{"slug":"andra","id":"georgian:titus:andra","title":"Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:14Z","cost_usd":0.001361},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:andra","work_id":"andra","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 26.9.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":259,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":11,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"andra","abstract":"The Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae is an anonymous Old Georgian hagiographic account of the martyrdom of Hadrianus and his wife Anatolia. Preserved in a single manuscript likely from the tenth or eleventh century, the text follows the conventional passio structure: arrest, trial, torture, and execution. The narrative is set in Nicomedia during the Diocletianic persecution and features stock persecutor figures. No earlier Greek or Syriac Vorlage has been identified, and the original composition date remains uncertain, though the edition tentatively assigns it to the early Byzantine period. The work is commemorated in Georgian liturgical calendars, but its use in later lectionaries is undocumented.","historical_context":"The text survives in a single Old Georgian manuscript, likely copied in the tenth or eleventh century, but the original composition date is unknown. The edition suggests an early Byzantine origin based on internal references, but external evidence is lacking. The setting in Nicomedia, a major imperial capital under Diocletian, anchors the narrative in the Great Persecution (303–311). The Georgian text shows no known dependence on Greek or Syriac sources, suggesting it may be a local composition or translation from a lost Vorlage. The manuscript lacks a critical apparatus, limiting its use for textual criticism. The martyrs are commemorated in Georgian liturgical calendars, indicating some liturgical reception, though the text's role in lectionaries is not documented.","significance":"The Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae is significant as a witness to the development of hagiographic literature in the Georgian tradition, particularly in its adaptation of martyrdom tropes from the broader Christian East. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of such texts and the need for further study of Georgian hagiography. The work also provides insight into the reception of Diocletianic persecution narratives in the Caucasus region.","timeline":[{"date":"303–311","event":"Diocletianic persecution, setting of the narrative"},{"date":"4th–6th c.","event":"Probable period of original composition (uncertain)"},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Likely date of the sole surviving Georgian manuscript"}],"relations":[{"work":"Passio of Hadrian and Anatolia (Greek/Syriac hypothetical)","relation":"Possible lost Vorlage","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian liturgical calendars","relation":"Commemoration of the martyrs","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Martyrium of other Diocletianic saints","relation":"Shares stock tropes and setting","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The original composition date is uncertain; the edition's early Byzantine attribution lacks external confirmation.","The text survives in a single manuscript without collation, limiting its use for textual criticism.","No earlier Greek or Syriac Vorlage has been identified, leaving the textual tradition unclear.","The manuscript has a lacuna, and the sense of the passage is disrupted."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000364,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:22:08Z"},"checks":{"work":"andra","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":11,"english_words":259,"source_letters":1051,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a hagiographic martyrdom account of Hadrianus and Anatolia, preserved in Old Georgian. It follows the conventional passio structure: arrest, trial, torture, and execution.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian text survives in a single manuscript witness, likely from the tenth or eleventh century, with no known earlier Greek or Syriac Vorlage identified in the edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The dating of the original composition is uncertain; the edition assigns it to the early Byzantine period based on internal references, but no external evidence confirms this.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The martyrs Hadrianus and Anatolia are commemorated in Georgian liturgical calendars, but the text's use in later lectionaries is not documented in the edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition provides no critical apparatus or variant readings; it reproduces a single manuscript without collation, limiting its use for textual criticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 26.9.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:andra":{"label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"წამებაჲ წმიდათა მოწამეთაჲ ანდრიანჱსი და ცოლისა მისისა ანატოლჱსი და მათ თანა მოწამეთაჲ, რომელნი ნიკომიდია ქალაქსა იწამნეს\n\nდა იყო მოსლვასა მას მაქსიმოს მთავრისასა ნიკომიდია ქალაქად მოწყჳდნა ყოველნი, რომელნი ადგილდ-ადგილდ მორწმუნენი იყვნეს ქრისტეს მიმართ. და მიიმართა ბაგინსა მას კერპთასა და თაყუანის-სცა კერპთა მათ, და უბრძანა, რაჲთა პირველად თავით თჳსით ჰმსახუროს, და მერმე ქალაქსა მას უბრძანა მსახურებაჲ. ვითარცა ესმა ყოველთა, მივიდოდეს და მიაქუნდა ყოველთა სამსახურებელი: რომელნიმე კუროთა და ზუარაკთა, რომელნიმე კრავთა და ვერძთა და ვაცთა და მფრინველთა, რამეთუ კერპთა მსახური იყო ქალაქი იგი ყოველი. დასწყუდიდეს და უგებდეს ურაკპარაკთა და ფოლოცებსა ზედა. [ ] და აღავსო სულმან მან ცხელისამან ქალაქი იგი. და ქადაგნი იქცეოდეს ყოველსა მას ქალაქსა, რაჲთა ყოველთა უგონ ღმერთთა მათ, რამეთუ დადვა შიში თქუმისაჲ მეფემან ყოველთა ზედა, რომელთა არა უგონ და, თუ იპოვნენ ვინმე ქრისტეანებასა, ცეცხლითა აღესრულნენ.","english":"The Martyrdom of the Holy Martyrs Hadrian and His