{"slug":"basdi","id":"georgian:titus:basdi","title":"Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","author":"Greg.Naz.","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:15Z","cost_usd":0.002063},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:basdi","work_id":"basdi","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Gregorius Nazianzenus, Vita Basili Magni. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":544,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":17,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":6,"work_notes":4,"external_links":1,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"basdi","abstract":"The Old Georgian version of Gregory of Nazianzus’ Vita Basili Magni is a hagiographic encomium celebrating the life and virtues of Basil the Great, composed shortly after Basil’s death in 379. The Georgian translation survives in a single manuscript (Titus ed. basdi) and likely dates to the early medieval period, possibly the 9th–10th centuries. It was used in Georgian monastic circles as a model of ascetic virtue and may have been read on Basil’s feast day (1 January), though direct liturgical evidence is lacking. The text’s textual history is obscure, with no known earlier Georgian witnesses, and the Titus edition provides no critical apparatus or collation with the Greek original, leaving variants and translation fidelity unassessed.","historical_context":"The original Greek Vita was composed by Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329–390), a close friend of Basil the Great and a key figure in Cappadocian theology, shortly after Basil’s death in 379. The work is an encomium that employs classical rhetorical devices, such as the modesty topos and the comparison of praise to a painter’s model, to present Basil’s life as an exemplary model of virtue. The Old Georgian translation belongs to the early medieval period, likely the 9th–10th centuries, when Georgian monastic communities actively translated Greek patristic and hagiographic texts. The translation’s provenance is uncertain, but it was used in Georgian monastic circles as a model of ascetic virtue. The single manuscript witness (Titus ed. basdi) lacks a critical apparatus, and the translation’s fidelity to the Greek original, as well as its textual history, remains unassessed. The work may have been read on Basil’s feast day (1 January), though direct liturgical evidence is lacking.","significance":"This Old Georgian version of Gregory’s Vita Basili Magni is a key witness to the early medieval reception of Greek patristic hagiography in the Georgian monastic tradition. It reflects the transmission of Cappadocian theological and ascetic ideals into Georgian Christianity and provides insight into the liturgical and devotional practices of Georgian monastic communities. The text’s survival in a single manuscript underscores the importance of careful textual study to understand its place in the broader corpus of Georgian hagiography.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 329–390","event":"Life of Gregory of Nazianzus, author of the original Greek Vita Basili Magni."},{"date":"379","event":"Death of Basil the Great; Gregory composes the encomium shortly after."},{"date":"9th–10th c.","event":"Probable date of the Old Georgian translation of the Vita."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Single manuscript witness (Titus ed. basdi) copied; no earlier Georgian witnesses known."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Titus edition published without critical apparatus or collation with the Greek original."}],"relations":[{"work":"Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni (Greek original)","relation":"source text for the Old Georgian translation","key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"},{"work":"Basil the Great, Asceticon","relation":"Basil’s own ascetic writings inform the hagiographic portrait","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 43 (Funeral Oration for Basil)","relation":"another encomium by Gregory on Basil, possibly related","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Old Georgian translations of Greek patristic hagiography","relation":"part of the broader corpus of Georgian monastic translations","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian liturgical books (e.g., Synaxarion)","relation":"possible liturgical use on Basil’s feast day (1 January)","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"Titus edition of the Old Georgian Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm","reason":"Primary source for the Old Georgian version"}],"cautions":["The date of the Old Georgian translation is uncertain; it is likely 9th–10th centuries but not firmly established.","The single manuscript witness (Titus ed. basdi) has no known earlier Georgian witnesses, and its textual history is obscure.","The Titus edition lacks a critical apparatus or collation with the Greek original, so variants, scribal errors, and translation fidelity remain unassessed.","Direct liturgical evidence for reading on Basil’s feast day (1 January) is lacking."