the narrator and Apa Haron, framed by the narrator's journey. The exchange includes a blessing request, a scriptural quotation, and a request for monastic initiation, culminating in a departure to a presbyter.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕϫⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕϫⲉ (line 17) appears to be a scribal error or variant for ⲉⲕϫⲱ (you say) or ⲉⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ (you seek). The English draft reads 'you seek,' which aligns with the context of the preceding question.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲕϫⲉ is ambiguous: it may be a misspelling of ⲉⲕϫⲱ (you say) or ⲉⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ (you seek); the context favors the latter.","The stone tied to the neck (ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϩ ⲙⲏⲣ ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ⲱⲛⲉ) is an ascetic practice, but its specific symbolism (penance, mortification, or a test) is not explained in the text."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":78,"ref":"p78","source":"ⲛ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲉ\nϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲃ • ⲙ ⲡϥⲱ • ⲛ\nⲧⲁ ⲁⲡⲉ • ⲁϥϯ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁ ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲁ\nⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲟⲩϩ︦ⲃ︦ⲇⲱⲙⲁⲥ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲕⲱⲧ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ","english":"of the monastic life, and in the name of God, he came out. The presbyter came, greeted us, and took us inside to his place. My father said to him immediately concerning me, and at once he cut the hair of my head and placed upon me the monastic habit. We arose and went to our dwelling place. My holy father, Apa Haron, performed a service of seven days, building me up in the works of the service of God. After these things, he said to me, \"Sit down.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ, from Greek πρεσβύτερος, is rendered 'presbyter' here because the context involves a clerical act (conferring the monastic habit). The glossary distinguishes this from 'elder' where seniority alone is meant.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is retained as a form of address for monastic fathers, avoiding collision with the biological sense of 'father' (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) used in the same passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The seven-day service (ϩⲃⲇⲱⲙⲁⲥ) performed by Apa Haron reflects a common monastic catechetical or initiatory period, during which the novice is instructed in the works of the service of God (ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲣϥϣⲙϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative of the narrator's reception into the monastic life under Apa Haron, marked by the cutting of hair and investiture with the habit, followed by a seven-day formation period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϣⲱⲃ • ⲙ ⲡϥⲱ • ⲛ ⲧⲁ ⲁⲡⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲁϥϣⲱⲃ ⲙ ⲡϥⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲁ ⲁⲡⲉ ('he cut the hair of my head') is clear, but the preceding clause ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲃ may be corrupt or lacunose; the English draft supplies 'at once' from context, but the Coptic repeats ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ twice, possibly a scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ appears twice in quick succession; the first instance may be a dittography or a temporal marker for the presbyter's action, the second for the haircutting. The reading taken follows the English draft in treating the first as part of the presbyter's greeting and the second as 'at once' for the haircutting.","The phrase ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲃⲇⲱⲙⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ could be read as 'he performed a seven-day service' or 'he spent a week'; the English draft opts for 'performed a service of seven days', which is retained."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":79,"ref":"p79","source":"ⲛⲁⲕ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲧⲁϭ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲥⲟⲛ • ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲉⲓⲙⲉ\nϫⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ | ⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ • ⲕⲁⲁⲧ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ • ⲉⲛⲉ\nⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ • ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲙⲉϩ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲉϩ ϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲉϩ ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲙⲉϩ ϯⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ϯ ϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲕⲁⲁⲕ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲕ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϫⲓⲧⲕ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ⲛⲅ̄ϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϭⲱ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲱⲭⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲓϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ\nϣⲁ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁⲓϩⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲟⲣ︤ⲡ︥ ⲛ ⲥⲟⲡ\nⲁⲓϭⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ • ⲉϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲁⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡϣⲟ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲕⲁⲩⲥⲱⲛ • ⲛ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲥ • ⲙ\nⲡⲙⲟⲩϩ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲱⲛⲉ • ⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ • ϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲱⲣ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲕⲁⲩⲥⲱⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉϫ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁϥⲕⲁ\nⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ︦ϥ︦ ⲉⲓⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁϥ • ⲉⲓϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϩⲣⲟⲕ • ⲉⲕϯ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲛϯϩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ | ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲧⲁⲕⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲱ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ϯ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁⲓⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲁϥⲛⲉⲧⲃ̄ ⲣⲱϥ •","english":"to you. In this place, I will go and find the brother, and I will return to you. But he did not wish me to know that he wanted to go to his ascetic practices. I said to him, \"Are you coming today?\" He said to me, \"No. The brother will not let you go until the Sabbath, the first day that he went out, according to his will.\" And he spent the first day and the second and the third, up to the fourth and the fifth. I, however, the demon, I am suffering greatly. \"Why did your father leave you alone? Why did he not take you? You will receive a blessing from the brother there.\" And when they ceased to trouble me, I arose and went inside the mountain to the place where I had found him the first time. I found him sitting in the middle of the cave, with a great jar outside, for it was the season of the filling of the water, and a great stone was placed at its mouth. His eyes were closed because of the jar outside. He fell to the ground and let his hand go out, as if to die. But I seized him and raised him up, weeping over him, saying, \"Stop! You are suffering so much, O my holy father!\" He said to me, \"Why have you come to this place, O my son?\" I said to him, \"I am suffering greatly; I came to inform you.\" He was silent.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'bless' when directed at a person, as here; the narrator is told he will receive a blessing from the brother.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲉⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲉⲩⲉ (from Greek πολιτεία) denotes ascetic practices or the monastic life; the brother wishes to go to his 'ascetic practices' without the narrator knowing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛⲓⲟν (from Greek ἀνδαιμόνιον) is a rare term for a demon or evil spirit; the narrator identifies himself as 'the demon' in a moment of self-accusation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from dialogue (the brother's refusal to let the narrator go until the Sabbath) to interior monologue (the narrator's demonic self-reproach), then to narrative action (finding the father in the cave).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The detail of a great jar (ⲕⲁⲩⲥⲱⲛ) for water storage and a stone placed at its mouth reflects the practical asceticism of Egyptian monks, who often lived in caves with minimal provisions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲁϥⲛⲉⲧⲃ̄ ⲣⲱϥ (literally 'he was silent') is rendered in the English draft as 'He was silent,' but the verb ⲛⲉⲧⲃ̄ may also imply a deliberate or prolonged silence, not merely a pause.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the brother' (ⲡⲥⲟⲛ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a fellow monk or to the narrator's spiritual father, Apa Haron, mentioned in the previous passage.","The phrase 'the first day that he went out' (ⲡϣⲟⲣⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ) is unclear: it could mean the first day of the week (Sunday) or the first day the brother left the narrator's presence."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":80,"ref":"p80","source":"ⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ • ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲑⲏⲡ ⲛⲉ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϫⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲕϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ\nϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • ⲛⲁⲙⲉ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲛ ϯⲛⲁϩⲡ̄ • ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛ ⲉ\nⲣⲟⲕ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉⲕϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲟⲡⲟⲩ\nϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲁ ⲥ︤ⲏ︦ⲣ︥ • ⲛ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥϯⲥⲟ •","english":"of mockery. He said, \"Truly, your good deeds are hidden, my son. I entreated him, saying, 'I beg you, by your holy fatherhood, why do you subject yourself to these labors and these ascetic practices?' The true elder, Apa Hārōn, answered, 'I will hide nothing from you, my son, concerning what you seek. For at the time when I recall the labors that my good brother endured for the sake of the good, until he gave up his life.'","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Hārōn is a monastic elder; the title 'Apa' is retained as a form of address per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Greek loanword πολιτεία, here meaning 'ascetic practices' or 'monastic discipline', a standard term in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲃⲉ means 'mockery' or 'derision'; the opening phrase 'of mockery' likely concludes a preceding speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a dialogue: the narrator recounts his entreaty to Apa Hārōn, who then responds with a recollection of his brother's labors.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'holy fatherhood' (ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛⲧⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ) reflects the Coptic monastic reverence for the spiritual father (apa) as a guide.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text breaks off mid-sentence at ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥϯⲥⲟ, likely 'until he gave up his life'; the English draft supplies the conclusion, but the original is fragmentary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The opening phrase 'ⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲃⲉ' may be a genitive or a prepositional phrase; the reading 'of mockery' is adopted from the English draft.","The name 'ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ' is transcribed as 'Apa Hārōn' following the draft; the Coptic spelling is consistent with a known Egyptian name."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":81,"ref":"p81","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛ ⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϯ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲛⲟϥ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ϣⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉ ⲉ ϣⲡ̄\nϩⲓⲥⲉ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲁⲛⲟⲛ • ϩⲱⲱⲛ • ϣϣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲧ︤ⲣ︦ⲛ︥ϥⲓ\nϩⲁ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϣⲁⲛⲧ ⲉϥⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛϭⲙ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲡⲟⲗⲩⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲧ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲉⲛⲉ |\nⲙⲉϥⲥⲉ ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲉ\nⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲩϣⲏ • ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲫⲁⲛⲧⲁⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲓⲁ\nⲉⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ ⲧⲁⲥⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲗⲉϩⲙⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ\nⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧ︦ⲣ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓⲕⲓⲙ • ⲉ ⲡⲁ\nⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲃⲉⲗϩⲙⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϥⲥⲏϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲟⲙ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥϫⲁϫⲉ • ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ • ⲱϣ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϯϩⲉ • ϩⲟⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙⲉⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲓⲥⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲧⲃⲟⲩ • ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲟⲩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲟⲧⲃⲟⲩ ϩⲓϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲛϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ϫⲉ ϩⲉⲛ ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ\nⲙⲁⲣ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲁⲛ •","english":"of our race, out of the captivity of the devil. He gave his body and his blood for us, until I say, \"If God has endured suffering for us, we too ought to endure suffering for him.\" Who will bear suffering until he shows mercy to us on the day of our finding? When he had said these things, we arose, we went out, we went to our dwelling place on that day, and he continued in this manner on that day, when he would eat, he would not taste death within him, and on the day when he would drink water, he would not eat. It happened one night while we were sleeping in our dwelling place, the demons made a phantasm, crying out with the voice of wild beasts. When I heard them, I was troubled and moved toward my father, saying, \"The wild beasts have come to us.\" But he said to me, \"Do not be afraid, my son, for it is written that in our God we will do a mighty deed, and also, 'Let God arise and scatter his enemies.'\" When he had said these things, we arose, we went to the place of the roof, and the demons were crying out in that manner. Some said, \"Bring them out so that we may kill them,\" others said, \"Let us kill them on the spot.\" But the saint knew by the spirit that they were demons. He said to me, \"Let us give them.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (διάβολος) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary; the etymological sense 'slanderer' is not operative here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) names God in this Christian context, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϥⲥⲏϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲟⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The elder cites a written authority: 'it is written that in our God we will do a mighty deed.' This echoes Psalm 118 (LXX 117): 'God is mighty' or similar confidence in divine power, though the exact verse is not identified.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥϫⲁϫⲉ ϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The elder quotes: 'Let God arise and scatter his enemies.' This is a free adaptation of Psalm 68:1 (LXX 67:2) or similar, where God is called to rise against foes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The demons' phantasm and cries (ⲟⲩⲫⲁⲛⲧⲁⲥⲓⲁ) reflect a common hagiographic motif: demonic deception through sensory illusions, testing the monk's discernment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲉ is rendered 'the place of the roof' in the English draft, but ⲧⲡⲉ can also mean 'heaven' (see pinned glossary). The context of ascending to confront demons suggests a rooftop, but the ambiguity is noted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲧⲡⲉ is ambiguous: it may mean 'the place of the roof' (as taken in the draft) or 'the place of heaven' (a spiritual realm). The narrative context of demons crying out and the elder's calm response supports the rooftop reading, but the spiritual sense is not excluded.","The final phrase ⲙⲁⲣ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲁⲛ is incomplete in the Coptic; the English draft supplies 'Let us give them' but the object is missing. The passage breaks off, likely due to manuscript damage."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."}]},{"i":82,"ref":"p82","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲁ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓⲣϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ϫⲉ ⲙⲏ • ϣⲁⲩⲣ ϯ\nⲁϣⲏ • ⲛⲥⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⁘- | ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲱ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲛ • ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ\nϫⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲉⲓⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲁⲧ • ϩⲁ\nⲟⲩⲕⲟⲟϩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲱⲙ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲟⲩ","english":"to prayer. And immediately they gave themselves to prayer. And immediately they gave themselves to prayer. They fled into the desert. I, however, marveled and said to the holy old man, Apa Haron, \"Do the demons often change their forms?\" He said, \"You have seen, O my son, a small thing. This is what you have done. For indeed, a brother said to me, 'It happened to me once, as I was standing under a mountain in the days of summer, that my sheep","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron is the monastic father addressed here. The title 'Apa' is retained as a form of address, distinct from the biological sense of 'father'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ϣⲗⲏⲗ is rendered as 'prayer' in the English draft, consistent with the pinned glossary term.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The desert (ⲡⲉⲓⲁ) is a common setting in monastic literature, symbolising both physical withdrawal and spiritual struggle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains a repetitive structure: 'to prayer. And immediately they gave themselves to prayer. And immediately they gave themselves to prayer.' This may reflect a scribal duplication or an intentional emphasis on the monks' devotion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text shows possible corruption or repetition: 'ⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ' appears to repeat the same phrase twice, possibly due to a scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲁ' is ambiguous: it could mean 'they fled into the desert' (as in the English draft) or 'they fled in the desert' (i.e., within it). The reading taken follows the draft.","The Coptic 'ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ' is ambiguous: it could mean 'this is what you have done' (as in the draft) or 'this is what you have placed'. The context supports the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":83,"ref":"p83","source":"ⲡⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲓϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲣⲁⲃⲇⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲃ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ϫⲣⲟ\nⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲱ̄ ⲡϣⲟⲉⲓϫ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ • ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲕ • ⲉ ⲥ︦ⲗ︦ⲥ︦ⲱⲗ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲡⲥⲟⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ\nⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲗ︦ϩ︦ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥ⳨ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲣ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲓⲡⲁϩ︤ⲧ︥ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲉⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ϭⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲛ ⲁⲧ\nϣⲁⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥\nⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲉ\nⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛⲉϫ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ • ⲁϥⲥⲟⲕ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲉⲙⲥⲁϩ • ⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲡⲁⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲟϫ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁϥⲁϣⲕⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲥⲓϣⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲁϥ • ⲉⲛⲉϥⲡⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ • ϩⲓ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϫⲓ ϣⲕⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲥⲟⲗⲡ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲛ̄ⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲣ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ • ⲁϥⲡⲗⲩⲅⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ •","english":"He did not eat, nor did he drink, nor did he sit down. Then a demon came, holding a rod of gold in its hand. It said to me, \"Conquer yourself, O poor one of Christ, for you have fought well. I have seen your labors. They have sent you to Solomon.\" But the brother who was there, when he saw the deception of the devil, he made the sign of the cross on the ground. Immediately the demon became invisible. When the holy one, Apa Haron, said these things, I fell at his feet and besought him, saying, \"Who is that brother?\" He said, \"Rise up, and I will tell you.\" When I rose up, he said to me, \"Look, do not tell anyone. I am that servant.\" This happened to me. And it happened also on another day, while we were sitting together, a man came out of the mountain with his son, to wash themselves in the river. And when the little son put his hand into the water to wash, a great crocodile drew him in and snatched him away and went off immediately. Then his father threw himself on the ground, crying out, weeping with a loud voice, for he had no other son besides him. But as he ran on the mountain, crying out, he tore his body on the sharp rocks in the cave, and he wounded his body. Only I was there.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (diabolos) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary, distinguishing it from ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ (daimonion) used earlier in the passage for a lesser demon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (sōma) appears twice in the final lines, referring to the father's physical body torn on rocks. In ascetic literature, the body is the site of struggle, here literalized in grief.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is left untranslated per the pinned glossary to avoid confusion with biological father (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) used later in the passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥ︦ⲗ︦ⲥ︦ⲱⲗ︦ⲕ︦","severity":"info","text":"The nomina sacra ⲥ︦ⲗ︦ⲥ︦ⲱⲗ︦ⲕ︦ (Solomon) refers to King Solomon, associated with exorcism and demon control in early Christian tradition, as in the Testament of Solomon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue within a dialogue: Apa Haron narrates two episodes (a demonic encounter and a crocodile attack) to Paphnutius, who then responds. The framing shifts from first-person narration to embedded speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'I am that servant' (ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ) is ambiguous: it may mean Apa Haron identifies himself as the brother who made the sign of the cross, or as a servant of God. The Coptic lacks a clear antecedent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'that brother' (ⲡⲥⲟⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ) is ambiguous: Apa Haron's claim 'I am that servant' may refer to himself or to another figure. The Coptic does not resolve whether the brother and the servant are the same person.","The phrase 'they have sent you to Solomon' (ⲁⲩⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲕ ⲉ ⲥ︦ⲗ︦ⲥ︦ⲱⲗ︦ⲕ︦) is obscure; it may be a demonic taunt or a reference to a lost tradition about Solomon's power over demons."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":84,"ref":"p84","source":"ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲕⲁϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ • ⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲉⲣ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲁϥϫⲱⲣ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲡⲗⲩⲅⲏ • ⲉⲧ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁϥϥⲱⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ • ⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ\nϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧ︤ϥ︥ ⲛ̄ϫⲛⲁⲁϩ • ⲁϥⲧⲣ︤ϥ︥ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲣ̄ϫⲛⲟⲟⲩϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ","english":"Now when I saw his great grief of heart, I said to my father. He arose and came to the door. He opened his hand to send me away to his mouth. When he came, however, he saw the wounds that were in his body. He wiped away the blood that was flowing downward in his body. He seized him and took him inside to his dwelling place. He took him and made him sit down. When he sent him away, however, he did not know what had happened.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrator sees the father's grief and speaks to him; the father then rises, comes to the door, and opens his hand to dismiss the narrator to his mouth — a gesture of blessing or dismissal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) appears twice: first in reference to the wounds (ⲛⲉⲡⲗⲩⲅⲏ) on the body, then in the description of blood flowing downward in the body. In ascetic literature, the body is the site of struggle, here marked by wounds and blood.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the narrator's direct speech to a sequence of actions: the father rises, comes, opens his hand, then sees the wounds, wipes blood, seizes the person, takes him inside, and makes him sit. The final clause notes the father's ignorance of the event.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲁϥϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ is rendered 'took him inside to his dwelling place,' but ⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲉ could also mean 'place of sitting' or 'cell.' The English draft's 'dwelling place' is a plausible but not exact equivalent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a father figure wiping blood from a disciple's body and bringing him inside recalls common hagiographic patterns of spiritual fatherhood and care for the ascetic's physical state, as seen in the Paphnutius cycle.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the person whose body is wounded is ambiguous: the Coptic uses ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ (his body) but the antecedent could be the father or another figure; the English draft assumes the father's body, but the previous passage describes a demonic encounter involving a brother, so the wounded person may be the brother.","The phrase ⲁϥⲧⲣ︤ϥ︥ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (he made him sit down) could be read as the father making the wounded person sit, or as the father sitting down himself; the English draft takes the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":85,"ref":"p85","source":"ϥ̄ϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲕⲛⲁϭ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲣⲏⲩ • ⲕⲛⲁϭ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲃⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓϭ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲉϥⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ • ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲱ • ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ ⁘|ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲁ ⲕⲛⲟⲓ ⲛ ⲧⲁⲥⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ • ⲁⲓϫⲓⲧϥ ⲇⲉ ϣⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲛⲉⲡⲗⲩⲅⲏ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁϥⲣϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϩⲣⲟⲕ • ⲉⲕⲡⲗⲩⲅⲏ • ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲇⲉ\nⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ\nϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲕ︤ⲙ︥ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲥ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϫⲓⲧⲥ̄ • ⲛⲟϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲙ̄ⲥⲁϩ • ϥⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲛⲟϫ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲧⲗⲁⲕⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ ϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲥⲁϩ • ⲁϥⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲟ • ⲉⲙⲛ̄\nⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϣⲁ ⲛ︦ϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲟ • ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲁϥⲉϣⲗⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲉ\nⲁϥϩⲱⲗϭ̄ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥϯⲡⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲉϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ •","english":"He said to him, my father said to me, \"Arise, see if you will find a man on the road, call to him. Perhaps you will find him knowing how to speak with him.