{"slug":"amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","title":"Macarius Virtues","author":"Anonymous","genre":"monastic","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:17Z","cost_usd":0.066239},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","work_id":"amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":84,"english_words":18759,"coptic_letters":54773,"commentary_units":482,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":45,"ambiguities":179,"work_notes":5,"external_links":4,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","abstract":"The 'Virtues of Macarius' is a Coptic monastic text recounting the spiritual exploits and sayings of the fourth-century Egyptian monk Abba Macarius. The surviving passage describes a vision in which a cherub leads Macarius into a mountain, washes his hand in his heart as a symbol of inner purification, and explains that his heart will be named after the mountain. The cherub interprets the fruits of ascetic labor as commandments and virtues, promising that those who keep them will receive a crown in Christ's presence. Macarius is said to be 'spread and crucified with Christ' in contests of virtues, and he zealously performs all the works recounted. The text combines hagiography with didactic exhortation, typical of Coptic monastic literature.","historical_context":"The text likely dates between the 5th and 7th centuries CE, a period when Coptic monastic literature flourished in Egypt, particularly in the White Monastery federation under Shenoute and his successors. The work survives only in Coptic, transmitted through monastic manuscripts, possibly from the White Monastery library. It belongs to the genre of monastic hagiography and ascetic instruction, blending narrative with moral exhortation. The language is simple and repetitive, characteristic of Coptic paraenetic literature. The text was first edited by Amélineau in the late 19th century, and no modern English translation existed before this draft. The single manuscript witness and OCR source edition introduce potential errors, and the exact provenance and date remain uncertain.","significance":"The 'Virtues of Macarius' exemplifies the Coptic monastic tradition of using hagiographic narratives to convey ascetic ideals. Its vision of a cherub washing Macarius's heart and the theme of being 'crucified with Christ' in contests of virtues reflect a distinctive mystical and Christocentric spirituality. The text relates to the broader Apophthegmata Patrum and the Life of Macarius traditions, offering a rare Coptic witness to the development of Macarian spirituality.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Life of Abba Macarius the Great (c. 300–391 CE)"},{"date":"5th–7th c.","event":"Probable composition of the 'Virtues of Macarius' in Coptic"},{"date":"5th–6th c.","event":"Flourishing of Coptic monastic literature at the White Monastery"},{"date":"late 19th c.","event":"First edition by Amélineau"},{"date":"21st c.","event":"First English translation from OCR source"}],"relations":[{"work":"Apophthegmata Patrum","relation":"Shares genre of monastic sayings and virtues","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Life of Macarius the Great","relation":"Parallel hagiographic tradition about the same figure","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Coptic monastic literature (e.g., Shenoute's works)","relation":"Similar didactic and hagiographic style","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Macarian Homilies","relation":"Thematic connection to mystical spirituality and inner purification","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Macarius of Egypt","label":"Macarius of Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarius_of_Egypt","reason":"Historical figure at the center of the text"},{"key":"wikipedia:Coptic literature","label":"Coptic literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_literature","reason":"Linguistic and literary context"},{"key":"wikipedia:White Monastery","label":"White Monastery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Monastery","reason":"Possible transmission community"},{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"Amélineau edition","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt","reason":"Primary source edition"}],"cautions":["The exact date of composition is unknown; the 5th–7th century range is a scholarly estimate based on language and genre.","The text survives in a single Coptic manuscript witness, and the OCR source edition may contain transcription errors.","Authorship is anonymous; attribution to Macarius is traditional and not historically verifiable.","The relationship to the Greek Macarian corpus is uncertain; the Coptic text may represent a distinct tradition."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00045,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:33:04Z"},"checks":{"work":"amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":84,"translated":84,"commentary_passages":84,"commentary_units":482,"english_words":18759,"coptic_letters":54773,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a monastic instruction attributed to Macarius, likely Macarius the Great or Macarius of Alexandria, focused on the cultivation of virtues through ascetic practice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text survives only in fragmentary manuscripts, with the edition by Amélineau based on a single witness; the original extent and integrity of the work are uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is conventionally dated to the 4th–5th century, but this rests on attribution to Macarius, not on internal or external evidence; the text may be a later compilation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is cited in later Coptic monastic florilegia and was translated into Syriac and Ethiopic, indicating its use as a spiritual authority in eastern monastic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition provides only the Coptic text and a French translation; no critical apparatus, manuscript description, or commentary on textual variants is included.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: monastic in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 73 narrative, 10 dialogue, 1 doxology."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"24 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","text":"1 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: Luke 1:28."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":73,"dialogue":10,"doxology":1},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","english":"Abba","count":157,"first_passage":1,"note":"The Greek/Syriac form of address, kept where the Coptic keeps it."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":28,"first_passage":5,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"grace","count":14,"first_passage":1,"note":"The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"coptic":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","english":"pray","count":12,"first_passage":3,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","english":"body","count":9,"first_passage":2,"note":"In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","english":"church","count":9,"first_passage":20,"note":"The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","english":"peace","count":6,"first_passage":3,"note":"Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲁ","english":"Apa","count":6,"first_passage":32,"note":"A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","english":"love","count":5,"first_passage":4,"note":"Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"coptic":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","english":"virgin","count":4,"first_passage":45,"note":"Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","english":"Mary","count":3,"first_passage":13,"note":"The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":3,"first_passage":23,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","english":"bless","count":3,"first_passage":33,"note":"The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"coptic":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"apostle","count":2,"first_passage":6,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","english":"holy","count":2,"first_passage":9,"note":"Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"coptic":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ","english":"Satan","count":2,"first_passage":10,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","english":"angel","count":2,"first_passage":14,"note":"Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"coptic":"ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ","english":"monk","count":2,"first_passage":21,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","english":"cross","count":2,"first_passage":22,"note":"Greek σταυρός: the instrument of execution, and by extension the suffering it names. In martyrdom texts it is the mode of death, not a devotional object."},{"coptic":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","english":"fruit","count":1,"first_passage":2,"note":"Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."},{"coptic":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ","english":"Theotokos","count":1,"first_passage":45,"note":"Greek Θεοτόκος. Where the Coptic keeps the Greek title, it is kept rather than replaced by 'Mother of God' — the title is the point of the sentence."},{"coptic":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","english":"worship","count":1,"first_passage":76,"note":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ is to bow or prostrate in worship, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'. The gesture matters in martyrdom scenes before an official."},{"coptic":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","english":"devil","count":1,"first_passage":79,"note":"Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."},{"coptic":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","english":"people","count":1,"first_passage":81,"note":"Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."}],"citations":{"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues":{"label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ\nⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\n(-ⲁ̄-) ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲁⲓⲏ ϧⲉⲛ\nϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϥϣⲱⲡ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲁ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛⲟⲩⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ϧⲁϫⲱϥ\nⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲉⲃ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲛⲟⲩϣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϣⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ\nⲫⲃⲱⲗ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲉⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲟⲩⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ\nⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϥⲛⲁϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ","english":"From the Virtues of Our Righteous Father, the Great Abba Macarius\n\n(-1-) It was said concerning Abba Macarius that once when he had received a blessing in the virtue and it happened to him that he received grace with great patience, the Lord of glory sent a cherub. He made way before him into this mountain, and he washed his hand in his inner thought like a measure. And Abba Macarius said to him, \"What is this?\" The cherub said to him, \"I have measured your heart.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"What is the interpretation of this saying?\" The cherub said to him, \"They will call the name of your heart down upon this mountain which the Lord has given you as an inheritance, but he will seek his ordinances from you.\" Abba Macarius said to him,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'It was said concerning Abba Macarius' is a standard narrative introduction in Coptic monastic literature, signalling a traditional saying or anecdote.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered 'grace' in this context, denoting unearned divine favour, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is retained from the Coptic, reflecting the Greek/Syriac honorific for monastic elders.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The appearance of a cherub (ⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ) as a divine messenger is consistent with angelic visitations in Egyptian monastic hagiography, often conveying symbolic acts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲉ ... ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The passage employs a dialogic structure with repeated 'X said to him' formulas, typical of Coptic narrative sayings, building a question-and-answer exchange between Macarius and the cherub.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲁⲓⲏ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲁⲓⲏ (he received a blessing) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific blessing or a general act of receiving grace; the English draft interprets it as 'received a blessing in the virtue'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲁⲓⲏ is ambiguous: it could mean 'he received a blessing' or 'he received a place' (ⲙⲁⲓⲏ as 'place' is possible but less likely). The reading 'blessing' is adopted.","The cherub's act of washing his hand in his inner thought (ⲁϥⲧⲉⲃ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ) is obscure; the English renders 'washed his hand in his inner thought like a measure', but the Coptic may imply a ritual purification or symbolic gesture."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ → “grace”. The unearned favour of God; 'favour' where a human patron is meant."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","text":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ → “Abba”. The Greek/Syriac form of address, kept where the Coptic keeps it."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ\nⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲭ︦︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲕ\nⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲟϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁ‐ (-ⲃ︦-) ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲥⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲟⲩⲭⲗⲟⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉϫⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ ϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁϥⲁϣϥ ⲙⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲭⲛⲁⲁϣⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲥⲟⲗⲥⲉⲗ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲕⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ\nⲛⲁⲓϣⲓ ϣⲁ ϯⲇ̄ ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲉⲩⲑⲟⲗⲥ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲗⲱϩⲓ ⲙⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲭⲥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϣⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ ϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲏ. ⲉϥⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲣⲓ\nⲉϥϥⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲃⲏⲧ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲟⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϥⲕⲱϯ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲧⲟⲛⲱ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲉϥϣϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲱ ⲃⲓⲁ ⲛ‐ (-ⲅ̄-) ⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ\nϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲕ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲕⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϯⲣⲁ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲱ ⲕⲉⲣⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ϯⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲕⲉⲣ ϣⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ϯⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ\nⲁⲛ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲕϭⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϣ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ.","english":"What are these fruits? The Cherubim said to him, \"They are spiritual fruits, which are these: the commandments and the virtues. And our God Christ will judge the gods upon this earth, this people who are many, and those who will hear and keep and guard your other commandments; they will make for themselves a crown and a royal diadem upon your head in the presence of the King Christ.\" And these things which the Cherubim recounted to him, he spread upon the ground and said to him, \"You will be spread with Christ, and you will be crucified with him in the contests of the virtues and the good odor, and your great deeds will reach the beginning of the earth, and they will raise up a multitude of thorns in the threshing of sin, and they will become warriors and soldiers in the portion of Christ.\" And Apa Macarius would lift up his body and fulfill all the works which the Cherubim had recounted to him with zeal. Apa Macarius was once going out from the desert where he dwelt, carrying some loaves, and the devil met him on the road with a sickle and was seeking to strike him, but he could not. And he said to him, \"O wretch, your hand, Macarius, for I have no power against you. Behold, what you do, I do also, for you fast, but I do not eat at all; you keep vigil, but I do not sleep at all. Only one thing you have that overcomes me in it.\" Apa Macarius said to him, \"What is this?","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ (Greek καρπός) is glossed as 'fruit' but in this homiletic context it allegorically denotes virtues or works, as the cherubim's explanation shows.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ('body') here refers to the ascetic body as the site of struggle, consistent with the monastic genre; Macarius 'lifts up his body' to perform works of virtue.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our God Christ will judge the gods upon this earth' echoes Psalm 82:1 (LXX) or similar theophanic judgment imagery, though no exact citation is given.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The cherubim appears as a divine messenger in Coptic monastic literature, often delivering allegorical teachings; this reflects the angelic mediation common in the Apophthegmata Patrum tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a dialogue: the cherubim speaks, then Macarius responds, and the devil intervenes, creating a three-part exchange typical of hagiographic narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ is uncertain; it may be a corruption or variant of ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ 'the fruits' or a misreading; the English draft renders it as 'fruits' following the context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ is ambiguous; it is read as 'fruits' based on the cherubim's response, but the form is unusual.","The phrase 'judge the gods' (ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ) may be a textual error or a reference to angelic beings; the English draft interprets it as 'gods' but the sense is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ → “fruit”. Greek καρπός; in homiletic allegory the fruit is a virtue or a work, and the note should say so rather than leaving 'fruit' literal."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ → “body”. In martyrdom accounts ⲥⲱⲙⲁ after death is the corpse; in ascetic literature it is the body as the site of struggle."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ carries more than one sense (corpse); this passage takes it as “body”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nⲡⲉⲕⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲫⲱⲣϣ ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲁⲑⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϥⲙⲟϣⲓ\nⲡⲉ ⲉϥϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲫϯ. ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲉⲡⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲟⲭⲓⲁ ϫⲉ ϥⲓⲣⲓ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲉⲙ\nϩⲁⲛ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲉⲣⲓ ⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁ ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲥ ⲁⲥⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ\nⲛϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲣⲡⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ϩⲁ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲓⲟϯ. (-ⲇ̄-) ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲓϥ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲧⲟⲩϣⲉⲣⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲩϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϣⲁϥⲉ\nⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲁⲓⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ","english":"He said to him, \"Your humility is what it is about. For because of your humility, I have no power over you.\" And the holy one spread out his hands, and the demon appeared, and he was walking, giving glory to God. It was said concerning Apa Macarius that Agathonikos, the eparch of Antioch, heard about him, that he performed great deeds and gifts of healing through our Lord Jesus Christ. He sent his daughter to him, for an unclean spirit was with her, so that he might pray over her. And through the grace of God that was in him, when he prayed over her, she was healed immediately, and he sent her away in peace to her parents. (-4-) When her father and mother saw the healing that the holy one had performed with their daughter through the prayers and supplications of the holy Apa Macarius, they gave thanks, glorifying our Lord Jesus Christ. Apa Macarius said, \"Once in the desert, the devil appeared to me in his form, and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ (your humility) is a key virtue in monastic literature, often linked to the ascetic ideal of self-abasement that disarms demonic power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲉⲡⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲟⲭⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Agathonikos, eparch of Antioch, is a high-ranking Roman official. The mention of Antioch and an eparch situates the narrative in the late antique eastern Mediterranean, though the historicity is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ (grace) here refers to divine favour, as in the phrase 'through the grace of God' (ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϣⲗⲏⲗ (pray) is used repeatedly for Macarius's intercessory prayer over the possessed girl, a standard monastic practice of healing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"(-ⲇ̄-)","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text includes a marginal numeral (-ⲇ̄-), likely a section marker (4). This suggests the passage is part of a numbered sequence, possibly a collection of sayings or miracles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ (he appeared to me) is a Greek loan (ἀπαντάω). The English draft renders 'appeared', but the sense could be 'met' or 'encountered'. The passage breaks off mid-sentence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲉⲧⲁϥⲫⲱⲣϣ ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ (he spread out his hands) could be a gesture of prayer or exorcism; the context favours exorcism.","The identity of 'the holy one' (ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ) in the first sentence is ambiguous; it likely refers to Macarius, but the text does not name him until later.","The passage ends mid-sentence, suggesting a lacuna or a deliberate break in the manuscript."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ → “peace”. Greek εἰρήνη. ⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ in a colophon is the liturgical formula 'in peace', not a comment on civil order."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","text":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ → “pray”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛϩⲟϯ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲱ ⲃⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲁ ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲙⲏ ⲥⲉⲛⲥⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ\nⲙⲡⲓⲕⲉⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲝⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲁⲕϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲥⲉⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ\nⲛⲑⲟϥ ϩⲱϥ ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲁϧ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲥⲭⲏⲙⲁⲧⲓⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲕⲙⲁϣⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕϭⲓ\nⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲕⲭⲁϥ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϯ\nⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲙⲁϣⲕ ϧⲉⲛ\n(-ⲉ̄-) ⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲛⲥⲟⲑⲛⲉϥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧⲕ ϣⲁⲕϫⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϣⲱⲕ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ. ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲱ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϫⲉ\nⲁ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲃϣⲕ ⲉϩⲛⲁⲕ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲕϯ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲡⲁⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲓⲫⲁϧⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲁⲛ\nⲥⲁⲣⲕⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲓⲫⲁϧⲣⲓ ⲙⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲏⲡ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ\nⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲟⲑⲙⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲃⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲓϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦.","english":"He was very afraid, and he said to me, \"O violence from you, Macarius, for your voice resounds in the places of the desert and the places of concealment, just as also the great Antony, the chief of the monks, the apostolic one, and you took his form like Elisha, who took the form of Elijah. For truly, he himself, Antony, became a teacher to you because he is the one who gave you the monastic habit. For indeed, you were guided by your humility, for you received counsel from Antony in humility, and you placed it in yourself, for God is with you through the love of your humility towards me. And whenever I am tested in a bush of thorns by the passionless ones, you say in the depth of your heart with firm faith, 'Behold, my physician and my sign upon the mountain and the river.' I also said to him, 'I am Macarius, for the Lord Jesus has not hated you, but you give me strength of heart and faith to enter into the monastery. For indeed, the remedies of my Lord, the father Abba Antony, are not carnal, but the power of the Paraclete works in his prayers, the spiritual remedies hidden before God like a ship of fragrance.' And when he heard these things, he became like smoke and dissolved, and these things went on, giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (Greek ἀγάπη) is rendered 'love' here, but in monastic contexts it can also denote the liturgical agape meal. The context of humility suggests the general sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲥⲉⲟⲥ ... ⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The comparison of Macarius to Elisha taking Elijah's form echoes 2 Kings 2:13-14, where Elisha receives Elijah's mantle. The typology links Macarius to prophetic succession.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Antony the Great (c. 251-356) is presented as the archetypal monk and teacher of Macarius. The passage reflects the hagiographic tradition of Macarius as a disciple of Antony, common in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ (Greek παράκλητον) is the Paraclete, the Holy Spirit as comforter. Here it is the power working through Antony's prayers, producing spiritual remedies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ... ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is framed as a direct speech exchange between the demon and Macarius, with the demon's confession of Macarius's power and Macarius's response. This dialogic structure is typical of Coptic monastic narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ (Greek ἀπαθής) means 'passionless ones' or 'apathetic ones'. The sense is contested: it may refer to ascetics who have achieved apatheia, or to demons who are without passion. The context of thorns suggests a trial by demonic forces.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ' could be read as either 'the passionless ones' (ascetics) or 'the apathetic ones' (demons). The context of thorns and testing favors the demonic interpretation.","The Coptic 'ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ' ('the mountain and the river') may refer to specific locations in the Nitrian desert, but the text does not specify which."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ → “love”. Greek ἀγάπη. The liturgical meal sense ('agape') is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","text":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ carries more than one sense (charity, agape (the meal)); this passage takes it as “love”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲕⲟⲧⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ\nⲉⲧⲟⲩϯ ⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ\nϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (-ⲋ︦-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲥⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲟ ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲟⲛ ϣⲁⲩϩⲓ ⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲛⲭⲁ ⲡⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲣⲛⲉⲓⲁ ⲉϫⲱϥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ϯϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲣ ϫⲱⲃ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲣ ⲁⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ\nⲡⲓⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ ⲙⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲁϩϣⲉϩ ⲙⲡⲓⲃⲓⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲑⲙⲉⲧϫⲱⲃ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲣ ϫⲱⲃ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟϥ\nⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲃⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱϣ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲫϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϥⲓ ⲁϩⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ\nⲉϥϧⲟⲥⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲣⲉϥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲛⲧ\nϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϣⲁⲥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ϣⲁⲥϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲓⲙⲓ","english":"Abba Macarius said, \"The snares of the enemy are these: they are called the dawn and the dusk, just as Paul said, 'We are not of the dawn, nor of the dusk, but we are of the day, for the Son of God is himself the day.' And the devil is himself the dawn. But if the heart endures these battles from the parts, again they turn back against the ascetic through an envious one, and then they begin to cast the battle of fornication upon him, and the pleasure of the young ones within. In these battles, the heart labors so that the work becomes powerless for the man to preserve purity before the multitude of time and the toil of the virtues, and the weariness of life, and what toil it is that is great, and the labor of the body. But if the heart labors in these and becomes weary from the toil of the battles, and it casts off from itself the heart, and goes and cries out against God in the groan of his soul, then the good God, the compassionate one, sends a holy power that strengthens the heart and gives it tears.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Paul's words is not a direct biblical quotation but an adaptation of 2 Cor 4:6 or a similar Pauline contrast between light and darkness, here applied to spiritual warfare.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, but in the phrase 'the groan of his soul' it denotes the inner self that cries out to God, consistent with the Greek ψυχή.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The identification of the devil with 'dawn' (ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ) is a symbolic inversion of light imagery, common in ascetic literature to denote deceptive appearances.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from a general statement about enemy snares to a conditional scenario of heart's endurance, then to divine intervention, forming a three-part rhetorical arc.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟ ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁⲡⲟ ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥ is obscure; it may be a corruption or a rare term. The English draft renders it 'from the parts', but the Coptic may intend 'from the members' or a specific reference.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["ⲁⲡⲟ ⲙⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥ: possibly a Greek loanword μερους (parts/members) or a scribal error; the reading 'from the parts' is tentative.","ⲛⲓⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩⲓ: 'the young ones' could refer to young monks or to youthful passions; the context suggests the latter."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲓⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥ‐ (-ⲍ-) ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ\nⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϫⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲩⲉⲣ ϩⲟϯ ϧⲁ ⲧϩⲏ\nⲛϯϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓ ⲛϯϫⲟⲙ. ⲑⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲧⲉ ϯϫⲟⲙ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲫⲓⲣⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ\nⲛⲁⲧⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲧⲑⲱⲗⲉⲃ ⲉⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϧⲁ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲫϯ ⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫⲛⲁϩϯ. ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲫϯ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ\nⲉⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲁϫⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁϥⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲧⲥ\nⲛⲱⲗⲓ ⲛϯϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲙⲥ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲟϯ\nϣⲁϥⲉⲣⲥⲩⲅⲭⲱⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲁϫⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲥⲉⲣⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲉⲓⲛ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϭⲱϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧϭⲁⲥⲓ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲧϩⲓⲉ ⲉϥϭⲓ ϫⲁⲡⲓ\nⲙⲛⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲛⲁⲓ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲣ ϫⲱⲃ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲥ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧϫⲁϫⲓ (-ⲏ̄-) ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲫϯ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲣⲉϥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϯϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱϫⲡ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ ϧⲁ ⲫⲛⲁϩⲃⲉϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲓⲟⲩⲓ\nⲙⲡⲁⲛⲁϩⲃⲉϥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲣⲉⲙ","english":"and joy and health, so that his (-z-) might become strong, more than his enmity, and they cannot overcome him; they will fear the heart of the power that was with him, as the apostle Paul says, \"Strive to receive the power.\" This also is the power that Peter spoke of, saying, \"There is an inheritance indestructible and incorruptible, which is preserved for those whom the power of God protects through faith.\" Then, if the good God sees the heart, that it has overcome the enmity, then he takes the power away from him, testing his intention, and the enmity enters into him to fight with him in the desires and pleasures of the eyes and vain glory and pride, being like a ship without a rudder, taking on water here and there. But if the heart works greatly against the enmity, then the good and merciful God, for his creation, sends him again the holy power, and it strengthens the soul and the heart and the body and the joining of the members under the comfort of the Paraclete, as our Lord Jesus Christ says, \"Take my comfort upon you and know from me that I am a man.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, but here it is listed alongside 'heart' and 'body' as a recipient of strengthening, consistent with the anthropological triad.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓ ⲛϯϫⲟⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Strive to receive the power' is attributed to Paul but is not a direct quotation from the canonical epistles; it may echo 1 Timothy 6:12 or a lost apocryphal saying.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛⲁⲧⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲧⲑⲱⲗⲉⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The saying attributed to Peter about an 'indestructible and incorruptible inheritance' is not found in the canonical New Testament; it may derive from a Coptic apocryphon or a patristic homily.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲗⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲛⲁϩⲃⲉϥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The saying 'Take my comfort upon you' is attributed to Jesus but is not a canonical gospel verse; it may be a paraphrase of John 14:16 or a citation from a Coptic homiletic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Paraclete' (Greek παράκλητος) here refers to the Holy Spirit as comforter, a usage common in Coptic monastic literature, echoing John 14:16 and early Christian pneumatology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲓⲁⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the start of this passage is fragmentary; the phrase 'and joy and health' may be part of a longer list of virtues or conditions, but the preceding clause is lost, leaving the syntax uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The opening phrase 'ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲓⲁⲓ' is syntactically incomplete; the preceding text is lost, so the referent of 'his' (ⲧⲉϥ-) is unclear.","The clause 'ⲛⲧⲉϥ‐ (-ⲍ-) ϣⲱⲡⲓ' contains a lacuna marked by (-ⲍ-); the missing word may be a noun or verb, affecting the sense of the sentence."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “apostle”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲣⲁⲩϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲑⲉⲃⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ. ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲫϯ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲉⲣ\nϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲉⲙⲓ ⲉϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲟⲩϣⲱⲟⲩϣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲧⲉⲛⲛⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϥⲑⲉⲃⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲅⲁⲣ\nϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲡⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟ ϣⲱⲡⲓ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ. ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ϯϫⲟⲙ ϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲛⲛⲁ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛϩⲱⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛϧⲓⲥⲓ ϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ\nⲛⲓⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲫϯ ⲛⲁⲑⲏⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ (-ⲑ̄-) ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲣⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ\nⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ. ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲛϭⲱⲣⲡ\nⲛⲛⲓⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣⲕⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲉⲙⲏϣ ⲟⲛ ⲛϯⲛⲁϣϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ϩⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲡⲥⲱϫⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ\nⲉϥⲣⲏⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲭⲁⲕ ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϫⲟⲩϣⲧ\nⲉⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲛⲧⲉ","english":"they rejoice and humility in my heart. Then the good God opens the eyes of the heart to know the honor of God in humility and meekness of the heart, as David says, \"The praise of God is a heart that is meek and humble.\" For through these labors of these struggles, humility and meekness come to be in the heart. Then the power draws near from heaven to the mind and the heart and the taking of the veil and the honor that will come to those who will abide by them. And if a man endures many labors for a little while before the honors that God will give him, it is as the apostle says, \"The sorrows of this time are not worthy of the glory that will appear to us.\" Then they begin to draw near the punishments before the heart and those who punish them, and many others I cannot recount all of them. And the Paraclete establishes some boundaries of the heart, which are purifications of the soul and the prostration of the members and great humility and a vigil and a lamp that is lit and darkness beneath the whole body and a contempt for the evil of any man and a purity of the eyes and a keeping of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, though in context of 'purifications of the soul' it aligns with the spiritual sense rather than 'life'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase attributed to David, 'The praise of God is a heart that is meek and humble,' is not a direct biblical quotation but echoes Psalm 51:17 (LXX) or similar penitential themes; the Coptic text may paraphrase.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The apostle's saying, 'The sorrows of this time are not worthy of the glory that will appear to us,' is not a direct citation but likely alludes to Romans 8:18 or 2 Corinthians 4:17, common in ascetic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Paraclete' (Greek παράκλητος) here refers to the Holy Spirit as comforter or advocate, a usage common in Coptic monastic texts to denote divine guidance in ascetic struggle.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative of spiritual progress: from joy and humility, through divine opening of the heart, to the acquisition of meekness, then the drawing near of power and honor, followed by warnings of punishment and the Paraclete's boundaries.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase 'ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ' is ambiguous: 'those who will abide by them' could refer to the preceding 'power' or 'honor'; the English draft takes it as the latter.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The referent of 'ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ' (those who will abide by them) is unclear: it may refer to the 'power' (ϫⲟⲙ) or the 'honor' (ⲧⲁⲓⲟ); the English draft opts for the latter.","The phrase 'ⲛⲓⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ' (punishments) is introduced without clear antecedent; it may refer to eschatological punishments or ascetic disciplines.","The list of 'boundaries of the heart' (ϩⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ) is extensive and the Coptic syntax is paratactic, making it difficult to determine if all items are parallel or some are subordinate."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲁⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲓϫ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϣⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲫ︦ϯ︦. ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ϣⲁⲩⲑⲁϣⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ\nⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲙⲛⲏ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲣⲕⲁⲧⲁ‐ (-ⲓ̄-) ⲫⲣⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ϯϫⲟⲙ ϩⲉⲛⲥ ⲛⲁⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ϩⲁⲛ\nⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϣⲁⲩϣⲑⲉⲣⲑⲱⲣϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲕⲓⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲓϯ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲕⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲛⲓϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ\nϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ. ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲫ︦ϯ︦\nⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ\nⲉⲧⲁⲓⲱϣ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲕ ⲁⲓⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ. ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲟⲡⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲡ ϣⲱϣ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϭⲓⲧⲕ\nⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲭⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲟⲩ ⲉϥϧⲉⲛⲧ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϧⲁ\nⲧϩⲏ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯϩⲩⲗⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲛⲓϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ\nⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ.","english":"the tongue and purity of the lips, and truth of the hands, and service of the knees, and labor of the body, and vigilance of the spirit. These are established for him in silence and counsel, not in disturbance, but in order. But if the heart begins to think of the forms of the spirit, then the power of the senses is weakened, and wars arise in the heart, and disturbances, and the passions of the body are stirred up through the movements and attacks of the enemy. But if the heart turns to guard the forms of the spirit, a shelter is formed over it. Then the man understands that the steadfastness toward God is his rest, as David says, \"Lord, since I cried out to you, I have rested according to my counsel.\" I say that outside of man there is a great servitude in his heart and his body, and a lack of self-control in every matter, and a great endurance of shame, and a bearing of injustice in all things, and to place your death before you daily under the sun, and a loosening of matter, and a loosening of the fleshly things, so that he is not able to guard the forms of the holy spirit.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"In this ascetic passage ⲥⲱⲙⲁ denotes the body as the site of spiritual struggle, consistent with the pinned glossary definition for monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲱϣ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲕ ⲁⲓⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲁⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ","severity":"info","text":"This is a citation of Psalm 4:2 (LXX), where the psalmist declares rest after crying out to God. The Coptic follows the Sahidic version closely.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲏ (from Greek σκέπη) means 'shelter' or 'protection', here metaphorically the spiritual covering that guards the heart when it focuses on the forms of the spirit.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ... ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϣⲱⲡ","severity":"info","text":"The passage uses a conditional contrast: 'if the heart thinks of the forms of the spirit' (leading to weakness and disturbance) versus 'if the heart turns to guard the forms of the spirit' (leading to shelter and rest).