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000543,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:21:49Z"},"checks":{"work":"basdi","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":17,"english_words":544,"source_letters":2434,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian version of Gregory of Nazianzus’ Vita Basili Magni survives in a single manuscript (Titus ed. basdi). Its textual history is obscure, with no known earlier Georgian witnesses.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The original Greek Vita was composed shortly after Basil’s death in 379. The Georgian translation is undated but likely belongs to the early medieval period, possibly 9th–10th centuries.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This Vita was used in Georgian monastic circles as a model of ascetic virtue. It may have been read on Basil’s feast day (1 January), though direct liturgical evidence is lacking.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Titus edition provides no critical apparatus or collation with the Greek original. Variants, scribal errors, and the translation’s fidelity to Gregory’s text remain unassessed.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Gregorius Nazianzenus, Vita Basili Magni. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:basdi":{"label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ცხორებაჲ და შესხმაჲ წმიდისა და ღმერთშემოსილისა მამისა ჩუენისა დიდისა ბასილისი, კესარია-კაბადუკიელ მთავარეპოსპოპოსისაჲ, რომელი აღწერა წმიდამან და ნეტარმან მამამან ჩუენმან გრიგოლი ღმრთისმეტყუელმან გუაკურთხენ, უფალო!\n\n1. ფრიად მაიძულებდა მე დიდი და ღმერთშემოსილი ბასილი აღწერად სიტყუათა სწავლისათა და შესხმად ღუაწლსა და ცხორებასა წმიდათასა, ვიდრე ჩუენ თანა იყო. რამეთუ უყუარდეს მას სიტყუანი ჩემნი, რომელ არა ვინ ესრეთ შეიყუარებს თავისაცა თჳსისა სიტყუათა და ვითარ ვჰგონებ. რომელი-იგი მათთჳს მაიძულებდა თქუმად განგებულებითა ღმრთისაჲთა. თჳთცა სადმე წინამდებარე იყო დადებად აწ თავისა თჳსისა წინაშე ჩუენსა შესასხმელად და აღწერად დიდებულებათა მისთა, რომელნი-იგი უზეშთაეს არიან კაცთა ბუნებისა და მოუძლურდების ყოველი ენაჲ ღირსებით თქუმად რამეთუ მე ესრეთ ვიტყჳ, რაჲთა ყოველმანვე კაცმან სწავლულმან სიბრძნითა ფრიადითა და ძლიერმან სიტყჳთა უკუეთუ ინებოს ჴელოვნებისა თჳსისა გამოცდად და ძალსა სიტყუათა თჳსთასა. ამისსა შესხმასა ოდენ თანაწარჰჴედინ. რამეთუ უზეშთაეს არს კაცობრივისა სიტყჳსა და სხუათა საქმეთა შინა, რომელიცა უზეშთაესი სახჱ პოოს. დაიდევინ იგი წინაშე თჳსსა, ვითარცა მხატვარნი -- მაგალითსა და მისა მიმართ გამოაჩინენ ჴელოვნებაჲ თჳსი და ძალი.","english":"The Life and Encomium of our Holy and God-clad Father the Great Basil, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, which was written by our holy and blessed father Gregory the Theologian. Bless, O Lord!\n\n1. The great and God-clad Basil strongly urged me to write words of teaching and to compose an encomium of the struggles and life of the saints, while he was still with us. For he loved my words more than anyone loves his own words, as I suppose. And he urged me to speak concerning them by the divine dispensation. He himself was sometimes beforehand in setting himself before us for our encomium and in describing his own excellences, which are above human nature, and every tongue is too weak to speak of them worthily. For I say this so that every learned man, with great wisdom and powerful speech, if he wishes to test his own art and the power of his own words, may only equal this encomium. For it is above human speech and other deeds, which are the highest form. Let him set it before himself, as painters do a model, and display his own art and power in relation to it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ღმერთშემოსილი","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'God-clad' (ღმერთშემოსილი) is a standard hagiographic term in Georgian, emphasizing Basil's sanctity and divine protection.