{"slug":"budge-misc.apa-psote","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.apa-psote","title":"Apa Psote","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:17Z","cost_usd":0.011688},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:budge-misc.apa-psote","work_id":"budge-misc.apa-psote","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":15,"english_words":2868,"coptic_letters":7975,"commentary_units":88,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":33,"ambiguities":32,"work_notes":5,"external_links":3,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"budge-misc.apa-psote","abstract":"The work is a hagiographical narrative recounting the life and martyrdom of Apa Psote, a Coptic saint. It survives in a single fragmentary parchment codex from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum, now in the British Library. The text is in Sahidic Coptic with a formal, liturgical register typical of hagiographic and martyrological literature. First edited and translated into English by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1915 as part of his 'Miscellaneous Coptic Texts', the work is classified as a spiritual discourse (ⲞⲨⲄⲀⲞⲨⲄⲎⲤⲒⲤ) within the Coptic tradition, reflecting the hagiographical and homiletic literature of Egyptian monasticism. The beginning and end are lost, and some lacunae obscure the full narrative of Psote’s trial and death.","historical_context":"The text likely dates to the early medieval period, consistent with other Coptic martyrdom accounts from the 5th–7th centuries. It is set in the era of the Emperor of Thebes, and Psote presents his head to the governor and soldiers for judgment at evening, with the people assembled. The work is a spiritual discourse delivered on the Lord's Day, addressing beloved sons and daughters, urging them to follow the commandments of life and warning against transient worldly pursuits. The sole surviving manuscript is a parchment codex from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum, a center of Coptic monasticism, now in the British Library. The Coptic is Sahidic dialect, the literary standard of Upper Egypt, and the text's formal register suggests liturgical use. The work was first edited and translated into English by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1915, reflecting early 20th-century scholarly interest in Coptic hagiography.","significance":"The work is significant as a witness to Coptic hagiographical and homiletic literature, illustrating the fusion of martyrdom narrative and spiritual discourse in Egyptian monasticism. It provides insight into the veneration of local saints and the liturgical life of Coptic communities. Its fragmentary survival highlights the challenges of manuscript transmission and the importance of early modern editions for preserving such texts.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–7th c.","event":"Probable composition of the original Coptic martyrdom account of Apa Psote."},{"date":"9th–10th c.","event":"Likely date of the surviving parchment codex from the Monastery of St. Michael in the Fayyum."},{"date":"1915","event":"First edition and English translation by E. A. Wallis Budge in 'Miscellaneous Coptic Texts'."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Manuscript accessioned into the British Library collection."}],"relations":[{"work":"Miscellaneous Coptic Texts","relation":"First edition and translation of the work","key":"ed:budge-misc.apa-psote","label":"source edition: Apa Psote","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"},{"work":"Life of Cyrus","relation":"Similar Coptic hagiographical genre","key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"},{"work":"Life of Longinus and Lucius","relation":"Similar Coptic hagiographical genre","key":"dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Longinus and Apa Lucius","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-longinus-lucius-life"}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990008436770203941","label":"British Library manuscript record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990008436770203941","reason":"Holding institution for the sole surviving manuscript"},{"key":"hollis:alma990022486850203941","label":"Related manuscript record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022486850203941","reason":"Additional manuscript context"},{"key":"wikipedia:Coptic_literature","label":"Coptic literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_literature","reason":"Broader context for the work's genre and tradition"}],"cautions":["The date of composition is uncertain; the text is placed in the 5th–7th centuries based on parallels with other Coptic martyrdom accounts, but this is not firmly established.","The work is fragmentary; the beginning and end are lost, and lacunae obscure parts of the narrative.","The attribution to Apa Psote is traditional and not independently verified; the work may be a later composition attributed to him.","The sole surviving manuscript is from the 9th–10th centuries, but the original composition may be earlier or later."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000479,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:30:29Z"},"checks":{"work":"budge-misc.apa-psote","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":15,"translated":15,"commentary_passages":15,"commentary_units":88,"english_words":2868,"coptic_letters":7975,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving witness is a single Coptic manuscript (BL Or. 3581B, 10th–11th c.), from which Budge’s edition derives. No other manuscript or fragment is known.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.apa-psote","label":"source edition: Apa Psote","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":["hollis:alma990008436770203941"]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text claims to narrate events of the 4th century (Diocletianic persecution), but the earliest manuscript is 10th–11th c. The work’s composition date is uncertain; internal evidence suggests a post-Chalcedonian milieu.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.apa-psote","label":"source edition: Apa Psote","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Apa Psote is commemorated in the Coptic Synaxarion on 5 Koiak. The life was read liturgically, but the present text is not the Synaxarion entry; it is a longer, independent hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"},{"key":"dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Longinus and Apa Lucius","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-longinus-lucius-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (Budge 1915) is based on a single manuscript with lacunae. The Coptic OCR text may contain uncorrected misreadings; no collation against the manuscript has been performed for this edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.apa-psote","label":"source edition: Apa Psote","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is anonymous; attribution to Apa Psote is traditional. The narrative includes hagiographic topoi (e.g., miraculous escapes, imperial interrogations) that cannot be taken as historical record without corroboration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 9 narrative, 5 address to the congregation, 1 doxology."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"17 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"address":5,"narrative":9,"doxology":1},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","english":"God","count":30,"first_passage":1,"note":"Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"coptic":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","english":"Lord","count":7,"first_passage":2,"note":"Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":6,"first_passage":12,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"bishop","count":4,"first_passage":1,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","english":"people","count":4,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":4,"first_passage":2,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":3,"first_passage":14,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":2,"first_passage":1,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","english":"church","count":2,"first_passage":2,"note":"The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲁ","english":"Apa","count":2,"first_passage":7,"note":"A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":2,"first_passage":14,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":1,"first_passage":1,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","english":"presbyter","count":1,"first_passage":6,"note":"Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","english":"deacon","count":1,"first_passage":6,"note":"The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","english":"love","count":1,"first_passage":7,"note":"Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","english":"prophet","count":1,"first_passage":10,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","english":"magus","count":1,"first_passage":14,"note":"In the Nativity narratives the plural names the visitors from the east; elsewhere the singular is a sorcerer, often an antagonist of an apostle."}],"citations":{"ed:budge-misc.apa-psote":{"label":"source edition: Apa Psote","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"},"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life":{"label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"},"dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life":{"label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Longinus and Apa Lucius","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-longinus-lucius-life"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ⲞⲨⲄⲀⲞⲨⲄⲎⲤⲒⲤ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ ⲠⲚ̄ ⲠⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ\nⲚ Ⲓ̈ⲰⲦ ⲀⲘⲀ ⲮⲞⲦⲈ ⲠⲚⲞϬ Ⲛ̄ ⲈⲠⲒⲤⲔⲞⲠⲞⲤ\nⲚ̄ ⲦⲠⲞⲖⲒⲤ ⲠⲤⲞⲒ̈ • Ⲛ̄ⲦⲀϤⲦⲀⲨⲞⲤ ⲆⲈ Ⲛ\nϢⲰⲢⲠ︥ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲔⲨⲢⲒⲀⲔⲎ • Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲈⲢⲈ ⲀⲢⲒⲀⲚⲞⲤ\nⲠ̄ϨⲎⲄⲈⲘⲰⲚ Ⲛ ⲐⲨⲂⲀⲈⲒⲤ ⲦⲚ̄ⲚⲞⲞⲨ Ⲛ̄ⲤⲰϤ\nⲈⲂⲒ Ⲛ̄ ⲦⲈϤⲀⲠⲈ Ⲉ̄ ⲀϤⲠⲀⲢⲀⲔⲀⲖⲒ Ⲛ̄ ⲠⲂⲈⲗⲈⲦⲀⲢⲒⲞⲤ Ⲛ̄ ⲠⲢ̄ⲢⲞ ⲘⲚ̄ ⲘⲘⲀⲦⲞⲒ̈ Ⲛ ⲠϨⲎⲄⲈⲘⲰⲚ Ⲉ̄ ⲦⲢⲈⲨⲔⲀⲦⲬⲈ Ⲙ̄ⲘⲞϤ Ⲉ ⲀϤⲢ̄\nⲦⲈⲨϢⲎ ⲦⲎⲢⲤ̄ • ⲈϤϨⲞⲘⲈⲖⲒⲈ ⲠⲖⲀⲞⲤ •\nϨⲚ̄ ⲞⲨⲈⲒⲢⲎⲚⲎ ϨⲀⲘⲎⲚ •\nⲦϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁϣⲉⲉⲣⲉ •\nⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ • Ⲧϩⲱⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄\nϩⲛ̄ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲛϩ̄ : ⲉ ⲧⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲱ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ\nⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ : ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ϫⲉ ⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲕⲧⲟⲓ̈ ⲁⲛ ϣⲁ\nⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ϯⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ :-Ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ\nⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϭⲓⲙⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥ : ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲱⲛ\nⲉϥϣⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲛⲁⲟⲩⲁϩϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̄\nϩⲟⲩⲟ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ | ⲕⲱ ⲛϩ̄ⲧⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ϣⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲕⲁⲁⲩ •\nⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲕⲱⲧ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲧⲱϭⲉ • ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̄ϭⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ •","english":"A spiritual discourse of the Holy Father, Apa Psote, the great bishop of the city of Psoi. He delivered it on the Sunday of the Lord's Day, in the era of the Emperor of Thebes, sending greetings to all, concerning his head, which he presented to the governor of the king and the soldiers of the emperor, that they might judge him at the evening of that day, while the people were assembled. In peace, Amen.