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲣⲕⲁⲧⲁ‐ (-ⲓ̄-) ⲫⲣⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲉⲣⲕⲁⲧⲁ‐ (-ⲓ̄-) ⲫⲣⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ is corrupt; the scribe inserted a supralinear stroke and a broken word. The intended sense is 'begins to think' (ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ is unlikely; perhaps ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ or ⲉⲣⲕⲁⲧⲁⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲣⲕⲁⲧⲁ‐ (-ⲓ̄-) ⲫⲣⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ is textually corrupt; the reading 'begins to think' is conjectural.","The referent of ⲛⲓϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ (the forms of the spirit) is ambiguous: it may mean the spiritual archetypes or the inner dispositions of the soul."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲁϥϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁ‐ (-ⲓ︦ⲁ︦-) ⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲱⲗ\nⲉⲛⲓⲙϩⲁⲩ ϩⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲉⲛⲓⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲥⲉⲧ ⲱⲛⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ. ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ\nⲁϥϩⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲥⲉⲧ ⲱⲛⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲓ ϩⲁ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ.\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲱⲗ ⲛⲣⲁⲥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲕϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲑⲙⲏⲓ.\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲓ ϩⲁ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲏ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛϩⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲁⲕϯ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ⲓⲥϫⲉ\nⲭⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ϩⲱⲗ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲕⲱⲡ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲡϣⲱϣ ⲛⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲓⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ\nⲉⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ.\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁ\n(-ⲓⲃ-) ⲡⲓϭⲛⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲙⲡⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲕⲱϯ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩⲟ ϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲕ ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣϫⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","english":"Then he went to Abba Macarius. He said to him, \"Speak a word to me, for I wish to be saved in some way.\" The old man said to him, \"Go, fill the baskets with sand, and set them to dry.\" The brother went and filled them with sand and set them to dry. And when he came to the old man, the old man said to him, \"You have done nothing for me.\" He said to him, \"No, father.\" And the old man said to him, \"Go, take the baskets and give them honor, saying, 'You are apostles, you are saints, and you are true.'\" And he came to the old man saying, \"I have given them honor.\" The old man said to him, \"You have done nothing for me.\" He said, \"No.\" The old man said to him, \"Did you see how much labor you spent on them, and you did nothing for me? And how much honor you gave them, and they did nothing for you? In the same way, you also, if you wish to be saved, go, become a dead man, not caring for the shame of men or their honor, in the same way as the dead, and you will be able to be saved.\"\n\nA brother asked Abba Macarius, \"Teach me the way of life, father.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"As the millstone, if it turns around the wheat, it grinds all its husk away.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic retains the Greek/Syriac address 'Abba' for Macarius, a standard monastic title of respect.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The brother is instructed to call the baskets 'apostles', a term fixed in the glossary as 'apostle'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The brother also calls the baskets 'holy' (ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ), a term that adjectivally means 'holy' and as a noun names a saint.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The instruction to 'become a dead man' (ⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ) reflects the monastic ideal of mortification and detachment from worldly concerns, a common theme in Coptic ascetic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue between a brother and Abba Macarius, structured as a series of commands and responses that illustrate a lesson through a symbolic action (filling baskets with sand).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The millstone analogy at the end is a common monastic metaphor for the grinding away of sin or distraction, paralleling similar imagery in the Apophthegmata Patrum.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic text has a lacuna at ⲙⲁ‐ (-ⲓ︦ⲁ︦-) which is resolved as ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ (Macarius).","The phrase ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ (the old man) is ambiguous as to whether it refers to Macarius or another elder; context suggests Macarius."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ → “holy”. Adjectivally 'holy'; with the article as a noun it names a saint, and in the plural the saints as a body."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (saint); this passage takes it as “holy”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲓⲕ ⲛⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩⲟ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲙⲡⲟⲥ\nⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲕ ϥⲛⲁⲕⲉⲕ ⲛⲓϫⲉⲣϫⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲧϣⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲓⲕ ⲛⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲕϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛⲧⲁⲉⲣ ⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ\nⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲁⲛ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲧⲁⲧϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲁⲛ. ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ\nϯⲙⲧⲁⲧϩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲣⲟ ⲙⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲗⲡ ⲛⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲩϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲉⲙ\n(-ⲓⲅ-) ϯⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲟϯ ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲟⲗⲡ ⲁⲛ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ. ⲫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϣⲁϣⲛⲓ ⲉⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏ ⲛⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲅⲁⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲃ︦ ϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲑⲉϣⲉⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉⲙ ⲣⲁⲟⲩⲏ","english":"and he becomes a pure loaf of bread in this way, my son, the eternal one. Your father is also the wheat; if you listen to him, he will pray for you, and he will break all the snares of Satan away from you, and you will become a pure loaf of bread, a son of God.\n\nAbba Poemen said, \"I went once to Abba Macarius and said to him, 'Father, how should I behave with the brothers, for if I speak a word to them, they do not listen?' He said to me, 'Perhaps they have not received humility from another, therefore they do not listen.' I said to him, 'What is humility?' Abba Macarius said to me, 'Perhaps they have not taken counsel from another, for it is written, \"The door that is not opened does not let in the wind.\" That is, if you find the brothers fulfilled in faith and love and obedience in humility towards their fathers, they are not opened, because their hearts are hardened. But know this: if a faithful man marries a faithful woman and they keep the purity of the marriage of the one, they become peaceful with each other and they rest well, so that they rejoice and weep together.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἀγάπη, here in a list of virtues (faith, love, obedience). The glossary notes that the liturgical meal sense is technical and should not be flattened to 'love'; in this context the general virtue sense is appropriate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic form of Σατανᾶς, rendered as 'Satan' per the pinned glossary. The phrase 'snares of Satan' is a common monastic image for demonic temptations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲛⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲣⲟ ⲙⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲗⲡ ⲛⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The saying 'the door that is not opened does not let in the wind' is not a direct biblical quotation but a proverbial image; it may echo wisdom literature or early monastic sayings. The Coptic text explicitly introduces it as 'it is written' (ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ), suggesting a scriptural or authoritative source.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲅⲁⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲃ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the marriage of the one' (ⲡⲓⲅⲁⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲃ︦) likely refers to monogamous marriage, a standard Christian ideal. The analogy of a faithful couple living in peace and weeping together illustrates the harmony expected among monks who have received humility.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a direct address by Macarius (the 'pure loaf' metaphor) to a narrative frame introduced by Abba Poemen, who recounts a dialogue with Macarius about humility and obedience. This layered structure is typical of the Sayings of the Desert Fathers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩⲟ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩⲟ (the wheat) is ambiguous: it may refer to Macarius as the 'wheat' that produces the 'pure loaf' (the disciple), or it may be a generic metaphor. The English draft interprets it as 'Your father is also the wheat', but the Coptic could also be read as 'the wheat is also your father'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker in the opening lines: the Coptic does not clearly mark who says 'my son, the eternal one' — it may be Macarius or the narrator.","The phrase ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩⲟ (the wheat) could be a metaphor for Macarius or for the spiritual father in general; the English draft takes it as 'Your father is also the wheat', but the Coptic syntax allows other readings.","The clause 'ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲅⲁⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲃ︦' is ambiguous: it may mean 'they keep the purity of the marriage of the one' (monogamy) or 'they keep the purity of the one marriage' (i.e., the marriage bond)."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ","text":"ⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ → “Satan”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲭⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏⲙⲏ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲫⲑⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲓⲉ ϯⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ϩⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϣⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲓⲏ ⲛⲟⲩϧⲉⲗϣⲁⲓⲣⲓ ⲓⲉ\nϯⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϭⲓ ϣⲉⲙⲏⲣ ⲛⲁⲗⲗⲟⲧⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ\nⲓⲉ ϯⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ϣⲱⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲏϯ ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲫⲱⲣϫ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲭⲁ ⲡⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲟϯ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϭⲓ ⲡⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲉⲭⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲟϯ ϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϥⲉⲣ ⲡⲕⲉϣⲟϣϥ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ (-ⲓⲇ-) ϣⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲭⲣⲉⲙⲣⲉⲙ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲟϯ. ⲉⲧⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲙⲡⲓϭⲱⲣⲡ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲁϥϣⲉ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲉϥϫⲉⲙ ϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϥϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛϯⲓⲁⲗ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲉⲣⲑⲉⲱⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲓⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ","english":"they have become corrupted in the knowledge. But if the evil one himself envies them, the man or the woman before their eyes because of the glances of the house, and the man does not have his eyes on the dignity of a virgin or a woman in this way, if they take a foreign bond, the man or the woman, let there be no peace between them until they separate from each other. Likewise, the brothers, if they abandon the counsel of their fathers and take the counsel of other outsiders, that is not from their father, but he causes them further harm, they become in a state of turmoil within and without until they separate from their fathers. When Abba Poemen heard these things from Abba Macarius, he marveled at the outpouring of his mind and his heart. Abba Poemen said to him, \"Truly, this is how it is, my father.\" After these things, he prayed and went on his way, rejoicing and giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ and his servant Abba Macarius. Abba Macarius said, \"As for the eye, if you contemplate it in a moment of humility and it shows you your dignity and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲏⲙⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἐπιστήμη, 'knowledge' or 'understanding'. In this context, it likely refers to spiritual knowledge or monastic discernment, not secular learning.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek πονηρός, 'evil one' or 'wicked one'. Here it denotes the devil or a demonic force, a standard usage in monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣⲫⲑⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Greek φθονέω, 'to envy'. The verb describes the evil one's hostile action against the monk or nun, a common theme in ascetic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓϣⲟⲩϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"Coptic plural of ϣⲟⲩϣⲧ, 'glance' or 'look'. The phrase 'glances of the house' may refer to improper looks within the monastic community, a concern for chastity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲗⲗⲟⲧⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἀλλότριον, 'foreign' or 'alien'. Here it describes a bond or counsel from outside the proper spiritual authority, i.e., not from the father.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from a general warning about envy and improper bonds to a specific example of brothers abandoning their fathers' counsel, then to Abba Poemen's reaction and Macarius's concluding analogy about the eye.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲓϣⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲏⲓ' (glances of the house) is ambiguous: it may refer to glances directed at the house or glances within the house; the reading taken is 'glances within the house' as a context of monastic discipline.","The clause 'ⲛⲧⲟⲩϭⲓ ϣⲉⲙⲏⲣ ⲛⲁⲗⲗⲟⲧⲣⲓⲟⲛ' (they take a foreign bond) is ambiguous: it could mean a marriage bond or a spiritual bond; the reading taken is a spiritual bond (counsel from outsiders) based on the parallel with the brothers."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧϫⲁⲓⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲡⲁⲕϣϩⲟⲡⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲥϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ\nⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲁⲥⲉⲣⲍⲱⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲓⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣⲁⲛⲧⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲓⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣⲭⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ\nⲙⲙⲟⲕ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲧ ⲣⲱϥ ϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲁϣ ⲛⲥⲙⲟⲧ\nⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲥⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲭⲁⲙⲉⲩ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲭⲏⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲭⲓⲙ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲟⲩⲃⲁϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲑⲣⲉⲕⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛⲕ ⲙⲙⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ϫⲉ ⲛ‐ (-ⲓⲉ-) ⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲁϣ\nⲛⲣⲏϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲛⲁⲧϣⲫⲱⲧ\nϧⲁϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲁⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛϫⲓϫ ⲁⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϩⲁⲛ ⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ\nⲛⲉ ⲉⲩϭⲟⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲥⲉⲓⲣⲁ ⲛⲛⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓ\nⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲕϣⲫⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲩⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲥⲟϩⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ\nⲁϭⲛⲉ ⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲕⲟⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲃⲁⲑⲣⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲏϯ ⲉⲕⲟⲓ\nⲛⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ ⲛⲕϫⲉⲙ ϩⲟ ⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ϯⲓⲁⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓ ϯⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲫⲟⲧϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲧⲉⲃⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲍⲱⲅⲣⲁⲫⲟⲥ\nⲉⲩⲥⲟϩⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲕⲉⲣⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲑⲟⲩⲓ ⲑⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁϣ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲓⲉ ⲁϣ ⲛⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲕⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲁϣ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ ϣⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲓⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϣⲱϣ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ\nⲙⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲃ︦ ⲛⲁ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲁⲡ ⲛⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ","english":"Your virginity, for it did not hide you from her, nor did it speak any falsehood to you at all, but she begins to depict and to engrave and to characterize all your signs and the forms that are in you, until she enters into the taking of his mouth, so that you see what kind of form it is, and she informs you of your hidden things, that they are hidden, and your forms, that they are shameful, and she makes you know yourself, that you are a certain kind of being in your movement. In this way it will be in the place of judgment without deceit. For it is not a matter of the hand of a painter, but rather actions that are set forth, being images that reveal the form of the sins. For they are not hidden from you, but they stand before you, they paint you, without a witness, and you are like a diaphthora in their midst, you are poor, not finding a word, while the hand of the sins teaches you all of them, and they are imprinted in your heart like the tablet of a painter, they paint you, and you will think each one of the actions that you have done, because at what time or at what season you did this and that other one, at what hour, simply, they become for you a shame and a disgrace before the world, both the things of heaven and the things of earth, in the ecumenical place of judgment.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧϫⲁⲓⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲙⲉⲧϫⲁⲓⲉ (virginity) is a key virtue in monastic literature, often denoting both physical and spiritual purity. Here it is personified as an active agent that reveals hidden sins.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲁⲑⲣⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲁⲑⲣⲁ (diaphthora) is a Greek loanword meaning 'destruction' or 'corruption'. In this context it describes the sinner as a passive vessel of decay among sins, a rare usage in Coptic monastic texts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The imagery of a painter (ⲍⲱⲅⲣⲁⲫⲟⲥ) and engraving (ⲭⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲣⲓⲍⲉⲓⲛ) reflects the Hellenistic rhetorical tradition of ekphrasis, adapted here to describe the indelible imprint of sins on the soul. This is consistent with the ascetic milieu of the Macarian corpus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a personified address to virginity (ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧϫⲁⲓⲉ) to a general description of judgment, marked by the phrase ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ (in this way). This signals a transition from metaphor to eschatological warning.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ‐ (-ⲓⲉ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal insertion at ⲛ‐ (-ⲓⲉ-), likely a correction or gloss. The reading 'ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ' (you are a certain kind) is adopted, but the original may have been clearer.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ecumenical place of judgment' (ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲁⲡ ⲛⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ) echoes early Christian apocalyptic themes, possibly influenced by the Apocalypse of Paul or similar texts, though no direct citation is given.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'her' (ⲉⲣⲟⲥ) in the opening line is ambiguous; it may refer to virginity personified or to a female figure from the preceding passage.","The phrase ⲛ‐ (-ⲓⲉ-) is a textual crux; the reading adopted assumes a correction to ⲛⲑⲟⲕ."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛϩⲟϯ. ⲛⲏ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲉⲣ\nϩⲏⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲁϩⲟⲙ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲕ (-ⲓ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϩⲉⲓ\nⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲩϫⲁⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ. ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ\nⲫⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲛⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ\nⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲉⲓⲙⲏⲧⲓ ⲉⲡⲓϣⲁⲛ\nⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲉⲣ ϣⲓϣⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛϧⲟ ⲉⲱⲗⲓ ⲉⲁⲙⲉⲛϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲛⲓ\nⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲫⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϧ. ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲕⲱϯ ⲉⲡⲁⲓ ⲱ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ ⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ\nϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁ\nⲛⲉϥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲙ ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩϫⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲑⲁ\nⲛⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲇ̄ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ. ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϯ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲓ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ (-ⲓ︦ⲍ︦-) ϩⲁⲛ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲉⲩⲭⲏ\nⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ\nⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ.","english":"...into fear. For all the holy ones and the celestial orders will be amazed and will cry out to you, seeing the great flood that has occurred within you because of your glorious deeds that you have done. However, this is the work of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the inquiries of his heart are true, for there is no repentance, nor mercy, nor one who listens to you except the only one who is the stronghold of the hours, who binds the inquiries of the heart, and this is the one from whom the priestly office takes its power to slay and to bring to life, to say \"Amen\" and to bring to the height, which is our Lord Jesus Christ, the savior of our souls and our bodies, who does not desire the death of the sinner as he is established and lives. Let us seek this, O brothers, and let us be wise, for now, then, at the time of his philanthropy, also at the time when his heart wept over Lazarus before the goodness of his father at the moment of the breaking forth of tears from Mary and Martha, the sisters of the one who had died, and after four days he raised him from the dead. Let us give our attention through prayers and holy tears so that he may have mercy on us and raise our souls from the death of sins and we may live in his mercy.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Mary and Martha are named as the sisters of Lazarus, consistent with the New Testament account (John 11). The Coptic text uses ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ for Mary, the Theotokos in other contexts, but here she is the sister of Martha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The raising of Lazarus after four days (John 11:39-44) is referenced, with the detail of weeping over him before the resurrection. This aligns with the canonical narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲉⲣ ϣⲓϣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'priestly office' (ⲡⲓⲉⲣ ϣⲓϣⲓ) refers to the liturgical role of the priest, who has authority to 'slay and bring to life'—likely a metaphor for spiritual judgment and absolution, echoing Christ's salvific work.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲗⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The conjunction ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ('however') marks a shift from the preceding description of the flood of sins to the redemptive work of Christ, structuring the passage as a contrast between human failure and divine mercy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲑⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Mary and Martha weeping over Lazarus reflects a common trope in Coptic monastic literature, emphasizing the humanity of the saints and the power of Christ's resurrection. This detail is not in the canonical Gospel but appears in later apocryphal traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲉⲧⲟϣ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'stronghold of the hours' (ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲉⲧⲟϣ) is obscure; it may refer to Christ as the eternal guardian of time or to a liturgical office. The reading here follows the English draft's interpretation, but the Coptic is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'stronghold of the hours' (ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲉⲧⲟϣ) is unclear; it may be a corruption or a rare epithet for Christ.","The reference to 'four days' for Lazarus's death is consistent with John 11:17, but the weeping of Mary and Martha is an extrabiblical detail."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ","text":"ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ → “Mary”. The Theotokos in homilies and Marian apocrypha; the sister of Martha in other contexts."}]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱϫⲡ\nϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲫϯ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥ\nⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ. ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲗⲟⲅⲟⲛ ⲛⲍⲱⲟⲛ\nⲛⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϥⲱϫⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲍⲱⲟⲛ ⲛϩⲏⲙⲉⲣⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲥⲟⲣ ⲣⲁⲧϥ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲧ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲁ ϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ\nϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϫⲱⲃ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲉϩ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲏⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱϣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲥⲙⲏ\nⲉϥϯ ⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲏⲃ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲏⲃ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ\nϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁ ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲛ. ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲫⲛⲏⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲍⲱⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲅⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ (-ⲓⲏ-) (ⲁϥ)ⲉⲣⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ\nϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲓⲉ ⲁⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ\nϧⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲗⲟⲅⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟϩⲓ ⲙⲡⲭⲥ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ ϥⲛⲁⲉⲣⲁⲛⲉⲭⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ϭⲓⲧⲧⲉⲛ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲙⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ. ϩⲱⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲓⲣⲱϫⲡ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲫϯ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲭⲁ\nϩⲑⲏϥ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲙⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉϯⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ.","english":"A brother asked Abba Macarius, “Tell me, what is prostration before God, my father?” Abba Macarius said to him, “You are mistaken, for without a parable I cannot speak with you. For it is like an irrational wild animal: if it falls upon a tame animal and its foot slips against it in great fierceness of heart, the one that is beneath it is in great distress before it, and all its strength and its hope are placed in its master, and it cries out with a great voice, giving a sign to its master. If its master hears, then he runs to it, hastening, and he comes to its aid and rescues it from destruction by the wild beast. If the master of this irrational animal ran to it and made haste until he rescued it from that wild beast, how much more should we, the rational sheep of the flock of Christ, if we have hope in him, not be abandoned by the enemy to be taken by force, but he will send his angel to us to rescue us from the devil. For this reason, my son, prostration before God is that a man should not place his trust in his own strength alone, but should have hope in the help of God, for it is he who is able to save us.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (from Greek ἄγγελος) is rendered 'angel' per the pinned glossary; here it denotes a divine messenger sent by Christ to rescue the faithful, not a human envoy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (from Greek/Syriac) is kept as 'Abba' in the translation, reflecting the monastic title of respect for Macarius.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲗⲟⲅⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟϩⲓ ⲙⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'rational sheep of the flock of Christ' echoes the pastoral imagery of John 10:1–16 and 1 Peter 2:25, where Christ is the Good Shepherd and believers are his flock.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Macarius insists on speaking 'without a parable' (ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ), a rhetorical device common in monastic literature to introduce an allegorical comparison; the ensuing animal parable illustrates reliance on divine aid.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage follows a question-and-answer pattern typical of the apophthegmata tradition: a brother asks, Abba responds with a parable, then applies it to the spiritual life, ending with a direct address ('my son').","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲉⲣⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal insertion: after ⲟⲩⲟϩ there is (-ⲓⲏ-) followed by (ⲁϥ)ⲉⲣⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ; the parenthetical marks suggest a correction or variant. The reading 'made haste' is adopted, but the exact original is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲓⲣⲱϫⲡ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲫϯ (prostration before God) is not defined literally but through parable; the exact physical or spiritual act remains ambiguous.","The lacuna (-ⲓⲏ-) may be a scribal abbreviation or error; the intended verb is unclear."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ → “angel”. Greek ἄγγελος; 'messenger' only where a human envoy is meant (rare in this corpus)."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (messenger); this passage takes it as “angel”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲉⲣ ⲣⲉⲙ ϩⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲃⲉⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲁⲕ\nⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓⲛⲓⲅⲙⲁ. ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛϯϣⲑⲏⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲫⲱϧ ϣⲁⲩϯ ⲧⲱⲥⲓ\nⲛⲁⲥ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ ⲃⲉⲣⲓ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛϯϣⲑⲏⲛ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲡⲓⲫⲱϧ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ϯⲧⲱⲓⲥ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲁ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (ⲧⲏⲓ)ⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ.\n(ⲁϥϣⲉ)ⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ϫⲉ) ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ϭⲓ ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲫⲏ\n(ⲉⲧϩ)ⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲙⲟⲗϩ. (ⲡⲉϫⲉ) ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ(-ⲓⲑ-) ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲃⲉⲣⲃⲱⲣϥ\nϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ϣⲁⲥϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲓⲇⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲉⲑⲣⲉϥⲗⲱϫϩ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϭⲓ ⲭⲉⲗⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ. ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ ⲛϯⲭⲉⲗⲙⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲡⲓⲉⲓⲇⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ\nⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲣⲅⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϫⲉ ⲥⲟⲛⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛϣⲱⲧ\nⲉϥⲕⲱϯ ⲛⲥⲁ ϩⲁⲛ ⲁⲛⲁⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲉ\nⲛⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛϥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟ︦ⲥ︦.","english":"He asked again, \"My father, how does a man weep because of the passions and become renewed in the spirit?\" The old man said to him, \"I will tell you a parable. For it is like a garment: if it tears, they give it a patch until it becomes new again. For they bring the garment upon the body, the tear upon sin and pleasure, and the patch, as it were, upon repentance, which our Lord Jesus Christ gave to us from above.\"\n\nThis same brother asked again, \"My father, show me the way to the one who is sweet and the one who is bitter.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"They say concerning the small child: if his mother throws him down upon the ground, she gives him a sweet morsel in his hand to suckle, and he does not take the breast of his mother. They bring the breast upon sin and pleasure; the sweet morsel itself is our Lord Jesus Christ, the blessed name, the true pearl. For it is written in the holy Gospel: 'The kingdom of the heavens is like a merchant man seeking beautiful pearls; he found a pearl of great price, which is our Lord Jesus Christ, the king of kings and Lord of lords.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ (pathos) here denotes the passions or afflictions of the soul, a standard term in monastic ascetic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ (pneuma) means 'spirit' and refers to the renewal of the inner self through repentance, a key concept in Coptic monastic spirituality.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our Lord Jesus Christ' appears repeatedly, and the parable of the merchant seeking pearls alludes to Matthew 13:45-46, though the Coptic text does not quote the verse verbatim.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲣⲅⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲣⲅⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ (the pearl) is a common Christological symbol in early Christian literature, especially in Alexandrian exegesis, representing Christ as the 'pearl of great price'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage consists of two question-and-answer units, each introduced by ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲟⲛ (he asked again), forming a didactic dialogue typical of the apophthegmata tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲏⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or uncertain reading at ⲧⲏⲓ (house?), which the English draft renders as 'from above'; the exact sense is ambiguous.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ (from above) may be a scribal emendation; the original reading is uncertain.","The identity of 'the one who is sweet and the one who is bitter' is not explicitly defined in the Coptic, though the context suggests sin/pleasure vs. Christ/repentance."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁϥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲏⲓ\nϫⲉ ϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲙⲉⲧⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ (-ⲕ̄-) ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲏⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲉⲓⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲓϯ\nⲛϩⲑⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲱ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϧⲉⲗϣⲁⲓⲣⲓ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲇⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲕⲓ ⲉⲩⲥⲁⲑⲙⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲑⲣⲉ ⲛⲓⲑⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓⲃⲱⲛ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲗⲟϫ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲩϣⲃⲱⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲉⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲭⲃⲟⲃ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲡⲁⲣ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ. ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲓⲇⲟⲥ\nⲛⲥⲁⲣⲕⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϥϯ ⲛϩⲗⲟϫ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲥⲁⲑⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲟϫⲟⲩⲉϫ\nⲉϫⲱϥ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ϯⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲛϧ ϯⲙⲟⲩⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ\nϯⲡⲏⲅⲏ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲡⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲫⲁⲓ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲛⲓⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱⲛ ϣⲁⲩⲃⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁⲑⲙⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ϣⲁϥϯ ⲛⲟⲩϭⲱⲣⲡ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲓⲏⲛⲓⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁϥϭⲱⲣⲉⲙ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲙⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯⲁⲑⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"Abba Poemen said, \"I sat once with some brothers near Abba Macarius. He said to me, 'My father, what is the work that a man does so that a renewal of life may come to him?' The old man said to me, 'I know myself, in my youth in my father's house, that I used to give my heart to the old men and the old women, each one of whom had a kind of sickness in their mouths, so that they would anoint themselves with it, so that this would cause the spittle and the phlegm of their mouths to become a medicine in their putrefaction, and it would give a little relief and a covering to the liver and all the entrails. If this kind of fleshly thing gives medicine in this way to those who anoint themselves and are anointed with it, how much more does the food of life, the moisture of health, the spring of the water of life, the medicine of all medicines, our Lord Jesus Christ? If the demons hear his honored and blessed name in a mouth, they dissolve like smoke. But this blessed name, if we persist in it and anoint ourselves with it, it gives a release to the mind, the charioteer of the soul and the body, and it drives away all evil thoughts from the drunkenness of the soul.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' here, but in the phrase 'drunkenness of the soul' it may carry the sense of the whole living person, as the glossary allows.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲏⲛⲓⲟⲭⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲏⲛⲓⲟⲭⲟⲥ (Greek ἡνίοχος) means 'charioteer' and is a Platonic metaphor for the mind guiding the soul and body, common in ascetic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲑⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓⲃⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'spittle and phlegm' of the old people are described as medicinal, reflecting a folk belief in the healing power of saliva, especially from the pious or elderly.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from a question about renewal of life to a parable of bodily medicine, then to a comparison with Christ as the ultimate medicine, forming a three-part rhetorical argument.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The title 'our Lord Jesus Christ' (ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ) is a standard Christological formula; the description of his name dissolving demons echoes early Christian exorcistic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'the man does' or 'the man will do'; the translation takes it as present, but a future sense is possible.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲥ could be present or future; the translation opts for present.","The identity of the 'old man' (ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ) is not explicit in the Coptic; the English draft assigns it to Abba Macarius, but the Coptic only says 'the old man said to me'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"(-ⲕⲁ-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲁ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲥ\nⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲃⲣⲁⲃⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ\nⲧⲏⲣϥ. ⲉⲧⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲉⲣ ⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ\nϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲙⲫⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nⲡⲁⲙⲁ ⲛϯϩⲁⲡ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲁ ⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲓⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲓⲉⲛ ⲃⲏⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲥⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲓ\nⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲃⲟⲓϣⲓ ⲉⲥϣⲁⲧ ⲃⲟⲓ ⲉⲥⲃⲟⲗⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲥⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲕ ⲉⲥⲟⲓ ⲛⲕⲓⲏ ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲛⲉⲥⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲥⲱⲕ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲓⲧⲥ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϭⲟⲡ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲣⲁⲧⲧ ⲁⲥϩⲟⲣⲡⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲥⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲓϭⲓ ⲛϩⲣⲁⲓ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲓⲑⲱϩⲥ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲁϫⲓϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲓ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲥⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲥⲓⲟⲣⲉⲙ (-ⲕⲃ-) ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲥⲗⲁⲡⲥⲓ\nⲛⲧⲁϣⲑⲏⲛ ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲕ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩⲁϩⲧ ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲟⲥ\nⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲟⲗⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲛⲁⲥϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲁⲓϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲙⲙⲁⲥ","english":"and to cast out the old men, but rather the one who dwells among the old men, our Lord Jesus Christ, the King of the kings and the Lord of the lords, the one who gives the heavenly rewards to those who seek him with their whole heart. When Abba Poemen heard these things from him, for whom Christ bears witness, that Macarius the True stood there that day at the place of judgment, they cast them down under his feet in the sand, and he prayed over them, and he let them go, giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ. Abba Macarius said, having spoken openly with the brothers, \"It happened to me once when I was in the desert, I brought forth a heart, and a wild beast came to me, a lioness, weeping as if she were in distress, her tears flowing upon the ground. And she cast herself down upon the thorns of the briars, and she hid them in her tears, and I sat down to take rest with her, stretching out my hands and my feet in wonder upon her tears, weeping within myself, and after these things she licked my wound, she drew me, and I followed her in the power of my Lord Jesus Christ, and she led me to the place where she dwelt, and I found the cross of her.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϩⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓϩⲉⲗⲟⲥ (from Greek ἔρημος) means 'desert' or 'wilderness', the typical setting for monastic asceticism and encounters with wild beasts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲃⲟⲓϣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The word ⲟⲩⲃⲟⲓϣⲓ is a feminine form meaning 'lioness'. The gender is specified in the Coptic, which is relevant to the narrative detail of a weeping lioness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The titles 'King of kings' and 'Lord of lords' applied to Christ echo biblical language (e.g., Revelation 19:16; 1 Timothy 6:15) and are common in Coptic liturgical and hagiographic texts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a doxological statement about Christ to a narrative of Abba Macarius's encounter with a lioness, introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ('Abba Macarius said').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a wild beast (lioness) seeking help from a holy man is a common hagiographic topos, illustrating the saint's power over nature and his compassion, as seen in the Life of Antony and other desert fathers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ('it happened to me once') introduces a first-person narrative, but the preceding clause about Macarius speaking openly (ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ) may indicate a shift in speaker; the Coptic is ambiguous whether Poemen or Macarius is the speaker of the following story.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic does not clearly mark whether Abba Poemen or Abba Macarius is the speaker of the lioness story; the English draft assigns it to Macarius, but the text could be read as Poemen continuing."