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"1.","severity":"info","text":"This opening section establishes the rhetorical situation: Gregory claims Basil urged him to write, a common topos in encomiastic literature to justify the work.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Gregory the Theologian","severity":"info","text":"Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329–390) was a close friend of Basil the Great and a key figure in Cappadocian theology; his encomium on Basil is a foundational hagiographic text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"as painters do a model","severity":"info","text":"The comparison of the encomium to a painter's model is a classical rhetorical device, also found in Gregory's other works, emphasizing the exemplary nature of Basil's life.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"Georgian translation","severity":"info","text":"This Old Georgian version, preserved in the TITUS edition, reflects the early medieval reception of Greek patristic hagiography in the Georgian monastic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'while he was still with us' could refer to Basil's lifetime or to his presence in Gregory's community; the translation takes it as temporal.","The Georgian 'ჴელოვნებაჲ' (art) may imply rhetorical skill or divine craft; the reading here follows the encomiastic context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ესრეთ დიდ არს და უზეშთაეს სიტყჳსა ქებაჲ საკჳირველისა ამის კაცისაჲ არათუ ჩუენთჳს ოდენ, რომელთა-ესე ადრევე დამჳტეობიეს სიტყუათა მიმართ და გამოთქუმათა მოსწრაფებაჲ არამედ მათთჳსცა, რომელთა ყოველი საქმჱ ცხორებისა მათისაჲ სიტყუათა და შესხმათა ოდენ გამომეტყუელებაჲ არს. და ამას ზედა არს ღუაწლი მათი. რაჲთამცა ესევითართა საქმეთა ზედა დიდად გამოჩნდეს. ესრეთ აღვიარებ მე ამას საქმესა დიდად და მიუწდომელად. და ფრიადცა ჭეშმარიტსა აღვიარებ. გარნა უკუეთუ აწ არა ვიჴმარო ჴელოვნებაჲ სიტყუათაჲ მათ, რომელნი ოდესმე ვისწავლენ, არა უწყი, თუ სხუაჲ სადა ვიჴმარო იგი, ანუ თუ რაჲ მივანიჭო ესრეთ კეთილი საქმჱ, გინა თუ თავსა ჩემსა. გინა მოყუარეთა სათნოებისათაგ გინა თუ თჳთ მათვე სიტყუათა ჩემთა ჴელოვნებასა, ვითარ ქებაჲ ესე ამის დიდისა და მიუწდომელისა კაცისაჲ. რამეთუ ჩემდა იყოს საქმჱ ესე -- თანამდებისა აღსრულება ხოლო თანამდები კეთილთა კაცთაჲ. ვითარცა სხუაჲ ყოველივე მცნებაჲ თანამდებ არს, ეგრეთვე ჟამსა სიტყჳსასა სიტყუაჲ და მოყუარეთა მათ სათნოებისათა ერთად გულისთქუმისა მათისა აღსრულება იყოს შესხმაჲ ამისი. და მეორედ სახე სათნოებისა -- რამეთუ კაცსა რომელიცა-რაჲ უყუარნ და აქებნ, მისა მიმართცა მიისწრაფინ და ესრეთ არა ერთისა ვისთჳსმე ოდენ, არამედ ყოველთათჳს იყოს კეთილ საქმჱ ესე.","english":"So great and beyond the power of speech is the praise of this wondrous man, not only for us, who have long since been sluggish in words and lacking in readiness of utterance, but also for those whose entire life's work consists only in words and panegyrics. And upon this rests their struggle, that they might greatly distinguish themselves in such deeds. I acknowledge this task to be great and unattainable, and I truly acknowledge it to be exceedingly true. But if now I do not employ the skill of words which I once learned, I know not whether I should employ it elsewhere, or what I should assign to such a good work, whether to myself, or to the lovers of virtue, or to the very skill of my own words, as this praise of this great and unattainable man. For let this task be for me the fulfillment of a promise, and a promise of good men. Just as every other commandment is a promise, so at the time of speech, let speech and the fulfillment of the desire of the lovers of virtue together be the praise of him. And secondly, a form of virtue: for whatever a man loves and praises, he strives toward that, and thus this good work is not for the sake of one alone, but for all.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ესრეთ დიდ არს და უზეშთაეს სიტყჳსა ქებაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase asserts that praise of Basil exceeds the capacity of speech, a conventional modesty topos in hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"სიტყჳსა","severity":"info","text":"Georgian 'სიტყჳსა' (genitive of 'სიტყჳ') can mean 'word', 'speech', or 'reason'; here it denotes rhetorical skill or discourse.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"და მეორედ სახე სათნოებისა","severity":"info","text":"This phrase introduces a second reason for praising Basil: praise as a form of virtue that inspires imitation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"თანამდებისა","severity":"info","text":"The term 'თანამდებისა' (promise) reflects Gregory's claim that he is fulfilling a pledge to Basil, a common hagiographic motif of obligation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"Georgian translation","severity":"info","text":"This Georgian version, preserved in the titus corpus, attests to the early medieval reception of Gregory's Vita Basili in the East Christian world.