Wife Anatolia and of the Martyrs with Them, Who Were Martyred in the City of Nicomedia\n\nAnd it came to pass at the time of the arrival of the governor Maximus in the city of Nicomedia that all who were believers in Christ in every place were troubled. And he went to the pagan temple and worshipped the idols, and commanded that first he himself should serve them, and then he commanded the city to perform service. When all heard this, they came and brought their offerings: some brought bulls and calves, others lambs and rams and goats and birds, for the whole city was devoted to the service of idols. They began and built altars and platforms. And the spirit of heathenism filled that city. And heralds went about throughout the whole city, commanding all to honour their gods, for the king had imposed the fear of death upon all who did not honour them, and if anyone were found to be a Christian, they would be put to death by fire.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"წამებაჲ წმიდათა მოწამეთაჲ ანდრიანჱსი და ცოლისა მისისა ანატოლჱსი","severity":"info","text":"The opening title formula, 'The Martyrdom of the Holy Martyrs Hadrian and His Wife Anatolia,' establishes the hagiographic genre and identifies the protagonists, a common structural feature in Georgian passion narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"მაქსიმოს მთავრისასა","severity":"info","text":"The governor Maximus is a stock persecutor figure in hagiography; his name may echo the historical emperor Maximian (r. 286–305), under whose reign Diocletianic persecutions occurred in Nicomedia.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ურაკპარაკთა","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian term 'urak'parak'ta' likely denotes 'altars' or 'sacrificial platforms,' derived from Iranian *urāk- (altar) and *parak- (platform), reflecting Zoroastrian or pagan cultic vocabulary in Georgian.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ცეცხლითა აღესრულნენ","severity":"info","text":"The threat of execution by fire echoes early Christian martyrdom accounts, such as the fiery furnace in Daniel 3, but here it is a direct penalty for Christianity, a common trope in Diocletianic persecution narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"[ ]","severity":"caution","text":"The bracketed space in the Georgian text indicates a lacuna or editorial omission in the manuscript; the sense of the passage is disrupted, and the missing content may have described further pagan rituals or the governor's actions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ნიკომიდია ქალაქსა","severity":"info","text":"Nicomedia (modern İzmit) was a major imperial capital under Diocletian and a center of the Great Persecution (303–311); this setting anchors the narrative in a historically plausible locale, though the martyrs Hadrian and Anatolia are not attested in early Roman martyrologies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian text contains a lacuna marked by [ ], leaving the sequence of events between the building of altars and the filling of the city with the 'spirit of heathenism' unclear.","The identity of 'Maximos' as a governor or a prefect is ambiguous; the term 'mthavrisasa' can mean 'governor' or 'ruler,' but no specific historical figure is securely identified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"განაწესნა და დაადგინნა ქადაგნი, რაჲთა გამოეძიებდენ ურკპარაკთა მათ და ყოველთა მათ ქალაქთა, თუ ვინმე იყუნენ მამანი ანუ დედანი, მორწმუნენი ქრისტეს მიმართ, მოჰგუარნენ იგინი წინაშე მეფისა, რაჲთა ტანჯნეს იგინი დიდითა ტანჯვითა და აღგზებულითა ცეცხლითა, რომელთაიგი ესევითარი ბრძანებაჲ მოეღო მეფისა მისგან, ფასსაცა მისცემედ, რომელთა გამოუცხადიან, არნ თუ სადამე მორწმუნე.","english":"He appointed and established heralds, so that they might search out those secret ones and all those cities, if there were any fathers or mothers, believers in Christ, they should bring them before the king, so that they might torment them with great torment and with kindled fire, for which such a command had come from that king, and a reward was to be given to those who would denounce them, if there were a believer anywhere.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ქადაგნი","severity":"info","text":"The term 'heralds' (ქადაგნი) here refers to official criers or proclamators appointed by the governor to seek out Christians, a common motif in hagiographic accounts of persecutions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ურკპარაკთა","severity":"info","text":"The word 'secret ones' (ურკპარაკთა) likely denotes Christians who concealed their faith, a term reflecting the clandestine nature of early Christian communities under persecution.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"Nicomedia","severity":"info","text":"Nicomedia was a major city in Bithynia and an imperial residence under Diocletian, where severe persecutions occurred, aligning with the narrative's setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"განაწესნა და დაადგინნა","severity":"info","text":"The double verb 'appointed and established' (განაწესნა და დაადგინნა) emphasizes the formal and authoritative nature of the governor's decree, typical of hagiographic narrative style.","cites":[{"key":"ed:andra","label":"source edition: Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/andranat/andra.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"Martyrium Hadriani et Anatoliae","severity":"info","text":"This Georgian version of the martyrdom reflects the translation and adaptation of Greek hagiographic texts into Georgian, often for liturgical use in the Georgian Church.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'those secret ones' (ურკპარაკთა) could also be interpreted as 'those who hide' or 'the hidden ones,' but the context supports the reading of concealed Christians.","The reward mentioned (ფასსაცა) is not specified in amount or nature, but the text implies a monetary or material incentive for denunciation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}