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲉⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲁⲥⲗⲁⲡⲥⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲁⲥϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ\nⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϫⲱⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲓϫⲉⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲩϩⲟⲗⲕ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲟⲣⲧ\nϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲓϥⲓ ⲁϩⲟⲙ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓϥⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲉⲕⲉϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟϥ. ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲩⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁϫⲓϫ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲓϩⲓ ⲡⲓⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲱⲟⲩ. ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲭⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧⲥ ⲁⲥϯ ϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϣⲉ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲁ ⲕⲉⲛⲥ\nⲁⲩⲥⲉⲛⲕ ⲉⲣⲱϯ ⲛⲁⲥⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲥϩⲟⲗϫ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲥϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ‐ (-ⲕⲅ-) ⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ. ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲓ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲛ ϩⲑⲏϥ ϫⲉ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲓⲕⲉⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲥⲉⲣⲙⲉⲗⲗⲉⲓⲛ\nⲛⲁϥ ϧⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲛⲧ ⲁⲓⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲉⲓϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϯⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲉϥⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟϥ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲱϥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϣⲓⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ","english":"They were there, and when I sat down, I anointed them one by one, and I placed them\ndown into the jars. And when I found them, I found them twisted, with the cord\naround their neck. And I inquired about them and the mothers of the orphans, and I raised a cry over them, saying, \"The diligent concern of\nthe All-Encompassing, our Lord Jesus Christ, the one of the hours of the inquiries, is bound to inquire about the creature that He created.\" These things I said in some orphans before our Lord Jesus Christ over them, and I stretched out my hand,\nI placed the sign of salvation of the cross upon them, and it healed them. When I had placed them down beside her, she gave them heed, and they went in under the jars,\nthey became healthy. As for her, she rejoiced with them, being entwined around them, looking inward\nat them, being in great joy. As for me, I was amazed\nat the goodness of God and the philanthropy of our Lord Jesus Christ\ntowards His creatures, that even the other beasts\ncare for them. And I arose and walked, giving glory to the great goodness\nof our Lord Jesus Christ and the abundance of His inquiries into His entire creation that He made.\nAbba Macarius said to the brothers concerning the difficulty of old age in","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses the Greek-derived address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) for Macarius, consistent with monastic convention. The epithet 'True' from the previous passage is not repeated here.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The 'sign of salvation of the cross' (ⲡⲓⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ) echoes early Christian liturgical and healing practices, though no specific biblical verse is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ (orphans) appears twice, first in the context of the mothers of orphans, then as the audience for Macarius's speech. This reflects the monastic concern for the vulnerable, a common theme in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from first-person narrative (Macarius speaking) to third-person report ('Abba Macarius said to the brothers'), marking a transition from direct testimony to didactic summary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲅ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains a lacuna marked by (-ⲕⲅ-), likely a numeral (23) or a scribal insertion. The sense of the surrounding phrase ('being in great joy') is clear, but the exact reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'her' (ⲥ) in 'when I had placed them down beside her' is ambiguous; it may refer to a female figure (perhaps the mother of the orphans) or a personification of the jars.","The phrase 'the mothers of the orphans' could be read as a single group or as two separate entities (mothers and orphans).","The lacuna (-ⲕⲅ-) may represent a numeral or a scribal abbreviation; its exact meaning is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩϣⲉⲛϥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉϩⲁⲛ ⲣⲓ ⲉⲁⲩⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲛⲓϣϣⲏⲛ ⲉⲩⲣⲏⲧ ϩⲓⲣⲉⲛ\nⲛⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲛⲓⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲁⲩⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲁⲗⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲣ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲱⲧ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ.\nϩⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲗⲗⲟⲓ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛϣⲓⲏⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡϧⲉⲣⲉⲃ ⲛϯⲇ̄ ⲙⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲫⲟⲣϫⲟⲩ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲓ︦ⲥ︦ⲗ︦ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲣⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ\nⲫⲱⲧ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ.\n(-ⲕⲇ-) ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ϩⲓ ⲥⲉⲛϯ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲣⲟϩ ⲁϥⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϥⲧⲟⲩⲑⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ\nⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲓ ⲙⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϫⲟⲣϫⲟⲩ ⲉⲁϥⲭⲱ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛϩⲁⲛ\nⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ϯⲛⲁⲑⲣⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ϭⲛⲉ ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓϣⲱϥ\nⲛϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ϣⲓⲏⲧ ⲛϩⲙ̄ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ\nϥⲛⲁϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲫⲙⲁϩ ⲥⲟⲡ","english":"The taking of the cord, he said to them, \"If you see some faces that have been turned in the circle, and if you see the trees that are planted along the rivers, and you see the children who have multiplied, take them and flee for yourselves.\"\n\nSome old men asked Abba Macarius, \"What is the work of silence?\" He said to them, \"It has taken the form and the pattern of the city that God scattered our children from the Cross, so that if a fornicator or a murderer flees into one of them, he will become a helper if he keeps it.\"\n\n(-24-) Again Abba Macarius said to them, \"There are cities that the king of the rivers and the Lord of the lords, Christ our God, has established, and he has sent them forth from the four corners of the earth with some spiritual soldiers, and he has strengthened them, having placed them under some laws and some commandments, and he said to them, 'Work at these things, and I will make the rivers of the earth find you,' and when they heard, they did according to the manner that he commanded them, and these things will continue until the end of the first day of silence of three hundred years because of the completion of the passions. Again the king Christ will seek the heart and will send them into the second time.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩϣⲉⲛϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the taking of the cord' is ambiguous; it may refer to a monastic discipline or a symbolic binding, possibly echoing the cord around the neck in the previous passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The opening conditional images (faces turned in a circle, trees planted along rivers, multiplied children) are allegorical, likely representing spiritual states or temptations, but the exact referents are unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛϣⲓⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the work of silence' (ⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛϣⲓⲏⲧ) is a key monastic concept, denoting hesychastic practice or inner stillness, not mere absence of speech.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'the Cross' (ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ) and 'Christ our God' (ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ) echoes New Testament themes of salvation and the scattering of the faithful, but no specific verse is directly quoted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The reference to 'three hundred years' of silence may allude to a symbolic period of spiritual purification, common in apocalyptic or ascetic literature, not a literal chronology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains lacunae or uncertain readings (e.g., ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ is partially abbreviated as ⲡⲓⲥⲗ), and the English draft may reflect interpretive choices; the exact sense of 'the first day of silence' is contested.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the cord' (ⲑⲣⲟⲩϣⲉⲛϥ) is unclear—whether a literal object or a metaphor for a monastic rule.","The allegorical meaning of the faces, trees, and children is not explicitly explained in the text.","The phrase 'the first day of silence of three hundred years' is ambiguous; it may be a scribal error or a symbolic number."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."}]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ⲃ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲓⲉⲧⲟⲗⲏ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲁⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲟϯ ϯⲛⲁⲁⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ.\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ ϣⲁ ⲧⲫⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ϣⲁ\nⲡⲓϣⲱϥ ⲙⲙⲁϩ ⲃ︦ ⲛⲧⲉ ϣⲓⲏⲧ (-ⲕⲉ-) ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛϯⲙⲟⲑⲛⲉⲥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ\nⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲟϯ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛϣⲉⲙϣⲓ\nⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲫⲙⲁϩⲅ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲣⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲓⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲁⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϣⲉϥ ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲟϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁϩⲓ ⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲁϫⲉⲙⲧ ⲉⲓϣⲟⲡ\nⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛϧⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ\nⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ ϣⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛⲧⲟⲩ ϫⲱⲕ.\nⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛϫⲉ","english":"and he will also say to them concerning the laws and the commandments, \"Work on these things in the same way that I and your fathers have worked with you. And they listened and they acted according to the fulfillment of the commandments, and these things will continue until the second cord of the sixty (-ke-) because of the multitude of the congregation. And again the king Christ and the catholic service of the church remembered the fathers, and he will also bring them in for the fifth time and he will bring them out from the laws and the commandments of the same kind, and they will say to him, \"It is not possible, we are not able to keep them.\" And the king Christ does not wish to destroy the cities, and he will say to them, \"Sit alone in the cities, and I will act for you in the same way as your fathers, and I will turn back to you if I have found a place within you, and you yourselves within, and I and my good father and the Holy Spirit the Paraclete, we will make for ourselves a dwelling place within you for glory for us forever, which has no end.\" Abba Euagrius asked Abba Macarius while he was sitting before him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϣⲱϥ ⲙⲙⲁϩ ⲃ̄ ⲛⲧⲉ ϣⲓⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the second cord of the sixty' is obscure; the numeral ⲃ̄ (2) and ϣⲓⲏⲧ (60) may refer to a monastic or liturgical measure, but the text is corrupt (note the inserted ⲕⲉ).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛϣⲉⲙϣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛϣⲉⲙϣⲓ 'the catholic service' likely refers to the universal liturgy or common prayer of the church, not a specific rite.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡ̄ⲛ̄ⲁ̄ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Holy Spirit the Paraclete' echoes John 14:16, 26, where the Paraclete is the Holy Spirit; the Coptic uses the Greek loan ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Euagrius is likely Evagrius Ponticus (c. 345–399), a major monastic author; his appearance here as a questioner of Macarius reflects the literary tradition of desert fathers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative frame: the king Christ (ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ̄ⲥ̄) speaks in an allegory of laws, cities, and dwelling, then the scene shifts to Abba Euagrius questioning Abba Macarius.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲓⲏⲧ (-ⲕⲉ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The parenthetical ⲕⲉ in the manuscript suggests a scribal insertion or correction; the reading 'sixty' is uncertain, and the phrase may be corrupt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'second cord of the sixty' is unclear; the numeral and the inserted ⲕⲉ may indicate a textual corruption or a lost referent.","The identity of 'the fathers' (ⲛⲓⲟϯ) is ambiguous: they could be the monastic elders or the biblical patriarchs."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ → “church”. The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."}]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϯⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ. (-ⲕ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϯⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲟ ⲛⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲛⲟⲩⲟⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϭⲓ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ\nⲛⲟⲩⲟⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ϥⲛⲁϯ ⲟⲥⲓ ⲙⲡⲓϣⲟ ⲛⲗⲟⲩⲕⲟϫⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡϭⲓ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ\nⲛϯⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ. ⲡⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲕⲱϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲙⲉϣⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲉⲧⲁⲩϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ ⲁⲩϫⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ (sic) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϯ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲕ ⲛϣⲱⲣⲡ ⲙⲙⲏⲛⲓ ⲭⲁ\nⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲉⲣ ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩϩⲟϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲛⲥⲱⲙⲁ (-ⲕⲍ-) ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲃⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲛⲧⲉ","english":"Abba Poemen and Abba Paphnutius, the true disciple of mine, concerning the purity of the choice. (—26—) Abba Macarius said to them, \"The purity of the choice: this is the man who gives a hundred nomismata according to his will, according to his choice, and they will become like one obolos from him. If they take his choice by force, one obolos will give a hundred litrai because of the taking by force of the choice.\" They said to him, \"What kind of word is this?\" Abba Macarius said to them, \"Turn and see, examine the word.\" And when they had considered, they found the word to be true, and when they had given repentance, he prayed over them and dismissed them, giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\nAbba Macarius said, \"If you have first established yourself in the monastery, make a beginning for yourself in becoming a monk: all the virtues and all the commandments of God, and great patience, and humility of heart in fear, and love of God and of men, in humility of heart and humility of body (—27—) in diligence and in endurance of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword προαίρεσις (prohairesis) denotes 'choice' or 'deliberate purpose', a key ascetic concept of moral will. The Coptic text plays on its double sense of free will and the monastic 'choice' of life.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲥⲙⲁ (nomisma) is a gold coin, the standard Byzantine currency. The contrast with ⲟⲩⲟⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (obolos, a small copper coin) and ⲗⲟⲩⲕⲟϫⲓ (litra, a pound-weight) illustrates a moral paradox about the value of freely given vs. coerced offering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains two sayings of Abba Macarius: the first (on purity of choice) is a numerical riddle (100 nomismata → 1 obolos → 100 litrai); the second (on beginning the monastic life) lists virtues in a paratactic chain. The intervening narrative shows disciples testing the saying and being reconciled.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ (metanoia) means 'repentance' or 'change of mind', a standard monastic practice. Here the disciples give repentance after misunderstanding the saying, and Abba Macarius prays over them and dismisses them, a typical scene of spiritual correction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the true disciple of mine' is ambiguous: it may refer to Abba Paphnutius as Macarius's disciple, or be a scribal insertion. The Coptic ⲙⲙⲏⲓ (of truth) could also be a proper name (Mēi). The English draft takes it as 'true disciple'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The numerical paradox (100 nomismata → 1 obolos → 100 litrai) is a monastic riddle on the value of free will, echoed in later Coptic and Ethiopic ascetic collections. The saying is attributed to Macarius the Great, a founder of Egyptian monasticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the true disciple of mine' is unclear: it may be Abba Paphnutius or a separate figure.","The numerical riddle (100 nomismata → 1 obolos → 100 litrai) is not fully explained; the logic may depend on a lost monastic proverb.","The Coptic ⲙⲙⲏⲓ could be read as 'of truth' or as a proper name 'Mēi'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ","text":"ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ → “monk”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲕⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲉⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲉⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ϥⲓ ⲁϩⲟⲙ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϣⲁ ⲡϣⲱϣ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϫⲱⲛⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϯ ϣⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲉϩⲁⲛ ϭⲣⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲟⲡⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲗⲓ\nⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲭⲁⲕ ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ\nϯϩⲩⲗⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲣⲓⲙⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲱⲛ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙ ϯⲡⲓ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲭ︦ⲣ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ\nⲱⲣϥ ⲙⲙⲉⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛϫⲓϫ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲧⲱⲃϩ\nⲉⲩⲟϣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲕⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲓⲃⲓ (-ⲕⲏ-) ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ϫⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲃⲱϣ ⲛⲉⲙ\nϩⲁⲛ ⲙⲕⲁⲩϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙϩⲁⲩ ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲁⲕⲕⲏⲛ ⲉϩⲓⲧⲕ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲭⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲟⲩ ⲉϥϧⲉⲛⲧ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϧⲁ ⲧϩⲏ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲉⲕⲥⲟⲣⲉⲙ ϩⲓ ⲛⲓϣⲁϥⲉⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲭⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ.\nⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲟϯ\nⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲃⲟⲕⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛϯ ⲛⲁⲕϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲁⲛⲁⲩ","english":"...a hundred nomismata according to his means, and another gives a single nomisma according to his means, and they are both equal in the purity of the choice. (—27—) A struggle in prayers, and in labors, and in prostrations, in purity of the tongue, and in guarding the eyes, in humility, and in meekness, in peace, and in not giving offense to the evil one, in not judging the sinful, in not being proud in any matter, and in placing yourself beneath the whole creation, in renunciation of matter and the fleshly passions, in a struggle of the cross, in poverty of the spirit, in a good intention, and in an asceticism of the body, in fasting, and in repentance, and in weeping, in a struggle of war, and in a captivity of counsel, in a purity, and in the finding of the good Christian life, in bonds of love, and in handiworks, in vigils, and in prayers, in hunger, and in thirst, in cold, and in nakedness, and in afflictions, and in the placing of your death before you, as though you were entering there, and in placing your death before you daily, as you wander in the deserts and the mountains and the hollows of the earth. Likewise our father Abba Macarius said, \"It is written, 'Your fear, how it has made us tremble, and we have given you our hands, and we have brought forth a spirit of salvation, behold.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ (cross) here denotes the ascetic struggle as a form of martyrdom, not a physical object. This aligns with the monastic ideal of 'white martyrdom'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ (peace) is used in a list of virtues, not as a liturgical formula. It reflects the internal tranquility sought through ascetic practice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is retained as a title of respect for Macarius, consistent with Coptic monastic usage. It is not a proper name but an honorific.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲟϯ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲃⲟⲕⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Your fear, how it has made us tremble' echoes Psalm 119:120 (LXX 118:120), where the psalmist speaks of fear of God. The Coptic adapts it to a monastic context of spiritual submission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲥⲕⲏⲥⲓⲥ (asceticism) is a key term in Coptic monastic literature, denoting disciplined spiritual practice. Here it is paired with bodily asceticism, reflecting the dual focus on inner and outer renunciation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a list of ascetic virtues and practices, each introduced by ϧⲉⲛ (in), creating a rhythmic catalog. This structure is typical of Coptic monastic instruction, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the spiritual life.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲓⲭⲙⲁⲗⲱⲥⲓⲁ (a captivity of counsel) is ambiguous: it may mean being captive to good counsel or a state of spiritual captivity that requires counsel. The reading taken follows the context of struggle.","The final sentence 'ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲟϯ...' is a quotation but its source is not explicitly identified in the text; it is likely from a psalm or a monastic saying."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ → “cross”. Greek σταυρός: the instrument of execution, and by extension the suffering it names. In martyrdom texts it is the mode of death, not a devotional object."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","text":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (crucifixion); this passage takes it as “cross”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲁⲛ. ⲧⲁ\nⲫⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲉⲃⲥⲱ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲟⲡ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲓ ⲛϭⲱⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲉⲧϫⲟⲣ\nⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲛⲁϩϯ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ϯϩⲟϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓϭⲓⲧⲕ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲃⲓ ⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲱⲛϧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ. ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲩϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲙⲡⲕⲱϯ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲛϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ ϫⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ (-ⲕ︦ⲑ︦-) ⲡⲉⲥⲃⲱⲗ\nⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ ⲛϯⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϣⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲩⲥ ϣⲙⲁ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲥ ϯⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ\nⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ ⲥϣⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥϫⲟⲕⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲥ ϣⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ\nϫⲉ ϥϫⲟⲕⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ϣⲟⲙ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲓⲁⲓ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲟϯ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲓⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲟϯ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲁⲡⲗⲟⲩⲥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϣϣⲏⲛ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲁⲗⲁϯ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲥϫⲁⲗ. ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲛⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲣⲉⲙ ⲙⲫⲉ.","english":"...a hundred nomismata according to his means, and another gives a single nomisma according to his means, and they are both equal in the purity of the choice. (—27—) A struggle in prayers, and in labors, and in prostrations. Perhaps you are a monk of the word, and you are not a begetter. These are the garments of the serpent; these also are the thorns of those who have worked well; these are those who have built their house upon the strong rock. Mercy and faith, that they may not be wearied by you, fear and violence and humiliation and a maker of abominations, a monk among them. Salvation in the name of those who wish to live in peace. Amen. Some brothers were sitting around Abba Macarius, and when an opportunity occurred, they asked him about the nature of the fig tree, saying, \"Is (—29—) the solution coming upon one?\" He said to them, \"The nature of the fig tree is brought upon the mind. For even if the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ is in a man, they say of him that his mind has become strong. In this way, the nature of the fig tree is strong and it dries up. In this way, they say of the teacher that he dries up and his heart is strong.\" The brothers said to him, \"Alas, what is it? Or what are the fruits?\" Abba Macarius said to them, \"Alas, the spiritual virtues are the fruits; the seasons are pure and simple. And it becomes a tree so that the fruits of the sky come and rest upon its branches. May it be for us also that we may find the dew of the sky.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'monk of the word' (ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ) is a rare epithet, possibly distinguishing a monk devoted to Scripture or oral tradition from one who is a 'begetter' (ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲙⲓⲥⲓ), i.e., a spiritual father who produces disciples.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The 'nature of the fig tree' (ϯⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ) is a symbolic motif in early monastic literature, often representing spiritual knowledge or virtue that must be cultivated and that yields fruit (virtues) when the mind is strong.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our Lord Jesus Christ' (ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ) is a standard Christological title in Coptic texts, here grounding the analogy of the fig tree in the knowledge of Christ, echoing New Testament themes of spiritual growth (cf. John 15:1-5).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The 'Amen' (ⲁⲙⲏⲛ) at line 5 marks a doxological close to the preceding exhortation, after which a new narrative section begins with 'Some brothers were sitting around Abba Macarius'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba' (ⲁⲃⲃⲁ) is retained from the Coptic as a mark of respect for the monastic elder Macarius, consistent with the glossary's instruction to keep the Greek/Syriac form of address.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"(-ⲕ︦ⲑ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The notation (-ⲕ︦ⲑ︦-) in the Coptic is a scribal numeral (29) that likely marks a lacuna or a marginal note; the English draft renders it as 'Is (—29—) the solution coming upon one?' indicating uncertainty in the text.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ' could be read as 'monk of the word' or 'monk of speech', and the contrast with 'begetter' is not fully explained in the passage.","The numeral (-ⲕ︦ⲑ︦-) (29) is unclear: it may indicate a missing verse number, a page reference, or a scribal insertion; the English draft treats it as a gap in the text.","The transition from the doxological 'Amen' to the narrative about the brothers is abrupt, possibly indicating a textual break or a change in source."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."}]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ⲡⲓϣϣⲏⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲇⲁⲥⲕⲁⲗⲟⲥ\nⲛⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲉⲧⲉϥϯ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ\nⲛⲓϫⲁⲗ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲑⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲉⲛ\nⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓϣⲉⲙⲏⲣ ⲉⲧⲉ\n(-ⲗ̄-) ⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲭⲟⲡϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲅ̄ ⲛϣⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ\nⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ. ⲛⲓⲅ̄ ⲛϣⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩϣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲁⲓⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲏϣ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲭⲱⲣⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ. ⲉⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ\nⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲓϣⲙⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲣ ⲃⲉⲣⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ ⲉϥⲉⲙⲟϩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲱⲙ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲭⲁ ⲡⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ","english":"The tree itself, the teacher, the instructor of teachings and the words of the law, he gives them to us. The coals also are of one heart that come up in the naptha of the lamp. We also, our brothers, let one heart come to be within us, into our Lord Jesus Christ and virtue, so that we may receive the bridle, which is the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and we may place it in the three measures, which are the soul and the body and the spirit. The three measures are one perfect man, complete, a measure of the love of the fullness of our Lord Jesus Christ. All these our Lord Jesus Christ spoke to the crowds in parables, and without parables he did not speak to them. When the brothers heard these, they marveled at the strength of his mind and his strong heart, and their hearts were renewed to them, so that the one who was written fulfilled concerning them: \"In meditation, he will be filled with fire.\" Abba Macarius said, \"Let us not let our heart go out, nor...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ (p.hmot) is rendered 'grace' per the pinned glossary, here the unearned favour of God, specifically the grace of Christ that serves as a bridle.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (psychē) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, but the context of 'three measures' (soul, body, spirit) confirms the anthropological sense rather than 'life'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ ⲉϥⲉⲙⲟϩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲱⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in meditation, he will be filled with fire' echoes a scriptural motif of divine or prophetic fire, possibly alluding to the burning bush or the fire of the Holy Spirit, though no single verse is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲇⲓⲇⲁⲥⲕⲁⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲇⲓⲇⲁⲥⲕⲁⲗⲟⲥ (didaskalos) is a Greek loanword meaning 'teacher', used here to describe the tree as an instructor, reflecting the monastic tradition of allegorical teaching.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲅ̄ ⲛϣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The 'three measures' (ⲅ̄ ⲛϣⲓ) structure the passage: soul, body, and spirit form a perfect man, a tripartite anthropology common in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Macarius is cited as the speaker of the concluding exhortation, linking the passage to the wider Macarian corpus and its reception in Coptic monastic circles.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'the one who was written fulfilled concerning them' is ambiguous: it may refer to a scriptural citation or a monastic saying; the Coptic ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ could mean 'the one who is written' (a saint or biblical figure) or 'that which is written' (a text). The reading taken treats it as a person fulfilling a prophecy.","The clause 'let us not let our heart go out' is incomplete in the Coptic; the English draft supplies 'nor...' but the Coptic breaks off, leaving the sense open."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲉⲣ ⲁⲧϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϣⲉ ⲛⲛⲓϥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ\nⲓ︦︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲭⲁ ⲙⲁ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲙⲏϣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲃⲉⲥⲛⲏⲧ ⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲙⲙⲏⲛⲓ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ϫⲱϫⲉⲃ ⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲟⲩϭⲛⲉϫⲱϥ ⲉⲩϯ\nⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲙⲏⲛⲓ ⲉϥϣⲱⲡ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲣⲉϩ ϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲉ(-ⲗⲁ-) ⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲛⲓϫⲟⲣϫⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲏⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲥ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ\nϯⲙⲟⲩⲙⲓ ⲃⲉⲃⲓ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲙⲟⲗϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲙⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲃⲉⲃⲓ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲑⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ.\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲓϩⲉⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ.\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ϯⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲫⲙⲟⲩ\nⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϧ. ⲕⲟⲧⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ\nⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲉⲙ ⲣⲁⲩϣ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲙⲉϩ\nⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲕ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲥϩⲟ ⲙⲉϩ ⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϥⲁⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ\nⲛⲁⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲙⲡⲁⲥϯ ⲁⲥⲟ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓⲃⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲗⲁϩⲱϫ","english":"Let us not cause ourselves to lose hope, for indeed, according to the saying of the figs of our joy, our Lord Jesus Christ has left a place for us to repent. He also said: Like the multitude of the inner man who are always throwing themselves upon him, he becomes purified. Likewise also a man who is in afflictions, who is under a burden, and they teach him continually, he becomes for himself and he perseveres in the vigil until he is purified from all the hidden corruptions of the evil one. He also said: Let not the little flame rise up against the one who is kindled from this one single opening, which is the temple of the heart, but let it rise up against the one who is always kindled, which is our Lord Jesus Christ in a single steadfastness.\n\nA brother asked Abba Macarius: My father, I have fallen into a transgression.\n\nAbba Macarius said to him: It is written, my son, that I do not wish the death of the sinner, as though to stone him and kill him. But turn, my son, and you will see the weeping and rejoicing of our Lord Jesus Christ, his face full of joy, like a mother whose face is full of joy within towards her daughter; he stretched out his hands and his face upwards over her, even if she is full of all kinds of uncleanness, she became an object of shame to that place and the filth.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic retains the Greek/Syriac address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ, rendered as 'Abba', a title of respect for monastic elders.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'It is written' (ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ) introduces a scriptural allusion, likely to a wisdom or prophetic text, though the exact verse is not identified in the source edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ (transgression) is a Greek loanword (παράπτωμα) common in monastic literature for a moral lapse or sin, reflecting the ascetic context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general exhortation (first person plural) to a dialogue between a brother and Abba Macarius, a typical pattern in apophthegmata collections.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲟⲛⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The image of a mother rejoicing over her daughter despite uncleanness parallels the theme of divine mercy found in other Coptic monastic sayings, though no direct source is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ(-ⲗⲁ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal insertion ⲉ(-ⲗⲁ-) before ⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ, likely a corruption or gloss; the translation reads 'from all' but the exact reading is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉ(-ⲗⲁ-) ⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ' is unclear; it may be a scribal error or a gloss for 'from all' (ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁ).","The identity of the 'brother' who asks Abba Macarius is not specified; he may be a literary figure or a generic disciple."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲁⲥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲃⲉⲣⲃⲱⲣϥ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟ ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ (-ⲗⲃ-) ⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲉⲟⲩϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲥ. ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲧⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ\nⲓⲉ ⲡⲟⲥⲱ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲫⲙⲉⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲛ.\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲫⲉϩ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓⲕⲉⲗϫ ⲕⲉⲗⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲧⲁϥ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓϣⲉ ⲉⲧϯ ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥϩⲏⲗ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ\nⲉϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲛϩⲁⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲉⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ\nⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲗⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲗⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲗⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲁⲧ ϣⲁ\nⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲧϩ ϣⲁϥϭⲁⲥ ϯϩⲁⲗⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁϩⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ\nϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲥⲱⲥ.\nϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲁ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁ\nⲟⲩⲑⲱⲧ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲛ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛϣⲗⲁϩ\nⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϫⲁⲃⲓ ϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϯ ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲟⲧ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ‐ (-ⲗⲅ-) ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉϥϯ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲱⲡ ϣⲁϥϫⲟⲥ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲣ ϣⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉϥⲟⲕⲉⲙ ϣⲁϥϯ","english":"But she seeks a heart for him, to make him stumble upward over the hatred of the heart, in a face full of joy, and all things happen (-32-) as a mixture from her. If this one is a potter, she sought a heart for her son, or rather, the love of the potter, our Lord Jesus Christ, toward us. Once, Abba Macarius asked, \"Teach me the meaning of repentance.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"Repentance reaches to the last limit, not like a stream that gives water flowing upward, coming downward, but like a wise goldsmith who wished to forge a chain, a chain of gold and a chain of silver, going into the furnace and the anvil, until he sets the chain upright. This is the form of repentance: all the virtues follow after it.\"\n\nSome brothers asked Abba Macarius the Great, \"Do the acts of seeking a heart prevail over the practices?\" He said to them, \"Yes.\" The brothers said to him, \"We are not of one heart.\" And when Abba Macarius saw them being lazy of heart and downcast, and he wished to encourage them, he said to them, \"Do you see (-33-) the marketplace, how he gives to the one who buys? He says to him, 'I have done business with you,' and if he sees him again, he gives.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ (literally 'seek a heart') is a Coptic idiom for 'to desire' or 'to yearn for', but here it is used in a moral sense of seeking a heart for someone, i.e., to care for or to repent on behalf of another.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is a Greek/Syriac honorific for a monastic elder, kept in the Coptic text as a title for Macarius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The word ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ (from Greek ἀγοραῖος) refers to a marketplace or a person in the marketplace, likely a merchant or trader. This reflects the economic context of late antique Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue: a series of questions and answers between Abba Macarius and disciples, typical of the apophthegmata genre. The first part uses a potter analogy, the second a goldsmith analogy, and the third a marketplace analogy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ('teach me the meaning of repentance') is ambiguous: ⲡⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ (from Greek νόημα) can mean 'thought', 'meaning', or 'concept'. The English draft renders it as 'meaning', but it could also be 'the thought of repentance'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The analogy of the goldsmith forging a chain of gold and silver to illustrate repentance is a distinctive image in Coptic monastic literature, possibly reflecting the value of both material and spiritual transformation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ could be read as 'teach me the meaning of repentance' or 'teach me the thought of repentance'.","The identity of the potter (ⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ) in the first analogy is ambiguous: it may refer to God as the potter of humanity, or to a human craftsman.","The final sentence is incomplete in the Coptic (ϣⲁϥϯ...), leaving the action of the marketplace figure unfinished."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"ⲛⲕⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉϥⲣⲁϣⲓ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ\nⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲫϯ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ\nⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲩⲟⲕⲉⲙ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲕⲓⲙ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲑⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲟⲧ. ⲉⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲩϫⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲙϯ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲟⲧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩ\nⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲟⲧ\nⲛϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ\nⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏϯ ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲟⲧ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲛⲁ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉ ϩⲏⲧ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦︦ⲥ︦ ⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ\nⲛⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲱⲙⲥ (-ⲗⲇ-) ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϯⲛⲟⲩ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲥⲉϭⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲁⲛ ⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲉ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ. ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϭⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ϩⲱⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲧϣⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲉⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ\nⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲁⲩϣⲉ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲉⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲉⲩϯ ⲱⲟⲩ\nⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦︦.","english":"and a small thing for him, and he goes away rejoicing. Likewise also the practices,\nif they are placed before God, the one who gives the good things, the righteous judge,\nour Lord Jesus Christ, truly, then his bowels, which are strong in compassion, are moved toward him, and the practices come forth in joy and\ndelight and gladness. When the brothers heard these things, they took courage,\nand when Abba Macarius saw them, that they were glad, he added\nand said to them in joy, \"A drop of oil gladdens\nthe soul before the king of this world. Likewise also a small\nvirtue gladdens before the king of the heavens and the earth, the one of the hours, which is strong in compassion, our Lord Jesus Christ.