\" When I went, I found a man from the prison, hanging from a tree, about to go to Syene. I called to him. I said to him, \"Do you know the language of the Anoubans?\" He said, \"Yes.\" I took him to my father, Apa Haron. When that man saw the Anouban, with the wounds in his body, he marveled greatly. He said to him, \"Are you not wounded, Anouban?\" The Anouban told him what had happened. The holy one, Apa Haron, took a wooden plank and gave it to him, saying, \"Take it, throw it down into the river, to the place where the crocodile took your son from it.\" And he went as he had told him. When he threw the wooden plank into the water, a great crocodile came, cast the small child onto the bank, with no harm to his body. And it took his hand and brought him to the holy elder. When Apa Haron the Anouban saw the miracle, he laughed aloud for joy, embraced him, and kissed him. The man went to the prison; he did not go to Syene that day, but he walked about telling the miracle that had happened. When the Anouban saw it...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"In this passage ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the body of the child, unharmed after the crocodile ordeal, consistent with the ascetic sense of the body as a site of struggle and preservation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ is used for Apa Haron, marking him as a monastic father; it is left untranslated to avoid confusion with biological fatherhood in the same sentence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Syene (modern Aswan) was a Roman garrison town and prison site in Upper Egypt, often associated with exile and hard labor in monastic narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ likely refers to an inhabitant of the Anouba region (Nubia), indicating a foreign or non-Egyptian origin for the character, which may explain the language barrier.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a miracle story, framed by the narrator's report of Apa Haron's instructions and the Anouban's response, typical of Coptic monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end is truncated mid-sentence ('When the Anouban saw it...'), likely due to a manuscript break or OCR lacuna; the English draft supplies a plausible continuation but the original is incomplete.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the man from the prison' is unclear: he may be a prisoner or a former prisoner; the Coptic ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ could mean 'a man from the prison' or 'a prison man'.","The phrase 'ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ' (the holy one) could refer to Apa Haron or to the Anouban; the context suggests Apa Haron, but the syntax is ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":86,"ref":"p86","source":"ⲉ ⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲉϥϯ\nⲉⲟⲟⲩ | ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲉϥⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ\nⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϣⲁ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ Ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱϩⲉ\nⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲓⲧⲉ ⲡⲏϩ • ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲡⲉ • ⲙⲉϩ ⲉⲓⲁⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲓϣⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ\nⲁⲓϯ ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉⲓⲥⲱⲕ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϣⲛⲏ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉϥϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥϣⲛⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲃⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲉϣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ • ⲉ ⲥⲉⲕ ⲡⲉϣⲛⲏ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁϣⲧ̄ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲣ̄ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ϫⲥ̄ • ⲛ\nⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲓⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁ • ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲡ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲓ • ⲛⲥⲁⲃ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲁϥ • ⲡ︦ϩ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲟ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ⁘ |\nϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲥ̄ ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ\nⲕⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ •","english":"And the wonder happened. He went to his house, glorifying God, and proclaiming what had happened. And all who heard gave glory to God and to the holy Apa Haron, until this day. And it happened also on one day, while we were sitting in our dwelling place, a man came weeping to our door, his clothes torn, his head full of ashes, weeping greatly in a lament. And I gave my voice to him, saying, \"What has happened to you?\" And he said to me, \"It has happened to me that I was pulling the rope with my little son, while he was in the boat in a storm. He fell down into the water. He went down to the abyss, and I was not able to pull the rope up, because the water was very strong. Then I remembered my Lord, the holy father Apa Haron. I arose and came to him, so that his grace might save me, for he is a true son to me. And I arose and went and told my father. He arose and came down. And the man prostrated himself at his feet, worshiping him, saying, 'Help me, O Christ, save me! Grant me my son, for I have only him.' And the blessed old man said to him, 'Go, my son, in the name of the Lord. I believe that you will find your son sitting in the boat.' And he said, 'I believe.'","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ denotes prostration in worship, a gesture of submission. Here the man prostrates at Apa Haron's feet, a physical act of veneration distinct from prayer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Apa is a monastic title, left untranslated to distinguish it from biological father (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ). The passage uses both: Apa Haron is the holy father, while the man refers to his own father as ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The man addresses Apa Haron as 'O Christ' (ⲡⲉⲭⲥ), a striking identification that echoes the monastic trope of the abba as an alter Christus. No specific verse is quoted, but the invocation parallels Christ's role as saviour.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲓϣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The lament (ⲥⲓϣⲉ) is a formal dirge, typical of Coptic monastic narratives to heighten emotional drama. The man's torn clothes and ash-covered head are conventional signs of mourning in late antique Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a dialogue: the weeping man narrates his story to the narrator, who then reports it. The nested structure is typical of the Histories, framing miracles through multiple witnesses.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The closing exchange of faith ('I believe') mirrors the liturgical response of the congregation, reinforcing the didactic purpose: the miracle validates trust in the holy man's intercession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ could be read as 'the wonder happened' or 'the wonder that happened'; the translation takes it as a main clause.","The phrase ⲉϥϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥϣⲛⲉ is ambiguous: 'while he was in the boat in a storm' or 'while he was in the boat with a storm'; the sense is clear.","The man's address 'O Christ' to Apa Haron may be a textual corruption or a deliberate theological statement; the reading follows the latter."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":87,"ref":"p87","source":"ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲓ ⲁϥϩⲉ • ⲉ\nⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁϥϫⲛ ⲉ\nⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ\nⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲉⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲃⲱ • ⲉϯ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲓϥⲉ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲛⲁϭ︤ⲃ︥ϣⲁ • ⲁⲓϭⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ϭⲓϫ • ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲁⲃⲱ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲓⲗⲟ • ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛ̄ⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱ︦ⲛ︦ Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ\nⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉϥⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ ⲉⲩⲃⲛ̄ⲛⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲕⲱⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ\nⲁⲧϣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲥⲟⲗⲡ̄ ⲁϥϩⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲁϥⲣⲑⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲓϣⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲱⲧⲉ • | ⲛ\nⲧⲉⲣ [ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧ]ⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲉϥⲛⲏϫ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲩϣⲃⲏⲣ ⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲧ\nⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ϫⲓ ⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲁⲡⲏ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲙⲉϣⲁⲕ • ϥⲛⲁⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ •","english":"...ere with the holy Apa Haron. And it happened also on one day, while we were with the holy Apa Haron, there was a man, a vinedresser, who was working in a vineyard. And it happened that when he climbed up a vine to tie up its fruit, the ladder slipped, and he fell backward onto the ground, and became like one dead. His son was sitting under the vine, and when he saw what had happened, he wept bitterly. And the men who were around him, when they heard his voice crying out, they went to see what had happened. And when they saw this one lying on the ground, who was their companion, being like one dead, they said to his son, \"Go to the holy Apa Haron, and receive water from him in faith, and pour it upon him; perhaps he will recover.\" The young son...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ (faith) carries the sense of faithful trust in the holy man's power, not mere intellectual assent; the water is efficacious only when received with this disposition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ (fruit) in this homiletic context refers to the vine's produce, but the allegorical sense of virtue or work is latent, as the narrative ties the fruit to the man's labour and subsequent miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ (grace) denotes the unearned favour of God, here received through the holy man's blessing; the phrase ⲁϥϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ indicates the man accepted grace from Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron is a monastic father whose intercessory power is central; the narrative reflects the Coptic tradition of holy men dispensing blessed water as a remedy, a practice attested in monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue embedded within a miracle story; the direct speech of the men to the son ('Go to the holy Apa Haron...') shifts the narrative from description to instruction, typical of hagiographic exempla.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲏ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏⲥ is obscure; it may mean 'at the time of the south wind' or be a toponym. The English draft omits it, and the Coptic is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲏ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲏⲥ is unclear; possibly a temporal or locative expression. The reading taken follows the English draft's omission.","The Coptic ⲛⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ is partially reconstructed; the text has ⲛⲧⲉⲣ [ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧ]ⲙ̄, indicating a lacuna filled by conjecture."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ → “fruit”. Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."}]},{"i":88,"ref":"p88","source":"ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲉϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ • ⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ\nϣⲏⲙ • ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲙ̄ⲕⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϥ̄ϥⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲓⲉⲛⲧ︦︦ϥ︦ ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲛⲟϫϥ̄ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲟϫⲕ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲇⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ | ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲓⲛⲟⲩϫⲕ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲙ[ⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱ]ⲕ • ⲁⲕⲃⲟϭ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲁⲕⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲕ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ • ϩⲁ\nⲡϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲕ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ︤ⲥ︥ⲉⲓ • ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲟϩ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲥϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ\nⲁⲥⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ\nⲛ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲥⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲛⲉⲥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩⲗⲩⲡⲉⲓ •","english":"He went to the holy one weeping. The holy one, however, was sitting near the door, for he had come in the heat, suffering. The little son fell down before him and told him what had happened. The righteous one, when he heard what had happened, was grieved in his heart. He said to me, \"Bring me a little water.\" He took it and threw it on him in the name of Christ. I brought it to him. He made the sign of the cross over it and gave it to him, saying, \"Take it and throw it on him.\" And when he threw it on him, he arose immediately. He came with his son and worshipped the holy Apa Haron. He himself, however, raised him up, saying, \"Worship God, for I am a lowly one.\" When he arose, his son told him what had happened, saying, \"When I threw the water on you, you were cleansed and stood up as if you had never been ill from the fever.\" And thus they went away from him in peace. A woman in that district, when she was about to give birth, her child was stillborn in her womb and died. And when she remembered the miracles that God performs through the holy Apa Haron, she cried out, saying, \"God of the holy Apa Haron, hear me in this hour of need!\" Immediately she gave birth to the little child, though it was dead. Her parents, however, grieved.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ denotes prostration in worship, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'. Here the vinedresser and his son prostrate before Apa Haron, who redirects worship to God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (Greek εἰρήνη) appears in the phrase ϩⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ, a liturgical formula meaning 'in peace', not a comment on civil order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the name of Christ' (ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦) echoes the early Christian practice of invoking Christ's name in healing, as seen in Acts 3:6 and 19:13.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ 'the righteous one' is a standard epithet for a monastic father in Coptic hagiography, emphasizing his moral authority and ascetic virtue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains two healing miracles: the vinedresser's revival and the stillborn child's birth. Both follow a pattern: crisis, appeal to the holy man, invocation of Christ, and immediate resolution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙ[ⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱ]ⲕ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna: ⲡⲙ[ⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱ]ⲕ. The reconstruction 'the water on you' is plausible but not certain; the English draft reads 'the water on you'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna ⲡⲙ[ⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱ]ⲕ is reconstructed; the exact phrase is uncertain.","The phrase ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ (you had never been ill) is ambiguous: it could mean 'you had never been ill' or 'you had never suffered'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":89,"ref":"p89","source":"ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲧϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲛⲁⲩ","english":"heard this, he said to the little son, \"Do not be troubled. The child is not dead, but the Lord has taken him to himself.\" And he said to the little daughter, \"Go, and you will find him sitting under the tree.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The holy one's reassurance that the child is not dead but taken by the Lord reflects a common monastic trope of divine intervention and consolation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ' (the little son) and 'ⲧϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ' (the little daughter) are diminutive forms, likely indicating young children or spiritual children in the monastic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The statement 'the Lord has taken him to himself' echoes biblical language of death as being gathered to God, e.g., in the Old Testament (Genesis 5:24) and New Testament (John 14:3).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a child found sitting under a tree after a presumed death appears in other monastic tales, symbolizing divine protection and the innocence of the young.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes a narrative unit where the holy one performs a miracle of restoration, transitioning from grief to resolution, typical of the episodic structure in the Histories of the Monks of Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is fragmentary; the English draft supplies the missing conclusion. The exact wording of the holy one's command to the little daughter is not fully preserved in the Coptic source.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text breaks off before the holy one's speech; the English draft reconstructs the dialogue, but the original Coptic may have had different phrasing or additional details."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"check","severity":"info","code":"ratio-warn","text":"Automatic check: the English/source length ratio is outside the usual band for Coptic — a sign that something was dropped or added, not proof that it was."}]},{"i":90,"ref":"p90","source":"ⲉ ⲛⲉⲥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ • ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲁϩⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲃⲏⲗ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲁⲓϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲙⲟⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ\nⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉ\nϩⲛ̄ⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉⲡ︤ⲛ︦ⲁ︥ • ϫⲉ\nⲥⲉⲛⲏⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲕ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ϣⲧⲁⲙ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nⲟⲩⲉⲓ | ⲇⲉ • ⲟⲩⲣ̄ • ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ̄ • ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥϭⲱϣⲧ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲟϣⲧ̄\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲛϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ︤ⲣ︥ ⲭⲣⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲉⲓ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲛⲉⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϫⲓ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ ϯ\nⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ • ⲛⲅ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲉⲓ • ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙ︤ⲛ︥ⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲟⲙ︤ⲛ︦ⲧ︥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ • ⲉⲡⲓϯⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ • ⲉϥϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲁⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲉϥⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲕ • ϩⲓ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁ ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟⲥ •","english":"Her parents were grieving in their hearts. She said to them, \"Why are you grieving in your hearts over the little child? For I have asked God, the holy Apa Haron, whether I would die in my body.\" When her parents heard this, for they were wealthy, they took some money in their hands and went to the holy Apa Haron. He, however, knew in the spirit that they were coming to his door. He said to them, \"Close the door. Do not let anyone in to me today.\" When they arrived, a great multitude was pressing in, but he looked outside with a stern gaze and said to them, \"Whom do you seek?\" They answered, \"We seek your holiness.\" He said, \"What do you need?\" They said, \"We have come so that we might meet your holiness and receive from your hand a small blessing, and you will pray over the little child so that he may live, for his mother also invoked your name at the time she came to give birth. Otherwise, her two children would have died.\" The holy Apa Haron said to them, \"Well did the apostle say, 'The root of all evil is the love of money.' And also Peter rebuked Simon, saying, 'May your silver and your gold be destroyed with you, because you thought that the gift of God is bought.'","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword εὐλογία here carries the concrete monastic sense of blessed bread given to visitors, not an abstract blessing. The parents seek a tangible token from Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲟⲙⲛⲧ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron quotes a saying attributed to an apostle: 'The root of all evil is the love of money.' This echoes 1 Timothy 6:10 (Vulgate: radix omnium malorum avaritia), though the Coptic wording is adapted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲡⲓϯⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The text refers to Peter rebuking Simon (Magus) for thinking the gift of God can be bought. This is not a canonical verse but a known apocryphal or patristic motif, likely from the Pseudo-Clementine literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron is a monastic father with clairvoyance (knows in the spirit of the parents' approach). His refusal of visitors and stern gaze reflect the ascetic ideal of detachment from worldly wealth and patronage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue within a dialogue: the daughter addresses her parents, then the parents address Apa Haron, and the holy man responds with scriptural rebuke. The shift from narrative to direct speech marks a climactic moral lesson.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic syntax is ambiguous: 'I asked God, the holy Apa Haron' could mean she asked God through Apa Haron, or that she addressed Apa Haron as a divine figure. The latter is unlikely in orthodox Coptic context; the reading taken is that she asked God concerning Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲓⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ is ambiguous: it may mean 'I asked God concerning the holy Apa Haron' or 'I asked the holy Apa Haron as God'. The former is adopted.","The identity of the 'apostle' quoted is not specified; it may be Paul (1 Timothy) or a general apostolic saying.","The reference to Peter and Simon is not from the canonical New Testament; its source is uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ → “blessing”. Greek εὐλογία. In monastic and liturgical texts the concrete sense is the blessed bread given to visitors; the abstract sense is a blessing."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ carries more than one sense (doxology, eulogia (blessed bread)); this passage takes it as “blessing”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":91,"ref":"p91","source":"ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲧⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣ (sic) ⲅⲓⲉⲓⲥⲉⲓ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲃ︦ϩ︦ • ⲡⲉⲛ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲃⲱⲕ • ⲡⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛⲧ ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲛ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nϩⲁⲧ • ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲇⲉ • ϩⲱⲱⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲟⲩⲛ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲡⲓⲥ (sic) • ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲧⲇⲱⲣⲉⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ [ϫ]ⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲛⲁϫⲟⲕⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⁘-| ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ [ⲁϥϫⲓ]","english":"through money, this one, because of the love of humility, they have written (sic) \"Giese\" (sic) in a book, our Lord Jesus also, he said to the king, \"Go, your son is alive,\" but he did not give him a calf, nor silver. As for you, all of you, if you have faith, the gift of Christ will be yours. They answered, \"We believe in our holy father. Whatever works you will send to us, Christ will accomplish them.\" The father of the little child [took]","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ is rendered 'Lord' per the pinned glossary, but here it refers to Christ (ⲡⲉⲛ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦), not a social master.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲡⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our Lord Jesus also said to the king, Go, your son is alive' echoes a gospel saying, possibly John 4:50 or a variant, but the exact verse is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲡⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲟ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦","severity":"info","text":"The narrative alludes to a king whose son is declared alive, a motif found in apocryphal acts or monastic legends, not in canonical scripture.