\n\nI ask you, O my beloved sons and daughters, and I greet you all together with a greeting from God. For I stretch out my hand to you today in the commandments of life, that you may walk in them at all times, and that you may continue to do my will. I know this, that I will not return to you in the flesh forever. O my beloved sons, strive for yourselves in a good struggle, for the struggle of this world is a fleeting one. Woe to the one who will follow it and its evil deeds. Woe even more to those who set their hearts on things that pass away, whether building, planting, or any work of violence.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲞⲨⲄⲀⲞⲨⲄⲎⲤⲒⲤ Ⲛ̄ⲦⲈ ⲠⲚ̄ ⲠⲈⲦ ⲞⲨⲀⲀⲂ","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula identifies the work as a spiritual discourse (ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲥⲓⲥ) of a holy father, a standard homiletic incipit in Coptic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary; here it describes Apa Psote as the great bishop of Psoi.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (Greek εἰρήνη) appears in the closing formula ϨⲚ̄ ⲞⲨⲈⲒⲢⲎⲚⲎ ϨⲀⲘⲎⲚ, rendered 'In peace, Amen', a standard liturgical colophon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲠⲤⲞⲒ̈","severity":"info","text":"Psoi (ⲠⲤⲞⲒ̈) is the Coptic name for the city of Ptolemais in Upper Egypt, a major episcopal see.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the struggle of this world is a fleeting one' echoes 1 Corinthians 9:18 and the ascetic topos of the world as a transient arena.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲀⲢⲒⲀⲚⲞⲤ Ⲡ̄ϨⲎⲄⲈⲘⲰⲚ Ⲛ ⲐⲨⲂⲀⲈⲒⲤ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the era of the Emperor of Thebes' is historically problematic; no known emperor ruled from Thebes, suggesting a legendary or symbolic chronology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'Emperor of Thebes' is unclear; it may be a legendary figure or a corruption of a historical title.","The phrase 'concerning his head, which he presented to the governor' is ambiguous: it may refer to a literal martyrdom or a symbolic act."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “bishop”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ → “God”. Sahidic ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ is the ordinary word for 'god'. With the definite article (ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) in Christian texts it names God; without it, a god or the divine."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","text":"ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ carries more than one sense (god, deity); this passage takes it as “God”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ → “people”. Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (laity); this passage takes it as “people”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲕⲁⲛ ⲁⲓ̈ⲣ̄ ϩⲛ̄\nⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛ̄ⲟⲩϥ • ⲕⲁⲛ ⲁⲓ̈ⲣ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϫⲓ̈ⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ̄ • ⲏ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲓ̈ ⲉ ⲃⲓⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ • Ⲧⲣ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ϫⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ\nⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲡ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ\nⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲙⲉϥⲗⲟ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲩⲟ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟⲓ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲡⲩⲝⲓⲟⲛ • ϣⲁⲛ ϯⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲏⲑⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • Ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϭⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄\nⲡⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲱ̄ ⲉⲓⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲉ\nⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲗϭ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦ Ⲕⲁⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩϭⲗ̄ⲡ\nⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲣ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ̄ ⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ\nϣⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲇⲩⲛⲁⲙⲓⲥ | ⲉⲧ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧⲥ̄ : ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲅ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄ ϩⲓ̈ ⲥⲛⲟϥ ϩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ\nⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲙⲁⲩⲁⲁϥ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈\nϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲑⲩⲥ . . . ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉⲩⲥⲏϩ ⲛⲁⲛ Ⲥⲉϫⲱ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϣϣⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩⲟϥ ϩⲛ̄\nⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϩⲱⲃ • Ⲉⲓⲉ ⲛⲓ̄ⲙ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲛⲁϫⲡⲓⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲉ : Ϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ\nϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ϫⲓϩⲣⲁϥ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣ̄ⲱⲙⲉ\nⲛⲁϫⲟⲟϥ • ϥⲛⲁϯ ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲃⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ\nϫⲓ̈ ϩⲟ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ • Ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲓ̈ ⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ ⲛⲁϯ ϩⲏⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ •","english":"Behold, for you see me today. Whether I have done good, whether I have done violence or evil, behold, they have been sent after me to the house of your city by the impious river, to bear witness for you that from my youth, many times the angel of the Lord appeared to me while I was tending my father's sheep, and he did not cease to instruct me in my duty until I had apostatized all his writings. Behold, then, now by the command of the good God, I have come to know now that my blood will be poured out upon the holy name of my Lord Jesus Christ. Even as they have revealed this to me, yet I fear for the path I will take to God within, and the powers that stand within, because I am flesh and blood like everyone, and there is no sin except against God alone. And the laws that they have given us within the church, written for us, say that it is fitting for the bishop not to involve himself in any matter. Who then now will God condemn for his sins? For it is said that for every single word a man speaks, he will give account for them before the tribunal of the face of God the Almighty, the place where there is no name or form that can help.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The angel of the Lord (ⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ) appears to Psote while he tends sheep, echoing biblical theophanies (e.g., Exod 3:2). The glossary fixes 'angel' for this term in this corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ (Greek ἀγαθός) is a fixed epithet for God here, rendered 'the good God'. It is not a separate glossary entry but a qualifier of ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The warning that every word will be accounted for before God's tribunal echoes Matt 12:36 and patristic commonplaces on accountability. No direct citation is marked in the Coptic.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'impious river' (ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ) likely refers to the Nile under pagan or heretical control, a topos in Coptic martyr acts. The phrase is not a proper name but a moralizing epithet.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁⲛ ϯⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲏⲑⲓⲍⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The verb ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲏⲑⲓⲍⲉ (from Greek ἀποστοιχίζω) is rare; the draft renders 'apostatized' but the sense may be 'I had memorized' or 'I had recited back'. The Coptic is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ('behold') marks three rhetorical divisions: the present situation, the angelic past, and the coming martyrdom. It structures the passage as a dramatic self-disclosure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲏⲑⲓⲍⲉ: may mean 'I had recited back' (from memory) rather than 'I had apostatized'; the latter is the draft's reading but the context of angelic instruction favors memorization.","ⲛⲉⲑⲩⲥ: the text breaks off after ⲛⲉⲑⲩⲥ (likely 'the customs' or 'the laws'), and the following phrase is lacunose; the draft supplies 'within the church' but the Coptic is fragmentary."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ → “church”. The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ → “Lord”. Renders Yahweh in the Sahidic Bible and names Christ in homilies; 'master' is the everyday social sense and the right one in a parable about slaves."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","text":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ carries more than one sense (master, owner); this passage takes it as “Lord”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ\nⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉϥϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ :-Ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲥⲟⲩⲛ̄\nⲧⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲉϭ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ : Ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉϩⲓ̈ⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲟⲥⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ :-|ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥϭⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ\nⲧⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲡ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟⲥ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̄ⲥⲧⲏⲥ :\nⲕⲁⲓ ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲁ ϯⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ ϯϭⲟⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄\nⲟⲣⲉⲃⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲃⲓ̈ ϩⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲙ ϩⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲙ • Ⲡⲁⲓ\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϣ︦ⲣ︦ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲩϥ ⲏ̄\nⲡⲉϥⲣⲱⲕϩ̄ • Ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ •","english":"But each one will receive according to his deeds. O my children, know that repentance is the door that you have opened for yourselves, that you may walk according to its deeds. For the paths that go to God are difficult, and they are rough, and the gate is narrow, for the Lord takes his chosen ones to the gate, according to the saying of the stone of truth, Matthew the Evangelist. And especially the great fear, the terror, and the great flame of the fire that burns here and there, this one which no one can loosen from its heat or its burning. For whether righteous or sinner,","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (God) is the Sahidic definite form of ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ, used here for the Christian God. The phrase 'paths that go to God' echoes ascetic imagery of the difficult journey to the divine.