\" It is written, for, \"Since\nthe days of John the Baptist (-34-) until now, the kingdom of the heavens is taken by force, and those who take it by force are\nthe ones who contend for it. Therefore, let us also take by force a small portion of the kingdom of the heavens; we will contend for ourselves with the one who is king\nforever, our Lord Jesus Christ.\" When the brothers heard these things, they cast themselves down,\nworshipped his feet, and went forth from him rejoicing, giving glory\nto our Lord Jesus Christ.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (from Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' here, but in context of 'a drop of oil gladdens the soul before the king of this world', it may denote the living person rather than the immortal soul; the glossary allows 'life' where the sense is the living person.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲱⲙⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Since the days of John the Baptist' alludes to the beginning of Jesus' public ministry and the practice of baptism, but no specific verse is quoted; the reference is general.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ (from Greek πράξεις) here means 'practices' or 'ascetic labors', a technical term in monastic literature for the active spiritual exercises of the monk.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit within a longer discourse: it begins with a general statement about practices before God, then shifts to a specific saying of Abba Macarius, followed by a scriptural allusion and a concluding exhortation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the one of the hours' (ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ) is obscure; it may refer to Christ as the one who presides over the canonical hours, or it could be a corruption; the sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'the one of the hours' (ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ) is ambiguous: it may be a title for Christ or a textual corruption.","The reference to 'John the Baptist' is general, not a direct quotation; the exact scriptural source is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ\nϫⲉ ⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲣⲉⲝⲱⲣⲓⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲛϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲁϥϭⲓⲧϥ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ\nⲙⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲭⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ\nⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ\nⲉⲑⲣⲉϥⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ‐ (-ⲗⲉ-) ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲟⲩⲡⲁⲧⲣⲓⲥ. ⲙⲏ ϥⲛⲁⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛⲛⲓⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ ϧⲁϫⲱϥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲏ\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲓⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲓⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲥ\nⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁϥ ⲉⲥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲉⲧⲉⲣⲧⲓⲙⲁⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ.\nⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧⲁⲓⲗⲉⲝⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲥⲉⲉⲣ ⲃⲉⲣⲓ ⲛϫⲉ\nⲧⲁⲙⲉⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲟⲩⲁϧⲱⲙ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲗⲟⲃϣϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ϫⲉ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ","english":"Once again Abba Macarius asked, saying, \"Teach me the work of charity, what it is like.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"It is like this: There were some men. If the king were to exile them to a foreign country, far away, one of them took for himself wisdom and counsel from the things of the superior, he took it by force, and he sent some gifts to that king. The others said, 'We did not do thus.' But after a long time, the king sent for those men to bring them to their city and their homeland. Will not he who sent the gifts rejoice more, because they will become for him a protector, and he will obtain great freedom of speech, more than those who sent nothing at all? Or like a chief general who has freedom of speech before the king of this world. This is the likeness of charity before the great king, Christ. She who has it has great freedom of speech before him, and she can intercede on behalf of all who honor her.\"\n\nThis same brother asked him again concerning this saying, that it might be renewed for his youth like a whetstone. Abba Macarius said to him, \"It is like gold: if they burnish it in the fire, it becomes...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ (metnaēt) is rendered 'charity' in the English draft, but its root (ⲛⲁ, 'to be merciful') suggests 'compassion' or 'mercy' as a virtue, aligning with the pinned glossary's emphasis on compassion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ (parrēsia) denotes 'freedom of speech' or 'boldness,' a key concept in early monastic literature for the confident access a virtuous person has before God or a superior.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ","severity":"info","text":"The passage uses the formula ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ('it is like this') to introduce two analogies (exiled men and gold), a common structural device in Coptic monastic instruction for clarifying abstract virtues.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The analogy of gold burnished in fire (ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲗⲟⲃϣϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ) parallels a common monastic trope: virtue is tested and purified through trials, akin to gold refined in a furnace.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉ- (-ⲗⲉ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal insertion at ⲉ- (-ⲗⲉ-), likely a corruption or marginal note; the English draft reads 'to bring them to their city,' but the exact phrase is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉ- (-ⲗⲉ-) in the Coptic is unclear; it may be a scribal error or a gloss, and the reading 'to bring them to their city' is conjectural.","The term ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ could be interpreted as 'charity' or 'compassion'; the English draft chooses 'charity,' but the root favors 'compassion.'"],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲉⲣⲓ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲥ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲥϭⲱϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱϫⲉⲃ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲉⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲗⲁⲓ ⲉⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ.\n(-ⲗ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲁⲗⲁⲓ ⲉⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ.\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲁϧⲱⲙ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲗⲁⲓ\nⲉⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲏⲣ ϣⲁϥⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡⲓⲫⲁϣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲏϫ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ϩⲱϥ\nⲛⲧⲉϥⲭⲱ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϩⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲏϫ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nϩⲱⲥ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲁⲙⲉⲗⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ\nϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ϣⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϩⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲏϫ ⲛⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲥ.\nⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲫϯ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲏϯ\nⲛⲛⲓⲟⲩⲟⲧⲟⲩⲉⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϩⲣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲕⲟⲓ ⲉϥⲥⲱⲛⲕ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲓⲉⲃⲓⲱ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲟϩ\nⲛⲛⲉϥⲧⲁⲙⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ϭⲱⲣ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ\nⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲉⲱⲗⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲗⲟϫ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲣ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲟⲣⲛⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϭⲱϧⲉⲙ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲑⲱⲗⲉⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲭⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲥϯ (-ⲗⲍ-) ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϭⲁⲥⲓ ϩⲏⲧ","english":"A newness of this kind, as the soul, if it comes to be in virtue and its purity from its defilements and all its stains, it will come to be in a newness of its ascent to the height.\n\n(- 32 -) The brother asked him again, \"The ascent to the height, what is it, father?\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"Like the eagle: if it ascends to the height of the air, it is saved from the snare of the fowler, but if it itself lets itself down, it comes to be in the snares of the fowler. In this way, as the soul, if it becomes negligent and goes down from the height of virtue, it comes to be in the snares of the fowler of the thoughts.\"\n\nThe brother asked him again, \"Teach me the steadfastness in God, father.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"Like the fire of the oven which is in the midst of the coals and the embers of the furnace: it seeks after the oven until it fills its vessels from it. If they do not give it strength, there is no power for anything to lift its flame.\" The brother said to him, \"What is the strength, or what is the flame, father?\" The old man said to him, \"The fornications and the defilements and the pollutions and the sins and the hatreds (- 37 -) and the pride of heart.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Greek ἀρετή, 'virtue,' is a key ascetic term in this passage, denoting the disciplined state of the soul that enables its ascent.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲁⲗⲁⲓ ⲉⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ascent to the height' (ϩⲁⲗⲁⲓ ⲉⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ) is a technical expression for spiritual elevation, likely drawn from monastic vocabulary for contemplative progress.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϧⲱⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The eagle (ⲁϧⲱⲙ) is a common symbol in early Christian and monastic literature for the soul that rises above worldly snares; here it illustrates the danger of negligence.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is the third in a series of question-and-answer exchanges between the brother and Abba Macarius, each introduced by ⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ (he asked him again), marking a catechetical structure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Greek νοητός, 'intelligible' or 'of the mind'; here 'fowler of the thoughts' (ⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲏϫ ⲛⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲥ) personifies distracting or demonic thoughts that ensnare the soul.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end lists vices (fornications, defilements, etc.) but the English draft adds 'pride of heart' (ⲙⲉⲧϭⲁⲥⲓ ϩⲏⲧ) which may be a separate item; the list's exact boundaries are uncertain due to the lacuna marked (-ⲗⲍ-).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲉⲣⲓ (a newness) at the start may refer to a renewed state of the soul or a new kind of life; the exact referent is ambiguous.","The lacuna (-ⲗⲍ-) after ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲥϯ likely indicates a missing numeral or text, making the list of vices incomplete."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲥⲉⲡⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲣ. ⲛⲓϩⲣⲏⲣⲓ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ\nⲡⲓⲁϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲁⲙϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲙⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲡⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲫⲏ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϥⲛⲁⲙⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲫ︦ϯ︦. ⲙⲁϣⲉ\nⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ. ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲥⲟϩⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ\nϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲉϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉϯⲡⲩⲗⲏ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲑⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲛϧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ. ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ\nϫⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϥϣⲏⲡ ⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲭⲱ ⲛⲥⲱⲛ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲛⲁϭⲱⲧⲡ\nⲛϩⲱⲗ ⲉϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲉⲛⲓⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯϩⲟϯ\nⲛϯⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲏⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲛϯⲥⲁⲣⲇⲓ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲗⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲟϣ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲙⲡⲓϫⲁϥϫⲓϥ ⲉⲧⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲉ- (-ⲗ︦ⲏ︦-) ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲱⲙ. ϯϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲣⲛⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ ⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲉⲩⲉⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲃ︦ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲣⲛⲉⲓⲁ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲗⲕ ϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲓ ⲑⲁϥ ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲧⲟⲓⲃⲱⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲉⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ\nⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲟⲩⲁⲧⲥⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲉ.","english":"and the rest of the pleasures, this is the strength. The wonders, however, are the virtues. The sweat is the service of God. The sign is the heart. The covering, however, is the mind of our Lord Jesus Christ. He who will abide by it will fill the soul with all virtue and all purity, for this is the abiding with God. Go, my son. Once, Abba Macarius was asked, \"Do you think I should go first to the church?\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"You speak of the gate of heaven and the mother of all the living. I say to you, my son, there is a time hidden, a day for salvation, for the taking up and leaving behind of diabolical works, for a time is coming. A multitude will gather to enter the church and will be strangers to the mysteries because of the fear of the authority of that time, to fill these whose mouths are open like the sardine in the sea, these that swallow molten lead like the sponge that swallows in the days of summer. I say to you, my son, fornication and love of money are all evil practices. They will be placed in the basket, even if fornication is greater, but it is for a time, and a man will cease to seek after it and will put his end to it because of its stench. Love of money, however, it comes to swallow, it comes to cover you alone, for it is alone.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ is rendered 'church' per the pinned glossary; here it refers to the building or congregation, as the context of entering and gathering indicates.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary; in this passage it denotes the spiritual self that is filled with virtue and purity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'that time' likely alludes to a period of persecution or eschatological crisis, common in monastic literature; the fear of authority and gathering to church suggest a historical context of Roman or imperial pressure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϫⲁϥϫⲓϥ","severity":"info","text":"The image of swallowing molten lead like a sponge in summer echoes ascetic warnings against greed; a similar metaphor appears in the Apophthegmata Patrum (e.g., Abba Poemen), where love of money is likened to a consuming fire.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general teaching on virtue and abiding with God to a specific dialogue about church attendance, then to a moral warning against fornication and love of money, forming a tripartite structure: instruction, question, and exhortation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲉ- (-ⲗ︦ⲏ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna at ⲛⲓⲉ- followed by a numeral (-ⲗ︦ⲏ︦-), likely '38 days' or similar; the English draft omits this, but the sense of 'days of summer' is preserved. The reading is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ('that time') is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific historical persecution or a general eschatological moment; the reading taken is a period of crisis.","The lacuna ⲛⲓⲉ- (-ⲗ︦ⲏ︦-) is ambiguous; the numeral likely indicates a number of days, but the exact figure is lost; the English draft omits it, but the context suggests 'days of summer'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϩⲱϯ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲓ ⲧⲟⲃϥ ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡϣⲁϥⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲓⲣⲉⲛ\nⲛⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧϩⲟϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲉⲩⲕⲱϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ\nⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲟⲩⲁϩ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ. ⲑⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧⲁ\nⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲡⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ. ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲣⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nϫⲉ ⲁϥ‐ (-ⲗⲑ-) ϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥϣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ\nⲉⲣ ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲣ ⲧⲉϥϫⲟⲙ\nⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲙⲫϯ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ\nⲉⲥⲟⲣϥ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲣⲓⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲏⲃ ⲫϯ\nϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ϯⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ. ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ϩⲟⲧⲉ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲛⲧⲓⲟⲛ ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ","english":"Therefore, for this reason, it is the custom to close the mouths of the churches of the desert and the mouths of the dead concerning the fear of the authorities of that hour, for some will arise who seek and search after the inheritances of those who have fallen asleep, to cover the one who is written, that a certain rich man has come to me, do not place the heart. This also is that which the apostle spoke concerning it, saying, \"The root of all evil is the love of money.\" Now, my son, strive in all things, for Abba Antonius said, \"It is fitting that each one make a church for himself in this hour,\" which is that a man use all his strength to purify his soul as a church of God, so that in a harmonious voice we may send up a hymn of the Trinity to our Lord God through the steadfast confession of the orthodox faith. It was said concerning our holy father Abba Macarius the Great that when he made progress in virtue, he received the power of the Paraclete from our Lord Jesus Christ, so that the spirit of the adversary might be troubled and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ appears twice: first as physical churches (desert churches), then as a metaphor for the purified soul as a church of God. The glossary allows this dual sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲑⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲡⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the root of all evil is the love of money' echoes 1 Timothy 6:10 (ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἐστιν ἡ φιλαργυρία). The Coptic uses ⲑⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ (root) and ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ (love of money).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The saying attributed to Abba Antonius (Antony the Great) about making a church for oneself is a known desert saying, emphasizing interior purification over external structures.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (soul) is used in the context of purifying the soul as a church. The glossary notes that 'life' is possible where the living person is meant, but here the spiritual sense is clear.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The passage refers to Abba Macarius the Great receiving the power of the Paraclete from Christ, a motif that reinforces his authority in Coptic monastic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥ‐ (-ⲗⲑ-) ϫⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal insertion: ⲁϥ‐ (-ⲗⲑ-) ϫⲟⲥ. The reading is uncertain; the English draft supplies 'said' but the original may be corrupt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'close the mouths of the churches of the desert and the mouths of the dead' is ambiguous: it may refer to silencing criticism or to a ritual practice. The reading taken is literal.","The lacuna ⲁϥ‐ (-ⲗⲑ-) ϫⲟⲥ is unresolved; the English draft assumes a verb of speaking."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":32,"ref":"p32","source":"ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ ϧⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ.\nⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲑⲱϩⲉⲙ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ\nϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϯⲥⲩⲛⲟⲇⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲉⲫⲉⲥⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ\nⲛϣⲁⲙϣⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛϯⲧⲟⲧϥ\nⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲕⲁⲑⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲥⲟϥ (-ⲙ̄-) ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲥⲩⲛⲟⲇⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲉ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲑⲉⲟⲇⲟⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲏⲡⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲉⲛϥ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲛⲧⲉ ϣⲓⲏⲧ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲧⲥⲙⲏ ⲙⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ\nⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲛⲓⲉⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ\nⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲭⲣⲉⲙⲧⲥ ⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲉϥϩⲏⲗ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁⲣⲭⲓⲙⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ϯⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲓ","english":"They were troubled before him because of the power of the Paraclete that was with him. It happened in the time when the wise Cyril summoned the holy Apa Shenoute to the holy synod that was assembled in Ephesus concerning the impious Nestorius, the shameless man, who dared to say that our Lord Jesus Christ was a mere man like them, until they wrote his condemnation. But after this struggle of the holy Cyril and the holy synod of the bishops, they wished to go to those who were not of their throne, by the command of the pious king Theodosius. And after these things, they brought the holy Apa Shenoute in secret, and they led him down to the holy place of our father the righteous great Abba Macarius of Shiet, over whom the voice of the Lord had come, saying, \"You have become a god upon the earth.\" And he saw in a revelation the holy prayers of his sons, which were like a golden chain of incense rising to the throne of the Pantocrator. And the old archimandrite Apa Shenoute marveled within himself, saying, \"If my Lord Jesus Christ and I were in my monastery, I would come to this place to see his glory.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is retained in the translation to distinguish the monastic father from a biological father, as per the glossary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Cyril of Alexandria convened the Council of Ephesus in 431 CE, which condemned Nestorius for denying the unity of Christ's natures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople, was condemned at Ephesus for teaching that Christ's divine and human natures were separate, a view opposed by Cyril.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲕϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'You have become a god upon the earth' echoes the divine promise to Macarius, possibly alluding to Psalm 82:6 or a monastic tradition of sanctification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the synod's aftermath to Shenoute's secret journey, marked by 'ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ' ('But after these things'), indicating a narrative transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ","severity":"info","text":"Shenoute is depicted as a witness to Macarius's sanctity, linking the two monastic figures in Coptic tradition and reinforcing Macarius's authority.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ' ('they were troubled') could refer to the bishops or the synod; the reading takes it as the bishops before Shenoute.","The clause 'ⲉⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ' ('those who were not of their throne') is ambiguous, possibly meaning those outside the orthodox communion."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲡⲁ","text":"ⲁⲡⲁ → “Apa”. A title of a monastic father. Left as 'Apa' because it is a form of address, and 'father' would collide with the biological sense in the same sentence."}]},{"i":33,"ref":"p33","source":"ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲉ. ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥ- (-ⲙ︦ⲁ︦-) ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲉϧⲉⲗⲗⲟⲓ ⲁϥⲓ ⲉϣⲓⲏⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲟⲡϥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲅⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲑⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲕⲙⲉⲕ ⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ\nϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲓⲧⲁⲗⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϯϭⲏⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ\nϩⲱⲃ ⲙⲡⲁϯ ⲫⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ. ⲉⲧⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲕⲙⲉⲕ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ\nⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲅⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲟⲕⲙⲉⲕ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙ ϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲓ ϣⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϥⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟⲓ ϭⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ\nⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲁϥⲉⲛϥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛⲥⲁϩϯ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ. ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲛϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛϣⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲓϩⲏⲅⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲁϩϯ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲗⲕⲉⲓⲟⲛ (-ⲙ︦ⲃ︦-) ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉϥⲃⲉⲣⲃⲉⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϩⲟⲩⲟ ϫⲉ ⲭⲁⲗⲁ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϭⲛⲁϩ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲫⲉⲛϩ ⲡⲓⲁϥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉⲕ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁϥⲭⲁⲗⲁ\nⲙⲡⲉϥϭⲛⲁϩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲭⲁⲗⲕⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲫⲉⲛϩ ⲡⲓⲉⲛⲭⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ. ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ","english":"They were troubled before him because of the power of the Paraclete that was with him. It happened in the time when the wise Cyril summoned the holy Apa Shenoute to the holy synod that was assembled in Ephesus concerning the things that were in him, for they were of what kind. It happened, however, that when he went to greet the brothers in his monastery, he took with him some elders, and he went to the holy shrine of Abba Macarius, and the superior of that monastery received him with joy and a disposition of love and consolation, and the holy Apa Shenoute reflected within himself, saying, \"According to the revelation that I saw, it is fitting for me to take the blessing.\" But while he was reflecting on these things within himself, God revealed the holy superior to the reflections of the holy Apa Shenoute, and he wished to find a way to the shrine in his taking of the blessing to him, for he was still conversing with him, while the elders were receiving a blessing from him. He brought him to the place of the right hand of the brothers. There was a little joy on that day through a faithful one, and the superior said to the brother on the right hand at the bronze vessel, \"There is a little something for you in it, for it is still bubbling in abundance. Let down your hand, my son, and take the oil.\" And when he heard, he let down his hand into the bronze vessel and took the oil to eat. When he saw","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē) here denotes a disposition of love, but in monastic contexts it can also refer to the liturgical love-feast. The context of reception and consolation favors the general sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ (bless/praise) is used when the elders receive a blessing from the superior. Following the glossary rule, the object (elders) indicates the sense 'bless' rather than 'praise'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲗⲕⲉⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The bronze vessel (ⲭⲁⲗⲕⲉⲓⲟν) is a common domestic or liturgical item in monastic settings, used here for oil. Its bubbling is presented as a miraculous sign of abundance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general statement about the brothers' fear to a specific narrative of Shenoute's visit to Macarius's shrine, marked by ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ (it happened, however).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The episode of Shenoute's visit to Macarius's shrine is part of a hagiographic tradition that emphasizes Shenoute's humility and the miraculous provision of oil, a motif found in later Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ (when he saw) at the end is incomplete; the passage breaks off mid-sentence, likely due to a lacuna in the manuscript or the edition's segmentation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'they were troubled by those who were with him' or 'they were troubled by the things that were in him'; the English draft takes the latter.","The identity of the 'faithful one' (ⲟⲩⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ) who provides the little joy is not specified; it may refer to a lay benefactor or a monk."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ → “bless”. The Coptic verb covers both 'bless' and 'praise'; the object decides — God is praised, a person is blessed."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","text":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ carries more than one sense (praise); this passage takes it as “bless”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":34,"ref":"p34","source":"ⲇⲉ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲉⲣⲃⲗⲁⲡⲧⲉⲓⲛ ⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲣⲁⲛ\nⲛⲁⲧⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲫⲉϣ ⲟⲩⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ\nⲧⲁⲃⲏⲑⲁ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ϫⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲧⲁⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁⲗ ϧⲁϯ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲱⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲁϩϣⲁϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲕⲁⲓ ϣⲁ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲁⲙⲓⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲟⲛ ⲉϥϯ ϩⲟⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥ- (-ⲙ︦ⲅ︦-) ⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ.\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ϭⲓϭⲱⲓ\nϫⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉϥϭⲓ ⲙⲓ̄ ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ. ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϥⲭⲱ\nⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲉϥⲥⲓϯ ⲉⲡⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲏⲧⲏⲥ\nⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϥⲣⲟϫⲡ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ","english":"...then the holy Apa Shenoute, the great wonderworker, said, \"The brother did not harm anyone.\" He said with boldness, \"Truly, there is no name without action; actions raise up Tabitha. Likewise, the faith concerning the holy actions of Abba Macarius raised up the dead man. And I will say, 'Why the wonders?' For indeed, my eyes saw hermits, and their inner selves were cut off because of the disturbance of their nourishment, and until now they have not been able to produce anything of that kind. And thus he went to his monastery, giving honor to the place and giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ and his disciple, the true Abba Macarius.\n\nA brother asked Abba Macarius, \"What is this saying that Abba Cychoi spoke: 'One who receives gives to one'?\" He answered him, \"Because the devil does not cease by night or by day; he attacks the ascetic and the continent and the monk. But if he himself gives one entrance to the devil through some hermits, he is near to goodness and the virtues of our Lord.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Apa' is retained as a monastic honorific, distinct from 'father' in a biological sense, per the pinned glossary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲃⲏⲑⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Tabitha (Acts 9:36–42) is raised by Peter through prayer; here her raising is cited as a parallel to the effect of Macarius's holy actions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The devil is portrayed as ceaselessly attacking ascetics, a common theme in Coptic monastic literature emphasizing vigilance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Shenoute's speech to a brother's question to Macarius, forming a dialogue-within-dialogue typical of this work's structure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Macarius is called 'the true' and 'the disciple' of Christ, reflecting his veneration as a model ascetic in Coptic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ϭⲓϭⲱⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The name 'Cychoi' is uncertain; the Coptic may be a variant or corruption of a known monastic figure, but no secure identification is available.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲁϣⲫⲉϣ ⲟⲩⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ' is obscure; it is read as 'no name without action' following the English draft, but the Coptic could allow other interpretations.","The identity of 'Abba Cychoi' is uncertain; it may be a scribal error or a rare name."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":35,"ref":"p35","source":"ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲣⲁϣⲓ\nⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲣϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲓ̄ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲣⲝ ϩⲓ ⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲣϧⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲁϥϭⲣⲟ\nⲉⲛⲁ ⲡⲓⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲟⲥ ⲛⲉ ⲧⲕⲁϩⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉϩⲉⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ. ϯⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲑⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲉϫⲱⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ. ⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁϣ ⲛϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧⲥⲟⲧⲡ ϧⲉⲛ (-ⲙ︦ⲇ︦-)\nⲡⲓⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ. ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲱ ⲟⲩⲛⲓⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϥ ⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲑⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ\nⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲕⲉϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲥⲥⲟⲧⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲙⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲁⲑⲙⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲥ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲙⲡⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲫⲱⲛⲕ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙ ϯⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲥⲁⲑⲙⲓ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲉ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲛⲓϭⲗⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲕ ⲉϫⲱϥ\nⲛⲟⲩϩⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲕⲉⲛⲓ ⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲫⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲃⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲧⲏⲣϥ\nⲓⲉ ⲭⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲑⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲓⲉ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲟϫⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲉϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡϩⲗⲟϫ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁⲑⲙⲓ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱϥ. ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲣ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲙⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲕⲉⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ. ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲫⲃⲱⲗ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ϫⲉ\nⲑⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ ⲙⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲭⲏ ⲙ- (-ⲙ︦ⲉ︦-) ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲑⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ.","english":"Jesus Christ. Let the good man, the true God, rejoice over the one man of his body, the one of the devil, because man is flesh and blood, and the one feared, he prevailed over the incorporeal ones, the earth of the devil, to come out through the servant. The help of our Lord Jesus Christ is to protect us through his holy grace. The brother also asked, \"What is the chosen work in the practical and self-controlled life?\" He answered him, saying, \"Woe to the one who will find him guarding the blessed name of our Lord Jesus Christ in steadfastness and with a heart of obedience, for truly there is no chosen work in the entire practical life like the food of blessedness. If you hear it at all times, like the sheep, if it is called upward and it finds the pasture of the hearing, until it goes into the folds of its heart and draws upon itself a pasture and a measure, it will be a wonder to its neighbors and its entire interior. You do not see the honor of its vessels filled with the pasture of the hearing that is in its mouth. May it be for us that our Lord Jesus Christ grants us his sweet and measured name. A brother asked Abba Macarius, \"Tell me the interpretation of this saying: 'The meditation of my heart is before you.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered 'grace' per the pinned glossary, denoting unearned divine favour. Here it is qualified as 'holy grace' (ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ), reinforcing the theological sense of God's protective agency.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is retained in the English draft as a fixed form, following the glossary. It marks the monastic authority of Macarius, to whom a brother directs a request for interpretation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The invocation 'our Lord Jesus Christ' (ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ) opens the passage, a common liturgical formula in Coptic monastic literature. It frames the ensuing discourse as under Christ's authority and protection.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the practical and self-controlled life' (ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ) reflects the ascetic categories of praxis and enkrateia, central to Egyptian monastic formation. The brother's question about 'chosen work' situates the passage in a catechetical context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a narrative frame (the brother's question) to a direct teaching by the elder, introduced by 'the brother also asked' (ⲁϥϣⲉⲛϥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ). This question-and-answer pattern is typical of the apophthegmata tradition embedded in the work.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲑⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ ⲙⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲭⲏ ⲙ- (-ⲙⲉ-) ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲑⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"caution","text":"The final line contains a lacuna: ⲭⲏ ⲙ- (-ⲙⲉ-) likely represents a missing word or abbreviation. The English draft supplies 'before you' as the sense, but the Coptic is fragmentary. The reading is conjectural.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲣϥ (the one man of his body) is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific individual or be a generic expression for humanity. The English draft takes it as 'the one man of his body'.","The lacuna in the final line (-ⲙⲉ-) leaves the exact wording uncertain; the English draft's 'before you' is a plausible restoration but not certain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":36,"ref":"p36","source":"ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲕⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ ⲉⲧⲥⲟⲧⲡ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲏⲛⲓ ϯⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩϭⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ\nϯⲛⲁⲉⲣⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓϣⲁⲙϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ\nⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉϥϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲱⲥϧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲛϣ ⲭⲁ ⲣⲱϥ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲁϥⲉϣ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ\nⲛϧⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲓⲟⲣⲉⲙ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲧⲫⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲟⲥ. ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ\nⲁϥⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲁϥⲛⲉϥⲧ ⲣⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ. ⲉⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ\nⲁⲩⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲁ ⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲩϯ ϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲛϯ ϩⲟ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲕⲃⲁⲗ ⲓⲟⲣⲉⲙ\nϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ. ⲉⲧⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲓⲟⲣⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ϩⲓ\nⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲕⲧⲓⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲏ (-ⲙ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ","english":"The old man said to him, \"Is there not another chosen meditation beyond this name of salvation and blessedness of our Lord Jesus Christ, which dwells within you in a continuous manner like the writing that says, 'Like a palm tree I will call out, and like a lamp I will meditate'? This is like the service of God which abides in the name of salvation of our Lord Jesus Christ.\"\n\nIt was said concerning Abba Macarius the Great that it happened once while he was in the desert with the brothers, a fire appeared above. He let out a great cry, his eyes streaming down to the ground under the sky. The saint, however, stood still and bowed his head among the hermits. When the brothers saw him, they marveled and fell at his feet, giving him honor, saying, \"We honor you, our father; tell us why your eyes weep among the hermits.\" Yet he wept among the hermits, his face like fire, as if from the rays of the sun, because of the grace.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ (μελέτη) here means 'meditation' or 'spiritual exercise', a technical term in monastic literature for repetitive prayer or psalmody.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲏⲛⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The simile 'like a palm tree I will call out' echoes Psalm 92:12 (LXX 91:13) where the righteous flourish like a palm; the Coptic text adapts the image to a call of meditation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Macarius the Great (c. 300–390 CE) is a foundational figure of Egyptian monasticism, known for his asceticism and wisdom; the epithet 'the Great' distinguishes him from Macarius of Alexandria.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a dialogue (the old man's teaching) to a narrative anecdote about Macarius, introduced by ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ('it was said'), a common formula in apophthegmata collections.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The brothers' prostration and request for explanation reflect the hagiographic motif of the saint's hidden tears as a sign of grace, a theme later developed in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ('like the writing') may refer to a specific scriptural or apocryphal text, but the source is not identified in the Coptic.","The fire (ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲛϣ) appearing above is ambiguous: it could be a divine vision or a natural phenomenon; the text does not specify.","The final clause ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ('because of the grace') is elliptical, leaving unclear whether the grace is the cause of the tears or the fiery face."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":37,"ref":"p37","source":"ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲟϣϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ. ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ. ⲛⲑⲱϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ\nⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲓϣⲁⲛ ⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲭⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲡⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ\nⲁⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲓⲉ ⲡⲁⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲉⲣ ⲡⲕⲉⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟⲛ.\nⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲙ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲱϣ\nⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥϣⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲓⲉ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϧⲁ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲗⲟⲅⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲙⲏ ϥⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲁⲛ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ. ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲫⲱⲥⲧⲏⲣ ⲛⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲓϣ ⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ\nⲡⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲛϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲥⲟⲃϯ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲛⲧⲉϥϧⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ (-ⲙⲍ-) ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ\nⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲛⲓϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ\nⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲩϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦.","english":"of our Lord Jesus Christ, which dwells within him. He said to them, \"Have you not heard what it is that this desire has cried out?\" They said to him, \"What is it, our father?\" He said to them, \"It cried out against the lover of men, the one who alone is the friend of the hours of the strong-hearted, our Lord Jesus Christ, saying, 'If I do not take care of your command for me, for the nourishment or the labor, what is it that you have done, the other beast? If the other wild animals eat flesh, they have sensation, and they cry out against the goodness of our Lord Jesus Christ, and he tames them all. How is it that we, rational men, do not take care of our concern in his strong compassionate heart?'\" As he was saying these things to the brothers, the light-bringer, the illuminator, the desire stood before him, crying out. After these things, he went to the place that God had prepared for him, and there the beast died. All the brothers prostrated themselves and kissed the holy feet of our righteous father, the great Abba Macarius, the Phatophoros, giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲫⲱⲥⲧⲏⲣ ⲛⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the light-bringer, the illuminator' is a double epithet for Macarius, combining ⲫⲱⲥⲧⲏⲣ (from Greek φωστήρ, 'light-giver') with a Coptic participial phrase ⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ('one who makes light'). This emphasizes his role as a spiritual guide.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲙ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ","severity":"info","text":"The comparison of wild animals eating flesh and being tamed by Christ echoes the theme of divine dominion over beasts, reminiscent of Daniel in the lion's den (Dan 6) or the calming of wild beasts in early Christian hagiography, though no direct citation is given.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ (Phatophoros) is a Greek-derived title meaning 'light-bearer' (φωτοφόρος), applied to Macarius as a mark of his sanctity. It is a standard hagiographic title in Coptic monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a dialogue (the old man's question and the brothers' response) to a narrative conclusion: the desire personified stands before Macarius, then he departs to a prepared place where the beast dies, followed by the brothers' veneration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ (-ⲙⲍ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text includes a numeral (-ⲙⲍ-, i.e., 47) after ⲡⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ('the beast'), likely a scribal marginal note or a section number. Its meaning is unclear; it may indicate a chapter or folio reference in the manuscript.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the desire' (ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲓϣ) is ambiguous: it may be a personified virtue or a specific monastic concept; the text treats it as an entity that cries out and then stands before Macarius.","The phrase 'the other beast' (ⲡⲕⲉⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟⲛ) in the desire's speech is ambiguous—it could refer to a literal wild animal or metaphorically to a human failing."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":38,"ref":"p38","source":"ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲁϥϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛϫⲉ\nⲟⲩϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ϫⲉ\nϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲁⲛⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ϯⲥⲉⲣⲫⲱⲧ ⲥⲁⲧ ϥⲉⲛⲧ\nⲉⲡⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲁϥϯ ⲫⲁϧⲣⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛⲛⲓϥⲉⲛⲧ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ\nⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ ϫⲉⲣϫⲓ ϣⲁϥϯ ϭⲁⲃⲱⲧ ⲛⲁϥ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲕ ⲛⲛⲓϫⲉⲣϫⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲉⲫⲃⲱⲗ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓ ⲛϯⲥⲉⲣⲫⲱⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ϩⲱϥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ\nⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ⲛⲓϥⲉⲛⲧ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϩⲩⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲩϣⲗⲉⲙⲗⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲛⲛⲓϥⲉⲛⲧ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲉⲣϧⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲡⲓⲫⲁϧⲣⲓ ϩⲱϥ ⲉⲧϥⲱϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲉⲣⲓ (-ⲙ︦ⲏ︦-) ⲡⲉ ϯⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲥⲃⲱ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲟϫ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲩⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ\nⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ.","english":"They said concerning Abba Macarius the Great that an old man and a brother came to him. They said to him, \"We wish to live in unity with each other, our father.\" Abba Macarius said to the old man, \"Take first the likeness of the shepherd. If the sheep runs away to the east, he gives it fodder until its fleece is shorn of the east. But if, on the other hand, it goes to the west, he gives it fodder until its fleece is shorn of the west.\" The old man said to him, \"Explain the meaning of this saying to me.\" Abba Macarius said to him, \"The sheep signifies the devil, and the sheep itself signifies the brother who is with you. The east and the west, they are the passions and the pleasures of the demons that exist in the soul, entangled in the heart like the east and the west that are in the caves of the body. The fodder itself, which nourishes the sheep, is progress and self-control and the holy teaching of God. These are what purify the soul, making it clean from every passion and every evil of the evil enemies, the demons.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (from Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the glossary, but here it denotes the inner self as the seat of passions and purification, consistent with monastic anthropology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (Greek διάβολος) is 'the devil', but in the allegory it is equated with the sheep, a surprising inversion that may reflect a textual corruption or a deliberate paradox.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text first says 'the sheep signifies the devil' (ⲡⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ) and then 'the sheep itself signifies the brother' (ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ϩⲱϥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ). This double identification is confusing and may indicate a scribal error or a layered allegory.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϩⲩⲇⲟⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The terms ⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ (πάθος) and ϩⲩⲇⲟⲛⲏ (ἡδονή) are standard in Evagrian and later Coptic monastic psychology for 'passions' and 'pleasures' that disturb the soul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a narrative frame (visitors ask for advice) containing an allegorical explanation: the shepherd parable is decoded point by point, a common catechetical form in the Apophthegmata Patrum.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The double identification of the sheep (first as the devil, then as the brother) is ambiguous; the English draft resolves it by treating the first as a scribal slip, but the Coptic may intend a layered allegory where the sheep represents both the external demonic influence and the internal brother."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":39,"ref":"p39","source":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ϩⲱϥ ϫⲉ ϭⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲛϥ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲟⲩϣⲱⲟⲩϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲥϣⲏⲡ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲫⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϣⲁ ϯⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲉⲣⲁⲙⲉⲩⲥ ⲉϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ\nⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲙⲉⲛ ϣⲁϥⲉⲣⲥⲡⲟⲩⲇⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛϩⲁⲛ\nⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲗⲥⲱⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲍⲱⲅⲣⲁⲫⲓⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲫⲁϧⲣⲓ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲇⲉⲓⲡⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲁ\nⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ϣⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲉⲩϫⲁⲓⲱⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩϫⲟϫⲉⲃ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲛⲓⲙⲟⲕⲓ\nⲛⲫⲉⲛ ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓ (-ⲙ︦ⲑ︦-) ⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲫⲟ ⲙⲃⲉⲣⲓ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲧⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ϣⲁϥϭⲁⲥ ϯⲕⲁⲙⲓⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉϥϯ ⲭⲣⲱⲙ\nⲛⲱⲟⲩ. ⲁⲙⲏⲛ ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲥⲉⲗⲥⲱⲗ ϥⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲟⲛ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϫⲁⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧϫⲟϫⲉⲃ ϫⲉ\nⲡϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲡⲉ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲡⲓϣⲁⲛ ⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲉⲧⲥⲉⲗⲥⲱⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϯⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲁ","english":"He said also to the brother, \"Take for yourself likewise, my son, the likeness of the potter.\" When he had heard his father, he brought him up to a high place of rejoicing and a sacrifice prepared before God, which became an enkraton in the church until the completion of this age and the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\nAbba Macarius also said, \"Like the potter who sits and works on the clay first, he first strives to mold some vessels that are polished with some paintings of colors, so that they become honored in the dining rooms and banquets of the great, even into the order of the heretics of the church. After these, he molds some others that are coarse and rough, for the water jars and the seats of the new ships and without defect. After these, he lights the kiln of his fire for them. Amen, I say that just as he prays over those that are honored and polished, he also prays over those that are coarse and rough, for it is the work of his hands. In this same way, our Lord Jesus Christ, the one of the hours of the hard-hearted, the one who alone is the mother with his good father and the Holy Spirit, just as he rejoices over the one who is pure and polished in the purity of the progress of virtue and enkrateia.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ (from Greek αἱρετικοί) is rendered 'heretics' in the English draft, but the context of church order suggests it may refer to schismatic or heterodox groups within the church, not necessarily formal heretics.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ appears twice in this passage, first in reference to the church as an institution where the 'enkraton' (a liturgical vessel or offering) is placed, and later in the phrase 'order of the heretics of the church,' reflecting the institutional and communal sense of the word.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲫⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲫⲟⲛ (from Greek ἔγκρατον) is a liturgical term for a vessel or offering, possibly a eucharistic bread or container; the English draft renders it as 'enkraton,' but its precise referent in this context is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative of Abba Macarius's teaching, using a simile of a potter to illustrate spiritual formation. The structure moves from the potter's work on polished vessels to coarse ones, then to the kiln, and finally applies the analogy to Christ's care for both pure and impure souls.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'heretics of the church' may reflect later Coptic concerns about doctrinal purity and the integration of heterodox groups into the church, a theme common in monastic literature of the period.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ could be read as 'heretics' or 'schismatics'; the English draft chooses 'heretics' but the context of church order allows ambiguity.","The term ⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲫⲟⲛ is obscure; it may be a liturgical vessel or a type of offering, but its exact meaning is not certain.","The phrase 'the one of the hours of the hard-hearted' (ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ) is syntactically difficult; the English draft interprets it as a reference to Christ's ministry to the hard-hearted, but the Coptic may be corrupt or elliptical."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":40,"ref":"p40","source":"ϥⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲉϫⲉ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϫⲟϫⲉⲃ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲟⲛ ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲫⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϧ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲁϥϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲛⲁⲓ‐ (-ⲛ︦-) ⲙⲕⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ. ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲑⲁϩⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲛⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ\nⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲱⲛϧ ⲉⲣⲟϥ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲓⲣⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲧⲁⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲥⲉⲭⲏⲡ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲛⲧⲱⲥ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲗⲥⲉⲗ ⲛϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲧ ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲕ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛ\nϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲕ ⲙⲡϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲏⲧⲱⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲟϩⲗⲕ ⲙⲡⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲉⲗⲱⲛⲏⲥ ⲭⲛⲁⲱⲛϧ. ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲁ\nⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲃⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϯ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲓ\nⲁϥⲭⲁⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲓϫⲉⲙ ⲁⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ","english":"He rejoiced also over the receiving of the repentance of the one who stumbles, that is, the sinner, according to the manner that is written: \"There is a joy that will happen in heaven before the angels of God over a single sinner if he repents.\" He himself also said, \"I do not desire the death of the sinner, but his repentance and his life.\" For even he who took on this flesh and became for us a sacrifice in his own will. Because of this, in this manner, our father Jesus Christ also says, \"I did not come to hinder the righteous, but the sinners, for repentance.\"\n\nAbba Evagrius said, \"I went to Abba Macarius and said to him, 'Speak a word to me by which I may live.' He said to me, 'If I speak to you, will you listen and act?' I said to him, 'My faith and my love are not lacking toward you.' Abba Macarius said to me, 'Truly, according to the practice of virtue, we are weary. But it is good, if you have cast off from yourself the pride of the rhetoric of this world, and have clothed yourself in the humility of the tax collector, that you may live.' These things he said to me, and all my thoughts were loosened, and I gave repentance to him. He prayed over me and forgave me. And these were my ways, as I found grace with him, saying,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲁϣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ⲣⲁϣⲓ (rejoice) is used here in a theological sense: divine joy over a sinner's repentance, not human emotion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The saying attributed to Jesus ('I did not come to hinder the righteous, but the sinners, for repentance') is not canonical; it echoes a theme in early monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Evagrius (Evagrius Ponticus) was a prominent monastic theologian; his dialogue with Macarius here reflects the tradition of spiritual direction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ϣⲗⲏⲗ (pray) here includes a ritual act of intercession: Macarius prays over Evagrius and forgives him, blending prayer with absolution.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general saying on repentance to a personal narrative (Evagrius's visit), typical of the Sayings of the Desert Fathers genre.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ' could mean 'these things he said to me' or 'these things he cut off for me'; the reading 'said' is taken based on context.","The clause 'ⲁϥϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲛⲁⲓ‐ (-ⲛ︦-) ⲙⲕⲁϩ' is corrupt; the translation 'became for us a sacrifice' is conjectural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":41,"ref":"p41","source":"ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ϩⲏⲡ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲉϣⲁⲓⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ (-ⲛ︦ⲁ︦-) ϯϩⲉⲝⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ.\nⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ\nⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉϥϩⲓ ⲧⲱⲓⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁ\nⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ ⲛⲱⲛⲓ ϩⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲗⲓⲃⲓ ⲛⲕⲁϣ ϩⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲓ ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲩ.\nⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ\nⲉϥⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲁ ⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲩϯ ϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲫⲃⲱⲗ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲱ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲕⲁⲓ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲟϣϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲱϫ ⲛⲗⲁⲕϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫⲁⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲥ ϥⲟⲓ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲛⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ. ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛϥ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛϣⲱⲧ\nϯ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲛⲓ(-ⲛⲃ-) ⲧⲁⲙⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϥ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϫ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲛⲉⲙ","english":"They are not hidden from Apa Macarius, the man of God, and all the rest. When I would encounter him, I would be troubled because of the habit which I had received from him, and it became a humiliation for me.\n\nIt was said concerning Apa Macarius that he was traveling in Egypt once with some brothers. He heard one who was in distress crying out, saying, \"A stone rolled and fell upon me, a hut of straw fell upon me, I am dead.\"\n\nThe old man marveled at the saying, and when the brothers saw him marveling, they fell down at his feet, giving honor to him, saying, \"Tell us, our father, the interpretation of this saying.\" He, however, said to them, \"There is a great mystery in this saying, O my children. For the stone is an image of our Lord Jesus Christ, according to the manner that is written concerning him, that the stone which the lawless Jews broke, this became a cornerstone. That this happened through the Lord is a wonder in our eyes. This also is the true stone which the man of the desert, having given all the desires of his heart away, and this stone became within the inner chambers of his heart, he found it clinging like the ivy and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic retains the Greek-derived title ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) for Macarius, rendered as 'Apa' in the English draft. The term marks respect for a monastic elder.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲱⲛⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The stone imagery echoes Psalm 118:22 (LXX) and Acts 4:11, where the rejected stone becomes the cornerstone. The text explicitly cites 'the stone which the lawless Jews broke' as a type of Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛϣⲱⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the man of the desert' (ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛϣⲱⲧ) likely refers to the ascetic ideal of the desert father, renouncing worldly desires. This aligns with Macarius's own reputation as a hermit.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a narrative within a narrative: the initial encounter with Macarius frames a story of a distressed man's cry, which Macarius interprets allegorically for the brothers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Macarius calls the saying a 'great mystery' (ⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ), reflecting the Coptic monastic tradition of spiritual interpretation (anagogical reading) of everyday events.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ϩⲏⲡ ⲁⲛ (line 1) is read as 'they are not hidden' (referring to Macarius's virtues), but the subject is ambiguous; the English draft takes it as a general statement about Macarius's renown.","The phrase ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉⲥ (line 3) is read as 'which I had received from him' (the habit), but the antecedent of ⲥ (it) could be the habit or the encounter; the draft opts for the habit."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":42,"ref":"p42","source":"ⲡⲓⲛⲏⲛⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉϩ\nⲉⲡⲁⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ϥⲛⲁϭⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲭⲱ ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲉⲥϫⲟⲣ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ\nⲙⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲥⲓ\nⲉϩⲁⲛ ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲅⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲟϫⲓ ⲉϩⲁⲛ ϣⲉ ⲛⲕⲟⲩⲣ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡϣⲓⲡⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲑⲁϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲱⲛ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ\nϧⲁ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϩⲓϫⲱⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ\nϩⲁⲛ ϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲛ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲓ\nϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲑⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛϯⲁⲡⲁⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ.\nⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϩⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲁⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲁϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲉⲓ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ (-ⲛ︦︦ⲅ︦-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲉⲡ ϫⲱⲣⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲓⲁ\nⲛⲧⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϯ ϩⲑⲏϥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱϣ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ\nϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ\nϣⲁⲣⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲟⲩ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲉⲥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲑⲓϧⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓⲃⲱⲛ.","english":"The eternal one, that is, our Lord Jesus Christ. For the man who will keep this eternal one in his heart, he will receive a reward that is great in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ in the kingdom of the heavens forever. For our Lord Jesus Christ showed his face like a rock that is hard, according to the word of the apostle, who says, \"The rock is Christ.\" He gave his labor for stripes and his wounds for blows of the whip. But his face did not turn away from the shame of spitting, because our salvation is for men. And if our Lord Jesus Christ sits upon us through sicknesses because of his great love toward us, the soul becomes in immortality because of the purity of the dispassion that exists within the heart.\n\nThe devil himself is powerless like a shadow. And if he falls upon a man and takes hold of him strongly in his tyranny, and the man does not give heed to him, he will cry out against the goodness of God. But he will go up with the passions of the devil. The Spirit of God will withdraw from the man. Then the soul dies, even while it is in the body, because of the burden of the passions and their disturbance.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (Greek ἀγάπη) here denotes Christ's benevolent love, not the liturgical meal. The phrase 'his great love toward us' underscores divine compassion as the motive for suffering.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' in both occurrences. The second instance ('the soul dies, even while it is in the body') plays on the living person, but the text explicitly treats it as the immortal soul that can die spiritually.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the rock is Christ' echoes 1 Cor 10:4 (cf. 1 Cor 3:11 LXX), where Christ is identified as the spiritual rock. The Coptic text attributes this to 'the apostle' (Paul).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The devil is described as 'powerless like a shadow' and as a tyrant who seizes the soul. This reflects the ascetic anthropology of Evagrian and early Egyptian monasticism, where the devil is a real but ultimately impotent adversary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from Christ's eternal glory and suffering (lines 1–10) to the soul's response (lines 10–15) and then to the devil's attack and the soul's death (lines 15–22). The shift is marked by the adversative ⲇⲉ ('but') and the introduction of the devil.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'the eternal one' (ⲡⲓⲛⲏⲛⲓ) could refer to Christ or to the concept of eternity; the text identifies it as Christ. The reading 'the soul dies' (ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲟⲩ) is ambiguous: it may mean spiritual death (loss of grace) or literal death; the context favors spiritual death."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":43,"ref":"p43","source":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁ ϩⲑⲏⲕ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲕϫⲓ ⲛⲃⲉⲃⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲕϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲟⲕϥ ϣⲁⲣⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲫⲟⲧϩϥ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟⲥⲱⲡⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯ ϩⲑⲏⲕ ⲉⲡⲉⲕϫⲓ ⲛⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲣⲟϥ\nϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲕ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲧⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲛⲁⲇⲁⲙ\nⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲉⲓⲥⲟⲥ (-ⲛ︦ⲇ︦-) ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩϯ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲥⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲫⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϯⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲏ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲓϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ. ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲱⲛϧ ⲉⲣⲟϥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛϩ\nⲡⲓⲗⲉⲃⲁⲛ ⲉϯⲁⲛⲁⲓⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲛ\nⲛⲓϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϫⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲟⲙ ⲛϩⲁⲗⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲅⲛⲟⲫⲟⲥ\nⲛⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲫⲗⲏⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩ","english":"Abba Macarius the Great said, \"Take heed to this name of our Lord Jesus Christ in a certain manner of the heart, and take hold of him, drawing him out from your lips and drawing him to yourself, and do not let him slip from your face in your mind, but take heed to call upon him, saying, 'My Lord Jesus Christ, come to me,' and in a state of rest you will see the rest of his divinity within you, his chasing after the darkness of the passions that exist in you, his purification of the inner man according to the purity of Adam as he was in Paradise. This blessed name, which John the Evangelist called 'the light of the world' and 'the inextinguishable lamp, the food of life and the true one.'\"\n\nAbba Evagrius said, \"I went to Abba Macarius, being troubled by the thoughts and passions of the body. I said to him, 'Father, say a word to me by which I may live.' Abba Macarius said, 'Burn the incense of anointing, and by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ the ship will carry the demonic waves and the billows of this sea of brine, and the darkness of this world of passions.' I said to him, 'What is the ship, or what...'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek/Syriac address 'Abba' is retained in the Coptic text as a title for Macarius and Evagrius, reflecting monastic usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'light of the world' echoes John 8:12 and 1 John 2:8, where Christ is called the light; the Coptic text attributes it to John the Evangelist.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲉⲓⲥⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Adam in Paradise draws on the Genesis narrative (Gen 2:8-15) and is a common monastic trope for prelapsarian purity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Macarius's direct teaching to a narrative frame introduced by 'Abba Evagrius said', marking a new episode in the collection.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text breaks off mid-sentence with 'ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩ', leaving the question 'What is the ship, or what...' incomplete; the English draft supplies a conjectural completion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲛ (the ship will carry) is ambiguous: it may be a metaphor for Christ or the soul; the English draft interprets it as Christ's grace.","The text breaks off at the end; the exact continuation is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":44,"ref":"p44","source":"ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲗⲉⲃⲁⲛ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲧⲉ ϯⲁⲛⲁⲓⲱ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲡⲉⲕϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲓⲗⲉⲃⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲥⲟⲛϩϥ ⲉⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ϯⲁⲛⲁⲓⲱ ⲉⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϫⲟⲗ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲉⲧϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ. (-ⲛ︦ⲉ︦-) ⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲑⲙⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϫⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϣⲉ\nⲛⲛⲓϥⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ϯⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲧⲉⲃⲧ ⲥⲱⲛⲕ ⲛⲥⲁ ϯϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ ϥⲛⲁϫⲱⲗϫ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲙⲓ.\nⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϥⲛⲁϫⲱⲗϫ ⲙⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲉϥϫⲉⲃϣⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲉⲛⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲑⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ.\nⲁϥⲫⲓⲣⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲉⲛϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛⲁⲑⲛⲁⲓ\nⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲃⲱⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ\nⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲭⲁ ⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲫⲙⲟⲩ. ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ\nⲇⲉ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϯ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲓⲕ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nⲡⲓϩⲕⲟ ⲉⲧⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ (-ⲛⲋ-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲗⲁϫⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛⲁⲑⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲱϣ","english":"The frankincense, or the anoi. Abba Macarius said to me, \"The ship is your heart; guard it. The frankincense is your mind; bind it to the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is the anoi that protects us from all the snares and the diabolical illusions that attack the holy ones.\" For what shall we say, according to the hundred of the virtues? \"My Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me; my Lord Jesus Christ, help me.\" And if the serpent pursues the illusion, it will be confounded without understanding. But we, if we persist in this name of salvation of our Lord Jesus Christ, it will confound the devil and his wiles because of what he does to us. But we will know his weakness, that the help is from our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\nAbba Macarius also marveled once when the brothers asked him about mercy. The old man said to them, \"There was a merciful archon in a city, and a famine occurred in that city, so that the people despaired of life. The archon, a man gave his donkey to him to transport bread for him because of the hunger within him. And because of his humility, he went in to that merciful archon with great pains and troubles.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'bless' per the pinned glossary, but here the object is God, so the sense is 'praise'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲗⲉⲃⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲗⲉⲃⲁⲛ (frankincense) is a metaphor for the mind, paralleling the heart as a ship. The term is drawn from liturgical imagery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲁⲛⲁⲓⲱ","severity":"info","text":"ϯⲁⲛⲁⲓⲱ (the anoi) is a Greek loanword (ἀνοία) meaning 'folly' or 'senselessness', but here it is redefined as a protective force, likely a wordplay.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The ship (ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ) as a metaphor for the heart is common in early monastic literature, evoking the soul's voyage through passions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a direct saying of Abba Macarius to a narrative about a merciful archon, introduced by ⲁϥⲫⲓⲣⲓ (he marveled). This marks a new exemplum.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'diabolical illusions' (ⲛⲓϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ) is ambiguous: it may refer to demonic deceptions or to the illusions of the devil himself. The Coptic allows both.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker 'to me' (ⲛⲏⲓ) is unclear; it may be a disciple or a literary device.","The phrase 'according to the hundred of the virtues' (ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϣⲉ ⲛⲛⲓϥⲓ) is obscure; it may refer to a known collection of sayings or a numerical scheme."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":45,"ref":"p45","source":"ⲛⲟⲩⲑⲟ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲱⲓⲕ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲁϭⲛⲉ ⲫⲉⲛ ⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϯⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ. ⲛϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ\nⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉϥⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛⲁⲑⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲝⲁⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲁⲩⲱⲗⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲕ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ\nⲉⲡϫⲓ ⲛϩⲓⲧⲥ ⲉⲛⲓⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁϣⲓ ⲉⲉⲣⲧⲓⲙⲱⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ\nⲉⲩⲥⲱⲕ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲑⲛⲁⲓ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ ⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ\nⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲡⲓϣⲁⲛ ⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲫⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲗϫ ⲛⲛⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲣⲉϥⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲓⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧ- (-ⲛ︦ⲍ︦-) ϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϩⲕⲟ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲛⲑⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲫⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ ϯⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ. ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲛⲏⲫⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲙⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛϯⲥⲙⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉⲥ\nⲉⲩⲥⲱⲕ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲛⲓⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲏⲓϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲉⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲫⲟⲛϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲕⲟⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁϣⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲡⲟⲥⲱ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲁⲓϫⲱⲣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","english":"In the same way, he gave the bread to the man, but without blood. And the day of the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ, the holy Theotokos Mary, is the day of the nativity. In that place, the ruler of that place, who was without mercy, suddenly took his soul out of his body and dragged it to the place of punishment, where they torment it without mercy. And while they were dragging it in a merciless manner, a voice came from the one who is the healer of the sorrowful, the only one, our Lord Jesus Christ, our true God, the redeemer of sins and the forgiver of iniquities, saying, \"Return this soul to its body again because of the bread that it gave to the one who was hungry, but rather because of the day of the birth of the one who brought me into the world, Mary the Virgin.\" And when he awoke from death, he remembered the voice that he had heard while being dragged to the punishments, and he said, \"If it is a single bread that I gave in anger, and the blood that I shed, did my Lord Jesus Christ return me from the punishments? Or rather, if I had persevered...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek title Θεοτόκος is retained in the Coptic, emphasizing the doctrinal point of Mary as God-bearer, not merely 'Mother of God'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Here ⲯⲩⲭⲏ means 'soul' as the animating principle that is separated from the body in death, consistent with ascetic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ refers to the physical body as the site of struggle, from which the soul is taken and to which it is returned.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative of a soul being dragged to punishment and then returned due to an act of charity (giving bread) echoes themes in the Apocalypse of Paul and other early Christian visionary literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a simile (the bread given without blood) to a visionary account of judgment and redemption, then to a reflection on the nativity of Christ and Mary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text contains a lacuna after ⲉⲧ- (-ⲛ︦ⲍ︦-) and the phrase 'ϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϩⲕⲟ' is obscure; the English draft interprets it as 'the one who was hungry', but the exact reading is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the ruler of that place' is unclear; it may refer to a local magistrate or a demonic figure. The phrase 'ϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϩⲕⲟ' is ambiguous; the reading 'the one who was hungry' is adopted, but the Coptic may be corrupt."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ","text":"ⲑⲉⲟⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ → “Theotokos”. Greek Θεοτόκος. Where the Coptic keeps the Greek title, it is kept rather than replaced by 'Mother of God' — the title is the point of the sentence."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","text":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ → “virgin”. Greek παρθένος. In Marian texts the technical sense is fixed; the non-technical 'young woman' belongs to Greek, not to the Coptic usage."}]},{"i":46,"ref":"p46","source":"ⲡⲉ ⲛⲛⲁϩⲩⲡⲁⲣⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲙ ϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϣ ⲙⲙⲁⲓⲏ.\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲁϥϫⲱⲣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϩⲟⲩⲟ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲧⲉϥϯ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲓⲙⲏ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲏⲕⲓ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϫⲱⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲁϥⲑⲁϩⲙⲉϥ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲡⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nϧⲉⲛ ϯⲗⲉⲓⲧⲟⲩⲣⲅⲓⲁ ⲉϥϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦.\n(-ⲛ︦ⲏ︦-) ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϫⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ\nⲉϥϣⲧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥⲉⲣⲡⲣⲟⲧⲓⲙⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ\nⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲓϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲁⲩϩⲟⲗⲙⲉⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲛⲓⲙ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣⲁⲙⲁ ⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϣⲁ ⲅ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲛⲁⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲓⲙⲟϩ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲉⲣ ⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ.","english":"He was with all the hyparchontas, and they found more abundance. And in this way, he would pour out in a greater measure, even entering into his body, giving himself entirely to a state of servitude, giving his honor to the poor and the works. And in these things, the good man saw his upright intention, and he brought him into the order of the eratical of the church, so that he might be worthy of the episcopacy, and he fulfilled the liturgy, giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\nAbba Macarius said, \"I found an old man suffering in his illness. The old man, however, was a protiman of the name of salvation and blessedness of our Lord Jesus Christ. I was still asking him about his health, and he said to me with joy, 'I still remember the nourishment of life and the sweet name of the holy name of our Lord Jesus Christ.' A vision was revealed in the dream of the king Christ, like a Nazorean. He said to me three times, 'See, see that it is I, and there is no other besides me.' And after these things, I was filled with great joy, so that I forgot the pain.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The speaker is Abba Macarius, the monastic authority whose sayings structure the work. The Coptic retains the Greek-derived title ⲁⲃⲃⲁ, indicating his role as a spiritual father.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ here refers to the body as the site of ascetic struggle, consistent with the glossary note for ascetic literature. The phrase 'entering into his body' suggests total self-giving.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ here denotes the institutional church, as the context involves ordination to the episcopacy and liturgical service.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Nazorean' (ⲛⲁⲍⲱⲣⲁⲓⲟⲥ) is an early Christian designation for Jesus, derived from Nazareth. Its use here in a vision emphasizes Christ's identity and authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from third-person narrative about a virtuous man to a first-person saying by Abba Macarius, introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ. This dialogue structure is typical of the genre.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'order of the eratical' (ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ) is obscure; ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ may be a corruption or variant of ⲉⲣⲏⲙⲓⲧⲏⲥ (hermit) or ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ (priestly). The sense is that the man was admitted to a clerical or monastic rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the good man' who brings the subject into the church order is unclear; it may be a bishop or a monastic superior.","The phrase 'ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲅⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ' is ambiguous; it could refer to a priestly order or a monastic rank.","The vision of 'the king Christ' as a Nazorean is not fully explained; it may allude to a specific Christological title or a local tradition."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":47,"ref":"p47","source":"ⲙⲟⲥϯ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥϯ ϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲛⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲥⲛⲟⲩϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲧ\nⲉϥϥⲁⲓ ϧⲁ ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϣⲱϣ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲁ ⲫϯ ϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϣⲓⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲓ ⲉⲭⲏⲙⲓ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥϧⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲧ ⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ\nⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲃⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲥⲉⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲁϫⲱϥ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ.......\nⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ϩⲱϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛϩⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ\nⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ ⲉϥⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ϯⲙⲉϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛϣⲱϣ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲁϫⲱϥ ⲙⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲓⲛⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲑⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲁⲙⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nⲁϣ ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲉϥϣⲓⲡⲓ. (-ⲝ︦ⲁ︦-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲧ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ\nⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϯ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲙⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ\nⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥϯ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲡ\nⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ\nⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲁϥϥⲁⲓ","english":"He hated himself, giving thanks to him at all times, calling him, \"The brother of the face of the brothers.