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣ (sic) ⲅⲓⲉⲓⲥⲉⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲅⲓⲉⲓⲥⲉⲓ is marked (sic) and unclear; the English draft reads 'they have written Giese', likely a proper name or scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ [ϫ]ⲉ ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a scriptural citation to a direct response by the parents, marking a narrative transition from teaching to dialogue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲅⲓⲉⲓⲥⲉⲓ is corrupt; the reading 'they have written Giese' is tentative.","The identity of the king and the source of the saying about the son are unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":92,"ref":"p92","source":"ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲕⲁϩ • ϩⲓⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁϥ[ⲙⲟ]ⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣϣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ\nⲡⲏⲓ • ⲁⲩϩⲉ ⲉⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲙⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲃⲱⲗ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ\nⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲏⲣ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣϣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲕⲓⲙ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲣ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲩϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ϩⲉⲛϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϯ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ\nⲟⲛ • ⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲏⲡ • ⲉ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲁϥϭⲱ ⲉϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲉϥϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉⲓⲭⲣⲉⲱⲥⲧⲉⲓ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲙⲏⲧ • ⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ϩⲣⲟϣ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ ϥⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲉϥⲭⲣⲉⲱⲥⲧⲉⲓ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ϥⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁϩⲟϥ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉ ϯϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲙⲩⲑⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲁ\nϭⲓⲛⲱⲛ︤ϩ︥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ | ⲛϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓϯ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲙⲏⲥⲉ • ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁ\nⲅⲁⲣ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ •","english":"a small piece of earth, at the door of his dwelling place, he bound it to his foot, and when they entered the house, they found a great multitude gathered with his wife and her child. His father untied the small piece of earth that was bound to his foot and threw it upon the small dead child. Immediately, the child moved his body and opened his eyes. Those who were sitting near her were amazed; they gave glory to God, the holy Apa Haron. But a multitude who were in various illnesses used to be brought to his door, and he would heal them, being like the apostles to whom God gave authority over every illness. Moreover, a man came to his door one day, hidden from the city of Souan, and he remained weeping at his door, saying, \"A rich man in the city, I owe him ten gold coins. I did not find them to give to him. I begged him, 'Have compassion on me, concerning the debt I owe him.' But he did not accept; rather, he seized me because of his debt, wishing to take from me my vineyard which I had planted for my parents, to find a little consolation for my heart, because of my livelihood and my poor children. And I give him his measure. I beg your holiness to send to him that he may accept from me, so that one of his household...","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the corpse of the child, consistent with its use in martyrdom accounts for the dead body. The child's movement of his body signals the miracle of resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is used for the monastic father Haron, distinguishing him from the biological father (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) earlier in the passage. It is left untranslated to avoid confusion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'like the apostles' echoes the apostolic authority to heal, as in Acts 5:12–16 and the broader New Testament tradition of apostolic healing miracles. The text explicitly compares Apa Haron to the apostles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Souan (ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ) is the Coptic name for Syene (modern Aswan), a city in Upper Egypt. This geographical detail situates the narrative in a known monastic region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a miracle narrative (resurrection of the child) to a healing ministry summary, then to a personal plea from a debtor. This tripartite structure is typical of hagiographic anecdotes that combine wonder, apostolic comparison, and moral appeal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥ[ⲙⲟ]ⲣ︦ϥ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥ[ⲙⲟ]ⲣ︦ϥ︦ is partially reconstructed; the lacuna likely supplies ⲙⲟⲣϥ (he bound it). The sense is clear from context, but the exact reading is uncertain due to manuscript damage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲅⲁⲣ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ' at the end is fragmentary; the English draft interprets it as 'so that one of his household...' but the Coptic may be incomplete or corrupt."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":93,"ref":"p93","source":"ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁϯ ⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϥⲛⲁⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϩⲱϣ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲛⲁⲣ ⲁⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲛⲥⲱⲕ • ⲁⲛ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲛⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ\nⲣⲟⲩϩⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϫⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲙⲁ • ϣⲁ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ","english":"He said to me, \"He will compel you, concerning the head covering. He will make you shave, and you will renounce your place of the vine. And I believe that if you send to him, he will not listen to you at all.\" As he was saying these things, he was weeping. The time of evening came. And he arose, saying that he would go to his house. But Apa Hārōn, when he saw his distress of heart, said to him, \"Sit here in this place until morning, for the time has advanced, and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲕⲁⲓⲫⲁⲗⲓⲟⲛ (kaiphalion) likely means 'head covering' or 'cowl', a monastic garment. The threat to compel shaving and renunciation of the 'place of the vine' suggests a forced expulsion from the monastic community.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ (ma n eloole) literally 'place of the vine' may refer to a monastic cell or garden, possibly a metaphor for one's allotted dwelling or vocation. The renunciation demanded implies complete severance from the community.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Apa Hārōn (ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ) is a monastic elder whose role as spiritual guide is typical in the Paphnutius cycle. His offer to let the distressed monk stay until morning reflects the monastic practice of providing shelter and counsel to those in crisis.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from direct speech (the elder's warning) to narrative action (weeping, evening, departure) and back to dialogue (Apa Hārōn's invitation). This alternation is characteristic of the narrative sections in the Paphnutius Histories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Greek verb ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓ (prokoptō) means 'to advance' or 'to make progress'. Here it likely refers to the time having advanced (evening), but the Coptic syntax is ambiguous; it could also be read as 'the time is ripe' or 'the hour has come'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker in the opening line ('He said to me') is unclear from the passage alone; the previous context suggests it is a monastic elder addressing the narrator.","The phrase 'place of the vine' may be literal (a vineyard) or metaphorical (a monastic cell or vocation).","The verb ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓ could refer to time or to spiritual progress; the context favors a temporal reading."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":94,"ref":"p94","source":"ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲧⲁⲩⲗⲏ • ϩⲓ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ϫⲓ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙ︤ⲛ︥ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲅ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ϣⲁ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲁⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲓⲣⲉ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ϫⲓ ϯⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲗⲩⲡⲉⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲅ̄\nⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ▨▨▨▨\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲉϣⲡⲓⲑⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧ[ⲱ]ⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲇⲉ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ\nⲛ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϭⲱ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ\nⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲕⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲏⲓ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲟⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲟⲩⲱϩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲣⲱϥ • ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ\nⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ • ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲱ • ⲉⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲕⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ⲉⲩϫⲓ ⲙⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛ • ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲧϥ̄ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ Ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ •","english":"He sat down in the courtyard, outside. My father said to me, \"Take, for yourself, some bread and water, and give them to him. And say to him, 'Sit for yourself until morning, and God will help you.'\" And I did according to the way he told me. And the man did not wish to accept anything because of the grief. And I went and told my father. He came out to his door. He said to him, \"Do not be disobedient, my son. Rise and eat a little bread. And I trust that God will help you.\" And this is how he persuaded him. He rose and ate. The holy one, Apa Haron, rose and went up to the place of the cell, and spent the whole night beseeching God and praying on his behalf. At dawn, when it came, the man sought to go to his house. But the holy one, Apa Haron, said to him, \"Stay a little longer. You will go to your house with your heart at peace.\" And before the word had settled in his mouth, behold, the rich man came, mounted on a donkey, with a servant holding him, and two other men following him, leading the way before him to the judge. His eyes were open, but he did not see outside. He prostrated himself and bowed down at the feet of my father. He took hold of him and raised him up. The holy one said to him, \"Did you not hear the law that says...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The definite article ⲡ- marks ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ as the Christian God, consistent with the glossary entry for Sahidic Coptic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ is retained as a monastic honorific, distinct from ⲉⲓⲱⲧ 'father' used for the biological or spiritual father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ denotes prostration in worship, a gesture of reverence distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ is the standard Coptic verb for prayer, used here in the context of Apa Haron's intercession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲡⲉ refers to the abode of God, not the physical sky, consistent with its use in monastic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲩⲗⲏ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲧⲁⲩⲗⲏ (courtyard) is a Greek loanword; the Coptic text is partially corrupt with lacunae (▨▨▨▨) after ⲧⲓⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ, obscuring the full clause.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has a lacuna after ⲧⲓⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ, leaving the object of trust unclear; the English draft supplies 'that God will help you' as a plausible restoration.","The phrase ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ is ambiguous: it may mean his eyes were open but he could not see, or that he was blind despite open eyes; the English draft takes the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":95,"ref":"p95","source":"ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲕⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲏ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲧ▨ⲉϣϫⲉ\nⲛⲛⲉⲛϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲁ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨[ⲡⲉϫ]ⲁϥ ⲟⲛ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲏⲓ |\nⲉⲩⲏⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲧⲱϭⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲉⲩⲥⲱϣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲉϥⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉⲓ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ • ⲟⲩⲟⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲱⲃ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ϭⲉⲉⲧ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ • ϫⲓⲛ","english":"to him, saying, \"Do not covet anything of your neighbor's goods, neither his house, nor his field, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor's.\" But if we send all the... he said also... a house that is roofed with a field, a field, that they might take from their neighbor this word, saying, \"Woe! Woe!\" revealing the matter openly, for a great punishment awaits the one who covets the goods of his neighbor, from","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ (epithymein) means 'to covet' or 'to desire', here in a negative sense of coveting a neighbor's goods, a key monastic sin.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲛⲕⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲕ","severity":"info","text":"This prohibition echoes the Decalogue (Exodus 20:17) and the New Testament admonition against covetousness (Romans 13:9), adapted here to monastic renunciation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ (kolasis) is a Greek loanword meaning 'punishment' or 'chastisement', often used in Coptic monastic literature for divine or ascetic discipline.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily lacunose after ⲡϣⲁ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨, and the English draft shows gaps; the exact sequence of the elder's speech is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from direct prohibition (ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ) to a conditional warning (ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ), typical of monastic admonition rhetoric.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage appears in Budge's edition of the Paphnutius Histories, which transmitted the Coptic text to modern scholarship; the Ethiopic version also preserves similar prohibitions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"},{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic after ⲡϣⲁ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ is too damaged to reconstruct the full sentence; the English draft suggests a conditional clause about sending all the brothers, but this is uncertain.","The phrase ⲉⲩⲉϥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ is ambiguous: it may mean 'they might take from their neighbor' or 'they might take from what is before them'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":96,"ref":"p96","source":"ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ • ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲁ • ϣⲁϥϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲙⲁ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁ • ⲛⲁⲕ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲕⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ • ϩⲁ\nⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉ︦ⲃⲓⲏⲛ • ⲛⲛⲓⲛⲉⲩⲏ • ⲡⲁⲧ ⲛⲁ • ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲟⲩⲁⲧ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ\nⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲁ • ϣⲁϥϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙⲏ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲁⲭⲁⲃ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲟⲩ • ϣⲱⲡ︦ⲉ︦ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲃⲟⲩⲑⲁⲓ • ⲡⲓⲥⲣⲁⲉⲓⲗⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱ︦ⲛ︦ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲁⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲁⲕⲉ • ⲗⲟ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ϯⲛⲁⲣ ⲁⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲕ\n▨▨ϩⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛⲁϥ | ϫⲉ\nⲉⲕⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ ⲧⲱⲛⲟⲩ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲥⲱⲧ︤ⲙ︥ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲛⲥⲁϥ\nⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲏⲓ • ⲁⲓⲛⲕⲟⲧ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲁⲓⲛⲉϩⲥⲉ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲁⲓⲁⲓⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲛⲕⲁⲕⲉ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄\nⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ •","english":"A great one, even a small, the least, also reads aloud, namely the Lord, \"Blessed are the merciful, for they are the ones who will have mercy.\" And again, \"The Spirit glorifies itself over your judgment, my son, so that they may have mercy on you in the other place where you will go. It is good for you to set your heart on the poor, so that wickedness may not overtake you, for your judgment is alone, of one who has not done mercy.\" And again, \"The Spirit glorifies itself over your judgment. Have you not heard about Ahab, that what happened to him when he coveted the vineyard of Naboth the Israelite?\" Now when the holy man Apa Haron sent the rich man, he answered, saying, \"My righteous father, who is honored, I beseech Christ for me, that this darkness may remain upon my eyes, and that I may not hear you in any matter.\" The holy man said to him, \"Do you believe that I have the power to do this?\" He answered, \"Now then, my holy father, listen to me, that I may tell your love what happened to me. It happened when the man you spoke with about him went out from beside me. I went into my house, I slept, I rested that night. I perceived this great darkness upon my eyes.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron is a monastic father; the title 'Apa' is retained to distinguish it from biological fatherhood, as in the English draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Blessed are the merciful' echoes Matthew 5:7 (Sahidic: ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲏⲧ), a beatitude on mercy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲭⲁⲃ ... ⲛⲁⲃⲟⲩⲑⲁⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Ahab coveting Naboth's vineyard is from 1 Kings 21, a standard exemplum of covetousness in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲁ ϣⲁϥϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Spirit glorifies itself over your judgment' likely refers to the Holy Spirit's role in judgment, a theme in Coptic monastic exhortations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue: the holy man Apa Haron sends the rich man, who responds with a narrative of his blindness, framed by the holy man's question and the rich man's answer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The abbreviation ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ stands for ⲡⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ (Christ); the Coptic text has a scribal abbreviation, which is standard but may be misread in OCR.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲛⲁ ϣⲁϥϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ' could be interpreted as the Spirit glorifying itself or as a reflexive action; the reading 'glorifies itself' is taken.","The identity of 'the rich man' is not specified in the Coptic; the English draft assumes it is the man sent by Apa Haron."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":97,"ref":"p97","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲁⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲛ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ\nⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙⲙⲁϥ • ⲛⲥⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ\nⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲓⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲓⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲕ • ϩⲱⲱⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲓ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛⲁϥ •","english":"And when morning came, I said to the men, \"I do not see outside today.\" But they said to me, \"Surely this one has brought you concerning the holy Apa Haron. Look at the man you spoke with yesterday about the gold he went to his door.\" When I heard that he had come to your holiness, I knew that this matter had brought me concerning him. I came to your door myself because of this. I believe that you have the power to heal me.\" The holy one said to him,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is retained as a monastic honorific, distinct from 'father' in a biological sense. 'Haron' is a personal name, likely the anchorite visited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The men assert that the visitor has been brought by the holy man (Apa Haron), implying divine or providential agency. The Coptic 'ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ' (brought you) suggests a causative motion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲃ","severity":"info","text":"Gold (ⲛⲟⲩⲃ) appears as a motif in monastic narratives, often symbolizing temptation or material renunciation. Here it is mentioned in a past conversation, not as a present object.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage forms a narrative hinge: the visitor recounts his journey and expresses faith in the holy man's healing power, setting up the expected miraculous response.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲥⲁϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic 'ⲛⲥⲁϥ' (yesterday) is clear, but the phrase 'ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'about the gold he went to his door' or 'about the gold that went to his door'. The English draft opts for the former.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ' could be read as 'this one has brought you concerning the holy one' or 'this one has brought you because of the holy one'. The draft takes the former.","The gold (ⲛⲟⲩⲃ) is mentioned in a past conversation; its role in the narrative is not fully explained here."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":98,"ref":"p98","source":"ϫⲉ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲣ̄ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲕ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲛ︤ⲛ︥ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲛ︤ⲙ︥ⲙⲁϥ\nⲁϥϫⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ\nⲛⲁϥ [two lines illegible] | ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ︤ϥ︥ϯ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲕⲃⲉⲉⲕⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛ ϯⲗⲁⲕⲏⲛⲏ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ • ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲓⲟ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ • ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲧ\nϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉϥϣⲡ̄ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ\nϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︤ϥ︥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ • ϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲕ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲕ ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ︦ⲅ︦ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉⲣ ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲏⲉ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ϣⲡ̄ ϫⲡ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ ⲗⲟⲓϭⲉ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲱ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲱⲣ︦ϣ︦ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϯ ⲃⲉⲉⲕⲉ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣⲑⲉ • ⲙ\nⲡϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ϣⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲕⲁ ϩⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛϭⲱⲣ • ⲛⲁϥ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁϥⲱϭⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ (sic) • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲃⲉ •","english":"If you show mercy to the poor, Christ himself will heal you.\" He called one of those who walked with him, took your document from his hand, and gave it to the righteous Apa Haron. The holy Apa Haron said to him, [two lines illegible] \"In this world, I will give you your reward in the coming age.\" Immediately he sealed his eyes and called to me, saying, \"Bring the flask of water.\" And he said to him, \"I have washed your face with faith.\" At that moment, when he washed his face, he saw again. Those who were near him marveled and glorified God. He arose and worshipped the holy Apa Haron, giving thanks to God with him for his recovery of sight. The holy one then gave the document to the poor man, took his hand, and said, \"You also, show mercy to your neighbor as was done for you, lest you say, 'I am poor and unable to fulfill the commandment of the Gospel.' The Gospel accepts no excuse from you, O poor one, for you to say otherwise. But until they say to you, 'Strive,' God will give you a reward for your mouth. Do not be like the foolish servant whose master gave him many blows for nothing. He went and beat his fellow servant because of others who were against him. But rather, be like the wise servant.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ here denotes 'faithfulness' or 'trust' rather than doctrinal assent, as the washing of the face is performed with a concrete act of trust.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'commandment of the Gospel' (ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ) echoes the dominical command to show mercy, as in Matthew 22:39 and the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30-37).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁϯⲟⲛ (from Greek γραμματεῖον) refers to a written document, likely a letter of recommendation or a petition, which the holy man transfers to Apa Haron and later to the poor man.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains a direct speech exhortation framed by a miracle narrative: the healing of blindness through faith, followed by a moral lesson contrasting the foolish and wise servant.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Two lines are illegible in the Coptic manuscript, creating a lacuna between the holy man's speech and the promise of reward in the coming age. The English draft supplies a conjectural transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The parable of the foolish and wise servant (ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ϣⲁⲩ vs. ϩⲙ̄ϩⲁⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲃⲉ) is a monastic topos, found also in the Apophthegmata Patrum, where the wise servant endures hardship without retaliation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna of two lines obscures the exact wording of the promise of reward. The phrase 'I have washed your face with faith' may be metaphorical or refer to a ritual act; the Coptic ⲉⲓⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ is ambiguous between 'I washed your face in faith' and 'I washed your face with faithfulness'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":99,"ref":"p99","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲛϭⲱⲣ\nϭⲱⲃ ⲛⲁϥ • | ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ̄ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ϫⲉ\nϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ\nⲉ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲟⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ\nⲛⲧⲁⲩϯϩⲏⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲟ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ϯⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ","english":"...the strength of his grip failed him. The poor man answered, \"Pray for me, my holy father, and I will keep all the tasks you have entrusted to me.\" And thus they took leave of each other, and they went out from his presence, glorifying God. As for the rich man, when he went to his house, he told his men all that had happened to him. Now there was also a man in his house whose kidneys were causing him great pain. When he heard of the wonders that the...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲛϭⲱⲣϭⲱⲃ ⲛⲁϥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲛϭⲱⲣϭⲱⲃ ⲛⲁϥ is obscure; it likely means 'when his grip weakened' or 'when his strength failed him', continuing the previous passage's description of a physical or moral collapse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ϣⲗⲏⲗ (pray) is used here in the imperative: 'Pray for me, my holy father.' In Coptic monastic literature, ϣⲗⲏⲗ often denotes intercessory prayer, not merely private devotion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) appears in the phrase 'glorifying God' (ⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ). With the definite article, it refers to the Christian God, consistent with the monastic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a rich man recounting wonders to his household, and a sick man hearing of them, is typical of Coptic miracle stories where hearing of a holy man's deeds prompts healing or conversion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage marks a narrative shift: the poor man's response and departure conclude one episode, while the rich man's return home introduces a new scene with a sick man, setting up a further miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end (ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉ ⲛⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ) is fragmentary; the English draft supplies 'the wonders that the...' but the Coptic breaks off, leaving the object of hearing uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲛϭⲱⲣϭⲱⲃ ⲛⲁϥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'when his grip weakened' or 'when his strength failed him', and the subject (the rich man or the poor man) is not explicit.","The final Coptic clause breaks off; the English draft assumes the sick man heard 'the wonders', but the text does not specify what he heard."