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) renders Yahweh in biblical citations and names Christ in homilies. Here it likely refers to Christ as the one who selects the chosen at the gate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̄ⲥⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the saying of the stone of truth, Matthew the Evangelist' is obscure; it may refer to a logion attributed to Matthew, but no known canonical verse matches. Possibly a corruption or apocryphal reference.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲡⲩⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The 'narrow gate' (ⲧⲡⲩⲗⲏ) and the 'great flame of fire' evoke imagery of judgment and the afterlife, common in Coptic homilies on repentance and eschatology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is an address (ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ 'O my children') that shifts from a general principle of reward according to deeds to a vivid description of the difficult path to God and the terrors of judgment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ (stone of truth) is an unusual phrase; it may be a scribal error or a rare epithet. The intended meaning is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'stone of truth, Matthew the Evangelist' is unclear; it may be a corruption of a known saying or a reference to a lost text.","The Coptic ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉϥϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ is rendered as 'each one will receive according to his deeds', but the verb ϫⲓ could also imply 'take' or 'bear'.","The reading of ⲧⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ̈ⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲉϭ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ is ambiguous: 'repentance is the door that you have opened for yourselves' or 'repentance is the door, you have opened it for yourselves'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲱⲗⲕ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲉⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲡⲱϩ ⲉ̄ ⲡⲃⲏⲙⲁ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ϩⲟⲧⲉ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲃⲏⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲙⲉϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲧⲱⲧ ϩⲓ ⲛⲉϩϣⲗ̄ϩϥ̄ • Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲃⲏⲙⲁ ⲛ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲃⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ̄ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϩⲓⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ⲡⲁⲧ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ⲁⲓ̈ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲱ ⲉⲓⲕⲏ ⲕⲁ ϩⲏⲩ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲛ ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲓϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁ ϩⲟⲣⲁⲧⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲡ|ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ (sic) ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄\nⲛⲁϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲁⲧ\nϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ⲛⲁϭⲱⲛⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲱ̄ ⲡϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ\nⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲕⲓⲙ : Ⲱ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁ : ϫⲉ\nⲭⲣⲏⲥϯⲁⲛⲟⲥ • ⲏ̄ ϫⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛϥ̄ⲛⲁϯ ϩⲏⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ\nⲁⲛ • Ⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ : Ⲁⲣⲁ ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ • Ⲙⲏ ⲣⲱ\nⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲙ̄ ϭⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉ ϫⲟⲟϥ : ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉⲧ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • Ⲁ̄ⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲣⲛⲏⲥⲓⲥ\nⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲁϩⲧⲏϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ • Ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣ ⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲣⲛⲁ ϩⲁ\nⲛⲉⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲓⲁ • ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲓ ⲃⲏⲙⲁ\nⲉⲧ ϩⲁ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ ⲉⲩⲉⲗⲉⲭⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲧⲓⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ :-ϫⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈\nⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲟⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ ⲁⲓⲁϩⲉ\nⲣⲁⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ • Ⲱ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ •","english":"They will be cast into the fire that cannot be extinguished, before the tribunal that is beneath terror. O this tribunal that is filled with trembling and with swords! O this tribunal of terror, before which every person stands in fear and trembling and shame and confusion and a rushing together without restraint. Woe to me! O my children, that I should stand before it in vain, having abandoned [my duty], while my evil deeds stand before me in the form in which I did them, and I gaze after them. Woe to me at the time when my horatos of truth, the prokrites of the whole, will judge me. Woe to me at the time when the one who cannot be angered will be angered at me. He will not say to me, \"O old man of one [kind] with his skima; O name and schema, that you are a Christian, or that you are a bishop.\" He will not take heed of me at all. Behold, our sins stand before us, each one in the manner in which we did them. Then what shall we say? Shall we not be silent, since we cannot find a word to say on that day at all? Then will there be any denial possible before him? Not at all. What shall we do? We will deny our impieties. The angels stand before the tribunal that is beneath terror with us, and they will accuse us through our angel, like an advocate, saying, \"This sin, this one that you committed, of what day? And in what manner did I stand before you?\" O woe to every person whose angel [does this]!","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is a loan from Greek ἐπίσκοπος, rendered 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. The speaker imagines that at judgment, the title 'bishop' will not exempt one from scrutiny.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (Greek ἄγγελος) is rendered 'angel' per the pinned glossary. Here angels act as accusers (ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲇⲓⲕⲟⲥ) at the tribunal, a role that echoes late antique forensic imagery.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The tribunal (ⲃⲏⲙⲁ) described with 'terror' and 'swords' reflects the Roman judicial bema, a raised platform where magistrates pronounced judgment. Coptic homilies often adapt this setting for eschatological scenes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the form in which I did them' echoes the idea that sins are preserved in their original shape for judgment, a motif found in apocryphal apocalypses (e.g., Apocalypse of Paul) but not a direct biblical citation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲡ|ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲡ|ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ is a scribal corruption or variant; the intended Greek is likely προκριτής (prokrites, 'judge' or 'examiner'). The text marks a line break after ⲡⲉⲡ, suggesting a copyist's error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is an address (as classified) marked by repeated exclamations 'Ⲱ̄' and 'Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈', a rhetorical device common in Coptic homilies to heighten emotional impact and direct the audience's attention to the judgment scene.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲉⲡ|ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲛⲱⲥⲧⲏⲥ is corrupt; the reading 'prokrites' is conjectural.","The identity of 'the one who cannot be angered' (ⲡⲓ̈ ⲁⲧ ϭⲱⲛⲧ̄) is ambiguous—likely God or Christ, but not specified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ⲛⲁϭⲗⲡ̄ ⲡⲉϥϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ ⲡⲃⲏⲙⲁ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ | ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲝⲓ̈ⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ : Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲟϣ : ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲛ̄ⲟⲩϥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ :\nⲀⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲉϥⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲉⲩⲟ ⲛ̄ϫⲁⲓ̈ⲉ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲭⲏⲣⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ : Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈\nⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲅⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲓ̈ⲡⲉ ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ\nⲛϥ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲉ ⲧⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ϭⲉⲉⲙⲉ ⲡϩⲁⲡ : ⲛϥ̄ϯⲥⲟ ⲉ ϣⲱⲱⲧ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉ : Ⲛ̄ ⲛϥ̄ⲟⲃϣ̄ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ : Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄","english":"will uncover his shame before the tribunal of Christ, before God and his angels and the ranks of the heavens. Woe to a bishop who does not teach his people well, his city, and his district, for they will certainly condemn him. And also if he neglects the churches of God, which are desolate, and the widows and orphans. Woe to a hegoumenos who will be ashamed before a rich man, who destroys justice, and who does not know the law, who gives a bribe to pervert the word of truth, who does not care for those he sees and those who are brought before him. Woe to","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἄγγελος; here in the plural with God, referring to the angelic host of the celestial court.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek λαός; in this context the congregation under a bishop's pastoral care, distinct from clergy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, names God in Christian usage; here the God before whom the tribunal sits.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Bishop; the passage condemns a bishop who neglects teaching, his city, and district, reflecting late antique ideals of episcopal duty.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ϩⲏⲅⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Hegoumenos, a monastic superior; the text warns against such a leader who is ashamed before a rich man and perverts justice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈","severity":"info","text":"The repeated 'Woe to' formula structures the passage as a series of condemnations of clerical and monastic failures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛϥ̄ϯⲥⲟ ⲉ ϣⲱⲱⲧ (line 8) is ambiguous: 'gives a bribe' or 'gives a gift to pervert'; the English draft takes the former.","The phrase ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ (line 9) could mean 'those who are brought before him' (legal context) or 'those who are led to him' (pastoral); the draft opts for the legal sense."