\" And he spent twelve years in the desert, suffering under this great hardship. Afterwards, God revealed the matter to Apa Macarius in a dream, and Apa Macarius went to Egypt so that he might see the brother. And when he arrived at the desert, all the brothers gathered together with some reeds, so that they might go out before Apa Macarius. The brother also rejoiced, saying, \"There is no one more shameless than I am, nor one who would oppose the old man, for I am full of hardship, as you yourselves have seen me.\" And when the brothers withdrew from before the old man, he greeted them one by one, and not seeing the brother, he asked, \"Where has he gone?\" And the brothers told him, \"For what reason did he not meet you, being ashamed?\" (61) And when Apa Macarius heard, he smiled and went in to the desert. The brother, however, met him in humility and gave repentance to the old man. In this way, Apa Macarius also gave repentance to the brother, and they received each other's hands. Apa Macarius said to the brothers, \"Neither I nor you are as worthy as this one, for not only did he suffer...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the brother of the face of the brothers' is a Coptic idiom for a brother who is the foremost or representative among the brethren, possibly implying a leader or exemplar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'desert' (ⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲧ) in Coptic monastic literature often refers to the inner desert of Scetis, a key location for early Egyptian monasticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"(-ⲝ︦ⲁ︦-)","severity":"info","text":"The number 61 in the margin marks a section division, typical of Coptic manuscripts to aid reading or liturgical use.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ (metanoia) means 'repentance' or 'change of heart,' a central concept in Christian ascetic theology, often linked to humility and reconciliation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Apa Macarius is likely Macarius the Great, a foundational figure in Egyptian monasticism; this story reinforces his role as a discerning elder who values humility over status.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The verb ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ is a Greek infinitive used as a finite verb; the Coptic text may show scribal variation in handling Greek loan verbs, but the sense 'he greeted' is clear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the brother' is not specified; he may be a known figure or a generic exemplar of humility.","The phrase 'ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ' could be interpreted as a title or a descriptive epithet; the exact nuance is uncertain.","The passage ends mid-sentence; the Coptic text may be incomplete or the next folio is missing."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":48,"ref":"p48","source":"ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϣⲱϣ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲕⲉⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲟϥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲁⲫⲉ.\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗⲉ ⲉⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁϥϩⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲁ ⲛⲓϣⲱϣ ⲉⲣ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲙⲉⲧϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ ⲓⲉ\nⲡⲓⲟⲥⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲓⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲩⲟⲥⲑⲉⲛ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓϣⲉⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲓⲉ ⲭⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲭⲛⲁⲱⲛϧ (-ⲝ︦ⲃ︦-)\nⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲩⲛⲉⲓⲇⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲁⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲉⲛⲕ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲣⲉϥϩⲓⲡ ϩⲟ\nⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ϯϯ ϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ\nϧⲁ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϭⲓ ϣϣⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϩⲓⲛⲁ\nⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ⲉϩϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲃ︦ ⲁⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲉⲧϭⲓ ⲉϯⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲏ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ\nⲥⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲙⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ","english":"Under the great hardship, but the other brother placed it upon his head. And Abba Macarius established him in his place. He himself, the brother, placed his burden upon himself, and he withdrew from that wicked heart, not establishing himself against it. Abba Macarius said, \"If the hardships have done such honor to you, and poverty like wealth, or haste like leisure, or agitation like rest, or the fleshly things like the strangers, you will not die, but you will live. Guard your conscience and your heart, and be outside of all hidden things.\"\n\nAbba Macarius the Great said, \"I give glory to you, my brothers, for those who receive the salvation of their souls and the help of souls, so that you do not give evil for evil, and that on this day I have brought strangers to the good things of God.\"\n\nAbba Macarius also said, \"The path that leads to Gehenna: fasting draws one to it, meditation draws one to it, charity draws one to it, discipline draws one to it.\" And the brothers said to him, \"Does humility also draw one to it, our father?\" He said, \"True humility does not.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses the Greek-derived title ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (abba) for Macarius, a standard honorific in monastic literature. The glossary renders it as 'Abba'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The brother's act of placing the burden on his head and then withdrawing from the 'wicked heart' illustrates a theme of self-abasement and avoidance of pride, central to the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ (Gehenna) is a Greek loanword from the New Testament (e.g., Matthew 5:22), referring to the place of punishment. Its use here aligns with monastic warnings about spiritual practices leading to damnation if done without humility.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of practices (fasting, meditation, charity, discipline) that can lead to Gehenna reflects a common monastic trope: ascetic works are worthless without inner humility. This is a key teaching in the Sayings of the Desert Fathers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains three sayings of Abba Macarius, each introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ, forming a tripartite structure typical of apophthegmata collections.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at the end of the first saying is partially corrupt (ⲭⲛⲁⲱⲛϧ (-ⲝ︦ⲃ︦-)), with a numeral or abbreviation that may indicate a page break or lacuna. The reading 'you will not die, but you will live' is conjectural.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the other brother' (ⲡⲓⲕⲉⲛⲟⲃⲓ) is unclear; it may refer to a different monk or to the same brother mentioned in the previous passage.","The phrase 'ⲭⲛⲁⲱⲛϧ (-ⲝ︦ⲃ︦-)' is ambiguous due to the numeral; it may be a scribal note or a damaged word."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":49,"ref":"p49","source":"ⲉϫⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱⲕ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ϫⲉ ⲭⲱ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲡⲉ\nⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲁϥϫⲉϫ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ\nⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲉⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲁⲙⲉⲗⲏⲥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲁⲙ\nⲛⲛⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲁⲅⲟⲣⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲁⲩϣϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲛϣⲱⲡ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉϯ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ (-ⲝ︦ⲅ︦-) ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲩϫⲉ ⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲟϫ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲱϣ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲑⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗϩ ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲟ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁϣⲑⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥ. ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲁⲣⲉϩ ϧⲉⲛ ϫⲓ ⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ\nϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲓ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ϯⲫⲁϣⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲣⲁϣ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ϯⲕⲉⲫⲁϣⲓ\nⲉⲕϯ ⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲙⲁ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲑⲏϣ ϣⲁ ⲁϫⲡ ⲑ̄ϯ\nⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ϥⲛⲁϭⲓ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ ⲉⲓⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓϥ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲉⲗϫ\nⲕⲉⲗⲓ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲟⲩⲉⲣⲙⲏ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϫⲟϥ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲗⲁⲭⲓⲥⲧⲟⲛ ⲛϩⲱⲃ","english":"not say, \"Leave me alone, the path of God.\"  \nA heart that has renounced its own will in all things that draw it, then  \nhe who thinks to prepare himself, not to be negligent toward him, the gates  \nof the marketplace have not been opened, nor have they found strength to say, \"Neither do I  \ngo out\" (63). Neither did they open, saying, \"The tears of the virgin, those that flow  \nto make me weep, and they cry out at the gate, those that have been shut against them because of their negligence.\" Then keep, in every keeping, whether you sit  \nin the street or you lie in the midst of men.  \nHe also said, \"Let the half of the evening rejoice in your service, the other half  \nyou give rest to your body.\" He also said, \"The frequent fast until evening is  \nGod, and he who does more will receive more reward.\"  \nHe also said, our righteous father, the great Abba Macarius, \"The deeds of each one of them are not all written, whether a service or an additional prayer, that one may do, or an additional  \nbending of the knee, or an additional vigil, or an additional fast, or a good word that one may say to his brother, or a very small thing.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba' (ⲁⲃⲃⲁ) is a Greek/Syriac address for a monastic elder, retained in the Coptic text. Here it introduces a saying attributed to the great Abba Macarius.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ϣⲗⲏⲗ means 'to pray'. In this passage it appears in the phrase 'ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ' (a time of prayer), referring to an additional prayer as a monastic practice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a series of sayings introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ (he said), typical of the apophthegmata genre. The final saying is attributed explicitly to Abba Macarius, framing the preceding as his teaching.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'the tears of the virgin' and 'the gate' reflects a monastic trope of lamentation and exclusion, possibly alluding to the idea of the soul as a virgin shut out from grace due to negligence.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉϯ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ (-ⲝ︦ⲅ︦-) includes a numeral (63) that may be a marginal note or a scribal insertion; its function is unclear and may not be part of the original saying.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The saying about fasting and reward ('he who does more will receive more reward') reflects a common monastic emphasis on ascetic merit, later influential in Coptic hagiography and spiritual instruction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numeral (63) in the Coptic may be a marginal note or a scribal insertion; its function is unclear.","The phrase 'the tears of the virgin' could refer to a specific allegorical figure or a lost scriptural allusion."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":50,"ref":"p50","source":"ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣⲁ (-ⲝ︦ⲇ︦-) ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲛϫⲓϫ\nⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲱⲛ ⲙⲙⲏⲛⲓ. ⲙⲫⲱⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ\nⲛⲁϥⲉϫ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲥⲱⲙⲁ. ⲙⲓϣⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲉⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲥⲱ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲏ\nⲉⲧⲁⲩϯ ⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϯ ⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲣⲱ ⲡⲉ. ⲙⲫⲱⲣ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲁⲧⲁϫⲣⲉ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϩⲓ ϫⲉ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ\nⲛⲁⲁⲓⲥ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲧϥ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲙ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲑⲛⲏⲟⲩ. ⲫⲱⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧϥⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ.\nⲉϥⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (-ⲝ︦ⲉ︦-) ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϯⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ ⲙⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲁⲅⲁⲡⲁⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ\nϯⲙⲟⲥϯ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲙⲟⲥϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ϯⲉⲣⲁⲅⲁⲡⲁⲛ","english":"Each one will do it for God, and they will enter into the work of the hand. They are all written for the brotherhood continually. But our father, our savior, will tell you nothing of yourselves. All the labors that each one will do, they will reveal them to you at the time when you come out of the body. Strive, then, my children; do not despise a multitude of eaters and drinkers and sleepers, whose heart does not consume them. Do not say, \"They have given them pain, and those to whom they have not given pain.\" It is the same with them also. Our father, my children, strengthen yourselves upon the faith of the land, that you may enter into a small polity, which each one will do, or take it by force in his taking of food. All the various labors that you will do more, you will find them all revealed to you from the coming eternity. Flee, then, my children, into the labor and love it; let it be sweet to you in great humility of heart exceedingly. Apa Macarius spoke once in a village with some brothers; he heard a small child saying to his mother, \"My mother, there is a rich man who loves me; he loves me. I also hate him. There is a poor man who hates me; I also love him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ here refers to the body as the site of ascetic struggle, consistent with the pinned glossary definition for this work.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is retained in the translation as a title for Macarius, following the fixed rendering in the glossary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ (politeia) in monastic literature denotes a disciplined way of life or ascetic regimen, not a political entity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from direct exhortation to a narrative anecdote about Abba Macarius overhearing a child, illustrating the theme of paradoxical love and hate.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲫⲱⲣ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲫⲱⲣ (our father) appears twice; the referent may be Macarius or Christ, but the context suggests Macarius as the speaker addressing his disciples.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'faith of the land' (ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϩⲓ) is ambiguous: it may mean faith in the earthly realm or a specific local tradition.","The child's saying about the rich and poor man is elliptical; the moral is left implicit, possibly contrasting worldly love with ascetic renunciation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":51,"ref":"p51","source":"ⲙⲙⲟϥ. ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ\nⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ⲕⲉⲣ\nϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲓϧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ. ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥⲕⲱⲗϩ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧ\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲱ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϯ ⲙⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ\nⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩϯ ϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲉⲣⲁⲅⲁⲡⲁⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ\nⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲡⲉⲛϫⲁϫⲓ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲙⲟⲥϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲁⲅⲁⲡⲁⲛ ⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲱϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲥⲱϫⲡ ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ.\n(-ⲝ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲥϣⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲏ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲫⲃⲓⲟⲥ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ\nⲉⲑⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓ ⲏⲡⲓ\nⲛⲛⲓϫⲁⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲉⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲥ ⲉϥϫⲫⲓⲟ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲣⲁⲟⲩⲱ\nⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁⲕⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓ ⲫⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ\nϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟϣⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲛⲁⲇⲟⲕⲓⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲙⲉϩ ⲙⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲉⲧϫⲓ\nⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ ⲉⲩⲙⲉϩ ⲛⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣϭⲛⲏⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲛⲛⲏ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉϥϫⲱ","english":"of him. When the holy Apa Macarius heard these things, he marveled greatly, and the brothers said to him, \"What is this saying, our father, that you marvel at it in this entire manner?\" But the old man was groaning in his heart's distress, saying, \"Oh, that there is a great mystery in this saying.\" They, however, pressed him, saying, \"Tell us about it.\" And he said to them, \"Truly, my children, the Lord is a rich man, and he loves us; but we do not wish to listen to him. Our enemy, however, the devil, is a poor man, and he hates us; yet we love his deceits and his evil and his shameful desires and the corruption of his pleasures.\"\n\n(66) Apa Macarius the Great said, \"It is fitting for the one who has renounced the world and entered into the monastic life to remember the apostolic saying of the holy apostle, who received the wounds of evil, having spoken in this manner as if giving birth to those who have become foolish among them, saying, 'In receiving the thorns from the path of virtue and stripping them of the grace of the Holy Spirit, they became reprobate, filled with every wickedness and every evil and injustice, filled with envy and murder and slander and the fulfillment of all those things which he enumerated in this place,' and he added the word in this manner, saying...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses the Greek-derived title ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) for Macarius, rendered as 'Apa' in the English draft. The glossary mandates 'Abba' for ⲁⲃⲃⲁ, but the draft inconsistently uses 'Apa' (a Coptic variant). The fixed term is 'Abba'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The passage cites 'the holy apostle' and echoes 2 Corinthians 11:23–24 (the 'thorns' and 'path of virtue' motif) and possibly 1 Timothy 6:10 (the 'rich man' metaphor for God). The Coptic phrase 'ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁⲕⲟⲩ' ('in receiving the thorns') alludes to the apostle's trials.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The devil is described as 'poor' (ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲓ) in contrast to God as 'rich' (ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ). This reflects a Coptic monastic trope: the devil's poverty is spiritual, lacking virtue, while God's riches are grace. The term ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ is a Greek loanword common in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is divided by a marginal note (-ⲝ︦ⲋ︦-) marking a new saying (66). The first part is a narrative dialogue; the second is a direct discourse by Macarius. The Coptic ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ('he said') introduces a formal teaching, typical of apophthegmata collections.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Macarius the Great (c. 300–390 CE) is a central figure in Coptic monastic literature. This passage, from the 'Virtues of Macarius', is part of a hagiographic cycle that circulated in Coptic and was later translated into Arabic and Ethiopic. The numbering (66) suggests a structured collection of sayings.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ ('the apostolic saying') is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific Pauline verse or a general apostolic tradition. The English draft adds 'of the holy apostle' but the Coptic does not specify which apostle. The reading 'apostolic saying' is retained, but the referent is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'holy apostle' in the second saying is not specified in the Coptic; the draft assumes Paul, but the text only says 'the holy apostle'.","The marginal note (-ⲝ︦ⲋ︦-) may indicate a section number (66) or a scribal mark; its exact function is unclear.","The phrase 'ⲡⲓⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ' could be a corruption or variant of 'ⲡⲓⲣⲏⲧⲣⲟⲛ' (rhetor) or 'ⲡⲓⲣⲏⲧⲟⲛ' (saying); the reading 'apostolic saying' follows the draft but is not certain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":52,"ref":"p52","source":"ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲥⲉⲙϣⲁ ⲙⲫⲙⲟⲩ. ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϯϯ ϩⲟ\nⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲁϯ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲉⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲗⲁⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ϯⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲛϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ\nⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲩⲓⲣⲓ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ (-ⲝ︦ⲍ︦-) ⲛⲉϥⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ϥⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲣⲱ ⲱ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲛⲁϩϯ ⲇⲉ ϯⲥⲕⲉⲡⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲁⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ\nⲛⲉϥϫⲟⲣϫⲥ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲧϣⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ\nⲉϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ\nⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁϥ ⲉⲗⲉⲗⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧⲉⲫⲗⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲓ\nⲛⲭⲱ ⲛⲁϥ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲣ ⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉϥⲙⲏⲛ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϭⲓ ϩⲣⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁ\nϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲉⲉⲣⲟⲛⲟⲭⲗⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ\nⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲫⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲓⲟϯ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲡⲥⲟⲗⲥⲉⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲩⲅⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲉϥⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥ (-ⲝ︦ⲏ︦-) ϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","english":"of him. When the holy Apa Macarius heard these things, he marveled greatly, and the brothers said to him, \"What is this saying, our father, that you marvel at it in this entire manner?\" But the old man was groaning in his heart and said, \"Those who do these things in this manner are worthy of death. Because of this, I give heed to you, O my beloved children, in the Lord: watch over your tongue from speaking out in slander and from every thought that makes us strangers to the King Christ. For the devil himself also rejoices, O my children, over those who fall into his hands, together with his seventy-two demon companions. But I trust that the protection of God will watch over you from his snares.\"\n\nAbba Macarius the Great said, \"It is fitting for the monk to sit in his cell, gathering himself inward, not casting his care upon any of the affairs of the world, nor letting himself be distracted by the pleasures of this age, but to be in a single purpose, which is the taking up of himself for the remembrance of God alone at all times, continually from within him every hour, with a joy that does not receive, and to let nothing of the earth disturb his heart, neither the thought of his flesh nor the care of his parents nor the consolation of any relatives, but to be thus in his mind and all his senses, as if he stands before God, so that in this he might complete the eighty.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses the Greek loanword ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (ho diabolos) for 'the devil', a standard term in monastic literature for the adversary of the monk's spiritual life.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The nomen sacrum ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (ⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ) refers to Christ as King (ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ), echoing the New Testament title 'King Christ' (e.g., 1 Tim 1:15).","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉϥⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'seventy-two demon companions' (ⲛⲉϥⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣ) reflects a tradition, possibly from the Life of Antony or other monastic sources, that the devil commands a host of 72 demons.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Macarius' warning to a new saying introduced by 'Abba Macarius the Great said', marking a distinct unit within the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲧⲉϥ (-ⲝ︦ⲏ︦-) ϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"caution","text":"The final phrase 'complete the eighty' (ⲛⲧⲉϥ (-ⲝ︦ⲏ︦-) ϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ) is obscure; the number 80 may refer to a monastic rule, a spiritual stage, or a textual corruption. The reading is tentative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba Macarius the Great' (ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ) identifies the speaker as Macarius of Egypt, a central figure in Coptic monastic tradition, whose sayings were widely transmitted.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The number 80 in 'complete the eighty' is unclear; it may be a scribal error or a reference to a lost monastic practice.","The phrase 'with a joy that does not receive' (ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϭⲓ ϩⲣⲁϥ) is ambiguous; it may mean 'without receiving joy' or 'with a joy that does not accept distraction'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":53,"ref":"p53","source":"ⲙⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ϯⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲥⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϭⲓ ϩⲣⲁϥ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲧⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲉⲥⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲑⲁ ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ\nⲙⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲧⲁϩⲛⲟ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲟϩⲓ\nⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲑⲟ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲥϣⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϥⲛⲁϫⲱⲕ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲛϩⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ϫⲟⲗϥ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲱⲗⲓ ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲥⲱϥ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϭⲓ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲁϯ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ϩⲓⲛⲁ\nⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲥ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲑⲁ ⲛⲓⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ (-ⲝ︦ⲑ︦-) ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲥϣⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲑⲱⲗⲉⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲩⲓ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲃⲉⲣⲃⲉⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ","english":"of the word of the apostle which says, \"So that the virgin might be continually well-pleasing to the Lord in complete joy.\"  \nAbba Macarius also said, \"The order of the monk is equal to that of the angels, just as the angels stand before the Lord at all times. There is nothing of earthly things that hinders them from standing before Him. In like manner, the monk also ought to be thus at all times in his life. This one, then, who does this will fulfill the word of our Savior, which commands that each one deny himself and take up the cross and follow after Him. In this way, you also, take a little force, O my beloved children, so that you may generate for yourselves virtue alone. For it is written, 'The kingdom of the heavens belongs to those who take force.'\"  \nAbba Macarius the Great said, \"It is fitting for the monk to be pure, free from every passion of the flesh and every disturbance, and not to let his thoughts come down with evil thoughts at all, but to be steadfast in the spirit at all times.\"  \nAbba Macarius also said, \"The monk is a stranger.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword παρθένος is rendered 'virgin' in accordance with the fixed glossary; here it refers to the ideal of perpetual virginity in the monastic life, not a young woman.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'take up the cross and follow after Him' echoes the synoptic saying of Jesus (e.g., Matthew 16:24). The cross here is the instrument of martyrdom and ascetic self-denial, not a devotional object.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'the Great' (ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ) distinguishes this Macarius from other figures of the same name, likely Macarius of Egypt (c. 300–390 CE), a foundational figure in Coptic monasticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a series of three sayings attributed to Abba Macarius, each introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ, forming a coherent discourse on monastic discipline and angelic imitation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The comparison of the monk's order to that of the angels (ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ) is a common topos in early Egyptian monastic literature, found also in the Apophthegmata Patrum.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϫⲟⲛⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'take a little force' (ϭⲓ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ) is ambiguous: it may mean 'exert a little effort' or 'endure a little violence' (ascetic self-compulsion). The translation opts for the former, but the latter is possible in context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'take a little force' (ϭⲓ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ) is ambiguous between 'exert effort' and 'endure violence'; the translation adopts the former.","The identity of the 'apostle' quoted at the beginning is not specified; it may refer to Paul or another apostolic figure."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":54,"ref":"p54","source":"ⲉⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉϯ ⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲣⲏϯ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉϥⲟϣ ⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲡⲓⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ\nⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲛϯⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲅⲏ ⲛⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩϫⲧ ⲡⲉ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲓⲥⲙⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲓϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥϯⲡⲓ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲏⲥⲁⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉϥⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ. (-ⲟ̄-)ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ\nⲡⲉϥⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ\nⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲑⲱⲣ ⲛⲗⲁϥ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓ ⲥⲟⲗⲥⲉⲗ\nⲡⲉ ⲉϥϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲓⲟⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϩⲑⲱⲣ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓ ⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲕⲙⲉⲕ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲑⲛⲏⲟⲩ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛϯϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ ⲧⲉϥϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ","english":"to cause him to be a stranger to himself, it is to give pain to his brother in any way. Abba Macarius the Great also said, \"A time is coming, there is a severe labor that will overtake those who work on the practical life, so that they will do the washing of renunciation and continence, and the king of that time will turn against them to seize them.\" The brothers said to him, \"What kind of king is that?\" Abba Macarius said to them, \"It is a tyrant, along with the Ishmaelites, the offspring of his wife, some from Esau. The king of us is our Lord Jesus Christ, his people also are virtue and purity and cleanness of the soul and the body. The king of the earth, his seizure is from our king of heaven, Christ the true God, and he himself, the king of the earth, is a lover of wealth, a lover of silver, and a lover of pleasure, like the male horses of a woman, a lover of deceit, serving the women and the male horses like gods, a lover of passion in all his works, being proud and hoping for the things of the earth and thinking of the things of the earth, that they will also be for him in the coming eternity, because of the multitude of pleasure that is in him, and he will exercise his power to seize.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' here, but in other contexts may mean 'life' for the living person.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ('the king') is used both for the earthly tyrant and for Christ, creating a deliberate contrast.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲓⲥⲙⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Ishmaelites (ⲛⲓⲓⲥⲙⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ) are identified as offspring of Esau, reflecting a traditional genealogical link between Arabs and Esau in Christian lore.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts two kings: the earthly tyrant (lover of wealth, pleasure, deceit) and Christ, the true king of heaven, whose people embody virtue and purity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓϩⲑⲱⲣ ⲛⲗⲁϥ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'male horses of a woman' (ⲛⲓϩⲑⲱⲣ ⲛⲗⲁϥ ⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ) is obscure; it may be a corruption or a metaphor for lust, but the exact sense is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'king of that time' is ambiguous: it may refer to a historical persecutor (e.g., an Arab ruler) or an eschatological figure.","The phrase 'male horses of a woman' is unclear; the reading taken is that it denotes a lover of pleasure, but the Coptic may be corrupt."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":55,"ref":"p55","source":"ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ϥⲛⲁϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲁⲩϩ ⲙⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ\nϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲩⲟϣ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲧⲉⲕⲱⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲓ ⲁϭⲛⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁⲛ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲓⲟϯ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ.\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ (-ⲟ︦ⲁ︦-) ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ\nⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲭⲁ ⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲙⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ. ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ\nⲉϥϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲩⲫⲩⲏⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ\nⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛϫⲓϫ ⲉⲩⲟϣ ⲡⲓϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓϯ ⲛⲁⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲑⲗⲱⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥⲓⲟⲛ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲕⲱϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁⲣⲕⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲛϯⲁⲡⲁⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϥ ϩⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲓⲟϯ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲡϣⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛϯⲙⲟⲑⲛⲉⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡⲓⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲉⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲣⲁϧⲧ\nⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ ϩⲁⲛ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nϩⲁⲛ ϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲉⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ","english":"over the whole earth in a disturbance, he will tyrannize him in the midst of the earth, he will burn the earth with two kinds of vipers, with severe labors, with afflictions, and not even the king Christ. And the brothers said to him, \"What will happen to the fathers of that time?\" Apa Macarius said to them, \"They will be greatly troubled, so that some will let their hands fall and will wash the taking of the angelic life because of the love of silver. Our Lord Jesus Christ will protect them from them, looking at their choice; they will be natural in a gathering inward with severe handiworks, the taking and the giving will be many among them, like the worldly because of the greed for public things; they will seek the fleshly to wash the apatheia; he who will find it among the fathers of that time, being pure for eating and drinking beyond measure because of the abundance of the disturbance, and he will guard his body from the fornication of the world and the love of silver, and he will not judge those who are weak among them; they will be blessed before the king of glory Christ, and they are births of the gospel, and they are heirs of the eternal life.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here is the ascetic site of struggle, not a corpse; the passage urges guarding it from fornication.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲁⲑⲉⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲡⲁⲑⲉⲓⲁ (apatheia) is a Greek loanword denoting passionlessness, a key ascetic ideal; here it is paradoxically 'washed' by seeking the fleshly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The nomen sacrum ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (Christ) appears twice; the phrase 'king of glory Christ' echoes doxological formulas (cf. Ps 24:8 LXX).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ (eternal life) is a standard eschatological reward in monastic literature, contrasting with the worldly disturbances described.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a prophetic warning (king tyrannizing) to a question by the brothers, then to Macarius' response detailing ascetic trials and final blessedness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'washing the taking of the angelic life' is obscure; ⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲱⲛϧ may be a scribal error or a rare idiom for 'adopting' the monastic life.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'king' (ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ) is ambiguous: it may be a literal ruler or a metaphor for demonic or worldly power; the text explicitly denies it is Christ.","The phrase 'washing the taking of the angelic life' (ⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲙⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ) is syntactically unclear; the reading taken treats ⲡⲓϫⲓ as a verbal noun meaning 'taking' or 'adoption'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":56,"ref":"p56","source":"ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲛϩⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ (-ⲟ︦ⲃ︦-) ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲥϣⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ\nϯⲕⲁϩⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲣⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁ ⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲁⲓⲧⲓⲁ ⲛⲕⲉⲗϫ ⲕⲉⲗⲓ\nⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲛⲧⲉϥϯ ϩⲑⲏϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲩⲥ\nⲉϥⲥⲟⲙⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲑⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲁ\nⲛⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲥⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲥⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲛⲭⲁ ⲣⲱⲛ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲣⲏⲥ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲙⲥ ⲉⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲥϯ ϩⲟ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲙⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ϩⲟⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲁϭⲛⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲑⲱⲗⲉⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ\nⲉⲥⲟⲓ ⲛⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϭⲁⲧϥⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲉ (-ⲟ︦ⲅ︦-) ⲙⲡⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲍⲱⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲟⲗⲙⲉⲥ ⲉⲩϩⲁⲗⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ϩⲓ ⲫⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲗ ⲉϥⲙⲟϩ\nⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲉ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓϣⲁϩ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲣⲱⲕϩ","english":"and they will reveal themselves before the king Christ with great boldness.\n\nAbba Macarius said: It is fitting for the monk, according to the discipline of the body, that he not cease from the prayers, and that he not abandon his habit of praying for the sake of any other matter whatsoever, but that he pray, giving his attention with a joy of his mind, hoping that God will have mercy on him and that he will find the healing of the places of the soul together with all its senses and all its ways. And thus, if a time should come for us to cease or to cry out in prayer, the mind, however, should remain watchful, hoping in the Lord at all times.\n\nAbba Macarius also said: Woe to the soul that has not given honor and has not besought the Lord so that he might rest himself in it and purify it from every impurity and every defilement, and keep it as a free woman from the wild beasts and the serpents, which are the spirit of evil in the form of small animals and creeping things that crawl in the darkness. If they see a light or a vessel full of oil, they rush upon it and go into the flame by themselves and burn.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (from Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' here, but in the context of 'healing of the places of the soul' it may also imply the whole living person, as per the pinned glossary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲗⲏⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϣⲗⲏⲗ is consistently rendered 'pray' in this edition, though it can also mean 'to ask' or 'to entreat' in a broader sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the spirit of evil' (ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ) personifies demonic forces, a common theme in Coptic monastic literature where wild beasts and serpents symbolize spiritual dangers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage contains two distinct sayings of Abba Macarius, each introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ, marking a shift from the preceding narrative to direct instruction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓ (translated 'places of the soul') is ambiguous; it may refer to the 'parts' or 'faculties' of the soul, but the exact sense is uncertain due to possible scribal error or dialectal variation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The imagery of the soul as a free woman (ⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ) protected from wild beasts and serpents reflects a recurring motif in Coptic monastic literature, emphasizing spiritual purity and vigilance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'the places of the soul' (as translated) or 'the parts/faculties of the soul'. The reading 'places' is adopted here.","The Coptic 'ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓ' could be a scribal variant of 'ⲙⲁ' (place) with a plural marker, but the form is unusual."