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":100,"ref":"p100","source":"ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉⲓⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲛⲁ • ϩⲁ ⲧⲁ ⲙ︤ⲛ︦ⲧ︥ⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ • ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϯⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲣ̄ⲙⲙⲁⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϫⲱϩ • ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲛⲧⲁⲕ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϩⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲱϩ • ⲉ ⲛⲁϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲓⲡⲁϩⲧ̄ ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲗⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϭⲓϫ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ (sic) • ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ\nⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲛⲅ̄ϩⲛ̄ⲧⲕ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ [ⲉ ⲣ]ⲟⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϩⲱⲛ • ⲇⲉ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥ[ⲁⲙⲁϩ]ⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲁϥⲧⲟϭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉϥϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ▨▨▨\nϭⲓϫ▨▨▨▨ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ [one line illegible] |\nⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲗⲟ • ⲉⲩϯⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁϥ • ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲓⲱ • ⲉϥⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲉⲓ\nⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲱ ϩⲉ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲁⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲉⲓⲧ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲕⲁ ⲡⲉⲓⲱ ⲉϥⲛⲏϫ • ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲩⲉⲑⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲡⲁ\nϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲉϥⲟ ⲛⲕⲛⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲣⲱⲃ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲅ̄ⲣⲁϩⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ (sic)• ⲛ ϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ •","english":"...the strength of his grip failed him. The poor man answered, \"Pray for me, my holy father, and I will keep all the tasks you have entrusted to me.\" And thus they took leave of each other, and they went out from his presence.\n\nThe holy man performed them. He said, \"Would that I were the one who was worthy to meet Apa Haron, to receive mercy for my wretchedness, to grasp the healing.\" The man who was giving the alms to the rich man said, \"Apa Haron did not touch any of your limbs.\" He said, \"Indeed, he touched my hands, and I prostrated myself at his feet, I lifted my hands upon his thighs, I worshipped him. He said to me, 'Do me the kindness, and I will bring you in to me.'\" When he entered to him, he took his hand and placed it upon his thighs, saying, \"I believe...\" [one line illegible] ...the holy hand of Apa Haron ... the healing. And this is how his thighs became alms from that time onward. And all who heard gave glory to God and to Apa Haron.\n\nNow there was also a man in the laura who had a donkey working for him in the field. When he came, thinking he would go to his house, the donkey fell at the feet of the field and died. But he, through his great faith, went in to the righteous one. He left the donkey lying outside, dead, and came to him. He told the matter to him. The righteous one said to him, \"He has not died, my son, but he is sleeping.\" He gave him a rod, saying, \"Go and rouse him, three times.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (do me the kindness) uses the Greek loanword ἀγάπη. In this context it denotes a charitable act or favour, not the liturgical meal sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ (faith) appears twice: once in the phrase ⲛⲟϭ ⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ (great faith) describing the man with the donkey, and once in the damaged line ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ (I believe). The latter is a verb form of the same root, indicating personal trust or assent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article refers to the Christian God. The phrase ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (gave glory to God) is a standard doxological formula.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲕ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ (the laura) refers to a semi-eremitic monastic settlement where monks lived in separate cells but gathered for worship. This setting is typical of the desert fathers tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The line containing ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ (I believe) is followed by a lacuna of about one line, marked [one line illegible]. The exact content of Apa Haron's speech is lost, though the context suggests a declaration of faith or a blessing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains two distinct episodes: the healing of the rich man's thighs (which become alms) and the revival of the donkey. Both follow a pattern of a layman approaching a holy man, a miraculous intervention, and a concluding doxology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲗⲟ ⲉⲩϯⲧⲕⲁⲥ (his thighs became alms) is ambiguous: it may mean the thighs themselves were given as alms (a literal miracle) or that they became a source of alms (e.g., healed so the man could work and give). The reading taken is the literal transformation, as the text says 'from that time onward'.","The damaged line after ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ leaves the object of belief unspecified; the context suggests it is the healing power of Apa Haron or God."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":101,"ref":"p101","source":"ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁϥⲣⲁϩⲧϥ̄ ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉϥⲟ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉϥϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nϯⲉⲩⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲣⲉ • ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲣ̄ ⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲛ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ • ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡ▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲣⲉⲙ||ⲡⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲱϥ · ϥⲛⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ϥⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ","english":"And he arose, and he took him, and he went, and he prostrated himself before him three times. He arose and stood still, as if he were saying, \"The man came to my father, saying, 'I give thanks to you, my father, for the grace that has set me upright.' But he himself reached out his hand to him, saying, 'Do not let what has happened cause anyone to be unfaithful to our words. For even our Savior said, \"...this one also will do, and he will do what is to be done to them.\" But he himself...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered as 'grace' in the English draft, consistent with the pinned glossary term. It denotes unearned divine favour, here credited with setting the man upright.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our Savior said' introduces a quotation, but the Coptic text is damaged (lacuna marked by ▨). The English draft supplies a fragment: '...this one also will do, and he will do what is to be done to them.' No exact scriptural parallel is identifiable from the surviving text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲣⲉⲙ||ⲡⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲱϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains a lacuna of approximately 18 characters, followed by a line break and a partial word ⲣⲉⲙ. The English draft's reconstruction is speculative; the original sense of the Saviour's saying is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The gesture of prostration three times (ⲁϥⲣⲁϩⲧϥ̄ ⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲛϣⲟⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ) is a standard monastic act of reverence, attested in Egyptian ascetic literature as a sign of submission and respect toward a spiritual elder.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative action (arising, prostration) to direct speech (the man's thanksgiving and the father's warning), then returns to narrative with 'But he himself...' (ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ). This alternation is typical of the work's dialogic style.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna in the Coptic after ⲡ▨▨▨ makes the exact words of the Saviour uncertain; the English draft's reconstruction is plausible but not verifiable.","The phrase ⲉⲛⲉϥⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ (as if he were saying) may indicate a silent gesture interpreted as speech, but the Coptic is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":102,"ref":"p102","source":"ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉⲛⲉϥⲣ̄ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲉⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲥⲏϩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓϫ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲉϩ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ϩⲉⲛⲥⲟⲡ\nⲙⲉⲛ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ • ϩⲉⲛⲥⲟⲡ • ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉϥϣⲉϣ ⲛⲟⲩϩ • ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲉϥϭⲉⲡⲏ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉ ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ\nⲧⲉⲓ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲣⲭⲣⲓⲁ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓ\nϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁϥϣ︤ⲡ︥ ⲛⲟⲩϩ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁⲩ • ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϭⲉⲗⲙⲁ • ϫⲁϫⲱ ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲩϩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁϥⲙⲟⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲅⲉⲛⲏⲙⲁ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ • ⲙⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ⲁⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲃⲟⲩϩⲉ • ⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲕϩ̄ • ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ • ⲛⲅ̄ ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲉⲛⲱⲭⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲁϣⲏ ⲛⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲛϭⲓⲛⲉ • ⲉ ϯ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉⲛⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲣⲓ[ⲍⲉ] ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϣⲁⲁⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲥⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ •▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\nⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ︤▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϣⲛⲏ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙ ⲡϫⲟⲓ • ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲥⲁ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲕⲱ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓ\nϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ⲛϥ︤ⲣ︥ ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ\nⲛⲉ • ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ •","english":"He himself, the holy Apa Hārōn, concerning his work, his hands alone, he would do the thought of what is written: \"We work with our hands by day and by night, so that hardship may not come upon any of you.\" Sometimes he would make baskets, sometimes he would weave palm leaves, for he was not able to speak, except when a great need arose. A man came to his door once; he received palm leaves from his hand for the need of his vineyard. The vineyard, however, was there; his basket was woven only. When he had taken the palm leaves from his hand, he bound them to his vineyard, and it became a good product, only. And those who heard gave glory to God. Some men also, from the outside, came to his door once, being troubled in heart, and they entreated him, saying, \"Do the kindness, pray for us, for they oppress us through an archon of the city of Antinoöpolis, and we have not found anyone to give to us, for we are afraid that he will not cease from us, and he will destroy us in an hour beyond our strength.\" He saw that you... Peter, saying, \"Cast the net to the right of the ship.\" You will find what he said, not to the left, but to the right, which is this: if a man abandons evil thoughts, which are those on the left, and does those on the right, which are the good works, what then?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē) here means 'act of charity' or 'kindness', not the liturgical meal. The request 'ⲁⲣⲓ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ' is a formulaic entreaty for a spiritual favor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲙ ⲡϫⲟⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'cast the net to the right of the ship' is not a direct biblical quotation but echoes the metaphorical language of discernment found in wisdom literature, possibly alluding to the 'right' as the side of righteousness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'archon of the city of Antinoöpolis' refers to a local magistrate in the Roman administrative system. Antinoöpolis was a major city in Upper Egypt, founded by Hadrian, and its archon would have had authority over taxation and legal disputes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a narrative of Apa Hārōn's manual labor and a miracle (the vineyard) to a parable-like teaching on moral choice, introduced by 'Peter, saying...' This suggests a catechetical insertion or a scribal gloss.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily damaged in the middle section (marked ▨▨), leaving the transition from the visitors' plea to the Peter saying unclear. The English draft's 'He saw that you...' is a conjectural reconstruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Peter' in the final section is ambiguous: it may be the apostle Peter, a local monk, or a scribal insertion. The Coptic lacunae prevent certainty.","The phrase 'ⲛⲟⲩϩ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄' (palm leaves from his hand) could be read as a literal handing over or as a symbolic gesture of blessing; the narrative supports the literal sense."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":103,"ref":"p103","source":"ⲉⲧⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛϯϩⲉ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲁϩⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥϩⲟⲩⲣ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲉ ⲧⲥⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲛ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥ︦ⲃ︦ⲧⲱⲧⲥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓ\nⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲧⲛ̄ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲓ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲟⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲧⲡ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ •","english":"He himself, the holy Apa Hārōn, concerning his work, his hands alone, he would do the thought of what is written: \"We work with our hands by day and by night, so that hardship may not come upon any of you.\" Sometimes he would say to them, \"What I will do for them, for God, will be for him.\" For he would say thus: to those on the left, \"Stand away from me, you who are bound to the snare of eternal fire, which the devil and his angels have prepared.\" And to those on the right, he would say, \"Come to me, you who are blessed by my father.\" And again, \"Come to me, all who are weary and oppressed, and I—","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁϩⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'stand away from me' is a command to those on the left, who are bound for the snare of eternal fire. The left side conventionally symbolizes damnation in early Christian ascetic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses the Greek loanword ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ, rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary. It refers to the personified adversary, not the etymological 'slanderer'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ is a Greek loanword meaning 'angel' or 'messenger'. Here it refers to the devil's angels, i.e., fallen angels, consistent with hagiographic usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲥⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲛ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ","severity":"info","text":"The 'snare of eternal fire' echoes New Testament imagery of hellfire (e.g., Matt 25:41, 2 Pet 2:17). The phrase is not a direct quotation but a common ascetic trope.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ ... ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts 'those on the left' (damned) with 'those on the right' (blessed), a binary structure common in monastic exhortations. The left is associated with the devil's snare, the right with the father's blessing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲧⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'ⲉⲧⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' is obscure; the English draft interprets it as 'What I will do for them, for God, will be for him.' The syntax may be corrupt or elliptical.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉⲧⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ' is syntactically unclear; the reading follows the English draft's interpretation.","The Coptic 'ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥ︦ⲃ︦ⲧⲱⲧⲥ̄' (prepared) may be a scribal error or variant; the standard form is ⲥⲃⲧⲱⲧ."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":104,"ref":"p104","source":"ϯⲛⲁϯ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲏⲧ︤ⲛ︥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ • ⲛ ⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥ︦ⲃ︦ⲧⲱⲧ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲕⲁⲧⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲓϩⲕⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ • ⲛⲉⲓⲟⲃⲉ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟⲓ ⲛⲉⲓⲕⲏ\nⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϯ • ϩⲓⲱⲱⲧ • ⲛⲉⲓⲟ ⲛ ϣⲙ̄ⲙⲟ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϣⲟⲡⲧ̄ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ (sic) • ⲛⲉⲓϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙ̄ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲉⲓϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϣⲧⲉⲕⲟ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ (sic) • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉ\nⲡ▨▨▨ ⲉ ϣⲁⲩϫⲉ ⲡⲧⲛϣⲛⲏ ⲉ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • | ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ϩⲱⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲁⲩ • ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϭⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲁϣⲏ • ⲛⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲭⲣⲓⲁ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ϣⲉ\nⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ • ⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲥⲉⲣϥⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲏ • ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲏⲕ • ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲙ̄ⲕⲁ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲁⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ϣϣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉ ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉ ϣⲟⲣⲡⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲏⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲥⲉⲥⲡ̄ⲥⲱⲡ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲱⲃ • ⲛ̄\nϭⲓϫ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲉⲩϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲁⲡⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ϭⲟϣϭ︦ϣ︦ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲛⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ\nⲁⲩϭⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲁϣⲏ •","english":"I will give you rest. And also, that you will inherit the kingdom that has been prepared for you from the foundation of the world. Why? He said, \"The hungry ones, you did not let me be. The thirsty ones, you did not let me drink. The naked ones, you did not clothe me. The strangers, you did not receive them at your door. The sick ones, you did not find my inquiry. The ones in prison, you did not come to their mouth.\" These are the...\n\n...that they say the left side to the right side. You yourselves, all of you, what you will do, you will become like children of the house, according to your need. But they said, \"Your salvation, O my holy father, concerning poverty and service, to go to the church on the Sabbath and the Lord's Day.\" He said to them, \"Did I not tell you that you do not go to the church of God to entreat him, that he might have mercy on you, that he might not leave you lacking anything? For it is fitting for every Christian to first go to the house of God and entreat him, and then prepare their handiwork.\" But they prostrated themselves at his feet, saying, \"Pray for us, our holy father, and we will keep all your words.\" And this is how he prayed for them. He gave them a blessing of the water, saying, \"Strengthen yourselves over your brothers, and you will stand over them.\" But they went in faith and became like children.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ here denotes 'faith' as trust in God, not 'faithfulness' in a moral sense; the context of the monks' departure in obedience supports the glossary's primary rendering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ ⲛ ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The promise of inheriting a kingdom prepared from the foundation of the world echoes Matthew 25:34 and Revelation 21:2, common monastic tropes for eschatological reward.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of church attendance on Sabbath and Lord's Day reflects the Coptic monastic practice of communal worship on Saturday and Sunday, as attested in the Pachomian rules.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Apa Hārōn's direct speech (a list of neglected duties) to a dialogue with the monks, then to a prayer and blessing, forming a tripartite rhetorical unit: accusation, instruction, benediction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲓⲕⲏⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛⲉⲓⲕⲏⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ is ambiguous: it may mean 'the naked ones' (as in the English draft) or 'the ones left behind'; the parallel with 'hungry' and 'thirsty' favors the former, but the text is corrupt here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲁϣⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The closing phrase 'they became like children' echoes a common hagiographic motif of spiritual rebirth or obedience, paralleling the transformation of disciples in the Life of Antony (Athanasius, c. 357).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲉⲓⲕⲏⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ is ambiguous: 'naked ones' or 'those left behind'; the English draft reads 'naked ones' based on the series of needs.","The phrase ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ (sic) is a scribal error; likely intended ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ 'at your door'.","The lacuna marked ▨▨▨ obscures the transition between the two halves of the passage."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":105,"ref":"p105","source":"ⲛⲧ︦ⲃ︦ⲧ︦ ⲁⲩϯ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲁ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲁ ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲩⲏⲓ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲉⲩⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲉⲓ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲁ\nⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲓ • ⲕⲩⲛⲇⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲧ︦ⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲓ • ⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲗ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲡⲃⲁⲗ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ︦ⲣ︦ⲱⲙⲉ ⲁⲛ\nⲡⲉ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲉϩⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣ︦ϥ︦ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲁ ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱϥ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ • ⲉⲧⲟ ⲛ\nⲃ︦ⲗ︦ⲗ︦ⲉ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲣ̄ ⲃⲗ̄ⲗⲉ • ⲛ\nⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ\nⲓϯⲟⲥⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲁⲙ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲗⲏⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲙⲉϣⲁⲕ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϯ\nⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ϣⲁ\nⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣ ⲁⲧⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲕⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲕϯⲟⲥⲉ ⲉⲕⲣ\nⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ϩ▨▨▨ⲉ▨▨[ⲁϥ]ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ •","english":"...they gave the need to the magistrate. They gave the other portion to the need of the house. They came to the righteous one to give thanks to God and his holy prayers... At that hour, another one also, whose boat had capsized, and when he called upon God by his name, his boat was saved along with all its cargo. It also happened one day while they were walking together, two Anoubans, who were going to Soan. One of them was blind in one eye. His companion said to him, \"Come, let us receive a blessing from this great man.\" The one-eyed man said, \"He is not a great man. If he were, let him open my eye.\" And before the word had left his mouth, his blind eye saw. The one who could see became blind. When his companion saw what had happened, he marveled greatly and said to him, \"Did I not tell you that he is a great man?\" He said, \"I did not trouble anyone, for one was closed and one was opened. Nevertheless, let us go to his door, perhaps he will give light to the other one.\" And the two of them came to the holy one, Apa Haron. The father said to the Anouban, \"I made you stumble, for if you knew, you would not have troubled yourself to come to this place.\" At that hour, a great... bowed to him, saying...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts, as here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ means 'pray' or 'prayer', distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ 'worship' (prostration).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; here the companion seeks a blessing (ⲥⲙⲟⲩ) from Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is a title for a monastic father, retained as 'Apa' to avoid confusion with biological father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ϩ▨▨▨ⲉ▨▨[ⲁϥ]ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic is heavily damaged here; the reading 'a great... bowed to him' is conjectural, with the subject lost.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁ (Anouban) likely refers to a monk or inhabitant of the monastery of Anoub (St. Bishoy?), but the term is obscure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Anouban' is uncertain; it may denote a monk from a specific community or a personal name.","The damaged section after ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ ϩ▨▨▨ⲉ▨▨[ⲁϥ]ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ leaves the subject and verb incomplete."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":106,"ref":"p106","source":"ϫⲉ • [ⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲁ]ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲉⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲧⲉⲭⲱⲣⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ Ⲛⲉⲩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲛ\nⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲣϩⲟⲧⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ • ⲉⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ• ⲉ ⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲱ︦ⲃ︦ϩ︦ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϯ ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲣⲉ\nϣⲏⲙ • ⲉⲓ ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲁⲥⲥⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲥ̄ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ\nⲇⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲁⲥⲙⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲃⲱⲕ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲓ • ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲛ ⲕ︦ⲣ̄ⲙⲉⲥ ϩⲓⲣⲙ̄ • ⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ • ⲁϥⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦\nⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥ︦ⲡ︦ⲥⲱⲡ︦ϥ︦ • ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ •","english":"...they gave the need to the magistrate. They gave the other portion to the need of the house. They came to the righteous one to give thanks to God and his holy prayers... At that hour, another one also, whose boat had c\n\nsaying, \"Open my eye.