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ⲟⲩⲕⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲁϭⲉⲉⲙⲉ ⲡϩⲁⲡ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲟ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲟ ⲛϥ̄ⲧϭⲁⲓⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲛⲧⲁϥ ⲉ ϯ: Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲉϥⲕⲏϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲁϩϥ̄\nⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲁ ϩⲱⲥ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̄ ⲣ̄\nⲕⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ : ⲏ ⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲉⲕⲣⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄\nⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓ̈ⲁ ⲡⲉ : Ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ ⲥⲁϩⲱⲟⲩ\nⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ | ⲡⲓ̈ ϩⲱⲃ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲁ ⲉ\nⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ϩⲁϩⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲉϥⲕⲏⲃ • ⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲁⲡⲉ ⲛ ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩⲉ̄ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ • ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧ ϯ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁ ⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ • ⲏ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁ • ⲏ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲉ ϩⲟⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉⲩϯ\nⲛⲟⲩϭⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉϥϯⲥⲟ ⲉ̄ ⲧⲙ̄ ⲛⲟϫⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄\nⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲏ : Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲱⲃϣ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲡⲓⲟ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛϥ̄ϯ\nⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲣ̄ ⲛⲟⲃⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ : ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲯⲩⲭⲏ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛϥ̄ϯ ⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ\nϩⲁ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ : Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲃⲏⲗ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓϫⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛ̄ⲕⲁ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ • ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲛ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲙⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲁ:\nⲞⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲡⲟⲣⲛⲉⲩⲉ ⲏ ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ • Ⲛ̄ ⲉⲩϭⲱϣⲧ̄ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲙⲟⲧ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲁⲧ ϣⲓⲡⲉ : ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲑⲩⲙⲓ̈ⲁ\nⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ | ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲩϭⲓϫ ⲟ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ϣⲉⲗⲉⲉⲧ •","english":"A judge who will pervert the judgment of a poor man because of a bribe, he will take the face of a rich man and oppress the poor man because he has nothing to give. Woe, woe to a layman who is idle, who will do no work for the church, as if he wishes to be a judge over it, or who will judge any of the orders of the church. Let the laymen be removed from this work. Do not bring any judgment upon yourselves before God. Woe, woe to one who is the head of a monastery, that is, the father of a monastery, who gives the works of God for money, or for other things, or who knows of some among the brothers who are giving the communion of God while he is silent and does not cast them out of the congregation. Woe to a presbyter who is negligent towards his people, who does not beget them, nor does he teach them the things that are the remedy for their souls. They will certainly condemn him for the souls of his people, and he will give an account for them. Woe to a deacon who is profane upon the altar, and who eats the things of the church, who does the works of God with negligence. Woe to a layman who fornicates or who does deeds with a transgressor. They look upon their forms with shamelessness, and those who cast their desires upon the earth, and those whose hands are open to receive bribes.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek λαϊκός, 'layman' or 'layperson'. In this context it designates a member of the laity as distinct from clergy, consistent with the glossary's rendering of ⲗⲁⲟⲥ as 'people' or 'laity'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek πρεσβύτερος, 'presbyter' or 'elder'. The glossary specifies 'presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue, as here in a list of ecclesiastical offices.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek διάκονος, 'deacon'. The glossary notes that 'servant' is reserved for New Testament citations; here the office is clearly meant.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ψυχή, 'soul'. The glossary allows 'life' where the sense is the living person, but here the context of teaching and remedy points to the soul that survives death.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a series of 'woe' (ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈) oracles directed at specific clerical and lay roles: judge, layman, head of a monastery, presbyter, deacon, and layman again. This repetitive structure is typical of monastic admonitions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to a 'father of a monastery' (ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓ̈ⲟⲛ) and the 'brothers' (ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲏⲩ) situates this text in a cenobitic monastic context, likely Upper Egyptian, where Apa Psote was active.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"},{"key":"dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Longinus and Apa Lucius","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-longinus-lucius-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉϥⲕⲏϥ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲓ̈ⲕⲟⲥ is rendered 'a layman who is idle', but ⲕⲏϥ may also mean 'bent' or 'stooped', possibly implying moral or physical debasement.","The clause ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲕⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'wishes to be a judge over it' (the church) or 'wishes to be a judge over them' (the orders).","The phrase ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲑⲩⲙⲓ̈ⲁ ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁϩ is rendered 'those who cast their desires upon the earth', but ⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ can also mean 'lust' or 'appetite', and the phrase may refer to sexual sin."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ → “presbyter”. Greek πρεσβύτερος. 'Presbyter' where the clerical order is at issue; 'elder' where the sense is seniority."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲉⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (priest, elder); this passage takes it as “presbyter”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲟⲥ → “deacon”. The office in liturgical texts; 'servant' only in citations of the New Testament."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲗⲟⲅⲟⲛ:Ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϯⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲱϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : Ⲛⲁⲓ̈\nⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲣⲱϥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲣⲅⲏ • Ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄\nⲕⲱϩ ⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲃⲉⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ̄ : Ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲁⲙⲉⲗⲏⲥ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲁⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲁⲙⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲉ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲉⲱⲛ ⲉⲧ ⲛⲏⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲛ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲣⲝ̄\nⲟⲩϭⲱⲃ ⲧⲉ • Ⲙⲛ̄ϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲓ̈ ϩⲁ ⲛⲥⲏϣⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ⲉⲧ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩ (sic) ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϩⲁⲡ ⲛ̄ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲛ ⲉ\nⲧⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ : Ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϯϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲩⲟ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ϫⲱⲛ • Ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲑⲁⲏ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ\nⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲏⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲉ ϩⲱⲱⲧ ⲟⲛ̄ ⲛⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ\nⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲓⲧⲧ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ | ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϩⲁ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲉⲕⲁⲁϥ\nⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲓ̈ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲛⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲓ ⲉ ⲧⲣⲁⲕⲁⲁϥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲓ̈ • ϯⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲱⲱⲧ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲁⲕϩ̄ ϩⲁ\nⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⲙ ⲙⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁ ⲥⲱⲣ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ :Ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ϯⲱ̄ⲣⲕ̄ ⲉ ⲣⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ ⲉ\nⲧⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲱ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ︦ⲣ︦ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲣ̄\nϩⲱⲃ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ\nⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲣ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ •","english":"and those who corrupt them, and the irrational animals. These are the ones who destroy the temple of God. These also are the ones whom God will destroy in his wrath and the fire of his anger. Do not, my children, be angry at these, lest God cast you out in shame. Do not be negligent concerning yourselves, for all the negligences of this world are punishments in the coming age. And we all know that the flesh is weak. The soul cannot bear the pains of the Lord which he will inflict in a just judgment because of our sins. If we persist in our sins, God will give us more labor in the torments which he will inflict. O my children, the end of each one comes to him even today. For I know that I will be brought before the governor and he will condemn me in the name of my Lord, that I have abandoned him. But it will not happen that I abandon him. I am prepared for my head to be cut off in the name of my true king and my savior Jesus Christ. Therefore I adjure you, O my beloved children, to continue to do my will according to the love of God, and to stretch out your hands to work for your own salvation, for the salvation of man is the law of God.