{"slug":"athag","id":"georgian:titus:athag","title":"Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:15Z","cost_usd":0.001566},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:athag","work_id":"athag","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Athos Offices for the Deceased. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/athaghap/athag.htm"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":356,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":11,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":2,"ambiguities":3,"work_notes":4,"external_links":1,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"athag","abstract":"The Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi) is an anonymous Old Georgian liturgical text preserved in manuscripts from the Iveron monastery on Mount Athos. It contains the order of service for commemorative meals (aghapebi) for the departed, including Vespers and Matins with specific hymns, prayers, and ektenias. The work reflects the fusion of early Christian agape traditions with Byzantine monastic practices, adapted in the Georgian rite. The text survives in the titus corpus without a critical apparatus, limiting assessment of its manuscript tradition. Its date is uncertain, but liturgical parallels suggest a 10th–11th century origin within the Georgian Athonite community.","historical_context":"The Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi) originates from the Georgian monastery of Iveron on Mount Athos, a center of Georgian monasticism founded in the late 10th century by John the Iberian (Ioane Iverieli) and his son Euthymius. The text is part of the aghapebi genre, which adapts the early Christian agape feast—a communal meal for the dead—into a structured liturgical office. The Georgian Athonite community, active from the 10th to 11th centuries, produced a rich corpus of liturgical and hagiographic works, often translating or adapting Byzantine models. The offices incorporate elements like the ektenia (kuer[e]ksi) and repeated Kyrie eleison (40 times), paralleling Byzantine monastic typika. The mention of 'December 15' may commemorate a founder or anniversary, but no colophon confirms a precise date. The text survives in Athos manuscripts, later integrated into broader Georgian liturgical books, influencing funeral practices in the Georgian Church. The titus edition lacks a critical apparatus, obscuring the manuscript stemma and scribal interventions.","significance":"The Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi) is significant as a witness to the inculturation of Byzantine monastic liturgy within the Georgian tradition at Iveron. It illustrates how early Christian agape feasts were formalized into a commemorative rite, influencing later Georgian funeral practices. The text also provides insight into the liturgical life of the Georgian Athonite community, a key center of medieval Georgian Christianity.","timeline":[{"date":"10th c.","event":"Foundation of the Iveron monastery on Mount Athos by John the Iberian and Euthymius."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi) within the Georgian Athonite community."},{"date":"11th c.","event":"Death of John the Iberian (Ioane Iverieli), possibly commemorated in the text's reference to December 15."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"Transmission of the text in Athos manuscripts and incorporation into broader Georgian liturgical books."},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Digitization and publication of the text in the titus corpus, without critical apparatus."}],"relations":[{"work":"Typikon of the Great Church","relation":"Parallels in Byzantine monastic practices for the dead, such as ektenia and Kyrie eleison repetitions.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Vitae of Athanasius the Athonite","relation":"Contextualizes the Athonite monastic milieu shared with the Georgian community.","key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae","label":"gap dossier: The Two Ancient Lives of Athanasius of Athos","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae"},{"work":"Georgian liturgical books (e.g., Mravaltavi, Iadgari)","relation":"Part of the broader Georgian liturgical tradition that influenced funeral practices.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Slavic pannychis","relation":"Later parallel in Slavic rites for the dead, showing Byzantine influence.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Mount Athos","label":"Mount Athos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Athos","reason":"Location of the manuscript's origin and preservation."}],"cautions":["The date of composition is uncertain; the 10th–11th century attribution is based on liturgical parallels and the activity of the Iveron monastery, not on explicit colophons or external witnesses.","The titus edition lacks a critical apparatus, so the manuscript stemma, variant readings, and scribal interventions cannot be assessed from this source alone.","The identity of 'Ioane Syngelos' as John the Iberian is plausible but not definitively confirmed in the text.","The exact measure of a 'krasovuli' (cup of wine) is uncertain in this context."