\" And immediately he looked out at the other one. And the two of them believed and went away from him with joy, proclaiming the wonder that had happened in all that region.\n\nNow there was also a God-fearing man in the city of Syene, a faithful man, who used to come to Apa Haron many times. And it happened one day that he wished to come to Apa Haron. His wife said to him, \"If you go to the holy Apa Haron, entreat him that he might pray to Christ concerning us, and give us a male child. For I have heard that when a young girl was about to give birth, she was in distress. But when they called upon him concerning this matter, she gave birth to her son dead. Her father went to him and entreated him, and they said, 'When he took a little clay from the door of his dwelling and placed it upon the dead child, he revived immediately.' You also, if you entreat him, I believe.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Haron is the monastic figure at the center of this episode; the title 'Apa' is retained as a fixed rendering to distinguish the monastic father from a biological father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Syene (modern Aswan) was a significant city in Upper Egypt, often a setting for monastic narratives. Its mention here situates the story in a known geographical context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative sequence from the previous episode, introducing a new miracle involving a child revived by clay from Apa Haron's dwelling, reinforcing the pattern of intercessory power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a holy man reviving a dead child with a substance from his cell (here clay) appears in other Coptic monastic literature, such as the Life of Apa Shenoute, suggesting a common hagiographic topos.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the beginning of the passage is fragmentary; the phrase 'ⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲁⲃⲁⲗ' ('open my eye') may be a direct speech from a character, but the preceding context is lost, making the speaker uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker of 'open my eye' is unclear due to the lacuna in the previous passage.","The phrase 'ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ' at the end is ambiguous; it may be part of the wife's speech or a narrative aside."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":107,"ref":"p107","source":"ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲟⲟϥ • ϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲩⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲁ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ • ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲁ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨|▨▨▨▨▨ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϥⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲉⲍⲩⲭⲁⲍⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲛϯϩⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲕϯ ⲛ̄\nⲥⲁⲣⲣⲁ • ⲧⲁϭⲣⲓⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲕϯ ⲛ\nⲓⲱⲥⲏⲫ • ⲛ ϩⲣⲁⲭⲏⲗ • ⲁⲕϯ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲙⲟⲩⲏⲗ • ⲛ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁϥ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ϣⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ • ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲧⲱⲃ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛⲅ̄ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲧⲏⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱ\nⲇⲉ ⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ\nⲃⲱⲕ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ϯⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ • ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲏⲩ • ⲕⲁ ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ\nⲥⲁⲣⲣⲁ ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ\nⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲓ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲁⲙⲏⲣ • ⲁϥⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲥⲙⲁⲙⲁⲁⲧ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲕϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲙ\nⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ •","english":"...they gave the need to the magistrate. They gave the other portion to the need of the house. They came to the righteous one to give thanks to God and his holy prayers... At that hour, another one also, whose boat had c\n\n...that what you will say will happen to him. But when he came to our father, he told the story to Apa, saying, \"I have lived with my wife since my childhood, and no child has been born to us in thirty years. Now then, if you pray to God, he will give them to you.\" The righteous one himself went to his cell, prayed within, saying, \"My Lord, you are the one who gave Sarah to our father Isaac, and you gave Joseph to Rachel, and you gave Samuel to Anna. Now then, Lord, you are the one who will do it. You are also the one today and forever. I know your goodness. Lord, listen to my prayer and fulfill the request of this man who came to our father.\" When he finished praying, he came to the man and said to him, \"Go, my son, in the name of Christ. I believe that as God said to our father Abraham, 'I am coming,' at the time a child will be born to Sarah, so it will happen to you as well.\" And as he said, so it happened. Within a year, he came to our father with the young child carried on his shoulder. He presented himself to Apa, saying, \"Behold the fruit that God gave me through your holy prayers.\" Then Apa Haron took him to his bosom and blessed God, saying, \"Blessed are you, Lord, in all your works.\" Then he gave him to his father.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names the Christian God, as in the prayer and the reference to God's words to Abraham.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The prayer invokes Sarah given to Isaac, Joseph to Rachel, and Samuel to Anna, echoing Genesis 17:15–19 and 1 Samuel 1:19–20. The promise 'I am coming' to Abraham alludes to Genesis 18:10.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"In the prayer, ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ addresses Christ as Lord, consistent with homiletic usage; the social sense 'master' is not operative here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The child is called ⲡⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ 'the fruit', a homiletic allegory for a virtue or work; here it signifies the divinely granted son.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ is the monastic father; the title is retained as 'Apa' to avoid confusion with biological father (ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) in the same passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic has lacunae (▨▨▨) in the man's speech about thirty years and in the prayer; the English draft supplies the missing numbers, but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae in the Coptic obscure the precise number of years (thirty) and the full phrasing of the prayer; the English draft fills these from context.","The phrase 'ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲟⲟϥ • ϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ' is ambiguous: it could mean 'what you will say will happen to him' or 'what you will say will happen to you'; the context supports the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":108,"ref":"p108","source":"ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲉϥⲉⲁⲩⲝⲁⲛⲉ▨▨ⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛϥ̄ϯⲑⲉ • ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉⲛⲱⲭⲗⲉⲓ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ\nⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲥⲱⲧ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲛϩ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ • ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲱ • ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛϭⲓ","english":"...they gave the need to the magistrate. They gave the other portion to the need of the house. They came to the righteous one to give thanks to God and his holy prayers... At that hour, another one also, whose boat had c\n\nHe was saying, \"Behold the grace of God, which has established you, O Christ, who has granted himself to you, my son. He will increase for you. He will give us the means to do his will.\" And another man, whom a demon was troubling on the day of his parents' feast, heard the voice of Apa Hārōn. They bound his hands and his feet, placed him on a donkey, and took him to the door of a prison, where he was seized by...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the grace of God' (ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) uses the fixed rendering of ϩⲙⲟⲧ as 'grace' and ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ as 'God', consistent with the glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ is a nomen sacrum for 'Christ', here used in direct address. The Coptic text reads 'O Christ' (vocative), though the English draft renders it as part of the grace formula.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Hārōn is a monastic father; the title ⲁⲡⲁ is left untranslated per glossary policy to avoid confusion with biological father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The binding of a demoniac and placing him on a donkey to be taken to prison reflects a common hagiographic motif of exorcism or restraint of the possessed, often involving physical coercion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text after ⲉϥⲉⲁⲩⲝⲁⲛⲉ▨▨ⲛⲁⲕ is damaged (▨▨ indicates lacunae), and the English draft's 'He will increase for you' is a reconstruction. The exact sense of the missing letters is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a direct speech by Apa Hārōn (introduced by ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ) to a narrative about a demoniac, marked by ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ('and another man'). This is a typical narrative transition in the collection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ could be read as a direct address ('O Christ') or as part of a longer phrase; the English draft treats it as an address. The lacuna after ⲉϥⲉⲁⲩⲝⲁⲛⲉ leaves the verb's object unclear. The phrase ⲉⲩⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛϭⲓ is incomplete in the Coptic; the English draft supplies 'he was seized by...' but the agent is missing."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":109,"ref":"p109","source":"ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲧϥ̄ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲁϩϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲓⲱ ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ • ⲉϥⲛⲏϫ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲣ︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲣⲟ • ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉϥⲧⲁⲩⲟ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧ ϣⲓⲡⲉ • ⲉ\nⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲏ ⲛⲧⲕ̄ • ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ • ⲣⲱ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲉ ⲙ ϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙⲏ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲁⲛ\nⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩϣⲡ̄ ϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲉ\nⲣⲟϥ • ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ϯ ⲙⲏⲧ ⲛϩⲟⲗⲟⲕⲟⲧϯⲛⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩϣⲁⲡ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ\nϥ̄ⲧⲙ︤ϩ︥ⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲧⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉⲩⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲣⲡ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲏ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲃⲉ\nⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲁⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲁⲕⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓ\nⲙⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲉⲣ ⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲧ ϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛⲧⲕ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲁⲧⲣⲟⲥ • ⲣⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉ ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲱ ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ\nⲣⲱ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲃ︦ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϫⲉ • ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲅⲉⲗⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁⲩⳀⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ⲕ︦ⲉⲓ • ⲉⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ • ▨▨▨▨▨ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛ\n▨▨|ⲛϥⲓ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲡⲱⲧ • ⲧⲟⲧⲉ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁϥⲙⲉϩ\nⲧⲉϥϭⲓϫ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϫⲥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ • ⲛϣⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲛ\nⲧⲉⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲁⲗⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲛⲅ̄\nϭⲱ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ •","english":"...four men. When they found him, they placed him outside by the river, and left him lying outside the door. The demon, however, was speaking from within the man, uttering great blasphemies against the father, saying, \"Are you not a soldier, then, that you come to do violence? Are not your fathers archons, who devour what they have not labored for? I know them to be evil. Your father gave ten gold coins to a man for his pledge, and when he could not repay them, he took his house from him because of his poverty. Is this not a sin that he committed? And you yourself have come to this place to heal these sick men. Are you a physician, then, my father?\" But the father endured until he had said all his words. He said to him, \"You yourself are not worthy of an answer. Now, then, I command you in the name of Christ, who was crucified, to come out of the demon.\" When the demon heard, it took the man and fled. Then the holy one filled his hand with water and threw it into his face three times, saying, \"In the name of the holy Trinity, come out of him.\" The demon came out. The holy one said to him, \"Go to Babylon of the Chaldeans, and dwell in that place until the day.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ (daimonion) is used consistently for the possessing spirit, distinguishing it from the human possessed. The Coptic text uses the definite article ⲡ- (masculine singular) throughout.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the name of Christ, who was crucified' (ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⳀⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ) echoes the New Testament emphasis on Christ's crucifixion as a central salvific event, though no single verse is directly quoted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲁⲗⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Babylon of the Chaldeans (ⲧⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲭⲁⲗⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ) is a traditional destination for exorcised demons in Coptic monastic literature, often associated with the biblical Babylon in Mesopotamia, not Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage follows a typical exorcism narrative pattern: demonic speech, endurance of the holy man, command in Christ's name, ritual action (splashing water), and expulsion to a distant place.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (▨▨▨) after 'come out of' and before 'the demon heard', making the exact sequence of the exorcism command partially uncertain. The reading follows the English draft's reconstruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This exorcism account, with its detailed demonic accusation and ritual response, reflects the monastic hagiographic tradition preserved in Coptic and later Ethiopic collections, such as the dossier of prohibitions for monks.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text is damaged at the point where the exorcism command is given; the English draft supplies 'come out of the demon' but the original may have had a different object.","The phrase 'ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ' (the holy one) could refer to the father (ⲡⲁ ⲉⲓⲱⲧ) or another figure; context suggests it is the same person."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":110,"ref":"p110","source":"ⲙ ⲡϩⲁⲡ • ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲁϫⲓ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲁⲁϥ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ\nϩⲱⲱⲕ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟϫⲕ̄ • ⲉ ⲡϣⲓⲕ • ⲛ ⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ • ⲡⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉϥϭⲟⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ • ⲥⲙ̄ⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥϯ\nⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ • ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϫⲓ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡⲉ\nϥⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ϥϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ ϯⲙⲓⲛⲉ •","english":"...of justice. Each one will receive according to what he has done. You yourself will be thrown into the pit of hell. When the demon heard these things, he went away raging. The man, however, when his heart was set at rest, gave glory to God and to his fathers and to all who walked with him. Then they entreated the holy man to take something, but he did not consent to be released, saying, \"I have taken nothing of this kind.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲓⲕ ⲛ ⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϣⲓⲕ ⲛ ⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ (the pit of hell) is a fixed phrase in Coptic monastic literature, denoting the abyss of punishment. ⲁⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ (Amente) is the Egyptian underworld, here Christianized as hell.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article is the standard Christian designation for the one God in Sahidic Coptic, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The demon's accusation that the holy man's father gave ten gold pieces (from the previous passage) reflects a trope in monastic literature where demons slander ascetics by invoking worldly wealth or family status.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage follows a pattern: demonic speech, demon's departure, the possessed man's healing, and the holy man's refusal of material reward. This structure is typical of exorcism narratives in the Paphnutius collection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ (he did not consent to be released) is ambiguous: ⲃⲟⲗ could mean 'to be released' from the entreaties or 'to go out' (i.e., leave the place). The English draft takes the former, but the latter is possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ: 'did not consent to be released' or 'did not consent to go out'.","The clause ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲥⲙ̄ⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ: 'when his heart was set at rest' is idiomatic; ⲥⲙ̄ⲛⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ literally 'his heart was established toward his mouth' (i.e., he regained composure)."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":111,"ref":"p111","source":"ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ϩⲁϩ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡ︦ⲣ︦ ϭⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲛⲁϯ ϩⲏⲩ • ⲁⲛ ⲛ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲥⲟⲛ • ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛ • ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲉϩⲣⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲑⲃ̄ⲥⲱ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛⲁⲣⲱϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲥ︦ⲏ︦ⲣ︦ • ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϥⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲃ • ⲏ ⲟⲩ ϩⲁⲧ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ϩⲛ̄ • ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲕϫ (sic) • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ • ϣϣⲉ • ⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ | ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛ ϯⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲃⲓⲟⲥ • ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ Ⲉⲡⲉⲓ ⲇⲏ • ⲁⲩⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲥⲥⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣ︦ⲱ︦ⲛ︦ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦\nⲡⲓⲁ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓ ⲉϥϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲱⲓ • ⲁϫⲓⲥ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϭⲙ̄ⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ • ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉϥϣ︦ⲁ︦ⲛ︦ⲡⲱϩ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲱ • ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲣⲡ̄ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲗⲩⲃⲩⲧⲱⲛ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲁⲁϩ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ\nϯⲱ̄ⲧⲉ • ⲛϥ̄ⲣ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣ︤ⲥ︥ ⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲁ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲕⲟⲟϩ (sic)• ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ • ⲉⲩⲱϭ︦ⲃ︦ • ⲉⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϯ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲛⲁϥ • ϩⲱⲗⲱⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲱⲙ • ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ϣⲁϥⲁⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ • ⲛϥ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲉϥⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲛⲟϭ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ •","english":"From the time he became a monk, he would often say to me, \"Do not look at the affairs of this world, for they will give you no benefit. But as long as we have the bread and the clothing, these will suffice for us. For indeed, our Lord said to his apostles, 'Do not acquire for yourselves gold or silver, nor iron in your possessions.' Because of this, it is fitting for the monk to walk in a manner of this kind and with a good life, since they have renounced this world and followed the Lord.\n\nAfter these things, the holy Apa Haron arose and went into the desert. I, however, drew near to him, saying, \"Sit here in this place. If a man comes seeking me, tell him that he has gone to find a brother. For this is his practice which he does.\" When he reached the door, he would hide his tunic, put it on himself, and stand to pray. He would spend the whole night praying. When morning came, he would go into the desert under the burning sun, without giving himself rest at all, neither by day nor by night. In the summer as well, he would stand in the midst of the heat and pray. He spent his entire time continually in these great practices. This happened for a year.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ is rendered 'Lord' per the pinned glossary, referring to Christ in this homiletic context, not the everyday 'master'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲏ ⲟⲩ ϩⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲟⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦","severity":"info","text":"The prohibition against acquiring gold, silver, or iron echoes a known monastic rule, possibly derived from the Didache or early ascetic tradition; no direct biblical verse is cited.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks","label":"gap dossier: Prohibitions for Monks (monastic canons)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-prohibitions-for-monks"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ (politeia) denotes a monastic 'practice' or 'way of life', here describing Apa Haron's ascetic regimen of standing and praying in extreme heat.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general monastic exhortation (first paragraph) to a specific narrative about Apa Haron's daily routine, marked by ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ('after these things').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'put it on himself' (ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ) is ambiguous: it may mean he hid his tunic and then put it on again, or that he hid it and then put something else on. The translation follows the former reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The description of standing in the heat to pray reflects a well-known ascetic practice in Egyptian monasticism, later recorded in the Apophthegmata Patrum.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲥ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ϩⲓⲱⲱϥ could be read as 'he put it on himself' or 'he placed it on himself'; the translation opts for the former, implying he redonned the tunic after hiding it.","The clause ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲓⲁ may mean 'he went into the desert' or 'he went into the cell'; the context supports 'desert' as a general ascetic retreat."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":112,"ref":"p112","source":"ⲙⲡⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϫⲓ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ • ⲛϭⲓ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ϫⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲙ̄ⲕⲁϩ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ϣⲁϥⲡⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥ︤ⲡ︥ • ⲙⲡⲙⲧⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲉⲓⲧⲁ • ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ","english":"...the days of the harvest, all of them, they came to fetch water. And many poor people came, weeping at his door, saying, \"Our holy father, we are going to die, and our children too, because the harvest has not come.\" He said to them, \"Believe... that the prayer of the poor, if it is heartfelt, pierces through to the Lord. And also, the Lord has heard the desire of the poor,\" he said to them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ (from Greek ἀνάβασις) here means 'harvest' in the sense of the crop yield, not the season. The poor lament that the harvest has not come, i.e., failed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ is rendered 'Lord' per the pinned glossary, but here it refers to God (the Lord who hears prayer), not a human master. The context of prayer and divine intervention confirms this.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ means 'prayer' (pinned glossary). The passage emphasizes the efficacy of heartfelt prayer by the poor, a common monastic theme.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲙ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The saying that the prayer of the poor pierces through to the Lord echoes a biblical motif (cf. Exodus 22:26–27, where the poor cry out and God hears). No direct citation is given.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is corrupt after ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ ('believe'), with lacunae. The English draft supplies 'that the prayer of the poor...' but the exact wording is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit: the poor approach the holy father, he responds with a teaching on prayer, and the Lord's hearing is affirmed. It follows the previous passage's ascetic advice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna after ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ makes the exact content of the father's exhortation uncertain; the English draft supplies a plausible restoration.","The phrase ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ could also mean 'ascent' in a spiritual sense, but context (harvest failure) favors the agricultural meaning."