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ here carries the sense of divine love, not the liturgical meal (agape). The phrase ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ('according to the love of God') aligns with the homiletic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"In the phrase ⲡⲁ ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ('my Lord'), the term refers to Christ, consistent with the homily's devotional register. The earlier reference to ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ in the context of 'pains' also points to Christ as judge.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'temple of God' (ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ) echoes 1 Corinthians 3:16–17, where the body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, but here it is applied to the church community, as in the preceding passage about laymen and church orders.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'governor' (ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ) reflects the Roman provincial administration in Egypt, where the governor (praeses) could try Christians. This legal threat is a topos in martyrdom narratives, as seen in the dossier of Apa Cyrus (dossier:coptic-cyrus-life).","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a third-person warning about sinners to a first-person declaration of readiness for martyrdom, then to a direct adjuration (ϯⲱ̄ⲣⲕ̄) of the audience. This rhetorical movement is typical of the 'address' class, with the speaker (Apa Psote) modeling the ideal response.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩ (sic)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲉ ϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩ (with sic) is likely a scribal error for ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩ ('he will inflict them'), as the context requires a future verb. The reading follows the English draft's 'he will inflict'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ⲧⲃ̄ⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲗⲟⲅⲟⲛ ('irrational animals') is ambiguous: it may refer to literal beasts or metaphorically to people without reason, as in the preceding passage about corrupt judges. The English draft takes the literal sense, but the homiletic context favors the metaphorical reading."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ → “love”. Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ carries more than one sense (charity, agape (the meal)); this passage takes it as “love”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲁ","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ → “Apa”. A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"Ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲟⲩϣⲃ︦ⲣ︦ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲉ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲓ̈ ⲉ̄ⲱⲛ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ : Ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁ ϭⲉ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩϫⲁϫⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ ⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ\nⲛⲏⲩ • Ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ϩⲱⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲧⲉⲫⲱⲛⲏ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉϥⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲙⲁ\nⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥϭⲟⲛⲧ̄ ⲉϥⲛⲟϭⲛⲉϭ • Ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲙⲉⲛ\nϫⲉ ⲛ̄ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡ ⲟⲩⲕⲁ\nⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ | ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ • Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ\nⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲣ̄ ϩⲁⲗ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲉⲧ ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ : Ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲣⲛⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲫⲁⲣⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲗⲃⲗ̄ ⲕⲱⲱⲥ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄\nⲣϥ̄ϭⲱⲣϭ̄ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲧ • ⲛⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲩϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ϣⲟⲟⲡ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ • ⲉⲩⲕⲱ ⲛ̄ ϩⲧⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲏ̄ ϫⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲕⲱ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲩⲑⲗⲓ̈ⲯⲓⲥ :Ⲱ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲑⲏⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ̄ ⲛⲁⲧ ⲥⲃⲱ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲏ̄ⲧⲟⲥ : Ⲁϫⲓⲥ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ̈ ϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ • ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ\nⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲉ̄ϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲩⲇⲟⲕⲓⲙⲁⲥⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙⲏ ⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲁϩ ϩⲓ̈ ⲕⲣ̄ⲙⲉⲥ\nⲛⲁϣⲃⲓⲧⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲏ ⲛϥ̄ⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ • Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣϥ︤ⲣ︥ϩⲁⲗⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲥ̄","english":"The one who will\nthe law, for he is a companion of God, whether in\nthis world or in the other. The one who will transgress\nthe law is an enemy of God in this world and the\none to come. You have heard, all of you, the voice of the gospel, in one place blessing, in another place\ncursing, and being angry and indignant. In one place,\n\"Blessed are the poor,\" which means they did not abandon\nthe law of God. Woe to those whom\nthe world has made slaves of them in vanity, that is,\nthe thieves and the murderers and the fornicators, and\nthe gluttons, and the magicians, and the sorcerers, and the\nseducers, and the kidnappers, and the\ndrunkards. Those whose hope is placed\nin the magician, setting their hearts on them, or\nthat they are the ones who give them stability in their distress.\nO senseless and untaught and foolish ones! Say\nto me, in what manner, if God wishes\nto bring a sickness upon a man as a test,\nand an instruction for him, is there a man of earth and clay\nwho will change it there? Or will he turn back the command of God\nto the contrary? But there is no one who can enslave or change it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ (magus) appears twice: once in a list of sinners (thieves, murderers, etc.) and once as an object of false hope. The glossary distinguishes the plural 'wise men' in Nativity contexts from the singular 'sorcerer' in apostolic narratives; here the singular fits the latter, denoting a practitioner of magic opposed to Christian law.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲕⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Blessed are the poor' echoes the Beatitudes (cf. Matt 5:3, Luke 6:20), but the Coptic interprets it as referring to those who did not abandon the law of God, a moralizing gloss typical of Coptic homiletics.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to 'the voice of the gospel' blessing in one place and cursing in another reflects the rhetorical practice of citing contradictory gospel passages to emphasize moral choice, a common homiletic technique in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general statement about law and enmity with God to a direct address ('You have heard, all of you'), then to a catalog of sinners, and finally to a rhetorical question challenging the efficacy of magic against divine will. This tripartite structure (doctrine, vice-list, refutation) is typical of Apa Psote's homilies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄","severity":"caution","text":"The opening phrase Ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ is incomplete in the Coptic; the English draft supplies 'The one who will' but the verb is missing. The sense likely requires a verb like 'keep' or 'observe' the law, as the following clause contrasts with 'transgress'. The lacuna affects the interpretation of the first sentence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage's condemnation of magicians and sorcerers aligns with the anti-magic polemic found in other Coptic hagiographies, such as the Life of Cyrus (dossier:coptic-cyrus-life) and the Life of Longinus and Lucius (dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life), suggesting a shared monastic concern with magical practices.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"},{"key":"dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Longinus and Apa Lucius","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-longinus-lucius-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The opening verb is missing; the English draft supplies 'will' but the Coptic ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ is incomplete, likely requiring a verb like 'keep' or 'observe'.","The phrase ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϫⲓ̈ⲟⲩⲉ (thieves) and ⲛ̄ⲣϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ̄ (murderers) are compound nouns whose exact referents are clear from context, but the list's order may reflect a standard vice catalog.","The identity of 'the one who will transgress the law' as an enemy of God is straightforward, but the relationship between the two 'worlds' (this and the other) is not further elaborated."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲩⲥⲱⲃⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ϫⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡⲉ‐|\nⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟϥ :-ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ\nⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲁⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • Ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲧⲉ ϭⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉ ⲣⲟⲓ ⲉⲓϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ • ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲥⲓ̈\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟ ⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲗϭ̄ • Ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲕⲉ ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲁⲡⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ • ⲛⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲕⲉⲙⲱⲛ\nϫⲓⲧⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉϥⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲥⲓⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲓ̈ⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲛϥ̄ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲧⲕⲱⲟⲩ • ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲓⲧ ⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϥⲓ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲁⲡⲉ • ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ\nⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ • ⲉϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ̄ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛⲟⲩⲏⲗ • ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲉϣⲁⲩⲟⲩⲁϩⲙϥ̄ ϫⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲛ :-Ⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓ̈ⲍⲉ ⲱ̄\nⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲓ̈ⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲛⲉϥⲉⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲉ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ϫⲉ\nⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉ ϫⲱⲓ̈ ⲛⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲧⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲁ ⲛ ⲁⲧ\nⲕⲱ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ • Ϥⲥⲏϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲧ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ : ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲡⲁ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ • | ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣ︦ⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ̄ • ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ\nⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲥⲃ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲥ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ • ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ\nⲛ̄ⲧ ⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓ̈ⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁⲑⲉⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲁϩⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲓ̈ ⲡⲥⲁ ⲃⲟⲗ\nⲉⲩⲟⲩⲉϣ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲣⲟⲕ •","english":"of the devil who drags a man backward, and they mock each one, each wanting to take them to the abyss, to the heart that is going downward into its depth, because of its disobedience. Behold now, then, you see me being in your midst today, I wish to drink your joy and your sweet face. O my children, you are also like the soldiers of the governor, who brought him before his command. And behold, the governor comes out from Sioout; he will go to the village. They will bring him before him, and they will take my head in that place, in the name of Emmanuel, which is interpreted as \"God is with us.