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000543,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:23:00Z"},"checks":{"work":"athag","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":11,"english_words":356,"source_letters":1252,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text survives in Athos manuscripts, reflecting the liturgical practice of the Georgian monastery of Iveron. The edition relies on the titus corpus, which collates several witnesses.","cites":[{"key":"ed:athag","label":"source edition: Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/athaghap/athag.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is attributed to the anonymous Athonite tradition, likely 10th–11th century, but no explicit colophon or external witness confirms a precise date. Attribution rests on liturgical parallels with other Athos aghapebi.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae","label":"gap dossier: The Two Ancient Lives of Athanasius of Athos","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These offices for the deceased were used in the Georgian monastic rite at Iveron and later incorporated into broader Georgian liturgical books, influencing funeral practices in the Georgian Church.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990142835470203941","label":"Kurt Weitzmann photographs of manuscripts, approximately 1980-1999","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990142835470203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The titus edition does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings. The user cannot assess manuscript stemma or scribal interventions from this source alone.","cites":[{"key":"ed:athag","label":"source edition: Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/athaghap/athag.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Athos Offices for the Deceased. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"dossier:greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae":{"label":"gap dossier: The Two Ancient Lives of Athanasius of Athos","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae"},"ed:athag":{"label":"source edition: Offices for the Deceased (Athos aghapebi)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/athaghap/athag.htm"},"hollis:alma990142835470203941":{"label":"Kurt Weitzmann photographs of manuscripts, approximately 1980-1999","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990142835470203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"1 ტაბ. I1-2 d. სახელითა მამისაჲთა და ძისაჲთა და სულისა წმიდისაჲთა. ესე არიან აღაპნი მონასტრისა ჩუენისანი, ვინაჲთგან აღშენებულ არს ვიდრე აქამომდჱ თუესა დეკენბერსა იე. აღაპი არს იოვანე სჳნგელოზისა, მაშენებელისა ამის დიდებულისა ლავრისაჲ. უფალო ღაღადყავსა ზედა თქუნენ დასდებელნი წმიდისანი და სტიქარონად სულისანი. და სერობასა ტრაპეზს შესუან ძმათა სამსამი კრასოვული. და ვითარცა ჰრეკონ სერობისაჲ, ილოცონ: \"რომელი დამკჳდრებულ არს\" და \"ჩუენთანაარსი\", და გაასრულონ ჟამი სერობისაჲ. და იწყონ დაწესებულთა და თქუან ალილუაჲ და \"მოიჴსენენ, უფალო, ვითარცა\" და \"ნეტარარიანნი\". და იტყოდიან დიაკონნი კუერექსთა და ხუცესნი ლოცვათა; \"ნეტარარიანთა ზედა\" თქუან წარდგომაჲ სულისაჲ, და \"მიწყალჱ\" და სულისა გალობანი; \"განძლიერდასა\" ზედა -- წარდგომაჲ სულისაჲვე, \"ღაღადყავსა\" ზედა -- იბაკოჲ სულისაჲვე და სამნი შედეგნი: გამოავლინე სულისაჲ, აქებდითი, \"დიდებაჲ მაღალთაჲ\", სტიქარონნი სულისანი, \"წმიდაო ღმერთოჲ\", ლიტანისაჲ, სულისაჲ, კუერ[ე]ქსი \"ზეგარდამოჲ\", კირიელეისონი მ და აღასრულონ ჟამი. ცისკრად: \"ღმერთი უფალსა\" ზედა წმიდისაჲ და სამნი გალობანი წმიდისანი, პარაკლიტონი და სულისანი. \"განძლიერდასა\" ზედაწარდგომაჲ წმიდისაჲ, \"ღაღადყავსა\" ზედა-იბაკოჲ სულისაჲ, და \"ზეგარდამოსა\" ზედა კუალად მ კჳრიელეისონი.","english":"1 In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. These are the aghapebi of our monastery, from the time it was built until now, in the month of December, 15. The aghape is of Ioane Syngelos, the builder of this glorious Lavra. At \"Lord, I have cried,\" they sing the appointed stichera of the saint and the stichera for the departed. And at the meal, at the refectory table, the brethren receive three krasovuli each. And as they begin the meal, they pray: \"He who is established\" and \"Our Father,\" and they complete the hour of the meal. And they begin the appointed ones and say \"Alleluia\" and \"Remember, O Lord, as\" and \"The blessed ones.