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":113,"ref":"p113","source":"ⲟⲛ • ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲕⲉ ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ • ⲉϥⲃⲱⲗ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲗⲥ︦ⲗ︦ • ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ\nⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲙⲡⲉ\nϥⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲱϣ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲟⲩϣⲏ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱⲙⲥ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁⲕϩ̄ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉϥϫⲱ • ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ • ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏⲕ • ⲱ̄ ⲡϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲉⲛⲉⲁϥϭⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉϥⲙⲏⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϯϩⲉ • ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲛ̄ϩⲧⲏϥ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲣⲙ̄ⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲧⲣⲉⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • Ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ\nⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲁ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲉⲩϫⲉⲕ\nϯⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧϩⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ • ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ • ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲉⲑⲏ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩϭⲱ • ⲇⲉ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄\nⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲱⲃϩ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲛⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ • ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ\nⲉⲩϣⲧⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ • ⲁ ⲡⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲙ\nⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩϭⲱ ⲉⲩⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ •▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲁϥ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨Ϩⲏⲧϥ̄▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ | ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲡ︦ⲣ︦\nⲕⲱ ⲛⲥⲱⲕ ⲛ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕϭⲓϫ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲧ︦︦ⲃ︦ⲛⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲟⲛⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲕ • ⲥⲛⲟϥ • ⲉⲁ ⲕⲕⲁⲧⲁⲝⲓⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲁⲕⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϫⲡⲟⲕ • ϩⲱⲥ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲟ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁⲕ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲃ︦ϣ︦ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ •","english":"Also, many crowds of people, interpreting the words of the Scriptures, he would explain them to them, and he would console them. And this is how they went away from him, blessing God. But Apa Hārōn did not neglect their need. Rather, he would go to the river every night, immersing himself up to his neck, and he would entreat God, saying, \"Christ, my good one, have mercy! O merciful one, for the sake of your likeness and your image.\" For if he had continued going out in that manner until God had mercy on his tears and caused the water to come over the face of the whole earth. It happened also, in one year, some men came to his door, bringing water, according to the way the history tells us. If we go there, when they stay, they entreat him to intercede with Christ to send them water because of the inundation of the men outside, for they were troubled outside because the time of the filling of the water had passed. They, however, remained weeping. ...he said, \"God, do not withdraw the works of your hands from men and beasts. For you created us all in your blood, having deemed yourself worthy, you came into the world, you were born as a man for our salvation. We know that nothing is impossible before you, God. Do not make the soul of the poor a mockery.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ψυχή; here 'soul' as the seat of moral and spiritual life, not 'life' as a living person.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The invocation 'Christ, my good one' echoes the biblical epithet 'the Good Shepherd' (John 10:11) and the language of Christ as 'good' in patristic prayer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'your likeness and your image' alludes to Genesis 1:26-27, where humanity is made in God's image, here used in a prayer for mercy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἀνάβασις; 'inundation' refers to the annual Nile flood, a critical event for Egyptian agriculture, often seen as providential in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has lacunae (marked ▨▨▨) after 'they remained weeping', obscuring the transition to Apa Hārōn's speech. The English draft supplies a plausible reconstruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The formula 'this is how' (ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ) marks a narrative summary, typical of Coptic monastic hagiography to conclude a miracle or teaching episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae after ⲉⲩⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲉ leave the exact wording of Apa Hārōn's prayer uncertain; the English draft supplies a continuous speech.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ could mean 'the men outside' or 'the men who went out'; the context suggests those troubled by the delayed flood."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":114,"ref":"p114","source":"ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲣ̄\nⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲧⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϯⲉⲓⲣⲉ\nⲅⲁⲣ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ • ⲥⲟⲗⲟⲙⲱⲛ • ϫⲟⲟϥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ϯ ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︦ⲣ︦ⲙ︥ⲙⲁⲟ • ⲙⲛ\nⲟⲩⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲁⲡⲁⲩⲥⲓⲥ • ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁⲛ • ⲟⲩⲉⲛϭⲟⲙ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲩϭⲓⲛⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲕⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉ","english":"Lest they commit sin in their presence before you, I am mindful of what the wise Solomon said: \"Do not give me wealth and poverty.\" And whenever he would bring the water of the river up, he would not bring it for his own rest alone, for the power of God is such that his entire creation falls into the need of their sustenance. But God has left the poor to","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲣ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲥⲉⲣ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ (lest they commit sin) introduces a concern that the crowds might sin in the presence of Apa Hārōn, linking to his nightly river immersion as a precaution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲥⲟⲗⲟⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The quotation 'Do not give me wealth and poverty' is attributed to the wise Solomon, but it does not correspond verbatim to any canonical biblical verse; it may be a paraphrase of Proverbs 30:7–9 or a monastic adaptation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) appears twice in this passage, once in the phrase 'the power of God' and once as the subject of 'has left the poor'. The definite article marks the Christian God, consistent with the glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲧⲉⲭⲣⲓⲁ (need, sustenance) reflects a common monastic theme: God's creation depends on divine provision, and the ascetic's self-denial (e.g., not bringing water for his own rest) is framed as trust in God's care for all.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲕⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic breaks off mid-sentence after ⲕⲁ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉ (has left the poor to...), indicating a lacuna or scribal break. The English draft supplies 'to' but the sense is incomplete; the passage likely continued with a purpose clause.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The quotation from Solomon is not a direct biblical citation; its source is uncertain. The final clause is truncated, leaving the object of 'has left the poor' unspecified."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":115,"ref":"p115","source":"ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁⲟ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲟ\nⲣ̄ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲉⲩⲣ̄ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲉϥϭⲙ̄\nⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲱϥ • ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ϩⲁ\nⲧⲉϥⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟ▨▨▨ϩⲛ︤▨▨▨\n▨▨ⲧ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨\n▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ |\nⲧⲉ ⲧ︦ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲁⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϭⲗⲟⲟϭⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ • ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲥ̄ • ⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲩ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲁⲡⲉ • ⲡⲏϩ • ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲧⲡⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱⲥ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲛⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ • ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲃ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲛⲑⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ • ⲏ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲡⲛⲟⲛ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄\nⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲃⲏⲣ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲩⲛⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲧⲱϩ︦ⲙ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ︦ⲃ︦ⲗ︦ⲗⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϭⲁⲗⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲁⲩ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛϣⲃ︦ⲃ︦ⲓ︦ⲱ • ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲱⲱⲃⲟⲩ • ⲛⲁⲕ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲃⲟⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁⲕ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲁⲛ • ⲉϣϫⲉ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ϭⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲉ ⲁⲗⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϭⲗⲟⲟϭⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣ︦ⲛ︦ϯ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲱⲱⲗⲉ • ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲁ • ⲉⲧ ϫⲏⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲙⲁⲣ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲁ • ϣⲁϥϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲓϫⲛ̄\nⲧⲉⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ⲉⲛⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥϣⲓ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲁⲧ\nⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ •","english":"He asked the rich man, so that when the rich man shows mercy, they may show mercy to him on the day of his visitation. But the poor man himself, when he rises from his poverty, he will go to the kingdom... the kingdom of heaven. The merciful man is compared to the ladder that Jacob saw, whose base was fixed upon the earth, while its top reached to heaven, and the angels of God were fixed upon it. This is the father of mercy. See that he said, \"These little ones, these are they who are drawn.\" Likewise he also said, \"When you make a banquet or a dinner, do not call your friends nor your relatives, but invite the poor and the blind and the lame, for they have nothing to repay you, but they will repay you in the resurrection of the righteous.\" And even if you are not able to climb to the top of the ladder, that is, to give in abundance, to attain perfect mercy, therefore let us see that mercy glorifies itself over judgment. When the holy Apa Hārōn had said these things, he prayed and dismissed them in peace, saying, \"May God cause this river to fill with water and bring it to its channels. Do not fear, nor be faithless.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉϭⲗⲟⲟϭⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The ladder seen by Jacob alludes to Genesis 28:12, where Jacob dreams of a ladder reaching to heaven. The Coptic text explicitly names Jacob and describes the ladder's base on earth and top in heaven, with angels ascending and descending.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'resurrection of the righteous' echoes a common eschatological theme in early Christian literature, possibly referencing 1 Corinthians 15 or Revelation 20. The Coptic uses ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (Greek ἀνάστασις) for resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek loanword ἀνάστασις; in this passage it refers to the general resurrection of the righteous, not Christ's resurrection. The context of repayment in the afterlife clarifies the eschatological sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek loanword ἄγγελος; here clearly 'angel' as divine beings fixed on the ladder, not human messengers. The phrase ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ confirms the supernatural sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Hārōn is a monastic father in this narrative; the title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is a standard honorific for senior monks in Coptic tradition. His identity is not further specified in this passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟ▨▨▨ϩⲛ︤▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is heavily damaged after ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟ (kingdom), with lacunae obscuring the phrase. The English draft supplies 'kingdom of heaven' based on context, but the original may have had additional modifiers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae after ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟ leave the full phrase uncertain; the English draft reads 'kingdom of heaven' but the Coptic may have had a different qualifier.","The phrase ⲛⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ (these little ones) is ambiguous: it may refer to the poor and disabled mentioned later, or to a specific group of ascetics."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ","text":"ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ → “resurrection”. Greek ἀνάστασις; the general resurrection and Christ's are distinguished by context, not by the word."}]},{"i":116,"ref":"p116","source":"ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲡⲥⲏⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲩϩ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛϭⲟⲙ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ • ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ\nⲡⲉⲛⲥⲁϥ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲟⲛ • ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ • ϣⲁ\nⲛⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲕⲡⲱϩ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ • ⲁ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲥⲁⲙⲯⲱⲛ • ⲉⲓⲃⲉ ⲁⲕⲧⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲟⲓϭⲉ • ⲛⲉⲓⲱ̄ • ⲧⲁⲩⲉ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ","english":"...you say, \"The hour of the filling of the water has come,\" but believe that the power of God is over every thing. They arose and went in peace. In the coming night, he went to the river and prayed, saying, \"Lord, you are our judge, and you are also today and for eternity. You are the one who struck a rock, and waters burst forth. You gave drink to a people, and when Samson was thirsty, you made a spring gush forth water for him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ is rendered 'in peace', a liturgical formula common in colophons, not a comment on civil order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Here ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) is used in prayer to address God, consistent with its biblical and homiletic usage; the everyday sense 'master' is not intended.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲕⲡⲱϩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The striking of a rock to produce water echoes Exodus 17:6 (Moses at Horeb) and Numbers 20:11, but the phrasing is general; no single verse is quoted verbatim.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲙⲯⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Samson's thirst and a spring gushing forth recalls Judges 15:19 (the spring of Lehi), though the Coptic text does not cite the verse directly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ (the river) likely refers to the Nile, the primary water source in Egypt, consistent with the monastic setting of the Paphnutius cycle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The opening phrase ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ ('you say') is ambiguous: it may be a direct address to the reader or a rhetorical device; the English draft treats it as a quotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ could be read as a direct address to the audience or as a rhetorical introduction; the English draft takes it as a quotation.","The identity of the speaker in the prayer (ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) is not explicitly named, but context suggests it is the monk Paphnutius or a character in the narrative."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":117,"ref":"p117","source":"ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ϯⲥⲟⲡⲥ︦ⲡ︦\nⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲛϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϩⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲉⲩⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϫⲉⲕ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉϥⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϭⲱ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲩϩ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲡⲉ ϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ϣⲁⲛ\nⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϫⲓ ⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛϩⲩⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲓ • ⲧⲟⲟⲧ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲩⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨[ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ]ⲁⲁⲃ | ⲁⲡⲁ\nϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱϣ︤ⲥ︥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ • ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲛϭⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩⲉⲣⲧⲁⲩ • ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲧⲁⲗⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛⲁⲓ • ⲡⲁ\nⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲧⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟϥ • ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲇⲉ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥⲙⲉϩ ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϥ︦ⲧ︦ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϫϥ̄ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲁⲩ • ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲅ̄ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛⲛⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ\nⲁϥϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ̄ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ •","english":"...you say, \"The hour of the filling of the water has come,\" but believe that the power of God is over every thing. They arose and went in peace. In the coming night, he went to the river and prayed, saying, \"Lord, you are the one who has power over the water. I beseech you today that you may send the water of this river up upon all the land, so that the poor of your people may find their food and bless you and your holy name.\" And he spent the whole night outside, praying and beseeching God concerning the water of the river, the holy Apa Hārōn. And this is how the water remained full, without receding for a single day, until all the fields received water, and a great abundance occurred in that year through the prayers of the holy one, according to what is written: \"The prayer of the righteous is powerful and effective.\" He would put his hand to show all his signs. ... God works ... the holy Apa Hārōn. The word will be revealed more fully. But it happened one day while he was sitting, with some people gathered around him, a poor man came, with a basket of figs hung at his neck. He besought him, saying, \"Bless me, my holy father, that I may go and make bread for my children, for I am a poor man.\" The holy Apa Hārōn filled his basket with water and poured it over the figs, saying, \"Go and make bread for your children in the name of Christ.\" And he took it, went, and made it, and it became a great blessing.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ can mean 'bless' or 'praise'. Here the poor man asks for blessing (ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ), and the holy man blesses the figs, so the sense is 'bless'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the prayer of the righteous is powerful and effective' echoes a common monastic maxim, possibly derived from Proverbs 15:29 or similar wisdom, but no exact verse is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The nomina sacra ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (Christ) appears in the blessing formula, reflecting standard Coptic scribal practice for sacred names.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨[ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ]ⲁⲁⲃ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text is damaged with lacunae; the reconstruction '[the holy]' is uncertain. The sense of the passage is partially conjectural.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'and this is how' marks a narrative summary, concluding the miracle of the water and transitioning to the next episode.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Hārōn is a revered figure in Coptic monastic literature, often associated with miraculous provision. This story reinforces his hagiographic image.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae in the Coptic make the exact wording of the theological statement about God's working uncertain.","The phrase 'ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ' may be a direct quotation or a scribal gloss; its source is not identified."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":118,"ref":"p118","source":"ϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛϩⲏⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ • ⲁϥⲉⲓ ϣⲁ ⲣⲟⲛ • ⲉϥϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ\nⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲁⲓϫⲱ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ • ⲙ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱ︦ⲛ︦ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ ⲥⲁ︦ⲣ︦ⲝ︦ • ⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱ • ⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ • ⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ • Ⲧⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲛⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲟ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ ⲡⲉ • ⲁϥⲁⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄\nⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲛϩⲁⲗⲓⲥⲕⲉ • ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ","english":"...become in him. The man, however, came to the door, giving glory to God and to the holy Apa Haron. \"Behold, O my brother, my God, I have said to you a few things outside the polity of the holy Apa Haron, because I am a layman of flesh, and I have no power to speak of his honor, of his virtues. I will tell you of his manner of rest, which is wonderful. If he were an old man, he would have done it in his days. His body was taken by the excess...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ (politeia) is a Greek loanword meaning 'way of life' or 'discipline', especially the monastic rule or regimen. Here it refers to the strict ascetic practice of Apa Haron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲗⲁⲥ (from Greek λαός) means 'layman' or 'common person', contrasting with a monk or cleric. The speaker humbly identifies as unqualified to praise the saint's virtues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the corpse of Apa Haron, as indicated by the verb ⲁⲛϩⲁⲗⲓⲥⲕⲉ ('was taken'). This aligns with the glossary note on martyrdom contexts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'if he were an old man, he would have done it in his days' is ambiguous: it may mean that Apa Haron's ascetic feats were so extraordinary that even an elder could not match them, or that his youth made his achievements more remarkable.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end is fragmentary: 'ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲁⲛϩⲁⲗⲓⲥⲕⲉ • ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ' breaks off mid-sentence. The English draft supplies 'by the excess' but the Coptic lacks a clear object; the sense is that the body was seized or overwhelmed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉⲧ ⲟ ⲛ̄ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ ⲡⲉ' is syntactically ambiguous: it could mean 'which is wonderful, as if he were an old man' or 'which is wonderful, if he were an old man'. The English draft takes the latter, but the former is also possible.","The final clause 'ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ' is incomplete; the preposition ϩⲓⲧⲙ̄ ('by') suggests an agent, but the noun ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩⲟ ('the excess') lacks a modifier or verb to complete the thought."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":119,"ref":"p119","source":"ⲛ ⲧⲁⲥⲕⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲁϥϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲥⲟⲩ ϯⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲁϣⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲥⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲥⲟⲩ ⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲥⲙⲏ • ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ⲭⲟⲣⲟⲥ | ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ • ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲉⲓⲉⲓⲙⲉ (sic) • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉϥⲃⲱⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲓϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲙⲏⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϯϩⲉ ϣⲁ ⲡⲛⲟϭ (sic)• ⲛϣⲱⲣⲡ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲩ ⲯⲓⲥ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ • ⲡⲁϣⲟⲛ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ • ⲇⲉ ⲛϫⲡ̄ ⲥⲁϣϥⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ • ⲉⲥⲕⲓⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲛⲕⲱⲱⲥ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲟⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϯⲙⲏ • ⲁⲛⲕⲁⲁϥ • ϩⲁϩⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲇⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲁⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲕⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲏⲥⲁⲓⲁⲥ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ\nⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲣ ⲟⲩⲛⲁ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲓ • ⲛϥ̄ⲛ ⲧⲁ ϩⲁⲏ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉⲥⲣⲁ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ • ⲡⲉϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲣ ⲙⲡϣⲁ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ϩⲙⲟⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲓ ⲡⲟⲗⲩϯⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ̄ ⲉⲛⲁ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓⲥⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲕⲁⲁⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲛⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ\nⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥϩⲁⲓⲥⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱ ⲇⲉ • ⲉⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨ⲁⲡⲁ\nϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲁϥϭⲱ▨▨ⲁⲓ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲣⲁⲡⲉⲍⲁ •","english":"...of his ascetic discipline. He fell ill on the twenty-first day of the month of Pashons, and on the sixth day, which is the day of Pentecost, I heard a sound of choirs of angels singing outside: \"Blessed, blessed.\" I did not understand what they were saying. But I, my God, said to him, \"This is its interpretation: they were blessing him in the heavens, just as they had blessed him on earth.\" They continued outside in this manner until the great first day of the month of Paoni, the twenty-first of the month of Pashons. At the time of the seventh hour of that day, he rested in a peaceful old age, the holy one, Apa Haron. We then laid his body in honor and reverence, placing it beside the body of the holy bishops who had come to be in the laura, that is, Apa Makedonios, Apa Markos, and Apa Hesaias. Now then, my brother, my God, pray for me, that God may be merciful to me and bring my end out of this world, pleasing to him. I, however, said to him, \"You have received a great grace, for I have heard these polities from you concerning this holy one. For this reason, I too will write them down, setting them forth as a precept for all the generations to come.\" And this is the manner in which I wrote them. When we had finished speaking with one another, I and Apa Isaac... Apa Haron... he remained... a table...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (Greek ἄγγελος) here refers to angelic beings, as indicated by the context of choirs singing 'Blessed, blessed' outside the cell. The glossary specifies that 'messenger' is rare in this corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) in this passage refers to the corpse of Apa Haron, consistent with the glossary's note that in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle, but after death it is the corpse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is used for the holy bishops whose bodies are placed beside Apa Haron's, indicating their ecclesiastical rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁϣⲟⲛⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"The text dates Haron's illness to the 21st of Pashons and his death to the 7th hour of the 1st of Paoni, which is 21 days later, aligning with the Coptic calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲗⲁⲕ (laura) refers to a type of monastic settlement where hermits lived in separate cells but gathered for worship, common in Egyptian monasticism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna after ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ (Apa Isaac), and the English draft notes 'Apa Isaac... Apa Haron... he remained... a table...', indicating the passage is fragmentary and the narrative breaks off.