\" Struggle, O my children, walk in the ways of the Lord and his commandments; do not abandon them at all, so that you do not bring upon yourselves a great judgment that has no forgiveness. For it is written, \"The disobedient child is in destruction,\" and destruction belongs to the devil and his demons. But the kingdom of heaven, which God has prepared for those who do his will, according to what he said in the Gospel according to Matthew: \"Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, wishing to see you.","structure":"address","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (with definite article) is the standard Sahidic term for God in Christian texts, as here in the phrase 'God is with us'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ (Lord) here refers to Christ, consistent with homiletic usage; the phrase 'ways of the Lord' echoes biblical language.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲙⲁⲑⲉⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The citation 'Gospel according to Matthew' introduces a quotation (cf. Matt 12:47 or similar), though the Coptic text breaks off before the full verse.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲓ̈ⲟⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"Sioout (ⲥⲓ̈ⲟⲟⲩⲧ) is the Coptic name for Lycopolis (modern Asyut), a major city in Upper Egypt and a center of early Egyptian monasticism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ (governor) reflects the Roman administrative title; the passage evokes a martyrdom scenario where the governor orders execution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general warning about the devil to a direct address ('O my children'), then to a narrative of impending martyrdom, and finally to an exhortation with a scriptural citation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡϩⲓ̈ⲧ ⲉⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ' (the heart that is going downward) is ambiguous: it may be a metaphorical description of the abyss or a separate image of moral descent.","The quotation from Matthew is incomplete; the exact verse is uncertain, though it likely refers to a scene of family members seeking entry."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"address to the congregation","text":"Classified as address to the congregation from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁ\nⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲁ ⲥⲟⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁ ⲥⲱⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲁⲁⲩ Ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲓ ϩⲉ ⲟⲛ\nϥⲛⲁⲡⲉⲉⲛⲉ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛϥ̄ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲕⲱ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁ ϫⲁϫⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲧ ⲟⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϥ :-Ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲣⲛⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲓ̈ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ\nⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲁⲣⲛⲁ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲱ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲙ̄ⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲟⲃϣϥ̄\nⲉ ⲡⲁ ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ ⲧⲙ̄ ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ • ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲟⲃϣⲧ̄\nⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲉϥϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ\nⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ :-Ϥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ϫⲓ","english":"He then said, \"The one who will do the will of my father who is in the heavens, this one is my brother and my sister and my mother. Likewise also, he will bring the word and speak it to those who will abandon the law and the prophets, saying, 'The one who will not do the will of my father who is in the heavens, this one is my enemy.' And just as he has hated me, I also will hate him. Just as he has denied me in this world, I also will deny him in the eternal age before the angels. And just as he has turned his face away from my law so as not to keep its mouth, I also will turn my face away from his mouth when it is in the darkness where there is no light within it. For it speaks from its mouth without receiving.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ (prophet) here refers to the Old Testament prophets, whose authority is set aside by the speaker's opponents.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (angel) is a Greek loanword; in this passage it denotes celestial beings before whom the speaker will deny his enemy, consistent with the corpus's usage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁ ⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲉⲧ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲏⲩⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the will of my father who is in the heavens' echoes Matthew 7:21 and the Lord's Prayer, framing the speaker's authority in a Christian idiom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of denying an enemy 'before the angels' reflects a judgment scene common in Coptic monastic literature, where angels witness eschatological verdicts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-longinus-lucius-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Longinus and Apa Lucius","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-longinus-lucius-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is built on a series of parallel conditional clauses: 'just as he has done X, I also will do Y,' creating a rhetorical pattern of reciprocal action.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲧ ϫⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The final phrase ⲁⲧ ϫⲓ ('without receiving') is ambiguous: it may mean the mouth speaks without receiving light, or without receiving the law; the English draft opts for 'without receiving' as a general privation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲧ ϫⲓ could be read as 'without receiving' (light, law, or grace); the draft takes it as a general privation.","The identity of the speaker (the 'he' in the opening) is not explicitly named in this passage; the previous context suggests it is the figure of the devil or a demonic voice."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ","text":"ⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ → “prophet”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ϭⲟⲗ • ϫⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ ⲙⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ | ϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲉⲡⲓ̈ⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ • ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲉϣ ⲡⲉϥⲁϩⲉ ⲛⲁϥ • ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ ϫⲉ ϣⲁ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲕⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ ϫⲉ ϣⲁ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲩⲱⲕ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ • ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉϩ\nⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲁ • ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ • ⲡⲉⲧ ϩⲟⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲛ\nⲧⲙⲉϩ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ: ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲛ̄ ⲕⲧⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲁϭⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉϣ ⲛ̄ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ ⲉⲓ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲉⲓ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ\nⲡⲇⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ̄ • ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛⲉⲧ\nϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄\nⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲓⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲛⲉϩ :-Ⲟⲩⲟⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛ\nⲛⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ • ϫⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ ⲙ̄ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲕⲏ ⲛ̄ⲁⲩ ⲉ̄ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ : ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲉ ⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ ⲁⲥⲉⲃⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲁⲩ\nⲛⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲧϭⲁⲓⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ\nϩⲁ ⲧⲉⲩϩⲏ : Ϥϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ • ϫⲉ\nⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲇⲓ̈ⲕⲉⲟⲥ | ⲛⲁⲣ̄ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ :-Ϣⲁϥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ̄ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓ̇ⲕⲟⲛ • ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣϥ̄ϩⲉⲧⲃ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲡⲉ :-Ⲉⲓ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ϩⲱⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲓ̈ⲙⲁ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲧ ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ\nⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲟϥ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲉ̄ⲧ ⲣ̄\nⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ϥⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲙⲓ̈ⲟϥ • ⲛⲉⲧⲉ̄ ⲥⲉⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲙⲉⲩⲣ̄ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ :-Ⲧϫⲱ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ̄\nⲙ̄ ⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲙⲉϣⲧ̄ ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲩⲛⲏⲇⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓ̈ⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲱⲧⲛ̄ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲓ̈ⲙ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ •","english":"Deceit. Do not love the world, nor those in the world, for the world will pass away with its desire. For it is like a man who has set his hour for himself; he was not told until what time he will die, nor was he told on which day the one beside him will die. This is the way of the world; no one knows the fullness of its completion, except the one who determines the fullness. God the Pantocrator, and no creature will remain for a moment to pass away, except God the Master of all, the Lord of all things that exist and will come to be. And blessed are those who will die in the Lord from now until eternity. But woe to those who will die in evil things, for there is no repentance laid out for them again. But sin and lawlessness and all kinds of impiety that they have done, these will receive their honor, and death will walk before them. For it is said in the Psalms, \"Death is what pursues them.