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"არა უწყი, თუ სხუაჲ სადა ვიჴმარო იგი","severity":"caution","text":"The syntax is ambiguous: it may mean 'I do not know whether I should employ it elsewhere' or 'I do not know where else to employ it'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'არა უწყი, თუ სხუაჲ სადა ვიჴმარო იგი' is syntactically ambiguous between a locative and a conditional reading.","The referent of 'მათ' in 'მათთჳსცა' is unclear: it could refer to 'those whose life's work is words' or to the saints generally."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ხოლო ჴელოვნებასა მას სიტყუათასა ორკერძოვე კეთილი ეყოს და ძლევაჲ მიეცეს, რამეთუ უკუეთუ ჴელოვნებაჲ იგი სიტყუათა ჩემთაჲ შემძლებელ იქმნეს მახლობელ-ყოფად ჯეროვნად და ღირსებით ქებისა მისისა. თჳთცა გამოჩნდეს ძალი მისი და მიიღოს ძლევაჲ უკუეთუ კულა ფრიად შურს დარჩეს ჴელოვნებაჲ იგი გამომეტყუელებისაჲ ღირსად ქებისა მისისაგან, რომელი-იგი თჳნიერ ყოვლისა იჭჳსა ესეცა მიწევნად არს ყოველთა ზედა, რომელთა მისი შესხმაჲ ენებოს. და უკუეთუ ესე იქმნას ესრეთცა, ძლევაჲვე მიიღონ სიტყუათა მათ, რაჟამს გამოვაჩინო საქმით შეუძლებლობაჳ ღირსად ქებისა მისისაჲ, რომლისათჳს ვიტყოდე, ვითარმედ უზეშთაეს არს ძალსა სიტყუათასა შესხმაჲ მისი.","english":"Let skill in words be on both sides good, and let victory be granted; for if my skill in words should prove able to bring me near to what is fitting and worthy of his praise, then his power itself would be shown and would receive victory; but if far behind, envy-stricken, that skill of expression should fall short of what is worthy of his praise—which, apart from all envy, even this is attainable by all who wish to extol him—and if this should happen even so, then victory would still be theirs, the words, when I reveal by deed the impossibility of praising him worthily, concerning whom I would say that his praise is above the power of words.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ხოლո","severity":"info","text":"The passage continues the rhetorical topos of the inadequacy of the speaker, a common feature in hagiographic prefaces. The Georgian text presents a conditional argument about the skill of words and the impossibility of adequate praise.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ჴელოვნებაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian term 'ჴელოვნებაჲ' (xelovnebay) translates Greek 'τέχνη' (skill, art). Here it refers specifically to rhetorical skill, a key concept in Gregory's self-deprecating praise of Basil.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ძლევაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'ძლევაჲ' (dzlevay) means 'victory' and is used repeatedly in this passage to frame the rhetorical contest between the speaker's skill and the subject's worthiness.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"კულა ფრიად შურს","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'კულა ფრიად შურს' (kula friad šurs) literally 'envy-stricken far behind' reflects the classical rhetorical motif of φθόνος (envy) as an obstacle to praise, common in Greek encomiastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"თჳთცა","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'თჳთცა' (twitca) is ambiguous: it could mean 'itself' or 'by itself'. The English draft interprets it as 'his power itself', but the Georgian could also be read as 'by itself it would be shown'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage exemplifies the Georgian reception of Greek rhetorical conventions in hagiography. The translator adapts Gregory's complex conditional syntax into Georgian, preserving the rhetorical structure while using native vocabulary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:basdi","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Vita Basili Magni","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/hagiorit/basdidcx/basdi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'თჳთცა' could be read as 'itself' or 'by itself', affecting the interpretation of the subject of 'gamočndes' (be shown).","The clause 'რომელი-იგი თჳნიერ ყოვლისა იჭჳსა' is syntactically ambiguous: it may mean 'which, apart from all envy' or 'which, without any difficulty'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}