\" And the deacons say the ektenias and the priests the prayers; over \"The blessed ones\" they say the \"Presentation of the soul,\" and \"Have mercy\" and the hymns for the soul; over \"When the mighty\" — the \"Presentation of the soul\" likewise; over \"I have cried\" — the irmos for the soul likewise and three troparia: \"Reveal the soul,\" \"Praise,\" \"Glory of the highest,\" the stichera for the soul, \"Holy Theotokos,\" the litany, for the soul, the ektenia \"From above,\" Kyrie eleison 40, and they complete the hour. At Matins: over \"God is the Lord\" — of the saint and three hymns of the saint, the Paraklitikon and for the soul. Over \"When the mighty\" — the \"Presentation\" of the saint; over \"I have cried\" — the irmos for the soul; and over \"From above\" again 40 Kyrie eleison.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"აღაპნი","severity":"info","text":"The term aghapebi (plural of aghapi) refers to commemorative liturgical meals for the departed, a practice rooted in early Christian agape feasts and adapted in Georgian monastic typika.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"იოვანე სჳნგელოზისა","severity":"info","text":"Ioane Syngelos is identified as the founder of the Lavra; this likely refers to John the Iberian (Ioane Iverieli), a Georgian monk at the Great Lavra on Athos, active in the 10th–11th centuries.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae","label":"gap dossier: The Two Ancient Lives of Athanasius of Athos","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-vitae-athanasii-athonitae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ცისკრად","severity":"info","text":"The passage outlines the structure of the aghapi service, beginning with Vespers (indicated by 'Lord, I have cried') and continuing with Matins (ciskrad), including specific hymns, prayers, and ektenias for the departed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"კუერ[ე]ქსი","severity":"info","text":"The term kuer[e]ksi (ektenia) and the repeated Kyrie eleison (40 times) parallel Byzantine monastic practices for the dead, as seen in the Typikon of the Great Church and later Slavic pannychis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"თუესა დეკენბერსა იე","severity":"info","text":"The date 'month of December, 15' likely refers to the 15th of December, possibly the anniversary of the monastery's founding or of Ioane Syngelos's death, but the year is not given.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"სერობასა","severity":"caution","text":"The term serobasa (meal) and the instruction for three krasovuli (cups of wine) per brother may reflect a specific local custom; the exact measure of a krasovuli is uncertain in this context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Ioane Syngelos is not explicitly confirmed as John the Iberian; the date 'December 15' could be a feast day or a foundation date; the term 'krasovuli' is ambiguous in volume."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"სამხრად რავდენნიცა ხუცესნი იყვნენ, თჳს-თჳსად ჟამი უწირონ ყოველთა, შინა და სოხასტერთა. და ეკლესიას ზეგარდამოსა ლოცვასა კუალად თქუან მ კირიელეისონი. და სამხრად ნუგეშინის-სცენ ძმათა, რაჲცა ღმერთსა ებოძოს. და სუან ძმათა ხუთ-ხუთი კრასოვული. ესე კულა საცნაურ იყავნ ყოველთა, რამეთუ ოდესცა საჴსენებელი ვისიმე ძმათაგანისაჲ [იყოს, სერობად სამ-სამი კრასოვული ხუდების ძმათა, რაჲთა სუან].","english":"At midday, as many priests as there are, each in his own time, shall celebrate for all, both within and in the soxasterion. And in the church above, at the prayer, they shall again say the three Kyrie eleison. And at midday, the brothers shall be comforted, as much as God may grant. And the brothers shall drink five krasovuli each. This rule shall be known to all, for whenever there is a commemoration of any of the brothers, the brothers shall drink three krasovuli each at the meal, so that they may drink.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"სოხასტერთა","severity":"info","text":"The term 'soxasterion' likely refers to a monastic building or annex, possibly a refectory or guesthouse, but its precise meaning in this context is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"კრასოვული","severity":"info","text":"'Krasovuli' is a unit of liquid measure, probably a cup or small vessel used for wine, common in Georgian monastic typika.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The 'Kyrie eleison' (Lord, have mercy) is a standard liturgical acclamation in Eastern Christian worship, often repeated three times in prayer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage prescribes the midday office for priests and monks, including prayer, comfort, and drinking, followed by a rule for commemorations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Georgian text contains a lacuna or unclear phrase after 'საჴსენებელი', indicated by brackets in the edition, which may affect interpretation of the commemoration ritual.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact meaning of 'soxasterion' is unclear; it may denote a specific building or area within the monastery.","The bracketed portion in the Georgian text suggests a textual corruption or omission, making the commemoration rule partially uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}