\" And also, \"Those who hate the righteous will sin.\" He also says in the Catholic Epistles, \"He who hates his brother is a murderer.\" How great then is the judgment of him who hates God who created him. And any man who sins hates God who created him. Those who do not hate Christ do not sin. I speak to you the word of truth: if you despise your own synod, you are a man who sins.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"With the definite article, ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ names God, here modified by ⲡⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ (Pantocrator) and ⲡⲇⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲏⲥ (Master), emphasizing divine sovereignty.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ renders 'Lord' in a homiletic context, here applied to Christ or God as master of all creation, distinct from the social sense 'master'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Death is what pursues them' is cited from the Psalms, though not a direct quotation of a known verse; it may be a loose paraphrase of a wisdom motif.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓ̇ⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The citation 'He who hates his brother is a murderer' is attributed to the Catholic Epistles, likely echoing 1 John 3:15 or a similar passage on hatred as sin.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲩⲛⲏⲇⲩⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲩⲛⲏⲇⲩⲥⲓⲥ (synod) refers to the local monastic or ecclesiastical council; despising it is equated with sin, reflecting the work's communal authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϭⲟⲗ","severity":"caution","text":"The opening word ϭⲟⲗ ('deceit') stands alone as a heading or exclamation; its abruptness may indicate a textual break or a rhetorical device, but the Coptic is not corrupt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ϣⲁ ⲁϣ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ' is ambiguous: it could mean 'until what time' or 'until which hour'; the translation takes it as 'until what time'.","The identity of 'the one who determines the fullness' is ambiguous: it may refer to God alone or to a specific divine attribute; the text clarifies with 'God the Pantocrator'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • Ⲛ ⲁϣ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̄ ϩⲉ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲟⲗⲗⲁⲅⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ\nⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲛⲉϩ : ϯⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲁⲓ̈ ϩⲱ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲥⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲱ̄ ⲡⲥⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ ϩⲁⲡⲗⲟⲩⲥ :-Ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ\nⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓ̈ⲑⲁⲗⲡⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲁ ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲥⲱ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ • ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ\nⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲁⲁⲥ ⲛ̄ ϩⲩⲗⲏ","english":"Hate his own soul. In what way, then, does a man hate his own soul? But often someone says to me, \"No one hates his own soul at all.\" I know this also, but set the gnostic for me, O brother, simply. A man today who says, \"I care for my soul,\" he eats and drinks all his days. But when he dies, they take his soul and make it into matter.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (from Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, but here the phrase 'hate his own soul' may imply the person's own life or self, not the post-mortem soul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲟⲩⲥ is a Greek loanword (γνῶσις) meaning 'knowledge' or 'gnosis'. The speaker asks the brother to 'set the gnostic' — likely meaning to explain the matter in a knowledgeable or spiritual way.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲩⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ϩⲩⲗⲏ (Greek ὕλη) means 'matter' or 'material substance'. The claim that the soul is made into matter after death reflects a dualistic anthropology, possibly influenced by Gnostic or ascetic traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts care for the soul (eating and drinking) with its post-mortem fate as matter, echoing ascetic warnings against worldly indulgence. The phrase 'hate his own soul' may be a rhetorical paradox.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'hate his own soul' or 'hate his own self'. The English draft takes the literal reading, but the sense may be self-loathing or neglect of one's true spiritual life.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ could mean 'hate his own soul' or 'hate his own self' (with ⲯⲩⲭⲏ standing for the person). The rhetorical question 'In what way, then, does a man hate his own soul?' suggests a paradox, but the exact nuance is unclear.","The identity of the speaker and the 'brother' addressed is not given; the passage may be part of a dialogue or homily."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲛ̄ ⲡⲕⲱϩⲧ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϩⲣⲉ ⲙ ⲡⲃⲛ̄ⲧ ⲉ ⲧⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥ|ⲁⲁⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲉϥϩⲙ̄ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ • Ϥ̄ϫⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ\nϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ⲁⲑⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ϯⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲁ ⲯⲩⲭⲏ • ⲉϥⲙⲉ\nⲛ ⲣ̄ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̄ⲙⲏⲛⲉ :-Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥ̄ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ̄ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲧ\nⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲏⲛⲉ • ⲥⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ̈\nⲉ̄ⲙⲉⲩⲣ̄ ⲁⲥ : ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲣⲏⲥⲥⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϩⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲙ̄\nⲡⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲉ : ⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ ⲛⲉⲛⲛ̄ⲟⲃⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲟⲩⲁ :\nⲉⲡⲓ̈ ⲇⲏ ⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ\nⲟⲩϣⲟⲃⲉ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲧⲁⲓ̈ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϣ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩϣⲟⲃⲉ ⲉ̄ ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ • ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲃⲉ\nϩⲟ ⲉ ⲧϩⲓ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲇⲓ̈ⲙⲱⲣⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲛ̄ⲇⲉⲕⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩϩⲓϫⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ • ⲉⲩⲧⲟ ⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ ⲁⲧ ⲛⲁ ⲙⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛ̄ ⲟⲣⲅⲏ • Ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ\nⲛⲓⲙ • ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉϥϯ ⲕⲟⲧⲥ̄ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲗ̄ϩⲡⲙ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ\nⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲓ̈ • Ⲉϥⲕⲱⲧⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲛⲉϥⲡⲁϣ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ϩⲛ̄\nϩⲁϩ ⲛ̄ⲥⲙⲟⲧ • ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲱⲙⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ: Ⲁⲩⲱ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲛϩⲁϭⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲉ ϩⲟⲩⲛ | ⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ⲉϥϫⲟ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲁⲕⲓ̈ⲁ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥϭⲉⲡⲏ ⲉ̄ϫⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ̄ⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲕⲟⲩⲓ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲁⲧϣⲓⲡⲉ • Ϥⲛⲏⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣϥ̄ⲟⲩⲱϩⲙ̄ ϩⲁ ⲡϩⲟ\nⲛ̄ ⲛ̄ⲛⲟϭ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ : Ⲙⲛ︦ⲛ︦ⲥⲱⲥ ϥⲛⲏⲩ ϩⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ\nⲛ̄ⲃⲁⲗ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲕⲱϩ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲧ • Ϥⲛⲏⲩ ⲟⲛ ϩⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϫⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︤ⲧ︥ϫⲁⲥⲓ̈ϩⲏⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϥϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲗⲁⲙⲁϩⲧ̄ •","english":"of the fire. And the heart is bound to the sins he has committed at the time he is in the world. For he himself says in his ignorance, \"I love my soul.\" He loves to commit sins continually. And he does not know that the things he does continually are written in writings that are not erased, nor are they dissolved, but they are spiritual writings. They write our sins one by one. For sin is sin, and they are related to each other. This is the way the punishments are, and they are related to each other. Without the faces of the roads and the merciless tormentors, and the judges who have no form, they are upon the punishments. They are given to each one in a merciless manner and with great anger. Consider that the father of every sin walks giving his form, and he changes like the wolves. He turns in his snares, and he comes in many forms. He wishes to swallow our souls. And the hooks of death are in his hand, coming into the heart of man. He fills it with the passion of evil, and he falls upon man in his smallness without shame. He comes in a form of a serpent under the face of the great ones. After that, he comes with an eye's desire and a heart's envy. He also comes with a solitary form and with pride, and with a vain glory, and with a mixture, and with a form of a madman.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ψυχή appears twice in this passage. The first occurrence (ϯⲙⲉ ⲛ ⲧⲁ ⲯⲩⲭⲏ) carries the sense of the living person, consistent with the pinned gloss 'life'; the second (ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ) refers to the soul as the object of demonic attack.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The description of sins recorded in 'spiritual writings' (ϩⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲛ︦ⲓ︦ⲕⲟⲛ) that are neither erased nor dissolved reflects a common trope in Coptic monastic literature: a heavenly ledger of deeds that persists for judgment.