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲡⲉ ⲓⲉⲓⲉⲓⲙⲉ (sic) is unclear; the English draft reads 'I did not understand', but the Coptic may be corrupt.","The lacuna after ⲁⲡⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ leaves the conclusion of the conversation and the fate of the table uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":120,"ref":"p120","source":"ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲛⲥⲟ | ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲁⲓⲉⲓ ⲉ\nⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉϭ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲡⲥⲁ • ⲛ ⲙϩⲓⲧ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲃⲓⲟⲥ • ⲙ\nⲡⲡⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲣⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ • ⲁⲡⲁ\nϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲉ ⲁϥϫⲉⲕ ⲡⲉϥⲇⲣⲟⲙⲟⲥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲃ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲕ ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲛ\nⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ • ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ •","english":"We did not eat, and we kept silence together. We rose, we prayed. I went outside, following him, to go and seek the brothers who were on the other side of the river. This is the life of the holy anchorite of the monastery of Apa Haron, who completed his course outside, in the mountain of the east of the monastery, in the glory of the Holy Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, consubstantial and of one essence, now and forever.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title ⲁⲡⲁ (Apa) is a fixed rendering for a monastic father, left untranslated to avoid confusion with the biological sense of 'father'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ (anchorite) is a Greek loanword designating a hermit who withdraws from communal life, central to the monastic setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϩⲟⲙⲟⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲥ (of one essence and consubstantial) echoes Nicene Creed language, affirming Trinitarian orthodoxy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦","severity":"info","text":"The explicit naming of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit with consubstantiality reflects post-Nicene Coptic theological formulation, common in hagiographic conclusions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲃⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The formula ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲃⲓⲟⲥ (this is the life) marks a conventional closing to a monastic biography, signaling the end of the narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲕ","severity":"caution","text":"The toponym ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲕ (the monastery) is ambiguous; it may refer to a specific monastery of Apa Haron or a generic term. The reading follows the English draft's interpretation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲧ ϩⲓ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲛ ⲙϩⲓⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ could mean 'on the other side of the river' or 'on the other side of him'; the reading follows the English draft.","The toponym ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲕ may be a proper name or a common noun for 'monastery'; the draft treats it as a proper name."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":121,"ref":"p121","source":"ⲠϢⲀ • Ⲛ ⲀⲠⲀ ϨⲀⲢⲰⲚ ⲠⲈⲠⲢⲞⲔⲞⲘⲈⲚⲞⲚ • Ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲣⲣⲟ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲛⲟⲩϭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡⲉⲧ\nϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲭⲉⲓⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲛ • ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲕⲓⲙ • ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲡⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲓⲱⲛ ⲉϥϫⲟⲟⲥⲉ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲗⲁⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁϭ (sic) • ⲛ ⲣⲁⲛ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣ︤ⲣ︥ⲟ • ⲡⲉ ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲁⲡ • ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲁⲕⲥ︦ⲃ︦ⲧⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲕⲉⲓⲣⲉ • ⲙ ⲡϩⲁⲡ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦\nⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ • ϫⲉⲥ︦ⲧ︦ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲙ\nⲡϩⲩⲡⲟⲡⲟⲇⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲣⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲁⲙⲟⲩⲏⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ\nⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲩⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲛⲉϥⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ • ⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ • ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • | ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁⲕⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲕⲣ ⲡⲉⲕⲃⲁ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲩϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ϫⲁⲥ︤ⲧ︥ ⲡϫ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϫⲉ ϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲠⲀⲠⲞⲤⲦⲞⲖⲞⲤ ⁘ Ⲉⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲛ ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ ⲉ\nⲁϥϫⲉⲧ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉϥϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϥ̄ • ⲉⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ϣⲡ̄\nϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲥⲑⲉⲛⲓⲁ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲉϥϫⲟⲛ︤ⲧ︥ • ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲛϩⲉ • ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϯ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲓ •","english":"The Life of Apa Haron the Prokomenon. The Lord has reigned. Let the peoples be saved. He who sits upon the cherubim, let the earth be moved. Great is the Lord in Zion, exalted above all the peoples. Let them reveal your name, for it is fear, and the honor of a king is holy. He loves justice. You have prepared the straight path and you have done justice with righteousness. God in Jacob, for the Lord is our God. Let us worship the footstool of his feet, for Moses is holy, and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among those who call upon his name. They cried out to the Lord, and he heard them. He spoke with them openly in a pillar of cloud. They kept his testimonies and his commandments which he gave them. The Lord, our God, you heard them. God, you are the one who forgave them. You made your glory for their works. Raise up the Lord, our God. Let us worship his holy mountain, for the Lord our God is holy. The Apostle. We have a great high priest who built the heavens. Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Let us grasp his confession. For we are not a high priest whom we have who is unable to suffer with us in our weaknesses, but he is strong for every work. In this manner, until sin, let us give our cry.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; here it likely refers to God, consistent with the doxological context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) with the definite article names God in Christian texts; the phrase ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (our God) is a standard liturgical formula.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲩⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in a pillar of cloud' echoes Exodus 13:21–22, where God leads Israel by a pillar of cloud; it also recalls the theophany to Moses and Aaron.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲓⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"'The Lord in Zion' alludes to Psalm 76:2 (LXX 75:2) and similar verses celebrating God's presence on Zion, a common motif in Coptic hymnody.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲙⲉⲛⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲙⲉⲛⲟⲛ (Prokomenon) is a liturgical term for a psalm verse sung before the Scripture reading; its use as a title for Apa Haron suggests a liturgical or hagiographic framing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϭ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϭ (your name) is likely a scribal error for ⲛⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ (your name); the English draft reads 'your name' accordingly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥⲣ̄ⲣⲣⲟ (he has reigned) could refer to God or Christ; the context of the Lord in Zion suggests God.","The identity of 'the great high priest' is ambiguous: it may refer to Christ (as Son of God) or to a figure like Aaron; the text later specifies Jesus Christ."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":122,"ref":"p122","source":"ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲛⲉϫⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲉ • ⲉⲩϩⲙⲟⲧ\nⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓⲁ • ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲓ","english":"with boldness, upon the throne of grace, so that we may receive goodness and find a gift of help at this time. For who is the high priest that receives","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲡⲁⲣϩⲏⲥⲓⲁ (from Greek παρρησία) denotes 'boldness' or 'freedom of speech', often in a spiritual or ascetic context as the confidence to approach God or authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲧⲉⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ (Greek χάρις) means 'grace' or 'favor'; here it is part of the phrase 'throne of grace', a rare but theologically significant image in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ (Greek ἀρχιερεύς) means 'high priest', a title used in Christian contexts for Christ or for bishops; here it appears in a rhetorical question about who receives the gift of help.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a rhetorical question introduced by ⲅⲁⲣ (for), linking back to the preceding hymn-like praise of God; it forms a transition from doxology to a narrative or teaching about the high priest.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text breaks off mid-sentence after ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲓ ('that receives'), and the English draft ends similarly; the passage is fragmentary, and the intended completion is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲓ is incomplete; it may be part of a relative clause whose object is missing.","The referent of ⲛⲓⲙ (who) is ambiguous: it could be Christ, a bishop, or a monastic elder."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":123,"ref":"p123","source":"ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉ\nⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲓ ⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲟⲩⲛϭⲟⲙ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ϣⲡ̄ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛⲉⲧ ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲁ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲱⲱϥ ϫⲉ ϥϣⲟⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ̄ⲧϭⲱⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ϣϣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲑⲉ • ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲟ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲁ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲛϥ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟ • ϩⲱⲱϥ • ϩⲁ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛϯϩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲉ ▨▨ ⲟⲩⲁ • ⲇⲉ\nⲡⲟⲩⲁ • ϫⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ▨▨ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲭ︤ⲥ︥• ⲛⲧⲁϥ▨▨▨ⲁϥ ⲁⲛ • ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨|\nⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲭⲓⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ⲡⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁ ϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ • ⲁⲓϫⲡⲟⲕ • ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲙⲁ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ • ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ • ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ • ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉⲗⲭⲓⲥⲉⲇⲉⲕ • ⲠⲔⲀⲐⲞⲖⲒⲔⲞⲤ • ⲒⲀⲔⲔⲰⲂⲞⲤ ⁘ Ϫⲓ ⲙ ⲡ︤ⲉ︦ⲥ︥ⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙ︤ⲛ︥ ⲧⲙⲛⲧϩⲁⲣϣ̄ϩⲏⲧ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ • ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ ⲁⲩϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲓⲛⲉ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲉ ⲑⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲛ ⲓⲱⲃ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲑⲁⲏ • ⲙ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲧⲏϥ • ⲡⲉ\nⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲡⲉ • ϩⲁⲑⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲙⲡⲣ̄ ⲱⲣ︦ⲕ︦ • ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ • ⲧⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲛⲁϣ • ⲙⲁⲣϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲉ • ⲛ ⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲙⲟ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ ⲩⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲡ̄ ϩⲓⲥⲉ • ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲙⲁⲣ︦ϥ︦ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲣⲟⲟⲩⲧ •","english":"...them, from among men, they appoint them over men before God, so that he may offer a gift and a sacrifice for sins, for he has power to suffer and for those who are ignorant and those who lead astray, because he himself is in a state of weakness, and concerning this, it is fitting for him, according to the manner in which he offers on behalf of the people, he himself also offers for himself, in the same way for his own sins. But each one does not take the honor for himself, but it is brought to him from God. Aaron, this is the manner of Christ, who did not... the high priest, but it is he who spoke with him, saying, \"You are my son, I have begotten you today.\" Likewise, in another place, he says, \"You are the priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek.\" The Catholic James: Take the form, brothers, of the suffering and the boldness of the prophets, those who spoke in the name of the Lord. Behold, we bless those who have endured. You have heard of the patience of Job, and you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is compassionate and merciful. But concerning what matters, brothers, do not swear by anything, neither heaven nor earth, nor any thing. Let your oath be of oaths, and your \"if\" of \"if not,\" so that they may not judge you. Let the one who suffers among you pray. The one who is watchful...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) here refers to the congregation or laity, distinct from the clergy, as the high priest offers on their behalf.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲗⲭⲓⲥⲉⲇⲉⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Melchizedek (ⲙⲉⲗⲭⲓⲥⲉⲇⲉⲕ) echoes Genesis 14:18 and Hebrews 7, where Melchizedek is a type of Christ as priest-king.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲓⲁⲕⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'The Catholic James' likely refers to the Epistle of James (the Catholic Epistle), a common attribution in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"Several lacunae (▨▨) in the Coptic text obscure the sense, particularly after 'Aaron' and before 'the high priest', making the exact comparison to Christ uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'according to the order' (ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ) signals a liturgical or hierarchical structure, linking the priest to the order of Melchizedek.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲱⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Job (ⲓⲱⲃ) as a model of patience (ⲑⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ) reflects the monastic reception of Job as a prototype of endurance, common in Coptic ascetic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae after 'Aaron' and before 'the high priest' leave unclear whether Christ is identified with Aaron or contrasted with him.","The phrase 'the Catholic James' could refer to the Epistle of James or to a person named James, but the context favors the epistle."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":124,"ref":"p124","source":"ⲙⲁⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙⲁⲣ︦ϥ︦ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛⲥⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ϫⲱϥ • ⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲁϩⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲉϩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ • ⲙ ⲡϫⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϣⲗⲏⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲡⲓⲥⲧⲓⲥ ⲛ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϫ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛ̄ⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ⲕⲁⲛ • ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲣ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲕⲉⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ϭⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲗⲏⲗ • ϩⲁ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉ ϥⲉⲕⲱ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥⲡ̄ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ϭⲙ̄ϭⲟⲙ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓ • |\nⲠⲢⲀⲜⲒⲤ\nⲦⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ • ⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲁϫⲟⲟⲩⲕ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ\nⲡⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲁⲣⲛⲁ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲕⲁⲑⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ • ⲛ ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄\nⲣϥϯϩⲁⲡ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ϫⲟⲟⲩϥ • ⲛ ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲣϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲓϫ • ⲙ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ ⲡⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ • ⲡⲁⲓ\nⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄\nϩⲉⲛϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲗⲩⲑⲣⲁ ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ • ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡϫⲁⲓⲉ • ⲛ ϩⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙ ⲡⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲗ︦ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲛⲏⲩ • ⲛ ⲧⲁ ϩⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲥⲓⲛⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲡⲁⲓ [ⲡⲉ]ⲛⲧ ⲁϥϫⲓ • ⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲟ︦ⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲧⲁⲁⲩ\nⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲉ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ • ⲛϭⲓ\nⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ •","english":"Let him who is sick sing psalms. In your heart, let him call upon the presbyters of the church, and let them pray over him, for they have anointed him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer and the faith of the sick one will bring healing. And the Lord will raise him up, even if he has committed other sins; they will be forgiven him, revealed openly. Confess your sins to one another, and pray for one another, so that he may forgive you. The intercession of the righteous is exceedingly powerful, and it works.\n\nTHE PRAXIS\n\nNow then, come, let me send you up to Egypt. This is Moses, whom they have called Arnā, saying, \"Who is it that appointed you as ruler and judge over us?\" This one God sent as ruler and savior by the hand of the angel, the one who revealed himself to him in the burning bush. This is the one who brought them out, who performed signs and wonders in Egypt and in the Red Sea, in the wilderness for forty years. This is the one who said to the children of Israel, \"God will raise up a prophet for you from among your brothers like me.\" This is the one who was in the church with the one who spoke with him on Mount Sinai and with the fathers. This is the one who received words revealed to give to you, and not according to the will of the fathers to listen to him, but...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term is rendered 'presbyters' here, reflecting the clerical order, as the context involves anointing and prayer over the sick.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲓⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Moses' prophecy of a prophet like himself echoes Deuteronomy 18:15, where Moses foretells a prophet from among the people.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The heading 'ⲠⲢⲀⲜⲒⲤ' (Praxis) marks a shift to a narrative or exemplary section, common in monastic literature to introduce a practical teaching or model.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage divides into two parts: a prescriptive section on healing through prayer and confession, and a narrative section invoking Moses as a type of divinely appointed leader.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The identification of Moses with the church and Sinai suggests a typological reading common in Coptic monastic circles, linking the desert fathers to biblical prototypes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲛⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The name 'Arnā' (ⲁⲣⲛⲁ) is obscure; it may be a corruption or variant of a Hebrew or Egyptian name, but its exact referent is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Arnā' (ⲁⲣⲛⲁ) is unclear; it may be a title or a proper name.","The phrase 'ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ' could refer to Moses or to a later figure; the antecedent is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":125,"ref":"p125","source":"ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉ\nⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛⲁⲛ • ⲛ\nϩⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲥⲉϫⲓ ⲙⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ϩⲏⲧ︤ⲛ︥ • ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲡⲁⲓ • ⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲛⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲛ ⲕⲏⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲟⲩ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲓⲉ ⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲗⲉ • ⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓⲇⲟⲗⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁⲩⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ • ⲁⲩⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ • ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ •|ⲛ ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲁ • ⲛⲧⲡⲉ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϩ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲏ •","english":"They left him behind. They returned to Egypt. They said to Aaron, \"Make for us gods who will go before us. For as for Moses, this one who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him.\" And they made a tabernacle in those days. They offered a sacrifice upon the idol, and they rejoiced in the works of their hands. But God turned them to serve the host of heaven, according to what is written in the book of the prophets: \"Did","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (here plural ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) is rendered 'gods' in the English draft, consistent with the glossary's note that without the definite article it can refer to a god or the divine. The context of idol-making supports a polytheistic sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the book of the prophets' likely refers to a collection of prophetic books (e.g., the Minor Prophets or the Twelve). The quotation that follows ('Did...') is broken off; it may echo a verse such as Exodus 32 or a prophetic rebuke of idolatry.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲓⲉ ⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The construction of a tabernacle (ⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ, from Greek σκηνή) and sacrifice upon an idol recalls the biblical golden calf episode (Exodus 32). The narrative here adapts that story to the setting of Aaron and the Israelites in the wilderness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit that recounts the Israelites' request for visible gods and their subsequent idolatry, followed by God's redirection to serve the 'host of heaven'. The structure moves from human action to divine intervention, typical of hagiographic retellings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'host of heaven' (ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲣⲁϯⲁ ⲛⲧⲡⲉ) may reflect a later Christian angelology, where the 'host' denotes angels. This interpretation aligns with the monastic context of the work, which often emphasizes angelic service.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ could mean 'they left him behind' (referring to Moses) or 'they left it behind' (the tabernacle or idol). The English draft takes the former, which fits the narrative of Moses' disappearance.","The phrase ⲛⲧⲁ ⲟⲩ • ϣⲱⲡⲉ • ⲙⲙⲟϥ is ambiguous: 'what has happened to him' (as in the draft) or 'what has happened to it' (the tabernacle). The context of Moses' fate supports the personal reading.","The quotation from the book of the prophets is truncated; the full verse is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":126,"ref":"p126","source":"ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛ ϩⲉⲛϣⲱⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ • ⲛ ϩⲙⲉ • ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ • ⲡⲏⲓ ⲙ ⲡ︦ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲗ︦ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲁⲧⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϫⲓ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲥⲕⲩⲛⲏ • ⲙ ⲙⲟⲗⲟⲭ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲫⲉⲣⲁⲛ • ⲛⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ • ⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ\nⲟⲩⲱϣ︦ⲧ︦ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲡⲉⲛⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ\nⲡⲉⲓ ⲥⲁ • ⲛ ⲧⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ • ⲠⲀⲖⲖⲎ • ⲘⲈϤϪⲠⲞ ⁘ Ⲁ ⲛⲉⲕⲉⲩⲣⲏⲏϭⲉ • ⲣ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉ ⲧⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ • ⲁ\nⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲕⲓⲙ • ⲁϥⲥⲧⲱⲧ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲏ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲑⲁⲗⲗⲁⲥⲁ\nⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁ • ⲙ ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ\nⲁⲩⲱ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲁϭⲥⲉ ⲁⲛ • ⲁⲕϫⲓ ⲙⲟⲉⲓⲧ • ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲛⲑⲉ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲓⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧϭⲓϫ ⲙ\nⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ • ⲠⲔⲀⲦⲀ ⲘⲀⲐⲐⲀⲒⲞⲤ ⁘ Ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲅⲁⲗⲓⲗⲁⲓⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ\nϩⲣⲁⲓ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲉϥⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙ\nⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲛ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲉⲣⲟ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲣ̄ ⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ • ⲉ\nϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲓⲗⲟϫⲗϫ̄ ⲛⲓⲙ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ\nⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲩⲣⲓⲁ • ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲛⲁϥ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲕ︦ϩ︦ • ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛϣⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉⲩϣⲟⲃⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ϩⲉⲛⲧⲕⲁⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟ • ⲛ̄ ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲉ ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲏϭ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣ̄\nⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲱϥ • ⲛϭⲓ ϩⲉⲛⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲇⲉⲕⲁⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲑⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲟⲗⲩⲙⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ • |\nⲚ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲉ ⲙⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ • ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ\nⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩϯ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲓ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛ ⲣⲱϥ • ⲁϥϯ\nⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ •","english":"They raised up for me sacrifices and offerings of a hundred years in the desert, the house of Israel. And you took the tabernacle of Moloch and the image of the god Pharan, the forms which you made to worship them. And I will lead you out to the other side of Babylon. PALLĒ. METHJPO. The other rivers gave light to the inhabited world. The earth shook and trembled. Your way is in the sea, and your places of walking are in great waters. And they will not know your footsteps. You took the path before your people, like sheep in the hand of Moses and Aaron. KATA MATTHAIOS. He came out from all of Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel to the multitude, and healing every sickness and every affliction among the people. His fame went out through all of Syria. They brought to him all who were afflicted with diseases that were severe, and those who were in pains, and those who had demons, and the lame, and the blind, and he healed them. Great multitudes followed him from the Decapolis and Jerusalem and the bank of the Jordan. When he saw the multitudes, he went up onto the mountain. And when he sat down, his disciples gave their attention to him. He opened his mouth and taught them, saying this.