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":57,"ref":"p57","source":"ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲥⲱⲕ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲛⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙⲙⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲣⲁⲟⲩⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nⲉⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓϣⲃⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲓ ϩⲣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲉϫⲱⲣϩ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nϩⲱⲥ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϯϫⲓ ⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ϣⲁⲣⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲥϯ ⲟⲩⲱ\nⲛϩⲣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡ︦︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁⲥϥⲁⲓ ϧⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲏⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲟⲛⲧⲥ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϩⲓ\nⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲕⲱϯ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲉⲙ ϩⲑⲏϥ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲁⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥ (-ⲟ︦ⲇ︦-) ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϯ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲛⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ\nⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲛ ⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ϣⲁϥⲉⲣⲭⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥϣⲉⲡ ϧⲓⲥⲓ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲛⲏⲥⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲣⲱⲓⲥ\nⲉⲩⲟϣ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯϩⲩⲗⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲁ ⲡϣⲱϣ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϫⲓ\nⲛⲙⲉⲥ ⲧⲙⲟⲑⲛⲉⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲃⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ","english":"In this way the monk draws all these things to himself by his own will and his choice, until he becomes a living coal of eternal fire.\n\nAbba Macarius also said: Just as the rod of Aaron, which was cast down from a single thicket, brought forth fruit, so also the soul of the monk, in the receiving of the things of God, brings forth fruit from the spiritual things in the things of Christ, and she bears the fruits of the Spirit, offering them to the one who created her, Christ her good king, the true God who is blessed.\n\nAbba Macarius the Great also said: If a man is negligent and seeks God and consumes his heart over the things he has done in the time of his carelessness, God gives him a pain of heart over the things he has done. Afterwards, through his repentance, he grants him a capacity to endure labor in the body through fasts and prayers and vigils and abstinence and a casting off of matter and a humbling of the flesh and a taking of measure, the mortification of the body, and loving weeping more than laughter, and a casting off of his carnal things.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' here, consistent with the pinned glossary; the feminine pronoun 'she' in the English reflects the grammatical gender of the Greek noun.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϣⲃⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲁⲣⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The rod of Aaron that budded (Numbers 17:8) is invoked as a type of the soul's fruitfulness; the Coptic text specifies it was cast from a single thicket, a detail not in the biblical account.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'living coal of eternal fire' evokes the burning bush theophany (Exodus 3:2) and the monastic trope of the monk as a vessel of divine fire, common in Coptic ascetic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as three sayings of Abba Macarius, each introduced by 'Abba Macarius also said' or 'Abba Macarius the Great also said', a typical formula in Coptic apophthegmata collections.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"caution","text":"The epithet 'the Great' (ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ) appears only in the third saying; the Coptic text may reflect a later redactional layer distinguishing Macarius of Egypt from other Macarii.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯϩⲩⲗⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ϩⲩⲗⲏ (hylē) means 'matter' or 'material substance', here in the ascetic sense of worldly attachments to be cast off; the English renders it as 'matter'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲁ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (literally 'the things of Christ') could refer to Christ's teachings or to the sacraments; the English takes it as 'the things of Christ'.","The phrase ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲙⲉⲥ ⲧⲙⲟⲑⲛⲉⲥ (a taking of measure, the mortification) is ambiguous: it may denote a rule of ascetic practice or a specific act of self-discipline."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":58,"ref":"p58","source":"ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲭⲏⲙⲓ\nⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲁϥⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩϩⲟⲓ ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲏⲃ ϯ\nⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲛⲛⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲉⲣⲇⲟⲕⲓⲙⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ\nⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱⲓ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲣⲁⲝⲓⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲏⲓ ϩⲱ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ\nⲛⲥⲟⲩⲟ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲕⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϯⲛⲁϯ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϣⲁⲩϯ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲁϥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲛ\nⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϣⲁϥϭⲓ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ. (-ⲟ︦ⲉ︦-) ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϩⲁ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nⲡⲉ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϣⲁϥϭⲓ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲣⲱ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲉϥⲙⲟϣⲓ\nⲁϥϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲥⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲧⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ\nⲛⲥⲁⲣⲕⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲡⲁϥϭⲓ ϣⲓⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲉⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉϥⲟ︦ⲥ︦. ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁϣⲛⲓ ⲉϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲡⲓⲓⲁϩ ⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲛⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲓϧⲁⲩⲉⲩ ⲛⲓϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲑⲉⲣⲓ ⲉⲫⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ\nⲙⲡⲁⲩⲉⲡ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲟⲩϩⲙⲟⲧ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲁϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲙⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲃⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϥⲓ\nⲁϩⲟⲙ.","english":"It was said concerning Abba Macarius the Great that he was dwelling in Egypt. Once he came upon a well, and he saw a boat that had been purified, with its captain giving wages to the workers from within it. And when the old man wished to test the boatman, desiring to draw a word from his mouth concerning a certain matter of a practice, he said to him, \"Do me this favor, father, a little wheat.\" The boatman said to him, \"If you work, I will give you wages, for truly, he who works is given wages.\" The old man said to him, \"Is it not so that he who works receives wages?\" The boatman said to him, \"Yes, that is how it is: he who works receives wages.\" The old man said to him, \"I wish to hear this word from you.\" And when he had gone, he struck himself in the face with both hands, saying, \"Woe to you, Macarius, if you have been cast out because you were not given wages for the carnal work of this world. For it is written, 'Jesus stands you before a worker; he did not receive shame; he will work well for the work of his Lord.' Therefore, woe to you, Macarius, you did not strive to give that goodness there of the Lord of the vineyard, saying, 'Call the workers, give them their wages, the first ones, a satyrion to each one,' and saying, 'He who works, his wages are given to him according to a grace.' And in this way the old man Macarius walked, laboring in the deserts with a carrying of a load.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba' (ⲁⲃⲃⲁ) is retained from the Coptic as a marker of monastic authority. 'Macarius the Great' distinguishes this figure from other Macarii in the tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Jesus stands you before a worker' echoes a biblical motif of divine judgment or commissioning, but the exact source is uncertain; it may be a loose citation or a monastic aphorism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲁⲑⲉⲣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The 'satyrion' (ⲥⲁⲑⲉⲣⲓ) is a coin or unit of payment, likely of Roman or Byzantine origin, indicating the economic context of wage labor in late antique Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a narrative framed by a saying (ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ) and concludes with a moral reflection, typical of the apophthegmata tradition. The dialogue between Macarius and the boatman serves as a parable.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This story appears in the Coptic collection of Macarius' virtues, likely compiled for monastic edification. The emphasis on wages and grace reflects later theological debates on divine reward.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The self-reproach 'Woe to you, Macarius' may be a later insertion or a dramatic device; the Coptic text shows possible scribal variation in the repetition of the phrase.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'boatman' (ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓ) is ambiguous; he may be a literal figure or an allegorical representation of a spiritual guide.","The phrase 'Jesus stands you before a worker' is unclear in its biblical reference; it may be a paraphrase or a lost citation.","The 'satyrion' (ⲥⲁⲑⲉⲣⲓ) is not precisely defined; it could be a specific coin or a generic term for payment."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":59,"ref":"p59","source":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲙϣⲉ ⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲉⲧⲕⲟⲗϫ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲗϫ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲉ- (-ⲟ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲭⲁⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲕⲟⲗϫ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲱⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲗⲱϩⲓ ⲙⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ ϣⲁⲩϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ϯϩⲉⲃⲥⲱ ⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲟⲛ\nⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲧⲟⲡϥ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲛⲓϣⲉⲛⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲧϫⲓϫ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ ⲉⲩⲫⲟⲧϩ\nⲉⲑⲟⲩⲟϫⲓ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϭⲛⲉ ϫⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲁϭⲛⲉ\nⲭⲣⲉⲙⲣⲉⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ ⲉϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲭⲗⲟⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲧϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲕⲁⲓ","english":"Abba Macarius said, \"It is like the sea: it makes the crooked straight, and those who are straight it makes crooked. This is how repentance is, for our Lord Jesus Christ has given it to us to make straight those who are crooked, and to turn aside those who are entangled in the mud of sin, making them straight again and pure, like virgins before our Lord Jesus Christ, if they turn to repentance. They receive the pure garment, the angelic one, in the heavens.\"\n\nAbba Macarius the Great said, \"The footprints of the disciples of the hand of the teacher and the coenobiarchs have not been found, who are hastening to the harvest of the one who is under the winnowing-fan in great patience. It is not possible for this one to receive the crown and the reward of the perfect sonship and the honor of the disciples of our Lord Jesus Christ as well.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage presents two distinct sayings of Abba Macarius, linked by the theme of transformation through repentance. The first uses the sea as a metaphor for making crooked things straight and vice versa, while the second speaks of the hidden footprints of disciples and coenobiarchs who endure patiently.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (virgin) is used here in a non-Marian context, referring to the state of purity regained through repentance. The Coptic usage follows the Greek παρθένος but applies it metaphorically to the cleansed sinner.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ (our Lord Jesus Christ) appears twice, echoing New Testament language of Christ as the giver of repentance and the one before whom the purified stand. No specific verse is quoted, but the language is liturgical.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ (coenobiarchs) refers to leaders of cenobitic monastic communities, a key institution in Coptic monasticism. This reflects the work's interest in communal as well as eremitic asceticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is divided into two sayings, each introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ. The first saying uses a simile (ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ) and the second employs a negative statement (ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙ) to emphasize the rarity of perfect discipleship.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙ (they have not found) is a negative perfect, but the subject of the finding is ambiguous. The English draft interprets it as 'the footprints have not been found,' but the Coptic could also mean 'they have not found the footprints.' The reading adopted follows the context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙ is unclear: it may be impersonal ('one has not found') or refer to a specific group. The reading takes it as passive.","The phrase ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϭⲛⲉ (the one who is under the winnowing-fan) is metaphorical; its exact referent (perhaps the ascetic undergoing trials) is not specified."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":60,"ref":"p60","source":"ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲭⲉⲣⲉⲃ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲁⲛⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁⲫⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲭⲱ ⲛⲛⲓⲟⲩⲗⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϣⲉ ⲛⲓϥⲧ\nⲛⲉⲙ ϯϣⲉ ⲛⲗⲟⲅⲭⲏ ⲉⲩⲫⲟⲧϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲟϩⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲟⲡⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩ- (-ⲟ︦ⲍ︦-) ⲱϣ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲣⲁⲩϣ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲣⲟⲉⲥⲧⲱⲥ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϭⲛⲉ ϫⲱϥ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϩⲉⲗϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ\nⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲉⲟⲥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲧⲓⲙⲟⲑⲉⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲛⲏⲥⲓⲙⲟⲥ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲣ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲩⲙⲙⲁ ⲛⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲉⲧⲫⲟⲣϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲁⲡⲗⲉⲡ ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ\nⲙⲡⲉϥⲉⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲣⲟϥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲛϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲁϥⲓ\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲛⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲣ ⲉⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦\nϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϩⲟϯ","english":"For the teacher took the form of the cherub and the chariot of the true teacher, the one who placed the materials of the arrows and the spear and the lance, which were fixed in his body as a testimony and a seal of the Jews, and these he made for himself in his - ( - 79 - ) reading in a great joy. Likewise, those who are a harbor and a support for those who are under the burden, if they do not become in a state of goodness and gentleness, in this way they are not able to produce for themselves spiritual children like Elijah, who produced Elisha, and like Paul, who produced Timothy and Onesimus.\n\nAbba Paphnutius, my disciple of Abba Macarius, said, \"They concealed the old man once because of his blindness, for there is a virtue in him, and through the covering of darkness that was spread over his heart and the flame that was in him all day, he did not know nor did he perceive it. And when the old man arose, he went to the river and saw his blindness, and there was no sense of God in him, and he marveled at his taking of the time and the fearlessness.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲥⲱⲙⲁ (body) here refers to the body as the site of ascetic struggle, consistent with its use in monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓϣⲉ ⲛⲓϥⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϣⲉ ⲛⲗⲟⲅⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The imagery of arrows, spear, and lance fixed in the body echoes the martyrdom of saints, possibly alluding to the wounds of Christ or the stigmata tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲕⲁⲗⲩⲙⲙⲁ ⲛⲭⲁⲕⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The 'covering of darkness' over the heart is a metaphor for spiritual blindness or ignorance, common in Coptic monastic literature to describe the soul's state before enlightenment.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲉⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Elijah producing Elisha parallels the teacher-disciple relationship in the narrative, echoing 1 Kings 19:19-21 where Elijah calls Elisha.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a general teaching to a specific anecdote about Abba Paphnutius, a disciple of Macarius, marking a narrative transition within the text.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩ- (-ⲟ︦ⲍ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or abbreviation at ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩ- (-ⲟ︦ⲍ︦-), likely a numeral or a word break; the English draft reads '79' but the Coptic is unclear.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩ- (-ⲟ︦ⲍ︦-) is ambiguous: it may be a numeral (79) or a truncated word; the reading '79' is tentative.","The identity of 'the teacher' (ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ ⲥⲃⲱ) is not explicitly named; it may refer to Christ or a monastic figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":61,"ref":"p61","source":"(-ⲟ︦︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦-) ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲥ ⲁϥⲟϩⲓ ⲉϥϯ ϩⲑⲏϥ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲗⲁⲓⲡⲱⲣⲓⲁ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲁⲓⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲁⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓϯ\nⲛⲓⲁⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉϩⲗⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϭⲟⲣⲡⲟⲩ\nⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲓⲙⲏⲧⲓ ⲉⲍ ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓϣⲉⲛϥ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲥ ⲧⲉ\nϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϩⲉⲡ ⲡⲓϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲟϥⲣⲓ ⲛⲑⲟϥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲕⲁϯ ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲙⲫϯ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲛⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟϯ ⲉϥϥⲓ ⲁϩⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ϣⲟⲩⲟ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲓ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲛϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲥ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲙⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲑ- (-ⲟ︦ⲑ︦-) ⲣⲓⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲛⲏ ⲉϯϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲡϣⲧ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟϥⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ.","english":"...which was within her, he began to give heed to his suffering. And when the day had passed, he went to his house. I, too, said, I followed him. And when we met his wife, we sat down, and I said, \"Blessed am I that I did not take the opportunity, and I did not see anything among those which God had prepared for me, except for the two loaves that were brought in.\" After these things, I asked him about virtue and his manner of work, and he said to me, \"What is virtue? For God has hidden the work from him who does good. And when I saw his humility, I prayed to God that he might open his heart. And the Lord heard me immediately; he opened the senses of the man and his heart, and he became in fear, bearing a burden, and his tears would flow upon the ground, and I was amazed at the consolation that came to be within her. He said to me, \"Now God has opened my heart and my heart to know those things which are in them at this entire time, which God has prepared for the goodness of my soul and my body.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ (aretē) is used here for 'virtue', a key monastic concept denoting moral excellence and ascetic achievement.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲕⲁϯ","severity":"info","text":"ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲕⲁϯ (metatkati) is a Coptic abstract noun meaning 'humility', a central virtue in monastic spirituality.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫ︦ϯ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'God has hidden the work from him who does good' echoes the biblical theme of divine concealment of merit, reminiscent of Proverbs 11:13 or Matthew 6:4.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the narrator and a teacher, with the teacher's wife present, typical of monastic wisdom literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The word ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ (nalou) is ambiguous; it could mean 'loaves' (as translated) or 'children' in some contexts. The reading 'loaves' is adopted here based on the context of food brought in.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The emphasis on hidden virtue and divine opening of the heart reflects later Coptic monastic traditions that valorize humility and interior transformation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the teacher and his wife is not specified; the phrase 'the two loaves' (ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ) could also be interpreted as 'the two children'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":62,"ref":"p62","source":"ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲁⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϩⲟⲡⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲓϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲗⲟϫ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥ ⲁⲛⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲡⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲁⲛ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛⲑⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲥ ⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲛⲛⲁⲓⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛⲉ ⲓⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲙⲡⲓϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛϣⲗⲟϥ ϧⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ϯϭⲓ\nϫⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣⲁⲣⲃⲁ ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϣ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲏ︦ ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉⲓⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲧⲁ\nⲡⲁⲟ︦︦︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁⲓϥ ⲛⲏⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲁⲓϩⲓⲧⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲃⲓ ⲁⲓϯ ⲫⲓ ⲉⲣⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲓϣⲉ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲓϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦\nⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (-ⲡ̄ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲃ︦-) ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲉⲛⲁϥⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲗⲱⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲁⲡⲗⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲁϣⲛⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲑⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϯ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉⲡⲓϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲙⲁ ϩⲑⲏⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϯ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲕϫⲁϫⲓ ⲥⲉⲉⲣⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ\nⲛⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲁⲉⲣⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ ⲕⲱϯ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲛⲥⲁ ϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲛⲉⲕⲥⲫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲛⲉⲕⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲗⲉⲗⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ","english":"It happened to me, however, with my wife, that God joined me with her according to the world, and while I was still upon the bed with her, we established a covenant with God and with each other, that we might preserve our purity until we depart from this world. And until now, I do not know the nature of my wife, nor does she know me, nor do I know my children, whose they are, or how they were born. And by the grace of God, I did not speak a word of evil concerning her, and behold, I receive it from him, and I go to the desert. If I were to consider this honored soul, I would be ignorant of the grace which my Lord Jesus Christ gave me. And these things which he told me, I placed upon his shoulder, I gave him my hand, and I departed from him, giving thanks to my Lord Jesus Christ, for the abundant graces which he has done for me and for men for the salvation of their souls, so that through the intercession of all, we might simply attain the eternal life of the kingdom of the heavens through his compassionate heart which is abundant within him. Abba Macarius the Great said, \"If you bring your little one to prayer, be steadfast in yourself, lest you give your vessels into the hands of your enemies. For they desire to plunder your vessels, which are the logismoi of the soul. These are the precious vessels with which you will serve God. For God does not seek from you the glory for himself in your vessels alone, while your logismoi are scattered abroad and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (from Greek ψυχή) appears twice: first as 'honored soul' (ⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲏ) and later in the plural 'salvation of their souls' (ⲡⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ). Per the glossary, it is rendered 'soul' here, not 'life'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek/Syriac address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is retained in the English draft as 'Abba Macarius the Great', consistent with the glossary instruction to keep the form where the Coptic keeps it.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ (logismoi) appears twice, denoting the 'vessels' (ⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ) of the soul. In monastic literature, logismoi are thoughts or passions that can be plundered by enemies, a key concept in Evagrian and Macarian spirituality.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The covenant (ⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ) established between the narrator, his wife, and God reflects a practice of spiritual marriage or 'syn-eisaktism', where couples lived in continence. This was known in early Egyptian monasticism, though often controversial.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from first-person narrative to a direct saying of Abba Macarius the Great, introduced by 'Abba Macarius the Great said'. This marks a structural transition typical of apophthegmata, embedding a teaching within the narrative frame.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ (-ⲡ̄ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲃ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The scribal note '-ⲡ̄ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲃ︦-' indicates a variant in the manuscript: the nomen sacrum for Christ may have been written as ⲡⲃ̄ (ⲡⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ? 'the king') instead of ⲡⲭ̄ⲥ̄ (ⲡⲉⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ). This textual corruption affects the reading of 'my Lord Jesus Christ'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'I do not know the nature of my wife' (ⲧϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ) is ambiguous: ⲕⲟⲧ may mean 'nature' or 'form', leaving open whether the narrator means he does not know her character or her physical appearance.","The clause 'nor do I know my children, whose they are, or how they were born' (ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲗⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛⲉ ⲓⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ) is ambiguous: it could imply the children are not biologically his, or that he is uncertain of their paternity due to the covenant of continence."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":63,"ref":"p63","source":"ⲉⲩⲥⲏⲣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲛⲉⲕⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲥⲟⲙⲥ ⲉⲡⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϭⲓ ϩⲣⲁϥ ⲛⲑⲟϥ\nⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ (-ⲡ︦ⲁ︦-) ⲛⲣⲉϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϯ ϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲑⲣⲉϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲉ ⲛⲓϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲩⲗⲙⲟⲥ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲓϥ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲣⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ\nⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϧⲁ ⲛⲓⲁⲧⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϧⲁ ⲧϩⲏ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲏⲃ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦.\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲏⲥⲓⲥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲭⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ ⲁⲣⲓ\nϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲡⲓⲉⲓⲕⲉⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲕⲉⲣϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲁϫⲱⲓⲗⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ. ⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓ\nⲛϣⲓⲡⲓ ϧⲁ ⲧϩⲏ ⲛⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲑⲣⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲗⲱⲓϫⲓ ⲧⲁⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ\nⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ (-ⲡ︦ⲃ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲇ︦-) ⲑⲗⲱⲓϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲟⲛ ⲛϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉϥⲭⲏ","english":"...they are scattered throughout the whole world, but so that the soul and all your thoughts might rest upon him in a state of joy without distraction. He himself, however, is the great physician (the Father) of the souls and the body. Our Lord Jesus Christ, let us turn to him that he might heal the sicknesses of our souls and illuminate our thoughts and the perceptions of our heart, so that we might set aside his great love for humanity and the trouble he endured for the world on our behalf, and his good deeds which he does for us, we who are unworthy day by day, because he is our Lord and our Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\nA brother asked Abba Macarius about the anchoritic life. The old man said to him, \"If you wish to live as an anchorite, endure it in every kind of place, and let no day pass within and without, but continue to endure it, and God with his grace will help you. Do not despise the thoughts of shame before people, and do not let anyone destroy a single day for you, except for the destruction of your brother's poverty or someone who is in need.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, though here it pairs with 'body' (ⲥⲱⲙⲁ), reinforcing the anthropological dualism typical of monastic anthropology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered 'grace' per the pinned glossary, referring to God's unearned favour; here it is paired with God's agency in the anchoritic life.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is kept as a title of address, reflecting the Greek/Syriac monastic convention; here it introduces Macarius as the elder responding to a brother.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲁⲛⲁⲭⲱⲣⲏⲥⲓⲥ (anchoritic life) refers to the solitary monastic practice, distinct from coenobitic community life, and was a central ideal in Egyptian desert spirituality.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a first-person narrative (the speaker's covenant with his wife) to a direct address by Abba Macarius, introduced by 'A brother asked Abba Macarius about the anchoritic life.'","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text includes a marginal note '(-ⲡ︦ⲁ︦-)' after 'ⲛⲓϣⲓ ⲛⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ' and later '(-ⲡ︦ⲃ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲇ︦-)', likely scribal corrections or variant readings; the sense of 'the great physician' is clear, but the exact referent of the abbreviation is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲓϣⲓ ⲛⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'great physician' or 'great sign', but context favours 'physician' (healer of souls and body).","The marginal note '(-ⲡ︦ⲁ︦-)' and '(-ⲡ︦ⲃ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲇ︦-)' indicate textual uncertainty; the reading adopted follows the sense of Christ as healer."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":64,"ref":"p64","source":"ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲏ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲑⲁϣϥ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲭⲣⲉⲓⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲣⲓ ϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲟⲗϫ\nⲙⲡⲓⲱⲣϥ ⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲱⲥⲕ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲁⲣⲃⲁ ⲛⲉϩⲥⲓ\nⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲣ ⲃⲉⲣⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙⲕ ⲉⲕϧⲟⲥⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲟⲡ ϣⲁⲧⲉ\nⲡⲉⲕⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲥⲱⲧϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲁⲣⲓ ϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛ\nⲉⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲗⲥⲉⲗ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦. ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲭⲁ ⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ\nⲛϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲣϭⲟϫⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲓϥ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ⲫⲱⲧ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲏⲣⲓ. ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ (-ⲡⲅ-) ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ\nϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲙⲡⲉⲣϭⲟϫⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲣⲉ ⲙⲟⲑⲛⲉⲥ ⲛⲧⲁϥ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲉⲣ ⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲱⲓⲗⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲗⲱϣϫ. ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ\nⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲭⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲕⲙⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲉⲩⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲉϥⲧⲟⲙⲓ ⲉⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲣⲱⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ","english":"...in necessity or hardship. However, if God binds his need to be fulfilled through another or through his children, you, then, go to your place of dwelling and endure your poverty, so that the sweetness of the scattered one may extend to you. Do not look outside, lest the disturbance of the cares seize you and your hardships become renewed for you, and you find yourself high only once until your water is purified. But sit in your place of dwelling, endure your poverty, and the consolation, the joy, and the happiness of the Lord will come to you. Do not make a companion for yourself with any person apart from your brothers the monks. Do not enter into any person for the sake of some good thing that he has brought with you. Flee to the feet of God alone. Go to him; he is the one who will minister to you with compassionate bowels of mercy. You, however, guard yourself from the companionship of men. Let all your companionship be with God alone. Do not enter into a man whom you love, lest he entangle you in a companionship. Neither act with boldness in his house, nor intrude upon him in any commandment, lest you become ensnared. My brother, if you wish, if you are able, all your time, let your thought be fixed on God at all times. Guard yourself from the companionship of men.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϩⲟⲗϫ ⲙⲡⲓⲱⲣϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the sweetness of the scattered one' is ambiguous. 'ⲡⲓϩⲟⲗϫ' (sweetness) may be a metaphor for divine grace, while 'ⲡⲓⲱⲣϥ' (the scattered one) could refer to the monk's dispersed thoughts or to a spiritual figure; the Coptic leaves the referent unclear.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'compassionate bowels of mercy' (ⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ) echoes New Testament language for divine compassion, e.g., Acts 1:18 (God's bowels), and is common in Coptic monastic literature as a metaphor for God's mercy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'companionship' (ⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ) is central to the passage's warning against worldly relationships. In Coptic monasticism, it often denotes spiritual fellowship, but here it is contrasted with exclusive companionship with God, reflecting the eremitic ideal of solitude.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from conditional advice ('if God binds his need...') to direct imperatives ('go to your place... endure your poverty'), creating a hortatory structure typical of monastic instruction. The repetition of 'guard yourself from the companionship of men' frames the core warning.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲱⲣϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'the scattered one' (ⲡⲓⲱⲣϥ) is uncertain; the Coptic may be corrupt or a scribal error. The English draft interprets it as a reference to the monk's scattered thoughts, but the text could also refer to a person (e.g., a wandering monk). The sense is contested.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the scattered one' (ⲡⲓⲱⲣϥ) is ambiguous: it may refer to the monk's dispersed thoughts, a spiritual figure, or a textual corruption.","The phrase 'until your water is purified' (ϣⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲥⲱⲧϥ) is obscure; it may be a metaphor for spiritual purification or a reference to a specific monastic practice."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":65,"ref":"p65","source":"ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲟⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϩⲓⲧϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲁⲗⲓⲧϥ ⲙⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϫⲱϥ ϫⲉ\nϥⲉⲛϩⲟⲧ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ⲟⲥⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲭⲣⲏⲙⲁ. ⲁ ⲇ̄ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲣ ⲁⲫⲉ ⲉⲇ̄ ⲛϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲁⲗⲁⲓⲁ\nⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲁⲃⲣⲁⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲏⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲙⲃⲱⲕ\nⲛϯϩⲉⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉϥⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲉϥϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϣⲉ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲁϥⲓⲱⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ (-ⲡ︦ⲇ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲁϥϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛϯⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩϥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁϥⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲥⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲥϭⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ϣⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲙⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲡϣⲁϥⲉ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲛϩⲟ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ϩⲟ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲫⲉ ϩⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲉϥϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲉϥϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ\nⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲥⲱ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲑⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲁⲓⲃⲓⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲁⲓⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ\nⲛⲟⲩⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲁϥϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲁⲡⲗⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ","english":"If your brother by blood comes to you and you do not wish to receive him, send him away to another brother, so that the heart of the brothers may be troubled, saying, \"He is harsh.\" But you, remain in your poverty, and do not give occasion to the idle talk of the people. For men have found profit in their labor in Palestine. For first, Abraham, whose door was open to everyone, and he was a servant of the entire image of God, standing and serving the guests, and he brought out the cakes of his offering (—p. d Cod. p. s—) with his angels. For he gave him the choice at the hour it was revealed to him, and he established with him his covenant, and his labor became manifest, being profitable in the church, and entering in to God. And Moses, who sat with the people in the desert, while God spoke with him face to face, and he too was profitable in his labor. And Lazarus, who was sick, receiving grace in his sickness, being rich in his heart in his suffering and his affliction, seeing them eating and drinking before him in the good things of this life, like the rich of this world, and they did not ask about him for a single day. But he received grace in his simplicity and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (Greek ἄγγελος) is rendered 'angel' per the glossary; here it refers to the angels accompanying Abraham in the biblical narrative, not human messengers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered 'grace' per the glossary, indicating divine favour. In the passage, Lazarus receives grace (ϩⲙⲟⲧ) in his sickness, contrasting with the rich who ignore him.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (Greek ἐκκλησία) is rendered 'church' per the glossary; here it likely refers to the institution or congregation, as Abraham's labour is described as profitable 'in the church'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲣⲁⲁⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The passage invokes Abraham's hospitality (Genesis 18:1-8) and his covenant with God (Genesis 15:18), though the reference to 'cakes of his offering' and 'angels' is an apocryphal or haggadic expansion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Moses is cited as a model of profitable labour, with God speaking face to face (Exodus 33:11) and his leadership in the desert (Exodus 16-17). The passage emphasises his labour as 'profitable'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31) is presented as a model of receiving grace in suffering, contrasting with the rich who ignore him. The passage highlights his inner richness despite physical affliction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁϥⲓⲱⲓ ⲛⲛⲓϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲟⲥ' is obscure; the English draft renders 'he brought out the cakes of his offering', but the Coptic may refer to a specific ritual or narrative detail not fully preserved. The parenthetical '(-ⲡⲇ Cod. ⲡⲋ-)' suggests a textual variant in the manuscript.","The identity of 'ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ' (idle talk) is ambiguous; the English draft interprets it as 'idle talk of the people', but the Coptic could also mean 'the idle ones' or 'the negligent'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":66,"ref":"p66","source":"ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲭⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲭⲣⲉⲙⲣⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣ ⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ϥϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲫⲉ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ\nϧⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ ⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϣⲁϥⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲧ- (-ⲡ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲉⲣⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉⲣⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ. ϯⲛⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲉⲣⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ϩⲱⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲉϥⲑⲉⲃⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲉϥⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲛⲏϫ ⲉⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉϥⲙⲏⲣ\nⲉⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲉⲣϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϯϩⲉⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ϯⲛⲁϣϫⲱ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ\nⲉⲧⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ ⲫⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ\nⲉⲑⲣⲉϥⲁⲓϥ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ.\nⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ϩⲱⲗ ϫⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲓ\nⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲧⲉ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲁⲑⲙⲉⲧⲛⲟⲩϫ\nⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛ- (-ⲡ︦ⲋ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲏ︦-)\nϫⲉⲙ ⲡⲁϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲁⲓⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲉⲡ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ","english":"...his freedom from deceit and his freedom from desire. Our Lord indeed bears witness for him that he is perfected through his taking up of work, being pure in heart. And Elijah, in his humility, dwelling in the desert, being without care, and God ministering to him, being pure in his taking up of work. Now then, my brother, if you also desire to dwell in the withdrawal and in poverty, well, a poor man who is humble, his care cast upon God, bound to his place, enduring in his poverty, purifying his mind within the whole image of God—I will not speak of his honor, for who knows the honor of this virtue? But this grace is from our Lord Jesus Christ, that he might take it with us on account of his compassionate heart.\n\nIt was said concerning Abba Macarius that a brother came to him once. He said to him, \"My father, I think, say to me, 'Seek the healing of those who are sick,' for this is a great commandment.