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general statement about sin and punishment to a personified description of the devil as 'the father of every sin' (ⲡⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲣϥ︦ⲣ︦ ⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ), who appears in multiple forms to ensnare the soul. This marks a rhetorical intensification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The image of the devil changing forms like wolves and coming as a serpent under the face of the great ones echoes themes in the Life of Apa Cyrus, where demonic deception is described through shape-shifting and hidden malice.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-cyrus-life","label":"gap dossier: Life of Apa Cyrus","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-cyrus-life"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲃⲉ ϩⲟ ⲉ ⲧϩⲓ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲃⲉ ϩⲟ ⲉ ⲧϩⲓ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ is obscure; the English draft renders it 'Without the faces of the roads,' but the Coptic may be corrupt or elliptical. The sense of 'faces' (ϩⲟ) as 'surfaces' or 'appearances' is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̄ϣⲁⲃⲉ ϩⲟ ⲉ ⲧϩⲓ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ is ambiguous; the reading 'without the faces of the roads' is tentative.","The identity of the 'judges who have no form' (ⲛ̄ⲇⲉⲕⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ) is not specified; they may be angelic or demonic figures in the afterlife judgment."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣϥ̄ⲃⲗ̄ⲓⲏⲥⲧⲓ̈ⲁ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ : ⲙ[ⲛ̄] ⲙⲁⲓ (?) ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲓⲥ • ⲛⲟⲩⲁϩⲓⲏⲧ ϩⲛ̄\nⲟⲩⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ :\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ • ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥϣⲟⲣⲡ̄\nⲉⲛϩⲩⲗⲏⲕⲓⲁ : ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲥⲛ̄ⲧⲉ : Ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲓ\nⲉ ⲧⲙⲉϩ ϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲩⲗⲏⲕⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ ⲧⲉ :\nϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲉ̄ ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓⲁ • ⲙⲛ̄\nⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲕⲟⲩⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ϩⲏⲧ • ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ⲣϥ̄ⲱⲣⲕ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲛⲟⲩϫ • ϩⲙ̄\nⲡⲧⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲕⲁ ϭⲟⲙ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϥ̄ⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲧⲙⲛ︦ⲧ︦ϩⲗ̄ⲗⲟ ⲧⲉ : Ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϥⲧⲣϥ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉϥϩⲟⲕⲣ̄ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉϩⲕⲟ","english":"with a lack of righteousness, and with a love of the assembly, and a heart set on fornication, and with drunkenness, and with sorcery. All these things happen to a person in his first material age, and in his second. But when he comes to the third material age, which is old age, then the devil adds to him slander, and smallness of heart, and false swearing, when his body loses strength, and he does not know that it is old age. And he makes him become hungry and thirsty.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The devil is here the agent who adds vices in old age, consistent with the hagiographic role of the personified adversary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Magus here denotes sorcery, a vice listed among sins, not the Nativity visitors; the singular form fits the ascetic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Body here refers to the physical body losing strength in old age, the site of ascetic struggle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ϩⲩⲗⲏⲕⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The three material ages (first, second, third) reflect a Hellenistic or patristic schema of life stages, not a biblical division.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage lists vices in two phases: active sins in youth (first and second ages) and added vices in old age, forming a moral progression.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲓ (?) ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲓⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲁⲓ (?) ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲓⲥ is uncertain; the English renders 'love of the assembly,' but the reading may be corrupt or ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲁⲓ (?) ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲓⲥ is uncertain; the English takes it as 'love of the assembly,' but the Coptic may be corrupt or require emendation.","The three material ages (ϩⲩⲗⲏⲕⲓⲁ) are not explicitly defined; the third is identified as old age, but the first two are left vague."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ → “magus”. In the Nativity narratives the plural names the visitors from the east; elsewhere the singular is a sorcerer, often an antagonist of an apostle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","text":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (sorcerer, astrologer); this passage takes it as “magus”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲓ̈ⲃⲉ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ ⲛⲓ̈ⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲣ : Ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲕⲟⲟⲩⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟ|ⲗⲟⲥ ⲁⲁⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϩⲛ̄ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ϣⲟⲙⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲩⲗⲩⲕⲓⲁ : ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲧϥ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ\nⲛⲁⲡⲓ̈ⲣⲁⲍⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟϥ • ⲛϥ̄ϫⲣⲟ ⲉ ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲧⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓ̈ⲁ :\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲉⲕⲉ ϩⲁϩⲧⲙ̄ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲥⲱⲙⲁ :-Ⲱ̄ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ •\nⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲣ • ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁ ⲡⲣⲏ ⲁⲣⲭⲓ̈\nⲛ̄ ϣⲁ • Ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ ⲧⲁⲗⲟ ⲉ ϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲛ̄ ⲧⲉⲡⲣⲟⲥⲫⲟⲣⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲃⲓ̈ⲧ\nⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲧ ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ̄ • ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ϣⲁϫⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ̈ ⲙ̄ ⲡϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛ̄ⲃⲓⲧϥ̄ ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲃⲱⲕ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ϣⲁ • Ⲛ ⲧⲉⲣ ϥ̄ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲇⲉ ⲛϭⲓ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲯⲟⲧⲉ : ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ ϣⲟⲙⲧ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲉ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ\nⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄ ⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ • Ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲉ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ •\nⲁϥϯ ϯⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛⲁⲩ • ⲁϥⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲩⲏⲓ̈\nⲉⲩϯ ⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲉⲓ̈ⲥ ⲓⲥ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄ : Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉ ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ\nⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ̄ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉϥⲓ̈ⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲡⲛⲁ̄\nⲉⲧ ⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̄ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ϩⲁⲙⲏⲛ •","english":"with the blindness of the manner of the beasts. These and the others, the devil does to a person in his third material age. But blessed is the person whom the devil will tempt, and he overcomes him through repentance, because his reward is great before God on the day of his coming out of the body. O my beloved children, you see that the light has set, and the sun has begun to set. Let us offer up the holy offering, for the time has come for us to receive from the holy mysteries, the body and blood of Christ, which are without deceit, from your hands. For behold, the velitarius of the king speaks with the soldiers of the governor, saying, \"Let us take him and go, for the light has set.\" When the blessed Apa Psote, the bishop, said these things, he sealed the people three times in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. And he gathered them together, gave them peace, dismissed them, and they went to their houses, glorifying their Lord Jesus Christ. Glory to him and to his good Father and the Holy Spirit, forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"doxology","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ (velitarius) is a Latin loanword (veles, velitis) for a light-armed soldier or scout. In this hagiographic context, it likely refers to a messenger or guard of the king, not a standard Roman military rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲣⲏ (the sun) is a Sahidic Coptic word for 'sun', here used in a temporal metaphor for the end of the day, which in the narrative signals the time for the Eucharist and the impending martyrdom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲙ̄ ⲡⲉⲭⲥ̄","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the body and blood of Christ' directly echoes the institution of the Eucharist in the New Testament (Matthew 26:26–28; Mark 14:22–24; Luke 22:19–20; 1 Corinthians 11:23–25).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is the doxological conclusion of the homily, marked by the trinitarian sealing, dismissal of the congregation, and a final doxology with 'amen'. It follows the pattern of a liturgical closing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ ⲯⲟⲧⲉ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Psote (Psote) is a Coptic bishop and martyr; his life is preserved in multiple manuscripts. The doxology here reflects the liturgical use of his story, possibly read on his feast day.","cites":[{"key":"ed:budge-misc.apa-psote","label":"source edition: Apa Psote","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Budge%20Miscellaneous%20OCR%20Output/Budge_Misc_ApocPaul/Apoc%20Paul%20Input/Apa%20Psote%20Results/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":["Budge 1915"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The term ⲡⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ is a hapax in this corpus; its exact meaning is uncertain. The translation 'velitarius' is a guess based on Latin etymology; it may be a scribal error or a rare loanword.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'king' and 'governor' in the velitarius episode is unclear; they may be Roman officials in the martyrdom narrative.","The phrase 'ⲡⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ' is ambiguous; it may be a corruption or a specific military title."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"doxology","text":"Classified as doxology from the Coptic cues."}]}]}