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲫⲉⲣⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the god Pharan' likely refers to a local deity associated with the region of Pharan (modern Wadi Feiran in Sinai). The definite article ⲡ- before ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ indicates a specific god, not the Christian God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'proclaiming the gospel' echoes the New Testament, particularly the Synoptic Gospels. The mention of healing and multitudes recalls Jesus' ministry as in Matthew 4:23-25.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲫⲉⲣⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'image of the god Pharan' suggests a cult statue or icon. Pharan was a site in the Sinai desert, associated with early Christian monasticism, but here it is presented as a pagan idol.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲠⲀⲖⲖⲎ • ⲘⲈϤϪⲠⲞ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text includes the words 'PALLĒ. METHJPO.' which appear to be a scribal insertion or marginal note, possibly indicating a section break or a liturgical response. Their meaning is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'They raised up for me' is ambiguous: the speaker may be God or a prophet. The Coptic ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟ could be second person plural, but the English draft renders it as third person plural. The subject is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲩⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲏⲣ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The fame of the healer spreading through all Syria reflects the early Christian tradition of Jesus' reputation reaching beyond Galilee, as in Mark 3:7-8. This motif is common in monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker in the first part is ambiguous: it could be God, Moses, or a prophetic figure. The Coptic ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲗⲟ (second person plural) is rendered as third person in the English draft, creating confusion.","The phrase 'PALLĒ. METHJPO.' is obscure; it may be a scribal note, a liturgical marker, or a corruption. Its function in the narrative is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":127,"ref":"p127","source":"ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ •","english":"Blessed are the poor.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic expression ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ is a fixed phrase meaning 'blessed are' or 'fortunate are,' often used in beatitudes. It is a standard formula in Coptic liturgical and monastic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ is the plural of ϩⲏⲕⲉ, meaning 'the poor' or 'the needy.' In monastic contexts, it often refers to those who have embraced voluntary poverty as a spiritual discipline.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ","severity":"info","text":"This phrase echoes the beatitude 'Blessed are the poor in spirit' (Matthew 5:3) and the broader biblical theme of the poor as blessed (e.g., Psalm 41:1 LXX). The Coptic version likely reflects a monastic adaptation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This brief sentence stands as an isolated unit in the passage, possibly serving as a concluding aphorism or a liturgical response. Its brevity contrasts with the preceding narrative, suggesting a shift in genre or a scribal insertion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Blessed are the poor' is a central tenet of Egyptian monasticism, where poverty was embraced as a path to spiritual purity. This aligns with the ascetic ideals of the desert fathers, as seen in the Apophthegmata Patrum.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text is fragmentary; the preceding passage contains obscure references (e.g., 'tabernacle of Moloch,' 'god Pharan') that may be corrupt or from a lost source. The phrase 'Blessed are the poor' may be a scribal gloss or a separate textual unit."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":128,"ref":"p128","source":"ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲉⲡ︤ⲛ︦ⲁ︥ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩ • ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ϩⲏⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲥ︦ⲡ︦ⲥⲱⲡⲟⲩ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲣ︦ⲙ︦ⲣⲁϣ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲱⲙⲉⲓ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛⲛⲉⲧ ϩⲕⲁⲉⲓⲧ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲃⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲓ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲛⲁⲏⲧ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁ • ⲛⲁⲩ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (sic) ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ • ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ • ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲉⲣⲟ • ⲛ̄\nⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⁘ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϭⲛⲉϭ ⲧⲏⲩⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛⲥⲉⲡⲱⲧ ⲛⲥⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲥⲉϫⲉ ϩⲱⲃ • ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲉⲩϫⲓ ϭⲟⲗ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧ︦ⲛ︦ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ • ⲣⲁϣⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲃⲉⲉⲕⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲱϥ • ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲉⲧ\nϩⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲏ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ • ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲃⲁⲃⲉ • ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲙⲁⲗϩϥ̄ | ⲛ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲉϥⲣ̄ϣⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲟϫ︦ϥ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲥⲉϩⲟⲙ︦ϥ︦ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲙ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ϣϭⲟⲙ • ⲛ\nⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ • ⲉ ϩⲱⲡ ⲉⲥⲕⲏ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲙⲉⲩϫⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲃ︦ⲥ︦ • ⲛⲥⲉⲕⲁⲁϥ ϩⲁ ⲟⲩϣⲓ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲧⲗⲩⲭⲛⲓⲁ • ⲛ︤ϥ︦ⲣ︥ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲟⲡ • ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϩ︤ⲙ︥ ⲡⲏⲓ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣϥ︤ⲣ︥ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ • ⲙⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ •","english":"In the Spirit: \"The kingdom of the heavens is theirs. Blessed are the poor, for they are the ones who will be saved. Blessed are the joyful, for they are the ones who will inherit the earth. Blessed are those who are humble, who oppose righteousness, for they are the ones who will come. Blessed are those who are pure in heart, for they are the ones who will see God. Blessed are the merciful, for they are the ones who will see. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they are the ones who will be called children of God. Blessed are those who have fled after righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens. Blessed are you if you are tested, and you flee after yourselves, and you do no evil deed within you, and you do not deceive yourselves concerning joy. Rejoice, for your reward will be great in the heavens. For this is the way the prophets fled, who are before you. You are the salt of the earth. If the salt becomes insipid, it will be seasoned with something, but it will be of no use for anything except to be thrown out and trampled by men. You are the light of the world, and there is no city that can hide itself, even if it is situated on a mountain, nor can a lamp be hidden under a bushel; rather, it is placed on a lampstand to give light to all who are in the house. This is the way: let your light shine before men.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek loanword εἰρήνη, here in the phrase ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ 'peacemakers'. In a colophon it would be liturgical, but here it denotes those who make peace.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek loanword προφήτης, here in the plural ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ 'the prophets', referring to Old Testament prophets as models of flight from the world.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ϩⲏⲃⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Echoes the beatitude 'Blessed are the poor' (cf. Matt 5:3, Luke 6:20), but the Coptic ⲣ̄ϩⲏⲃⲉ 'poor' may also connote 'humble'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Directly recalls Matt 5:9 'Blessed are the peacemakers', with the same Greek loanword ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ","severity":"info","text":"The metaphor 'salt of the earth' (cf. Matt 5:13) is applied to the monks, who are the preservers of the world. The following image of insipid salt being thrown out reinforces the monastic ideal of active virtue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated anaphora ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ 'blessed are' structures the passage as a series of beatitudes, each followed by a causal clause introduced by ϫⲉ 'for'. This rhetorical pattern is typical of monastic exhortation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ϩⲏⲃⲉ could be read as 'the poor' or 'the humble'; the English draft takes 'poor', but the context of beatitudes allows both.","The clause ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲥ︦ⲡ︦ⲥⲱⲡⲟⲩ is ambiguous: 'they are the ones who will be saved' or 'they are the ones who will be gathered'? The English draft chooses 'saved'.","The phrase ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲓ is unclear: 'they are the ones who will come' (as in the draft) or 'they are the ones who will go'? The Coptic ⲥⲉⲓ can mean 'come' or 'go' depending on context."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":129,"ref":"p129","source":"ϫⲉ\nⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲱⲟⲩ • ⲛⲥⲉϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓⲱⲧ • ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ • ⲞⲘⲀⲒⲰⲤ ⲔⲈ ⲞⲨⲀ • ⲀⲦⲀⲚⲀⲤⲦⲀⲤⲒⲤ • ⲠⲔⲀⲦⲀ ⲘⲀⲢⲔⲞⲤ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ • ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ • ⲧⲁ ⲓⲁⲕⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙⲏ •","english":"so that they may see the good works, and they will give glory to our father who is in the heavens. Likewise also the Anastasis according to Mark. And when the Sabbath came, Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Salome brought oil.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲞⲘⲀⲒⲰⲤ ⲔⲈ ⲞⲨⲀ • ⲀⲦⲀⲚⲀⲤⲦⲀⲤⲒⲤ • ⲠⲔⲀⲦⲀ ⲘⲀⲢⲔⲞⲤ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek phrase 'Ὁμοίως καὶ ἡ Ἀνάστασις κατὰ Μάρκον' (Likewise also the Resurrection according to Mark) likely refers to a liturgical reading or apocryphal text, not the canonical Gospel of Mark. The 'Anastasis' may denote a homily or narrative on the Resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ appears twice: 'Mary Magdalene' (ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ) and 'Mary the mother of James' (ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲁ ⲓⲁⲕⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ). The glossary distinguishes Mary as Theotokos from other Marys; here both are distinct figures in the Gospel tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Salome (ⲥⲁⲗⲱⲙⲏ) is a figure in early Christian tradition, often identified as the midwife at Jesus' birth or a follower present at the tomb. Her inclusion with Mary Magdalene and Mary of James echoes Gospel of Peter or other apocryphal resurrection accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'And when the Sabbath came' (ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ) marks a temporal shift in the narrative, introducing the women's action of bringing oil. This structure is typical of monastic hagiography, linking liturgical time to miraculous events.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲱⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic 'ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲛⲱⲟⲩ' is ambiguous: the subject of 'they may see' is unclear, possibly the women or the faithful. The English draft assumes the women, but the preceding passage (blessings) suggests a broader audience.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of 'they may see' (ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲩ) is not explicit; it could refer to the women (Mary, Salome) or to a general audience. The phrase 'our father who is in the heavens' may refer to a monastic superior or to God, but the Coptic ⲡⲉⲧ︦ⲛ︦ⲉⲓⲱⲧ is ambiguous. The Greek phrase 'Ὁμοίως καὶ ἡ Ἀνάστασις κατὰ Μάρκον' is a textual insertion whose source and function are uncertain; it may be a liturgical rubr"],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ → “Mary”. The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}]},{"i":130,"ref":"p130","source":"ⲁⲩϣⲡ̄ ϩⲉⲛϩⲏⲛⲉ • ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲥ • ⲉⲩⲉⲉⲓ • ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲁϩⲥ︦ϥ︦ • ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ\nⲇⲉ • ⲛϣⲱⲣⲡ̄ • ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ\nⲡ︦ⲙ︦ϩⲁⲁⲩ • ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲣⲏ • ϣⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ • ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲣⲁ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲣ̄ⲕⲣ̄ ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ • ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲓⲣ︦ⲛ︦ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ\nⲇⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ • ⲉ ⲁⲩϥⲓⲧ︦ϥ︦ ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁⲩ\nⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲉⲙⲁⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ\nⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲉ ⲡ︦ⲙ︦ϩⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉⲩϩ︦ⲣ︦ϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ ⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ\nⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ • ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲉϥϭⲟⲟⲗⲉ • ⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ • ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲱⲃϣ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ • ⲛⲧⲟϥ • ⲇ[ⲉ\nⲁ]ϥϣⲁϫⲉ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ▨▨[ϯ]ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ϫⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ | ⲡⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ • ⲡⲉⲛⲧ\nⲁⲩⲥⳁⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ • ⲛ︦ϥ︦ ⲙ ⲡⲉⲓ ⲙⲁ • ⲁⲛ • ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ • ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲙⲁ • ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ • ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲣϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄\nⲉ ⲧⲅⲁⲗⲓⲗⲁⲓⲁ • ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ • ⲛⲏⲧ︦ⲛ︦ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲙϩⲁⲁⲩ • ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲧ • ⲛⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲣ̄ ϣⲡⲏⲣⲉ • ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲇⲉ\nⲛ̄ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ • ⲛⲉⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲇⲉ • ⲉ ϩⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ • ⲛ ϣⲱⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲛⲥⲟⲩⲁ • ⲙ̄ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ ϣⲟⲣ︦ⲡ︦ • ⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲉϫ ⲥⲁϣϥ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲧⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲁⲥⲃⲱⲕ •","english":"They found some stones, so that they might come and anoint him in the morning early on the first day of the week. They came to the tomb before sunrise, and they were saying to one another, \"Who will roll the stone away for us from the mouth of their tomb?\" When they came, they saw that the stone had been removed from its place, for it was very large. And when they went into the tomb, they saw a young man sitting on the right side of it, clothed in a white garment. And fear seized them. But he spoke to them, saying, \"Do not be afraid, for I know that you are seeking Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified in this place. He has risen, as he said. And behold, the place where they laid him is empty. But go, tell his disciples and the other Peter that he will go before you to Galilee, where you will see him, in the place he told you about.\" When they heard, they came out of the tomb and fled, for fear was with them, and they were amazed, and they did not speak a word to anyone, for they were afraid. When he rose early on the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven demons. That one then went.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ is Mary Magdalene, distinguished from the Theotokos by the epithet. The glossary notes that ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ alone can refer to the Virgin in homilies, but the context of demon expulsion and resurrection appearance confirms the Magdalene.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲥⳁⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'who was crucified' echoes the Gospel passion narratives (e.g., Mark 15:24; John 19:18). The reference to the empty tomb and the instruction to go to Galilee (cf. Mark 16:6-7) aligns with the canonical resurrection accounts, though the Coptic text conflates details.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ (the Sabbath) here refers to the first day of the week (Sunday) in the Coptic liturgical sense, as the resurrection is celebrated on Sunday. The phrase 'ⲛ ϣⲱⲣⲡ ⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲱⲛ' indicates 'early on the first day of the week'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲧⲙⲁⲅⲇⲁⲗⲓⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The detail that Jesus cast out seven demons from Mary Magdalene is non-canonical and appears in Coptic traditions (e.g., the Gospel of Mary or later hagiography). This reflects the Magdalene's portrayal as a penitent possessed by demons, a motif developed in Egyptian monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨[ϯ]ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna before ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ; the editor supplies [ϯ]ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ('I know'). The reconstruction is plausible but not certain. The sense is clear from context: the young man claims knowledge of the women's search for Jesus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit recounting the discovery of the empty tomb and the appearance of a young man (angelic figure) to the women. It follows the previous passage's mention of Mary Magdalene and Salome bringing oil, and leads to Mary Magdalene's departure to inform the disciples.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'young man' (ⲩϩⲣϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ) is ambiguous: possibly an angel or a resurrected Jesus in youthful form. The text does not specify.","The phrase 'ⲡⲕⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ' ('the other Peter') is unclear; it may refer to a different Peter (e.g., Simon Peter's counterpart) or be a textual corruption.","The lacuna before ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ leaves the first person pronoun uncertain; the reading '[ϯ]ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ' is assumed."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":131,"ref":"p131","source":"ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ\nⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙ︦ⲁϥ • ⲉⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲏⲃⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲣⲓⲙⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ • ⲇⲉ\nϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧ︤ⲙ︥ • ϫⲉ ϥⲟⲛ︤ϩ︥ • ⲁⲩⲱ ϫⲉ ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲩⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ︦ϩ︦ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ • ϩ︦ⲛ︦ ⲕⲉ\nⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ • ⲉⲩⲃⲏⲕ • ⲉ ⲧⲥⲱϣⲉ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲱⲟⲩ • ⲟⲛ • ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ • ⲙⲡ̇ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲛⲥⲁ • ⲉⲩⲛⲏϫ • ⲙ ⲡⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉ • ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ • ⲁϥⲛⲟϭⲛⲉϭ • ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ • ⲧⲉⲧⲙ︦ⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲁϣⲧϩⲏⲧ• ▨▨ⲙ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨|","english":"She told those who were with him, and they were amazed and weeping. But they themselves, when they heard that he was alive and that they had seen his face, were afraid. After these things, however, they saw him outside among them, walking. He appeared to them in another form, and they went into the field. Those who were there also went and told the others. Yet even those did not believe. Afterwards, when they were sitting at the ninth hour, he appeared to them while they were eating, and he reproached them for their lack of faith and their hardness of heart.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The subject of the initial verb is ambiguous: 'she' (ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲙⲉ) refers to an unnamed woman, likely the mother or a companion of the monk, who reports the events to those present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ (Greek μορφή) means 'form' or 'appearance'. The phrase 'in another form' suggests a miraculous transformation, a common motif in monastic resurrection narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉ ('the ninth hour') corresponds to the ninth hour of the day (about 3 PM), a time of prayer and meals in monastic tradition, echoing Acts 10:9 and the daily office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲛⲟϭⲛⲉϭ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'reproached them for their lack of faith' reflects a hagiographic topos: the resurrected monk chastises doubters, reinforcing the theme of faith in miraculous resurrection common in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"▨▨ⲙ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨","severity":"caution","text":"The final line of the Coptic is heavily damaged (lacunae indicated by ▨). The reading is uncertain; the English draft supplies a plausible reconstruction based on context, but the original text is incomplete.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲙⲉ is not explicitly identified; the English draft assumes 'she' from the previous passage, but the Coptic alone does not specify.","The damaged final section (▨▨ⲙ▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨) prevents full verification of the concluding reproach."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":132,"ref":"p132","source":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ • ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩ︦ⲙ︦ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲙ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ • ⲙ\nⲡⲥⲱⲛ︦ⲧ︦ • ⲧⲏ︦ⲣ︦ϥ︦ • ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲛ︦ϥ︦ϫⲓⲃⲁⲡⲧⲓⲥⲙⲁ •\nϥⲛⲁⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ • ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲛ︤ϥ︥ⲛⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ • ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧϭⲁⲓⲟϥ • ⲛⲉⲓ ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱϩ • ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ •\nⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫ ⲇⲁⲓⲙⲟⲛⲓⲟⲛ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲣⲁⲛ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲁϫⲉ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ ⲛⲁⲥⲡⲉ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲛ ϩⲉⲛϩⲟϥ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ •\nⲕⲁⲛ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ • ⲛ︦ⲥ︦ⲛⲁⲣⲃⲟⲟⲛⲉ\nⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲛ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧϣⲱⲛⲉ\nⲛⲥⲉⲙⲧⲟⲛ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲣ︦ϥ︦ϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ︦ⲙ︦ⲙⲁⲩ •\nⲁⲩϫⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲡⲉ • ⲁϥϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ • ⲙ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ • ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉⲓ • ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • ⲁⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ • ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϯ ⲛ ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ • ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ • ⲙ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ • ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ • ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲏⲏϩ • ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ •","english":"He said to them, \"Go out into the whole world and proclaim the gospel of the entire creation. He who will believe and receive baptism will be saved. He who will not believe, however, they will condemn him. These signs will remain for those who believe. They will cast out demons in my name. They will speak in tongues. They will take up snakes in their hands. Even if they drink a deadly poison, it will not harm them. They will lay their hands on the sick and heal them.\" The Lord, after he had spoken with them, was taken up into heaven and sat at the right hand of God. They, when they went out, proclaimed the signs, with the Lord giving them authority, confirming the word through the signs that remained with them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) is the definite form of ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ, used here for the Christian God. The phrase 'sat at the right hand of God' echoes a standard Christological image of Christ's enthronement after the ascension.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (the Lord) here refers to Christ, consistent with its use in homilies and biblical narrative. The preceding passage identifies the speaker as the risen Lord.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'gospel of the entire creation' (ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲙ ⲡⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ) is not a canonical title; it may echo the 'gospel of the kingdom' proclaimed to all creation (cf. Mark 16:15) or reflect a Coptic expansion of the apostolic mission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'signs' (ⲙⲙⲁⲉⲓⲛ) listed—exorcism, glossolalia, handling snakes, surviving poison, healing—are standard charismatic gifts in early monastic literature, often attributed to apostles and desert fathers. They authenticate the apostolic commission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage forms the conclusion of the narrative: Christ's direct speech (commands and promises) is followed by a brief account of his ascension and the apostles' departure. The shift from direct discourse to narrative marks a structural closure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This commissioning scene, with its list of miraculous signs, is typical of Coptic apostolic legends that emphasize the apostles' supernatural authority. It may have been used to legitimize monastic wonder-workers in later hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.paphnutius-histories-monks-of-egypt","label":"source edition: Paphnutius Histories Monks of Egypt","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Paphnutius_Histories%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲡⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ could mean 'the whole creation' or 'the whole world' (as in the English draft). The reading 'entire creation' is retained for its theological resonance.","The phrase ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲡⲓⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉ (those who will believe) is ambiguous: it may refer to the apostles' future converts or to the audience of the signs. The context favors the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}