\" And Abba Macarius said to him in a prophetic word, \"The desire for false humility—our Lord Jesus Christ himself said, 'The sick, you have sought my healing.' He took on the flesh of humanity and made it one with himself, and he received humanity into himself in every work, until sin...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba' (ⲁⲃⲃⲁ) is retained from the Coptic as a Greek/Syriac honorific for a monastic elder, here applied to Macarius.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲁⲑⲙⲉⲧⲛⲟⲩϫ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'desire for false humility' echoes a saying attributed to Jesus, possibly a loose citation of a logion about humility and healing.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Elijah is invoked as a model of ascetic humility and divine provision, a common trope in Egyptian monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general exhortation on poverty and purity to a specific anecdote about Abba Macarius, introduced by 'It was said concerning'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛ- (-ⲡ︦ⲋ︦ Cod. ⲡ︦ⲏ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal correction at 'ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛ-', with the codex showing a variant numeral; the sense of the healing saying is partially reconstructed.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The anecdote of Macarius and the brother reflects a later hagiographic tradition that emphasizes humility and obedience over active ministry.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲓⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲁⲑⲙⲉⲧⲛⲟⲩϫ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'desire for false humility' or 'desire for humility that is false'; the English draft takes it as 'desire for false humility'.","The healing saying attributed to Jesus is not a direct canonical quotation; its source is uncertain, possibly from an apocryphal or oral tradition.","The lacuna at 'ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛ-' leaves the verb form incomplete; the reading assumes a second-person plural imperative ('you have sought')."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":67,"ref":"p67","source":"ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nϯⲣⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲓⲛⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲥ ϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲉⲗⲕ ϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲁϥⲗⲓⲃⲓ\nϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲉⲑⲗⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲡⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ\nϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲡⲓⲅⲛⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲛⲓⲡⲗⲁⲝ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ\nⲉⲩⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ....\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲙⲱ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ. ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲏⲥ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ϯϫⲁⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲁⲓϣⲁϣⲛⲓ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ (-ⲡ︦ⲍ︦-) ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲉⲥⲟⲛ ⲃ︦ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲉⲫⲙⲁ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲗ\nⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧϥ ⲁⲓϫⲉⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲏⲓ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲑⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲡ","english":"...not by himself, but I tell you, my son, that it is better to sit in the desert. I tell you, it is more than the harvest of the field, for truly, after a time, they will come to drag away those who sit in the desert. And the saying of Abba Antony was fulfilled: \"If they see someone who has not labored, they rise up against him, saying, 'You are idle,' because he did not become like them.\" I tell you, my son, that if Moses had not gone up to the mount, he would not have received the tablets of the covenant, written by the finger of God in glory...\n\nAbba Pamo said: \"I resolved in my heart to worship the hands of Abba Macarius the Spirit-bearer again, while I was still in the body. But when I came to the cell of Abba Moses, I consulted Abba Poemen and Abba Evagrius the wise and Abba Chronius and another two with us, in the place of Abba Moses, and the one for whose sake I had found them, they were of one mind with me. After he had ceased...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϫⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'sitting in the desert' is a technical expression for the anchoritic life, contrasting with the agricultural labor of the harvest.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Moses receiving the tablets of the covenant written by the finger of God alludes to Exodus 31:18 and 34:1, where Moses receives the Law on Sinai.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba' is retained from the Coptic as a fixed rendering, indicating a senior monastic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲙⲱ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Pamo is a known figure in the Sayings of the Desert Fathers, often associated with Scetis. His saying here reflects the monastic practice of seeking counsel from elders.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲙⲱ","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general exhortation to a specific narrative introduced by 'Abba Pamo said', marking a new episode within the larger work.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the finger of God' is a common biblical metaphor, but the Coptic text here may be corrupt or abbreviated; the reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦' is ambiguous: it could be a scribal abbreviation for 'the finger of God' or a corruption; the reading follows the biblical allusion.","The identity of 'ⲕⲉⲥⲟⲛ ⲃ︦' (another two) is unclear; they are not named in the surviving text."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":68,"ref":"p68","source":"ⲛϫⲉ ⲫⲣⲏ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ϧⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲉⲧⲉⲃⲣⲏϫ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲅⲛⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲟⲥⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲙⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲑⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲧ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲉⲣⲁⲡⲟⲣⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲣⲁⲡⲟⲗⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϣⲁϣⲛⲓ ⲉⲡⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗⲛϧⲏⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nϥⲛⲁϯ ⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲓ ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ϧⲁϫⲱⲛ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲛⲉⲣ ⲡⲓⲍ ⲁⲛⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ\nⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲕⲗⲉⲡⲁⲣⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲑⲃⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲁϥⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲗⲁⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥϯ ⲙⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ ⲉϥϭⲟⲥⲓ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲧⲫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛ- (-ⲡ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ϥ︦-) ⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲡϫⲁⲛⲉ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲛⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲉⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲁϥⲥⲱⲙⲥ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲥⲁϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲉϥⲙⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗϩ ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲟ ⲁϥⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ. ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩⲉ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲟ ⲁⲛϩⲉⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲧⲉⲛ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ","english":"...like the sun. There came some Arabs and some barbarians, and a gnophos of darkness, and a storm of winds that were very strong. And they were at a loss as to what to do, and they were unable to receive the blessing of the holy one, the great Spirit-bearer, Abba Macarius. One of them said, \"The Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, who is in Abba Macarius, will give us a sign, and he will take the lead before us to his place in peace. And he led us out to do the work. We stood up, we prayed, and there was a ladder upon the mountain of the rock of Abba Macarius. And we saw, behold, a pillar of fire standing upon it, shining and giving light greatly, rising up to the sky. And as we walked, the pillar came to meet us little by little. And when we came upon the rock of the holy Macarius, he bowed down, and we saw inside his dwelling place like a fire that was full. And when we knocked at the door, the holy one came out. When we saw the light in his face, we fell down upon the ground, we kissed his holy feet, and he raised us up and greeted us.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete' (ⲡⲓⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ) echoes the Johannine title for the Holy Spirit (John 14:16, 26). In Coptic monastic literature, it often denotes the Spirit's intercessory and guiding role.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲁⲛ ϧⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲉⲧⲉⲃⲣⲏϫ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'Arabs and barbarians' (ϩⲁⲛ ϧⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲉⲧⲉⲃⲣⲏϫ) reflects the historical presence of nomadic groups in the Egyptian desert during the 4th–5th centuries, often encountered by anchorites. The term 'barbarians' may refer to non-Greek-speaking peoples, possibly Blemmyes or other tribes.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲭⲣⲱⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The 'pillar of fire' (ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲭⲣⲱⲙ) recalls the biblical pillar of fire that guided Israel (Exodus 13:21–22) and the fiery pillar in apocalyptic visions (e.g., 2 Maccabees 2:9–12). In Coptic hagiography, it symbolizes divine presence and guidance.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛϩⲉⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The sequence of prostration (ⲁⲛϩⲉⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ) and kissing the feet (ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ) is a standard hagiographic topos for the reception of a holy man, emphasizing humility and veneration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛ- (-ⲡ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ϥ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text at ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛ- shows a scribal correction: the codex originally had ⲡⲏ (the article) but was altered to ϥ (the pronoun 'he'). This suggests uncertainty in the manuscript tradition about the subject of the verb ⲙⲟϣⲓ ('walk').","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Macarius (the Great) is a central figure in Egyptian monasticism, and this passage's depiction of him as a 'Spirit-bearer' (ⲡⲓⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ) and his dwelling filled with fire reflects later hagiographic embellishment, common in the Coptic tradition to emphasize his sanctity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'Arabs and barbarians' is not specified; they may be generic figures representing outsiders or specific historical groups.","The phrase ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛ- is corrupt; the reading follows the scribal correction to ϥ, but the original text may have had a different subject."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":69,"ref":"p69","source":"ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲁⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛϯⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ︦ϯ︦\nⲁⲙⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲣⲟⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ϣⲓⲏⲧ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓ︦︦ⲍ︦\nϥⲛⲁϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⲙⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲉⲍ ⲛⲥⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ\nⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ. ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲇⲉ ϩⲱϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓ ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲱ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲓ ⲛ- (-ⲡ︦ⲑ︦-) ϫⲉ\nⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϭⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲥⲏϥⲓ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲥⲏϥⲓ\nⲑⲁⲓ ⲣⲱ ⲧⲉ ϯϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉϯϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲁϫⲱⲥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲛϩⲓⲧⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲁⲛϭⲓ ⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ\nⲛϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲁϥⲭⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲛϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nϯϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲛⲭⲟϩ\nϩⲱⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲛⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ\nⲛⲧⲁϥ.\nⲟⲩⲥⲟⲛ ⲁϥϩⲉⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲓ ϣⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲉϫⲱⲓ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛⲥⲟⲇⲟⲙⲁ ⲁⲓϭⲓ ϭⲣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲕⲏⲛ ⲉⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","english":"...and when we had prayed, we sat down to speak of the honor of progress according to God, and of the good conduct and the establishment of the practical life that is in the monastery. And after these things, Abba Macarius answered, saying, \"My brethren, there is one among you who, under the number 7, will complete a martyr's struggle, and 7 other brothers with him will complete likewise.\" And Abba Moses also answered, saying, \"Remember me, O my father, so that he may complete upon me the 9th, for the saying of the Savior: 'The blessed who have taken up the sword will be destroyed by the sword.' This also is the hope that bows down before it.\" And after these things, we went down and received a blessing from him, and the holy old man prayed over us, dismissed us, and we departed, giving glory to God for the discourse that had taken place and the vision we had seen, and we rejoiced in the graces that God and the holy one would work for us.\n\nA brother fell into a transgression and came to Abba Macarius in the desert, saying, \"Pray for me, my father, for I have fallen into the sickness of Sodom; I have been caught in the one that was hidden from me.\" Abba","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲙⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic verb ⲥⲙⲟⲩ is rendered 'bless' here, as the recipient is a person (Abba Macarius). The glossary notes that when the object is God, it means 'praise'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϭⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲥⲏϥⲓ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲥⲏϥⲓ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Moses quotes a saying of the Savior: 'The blessed who have taken up the sword will be destroyed by the sword.' This echoes Matthew 26:52, though the wording is adapted to a monastic context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛⲥⲟⲇⲟⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'sickness of Sodom' (ⲡⲓϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛⲥⲟⲇⲟⲙⲁ) is a euphemism for same-sex sexual activity, condemned in early monastic literature. It reflects the ascetic concern with sexual purity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a communal discourse (Abba Macarius and Abba Moses speaking) to a personal encounter with a brother in transgression, marking a narrative transition from teaching to pastoral care.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'the number 7' and 'the 9th' suggests numerological significance in the monastic tradition, possibly referencing the seven gifts of the Spirit or the nine orders of angels, though the exact referent is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numbers 7 and 9 (ⲍ and ⲑ) are given without explicit explanation; they may refer to specific spiritual stages or groups of martyrs.","The phrase 'the one that was hidden from me' (ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲕⲏⲛ ⲉⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ) is ambiguous: it could mean the sin was hidden from the brother's awareness, or that the partner was concealed."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":70,"ref":"p70","source":"ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϫⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲧⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲡⲓⲁⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏ\nⲡⲓϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲑⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛⲧⲉϥ ϫⲱⲕ ⲡⲓⲃⲟⲏⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲙⲙⲟⲛⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ϧⲉⲛ\n(-ϥ︦ Cod. ϥ︦ⲃ︦-) ⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲉⲗϫⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲟⲛ\nⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ\nⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲣⲉϥⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ.\nⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲉⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲡⲓⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ϫⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲥϩⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϣⲱϣ ⲉⲧⲟⲩϯ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲥ ⲉⲥϣⲱⲡ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲥ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nⲛⲑⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲁⲕϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫⲣⲏϯ\nⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ϯⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ϩⲟⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ. ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲙⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ ϣⲁ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ϣⲁ ⲍ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲍ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲍ̄ ⲛⲟ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ.\n(-ϥ︦ⲁ︦-) ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲉ","english":"...and when we had prayed, we sat down to speak of the honor of progress according to God, and of the good conduct and the establishment of the practical life that is in the monastery. And after these things, Abba Macarius said to him, \"My son, find a helper, a support for the time without beginning, the eternal work that is constant, which has no end, the helper of those who have no hope except in him alone, the name that is sweet in the mouth of everyone, the only remedy, the perfect life, that of the hours that bind the heart, our Lord Jesus Christ, our true God. Let this be for you a helper and a supporter and a forgiver. My son, I say to you, if a virgin falls into the brothel and she preserves the formation, I say to you, because of the shame of her face and the cries that are given to her, if she is in joy, Christ rejoices over her like a virgin. Likewise you also, my son, since you have revealed your cry according to the way that the holy Scripture said, 'Reveal your sins to one another so that you may pray over yourselves and a forgiveness may happen for you and you may be saved.' For also Peter said to the Lord, 'I have forgiven my brother how many times?' up to seven times. The good God said to him, 'I say to you not seven times, but seventy times seven times.'\" Abba Macarius said, \"Like one who if he goes...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ (Greek παρθένος) is rendered 'virgin' in the fixed glossary. In this passage it is used both literally (a virgin who falls into a brothel) and figuratively (Christ rejoices over her 'like a virgin'), maintaining the technical sense of physical or spiritual integrity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Reveal your sins to one another' echoes a common monastic exhortation for mutual confession, possibly derived from James 5:16 or early catechetical tradition, though not a direct biblical quotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ ϣⲁ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ϣⲁ ⲍ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ","severity":"info","text":"The dialogue between Peter and the Lord about forgiving a brother 'up to seven times' and 'seventy times seven times' is an apocryphal exchange, not found in canonical Scripture, but known from early Christian literature (e.g., the 'Shepherd of Hermas' or later monastic traditions).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ (Greek παραπτώμα) means 'fall' or 'transgression,' but here it is used in the concrete sense of a 'brothel' (a place of moral fall), reflecting the Coptic text's vivid imagery of a virgin's fall into sin.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The passage ends with an incomplete sentence ('Like one who if he goes...'), indicating that the Coptic text is fragmentary at this point, likely due to a lacuna in the manuscript or a break in the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲡⲧⲱⲙⲁ' is ambiguous: it can mean 'fall' (moral lapse) or 'brothel' (a place). The context of a virgin and cries suggests the latter, but the reading is not certain.","The incomplete final sentence ('Like one who if he goes...') leaves the narrative unresolved; the intended conclusion is unknown."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":71,"ref":"p71","source":"ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϫⲱⲕⲉⲙ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲃⲁϣϥ ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲃⲱⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϫⲱⲕⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉϥϫⲉⲣϫⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ. ⲫⲁⲓ\nⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϯ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉⲉⲣ ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲃⲁϣϥ ⲛⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϥⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲙⲉϩ ⲛϩⲏⲇⲟⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲉⲣⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲧⲉⲓⲛ ⲓⲉ ⲉϭⲓ\nⲛⲧⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⲛϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲓϯ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲉⲣϫⲓ. ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲅⲩⲃⲉⲣⲛⲏⲧⲏⲥ\nⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲙⲓ ⲡⲉ ϫⲉ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲡⲓⲁⲟⲩⲓⲛ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲡⲓⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ⲧⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϩⲁⲛ ϣⲏⲣⲓ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲉϥϥⲓ ⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ. ⲕⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲓⲅⲩⲃⲉⲣⲛⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲡⲁϥϣⲉⲣ ⲁⲑⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ ⲉⲡⲓϫⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲁϥϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲉϥⲁⲣⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϣ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ (-ϥⲃ Cod. ϥⲇ-) ⲓⲉ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲙⲃⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲟⲡⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ\nⲛⲧⲉϥⲱⲙⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ\nⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧⲥϣⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁϣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧ ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲃⲱⲛ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ ⲁⲑⲣⲱⲟⲩϣ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲑⲗⲱⲓϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁⲣⲕⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲟⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲉⲅⲕⲗⲏⲙⲁ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲃϣϥ ⲉⲧⲅⲩⲙⲛⲁⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ⲉⲥⲓⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲗⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲡⲓⲃⲟⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲁⲡⲟⲧⲁⲅⲏ ⲛⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲁ.","english":"...and when we had prayed, we sat down to speak of the honor of progress according to God, and of the good conduct and the establishment of the practical life that is in the monastery. And after these things, Abba Macarius said, \"He cannot reach the place of perfection. But if he has not stripped himself of all his garments, he has no power to reach perfection, nor all his passions. This is like one who has taken upon himself to become a monk, for he has stripped himself of all the cares of this world and all its desires, which are full of vile pleasure. He has no power to make progress or to receive the progress of virtue, nor his strength to overcome all the snares of the enemy, which are the passions. Abba Macarius the Great said, 'Like the helmsman, who is the pilot, he is in danger for the ship and the cargo until he moors it in the harbor. Likewise, a spiritual father who has children with him takes care for their salvation. For the helmsman does not cease to care for the ship at any time, but he examines his ropes, what water is against him or what is favorable to him, until he has all his places, lest he sink in the waters and be destroyed. Likewise, he who is a father over the brothers ought to examine all the passions and the evil thoughts of the demons that are in them, what among all these passions goes against their souls, lest he cease to care for the fleshly, that a danger may come to him and an accusation before God, because he neglected the discipline of the brothers who are with him until they are cast into the sea and the tyrannical waves of the evil demon, the enemy of renunciation and continence.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲅⲩⲃⲉⲣⲛⲏⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword κυβερνήτης (kybernētēs) means 'helmsman' or 'pilot'. The Coptic text glosses it with ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲙⲓ, 'the one who steers', reinforcing the nautical metaphor for spiritual guidance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ (limēn) is a Greek loanword for 'harbor', a common metaphor in early monastic literature for spiritual safety or salvation, as seen in the Apophthegmata Patrum.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ","severity":"info","text":"The passage uses the comparative formula ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ('like') twice to introduce extended similes: first comparing the monk to a helmsman, then the spiritual father to a pilot. This rhetorical structure is typical of Coptic monastic instruction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲃⲁϣϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲃⲁϣϥ is obscure; it may be a scribal error or a rare compound. The context suggests it means 'he has not stripped himself', but the exact reading is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ('the Great') distinguishes Abba Macarius of Scetis from other Macarii, reflecting his authoritative status in Coptic monastic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲃⲁϣϥ is uncertain; it may be a scribal corruption or a rare verb form. The reading 'he has not stripped himself' is inferred from context.","The clause ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲙⲃⲟⲛⲓ ⲛⲁϥ (line 12) is ambiguous: it could mean 'what is favorable to him' or 'what is good for him'; the translation 'what is favorable' is adopted."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":72,"ref":"p72","source":"ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ\nⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲉϯⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⲉϥϯ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ\nⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϯⲉⲅⲕⲣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲛⲁϥⲉⲣⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡ- (-ϥ︦ⲅ︦-) ⲧⲉⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲏⲛⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥϯ ⲁⲓⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲥⲟⲗⲥⲉⲗ ⲛϯⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲓⲧ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛϯⲣⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲛⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲏ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱⲕ ϣⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉϯⲡⲣⲁⲕⲧⲓⲕⲏ ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲕⲏ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ\nϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲏϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱϥ ⲙⲫⲙⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ\nⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲣ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲁϥ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲛⲓⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ","english":"They said concerning Abba Macarius the Great that a cherub was with him from the day he began the progress, giving him strength and giving him counsel for self-control. And in these things he progressed continually, giving increase in the practice of virtue, so that his good reputation covered all Romania and the places of the sun, for truly all were drawn to him for the angelic practical life, because of the fragrance of the lifting up of his high way of life, so that he passed from death into eternal life. Our Lord Jesus Christ granted him grace, so that he might see the sins of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲟⲩⲭⲉⲣⲟⲩⲃⲓⲙ (a cherub) is a direct borrowing from Greek χερουβίμ, itself from Hebrew. In monastic literature, a cherub often symbolizes divine presence or angelic guidance, here accompanying the monk from the start of his progress.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered as 'grace' per the pinned glossary, denoting unearned divine favour. Here it is granted by Christ to Macarius, enabling him to see sins, consistent with the term's theological usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'all Romania' (ⲣⲱⲙⲁⲛⲓⲁ) likely refers to the Roman Empire or its eastern provinces, not the modern nation. In Coptic hagiography, it denotes the broad reach of Macarius's reputation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'eternal life' (ⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ) echoes New Testament language (e.g., John 3:16, 1 John 2:25), common in Coptic monastic texts to contrast earthly asceticism with heavenly reward.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a third-person report ('They said concerning Abba Macarius') to a narrative of his spiritual progress, culminating in a Christological grant of grace. This structure is typical of Coptic monastic vitae, blending anecdote and theological reflection.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Macarius's reputation covering 'all Romania and the places of the sun' reflects the widespread veneration of Macarius the Great in Coptic tradition, where he is a model of ascetic virtue and divine favour.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲛⲓⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲏ ('the places of the sun') is ambiguous: it may refer to the East (where the sun rises) or to all illuminated regions, i.e., the known world. The reading taken follows the English draft as a poetic expression of universal fame.","The phrase ⲉϥϯ ⲁⲓⲁⲓ ('giving increase') is textually uncertain; the Coptic may be corrupt. The reading assumes it means 'giving increase' in virtue."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":73,"ref":"p73","source":"ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉϩ ⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲕⲓ ⲛⲁⲃⲁϫⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲑⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲭⲣⲉⲙⲣⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϫⲉ ϥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲉϥⲉⲣ\nϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉⲡⲓⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲛϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲧⲱⲛⲕ ⲟⲩⲁϩⲕ ⲛⲥⲱⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲁⲛⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲉϥⲟⲣϥ\nⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ (-ϥ︦ⲇ︦ Cod. ϥ︦ⲋ︦-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲣⲏⲥⲩⲭⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲓⲟⲣⲉⲙ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϩⲱⲥ\nⲉⲓⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ\nϩⲗⲓ ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲭⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲓϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ. ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲩⲭⲏ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ ϫⲓⲛⲓⲟⲣ. ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲣⲱϥ ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲛϩⲙⲟⲧ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲡⲉⲛ︦ⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲛⲁϭⲓ ⲛⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲁ ⲛϫⲱϫ\nⲛⲛⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲓⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲫⲱⲧ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲓⲉ ϣⲁ ⲑⲛⲁⲩ ⲥⲉϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ. ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ","english":"...the men like a lamp placed in a dark place, and it covered them all, taking the form of God. Abba Papnoute, the disciple of my father Abba Macarius, said: They revealed the old man concerning a worker, that he should work in a state of not being disturbed, and that he should be in great patience, hoping for the end of the eternal life. And when he arose in a certain hour, he said to me: \"Rise, follow me.\" And when we walked, we came to a deserted place by the river (the distance of 500 cubits, Cod. 600 cubits), and while we were sitting and hesychazing, the old man was weeping in a vision. I said to him with boldness, as one who is confident and knows that through the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ nothing is impossible for him: \"Father, command me to speak this word.\" He said to me: \"My son, what is the matter?\" And I answered him, saying: \"Pray, so that we may go.\" He answered and said to me with a joyful and grace-filled countenance: \"My son, shall we not pray to our Lord Jesus Christ, or shall I take the power of the chief of the apostles, Peter, or shall we flee from him the vain glory of men, or until men give us glory?\" When he said these things...","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ϩⲙⲟⲧ is rendered 'grace' in this passage, referring to unearned divine favour, here specifically of the Lord Jesus Christ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Papnoute is identified as a disciple of Abba Macarius; the name is a Coptic form of the Greek Paphnutius, a common monastic figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲉⲥⲩⲭⲁⲍⲉⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword hesychazein (to be still, to practice hesychasm) is used here in a monastic context, indicating silent prayer or contemplative stillness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our Lord Jesus Christ' (ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ) is a standard Christological title, but the context of grace and power echoes New Testament themes of divine enablement (cf. 2 Cor 12:9).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Peter as 'chief of the apostles' (ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ) reflects early Christian and monastic tradition that Peter held primacy among the apostles, a common trope in Coptic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϥ︦ⲇ︦ / ϥ︦ⲋ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The distance to the deserted place is given as 500 cubits in the manuscript, with a variant reading of 600 cubits (Cod. ϥ︦ⲋ︦). This textual variation suggests scribal uncertainty or correction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'taking the form of God' (ⲉϥϭⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲫ︦ϯ︦) is ambiguous: it may mean the lamp (or the men) assumed a divine appearance, or that it took on the image of God in a metaphorical sense. The reading taken is that the lamp covered the men and took on the form of God.","The identity of 'the old man' (ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ) is ambiguous: it could refer to Abba Macarius or another elder. The context suggests it is Macarius, as the disciple Papnoute is speaking of his father."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Dialogue: the passage is carried by direct speech and the verbs that introduce it. Speech boundaries are the translator's punctuation, not the manuscript's."}]},{"i":74,"ref":"p74","source":"ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ\nⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲫⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ\n(-ϥ︦ⲉ︦-) ϫⲓⲛⲓⲟⲣ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟϥ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲁ ⲡⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲙⲟⲛⲓ\nⲉⲡⲓⲭⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲏⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁϥⲥⲁⲧⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲙⲏⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛϥⲱϫⲓ ⲉϯⲕⲏ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϭⲓⲧⲕ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲟⲙⲥ ϫⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϩⲏⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ. ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲙⲥϥ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩϥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲧⲉⲃⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲓϩⲓⲧⲧ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ\nϧⲁⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲓϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛϩⲟϯ. ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥⲧ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲉⲛϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛϧⲱⲛⲧ\nⲇⲉ ⲉⲡⲓϯⲙⲓ ⲁⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nϯ ⲛⲓⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲟⲗϩ\nⲙⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲧⲡ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲓⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲛϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϩⲣⲁϥ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲁⲥⲡⲁⲍⲉⲥⲑⲁⲓ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϯϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲁϫⲡ\nⲓ︦ⲁ︦. ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ (-ϥ︦ⲋ︦ Cod. ϥ︦ⲏ︦-) ⲫⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲕⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ","english":"Behold, a beast appeared that was in the waters. Saint Abba Macarius said to him, \"It is the will of my Lord Jesus Christ that you should not harm us.\" And after he said this, the beast went to the shore, and when it came up to him, it stretched out to be bound, and when we went to the other side, my father Abba Macarius said to him, \"Take you by force, yoke yourself, and my Lord Jesus Christ will give you your reward.\" After he yoked it, a great cow appeared, and when I saw this great wonder, I fell down at the feet of his sandals, being in great fear. He then arose in this manner, and we walked giving glory to our Lord Jesus Christ. And when we arrived at the village, we sat down, and our righteous father Abba Macarius would give the blessing to those who would come. Behold, he saw the worker coming, carrying the gift of patience. He said, \"Behold, a chosen and honored vessel.\" And when he stood up before him, he greeted him and said to him, \"Peace to you, worker of the covenant of God.\" He also answered and said, \"According to the will of my Lord Jesus Christ.\" Our father Abba Macarius said to him, \"What kind of work do you do?","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ (holy) before ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ marks Macarius as a saint in the Coptic tradition, consistent with the hagiographic genre.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'my Lord Jesus Christ' (ⲡⲁⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ) is a standard Coptic nomina sacra, invoking Christ's authority in the exorcism of the beast.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The beast (ⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ) emerging from water and being yoked echoes the trope of desert fathers taming wild animals, symbolizing the subjugation of passions through obedience to Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated exclamation ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ('Behold') frames two visionary episodes—the beast and the worker—structuring the narrative as a series of revelations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The greeting ϯϩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛⲁⲕ ('Peace to you') uses the Greek loanword ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ, a standard monastic salutation, not a comment on civil order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲧⲁ (-ϥⲋ Cod. ϥⲏ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a scribal correction: ⲕⲁⲧⲁ (-ϥⲋ Cod. ϥⲏ-). The intended reading is uncertain; the English draft renders 'According to the will of my Lord Jesus Christ', which is plausible but not fully secure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲕⲁⲧⲁ (-ϥⲋ Cod. ϥⲏ-) is corrupt; the reading 'according to the will' is inferred from context.","The identity of the 'worker' (ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ) is not specified—whether a historical figure or a symbolic type."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":75,"ref":"p75","source":"ⲓⲉ ⲉⲕϭⲓ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲛⲓⲙ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲉⲣ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲧϯ ⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲏⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ.\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ϯⲫⲱⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲁϩ\nⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲕϫⲱ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ.\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲛⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲙⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛⲕⲉⲗϫ ⲕⲉⲗⲓ ⲁⲛϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nⲁⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲃⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲕⲉⲕⲟⲥⲙⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛϯⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲁ ⲡⲁϩⲱⲃ ⲣⲁⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲡⲁⲟⲥ\nⲓ︦︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲉ ϩⲟⲗⲱⲥ ⲣⲱ ϯⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲉⲭⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ\n(-ϥ︦ⲍ︦-) ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ\nⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲣ ⲡⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϩⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲏⲓ ⲉⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲓⲟⲣ ⲁϥⲥⲁⲧⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲡⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲏ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲣⲉⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ","english":"Then he received a tax from him. The worker said to him, \"I work for a ruler of the land and the king who is in the heavens who gives me a tax.\" Father Abba Macarius said to him, \"I am not strengthened concerning this in this manner.\" The worker said to him, \"I am strengthened concerning the voice of the Lord of the grape harvest.\" Father Abba Macarius said to him, \"In what way do you say this?\" The worker said to him, \"He himself said, 'Call the workers, give them their tax.' And these we have gathered, we have spoken, we have prayed in this manner, we have arisen, we have walked, while our father Abba Macarius was silent, saying, 'Woe to you, Macarius, for behold, not even in the manner of this worldly worker am I strengthened, for my work has pleased my Lord Jesus Christ.' Or even, 'Am I worthy of a tax of the land, or rather of the heavens?' After these things, when we had again gone up to the river, the holy father Abba Macarius said to me, 'My son, let us perform the form of this humanity, draw near.' And when we had gone up to the bank, he turned to the south, and when we had walked a little, Father Abba Macarius said to me, 'Let us sit a little, my son.' And while we were sitting, we wept.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲉⲭⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ⲃⲉⲭⲉ (bekhe) is rendered as 'tax' in the English draft, but it can also mean 'tribute' or 'wage'. The context of a worker receiving payment from a ruler supports the sense of a compulsory payment or due.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲅⲁⲧⲏⲥ (pi-ergatēs) means 'worker' or 'laborer'. In this monastic context, it likely refers to a manual laborer or a tenant farmer, contrasting with the spiritual labor of the monk.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁϩⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the voice of the Lord of the grape harvest' (ϯⲫⲱⲛⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲁϩⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ) may allude to a parable or saying about vineyard workers, possibly echoing Matthew 20:1-16 (the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard) or a similar tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the king who is in the heavens' (ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ) reflects a dualistic worldview common in Coptic monastic literature, contrasting earthly rulers with divine authority. This aligns with the theme of spiritual taxation or reward.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage alternates between dialogue and narrative, with the worker's claims about taxation serving as a foil for Macarius's self-deprecating reflection. The shift to weeping after sitting marks a transition from external debate to internal penitence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁϩⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'Lord of the grape harvest' (ⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲁϩⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ) is ambiguous: it could refer to a deity of wine or a metaphorical figure. The Coptic text may contain a textual corruption or a rare epithet, and the exact referent is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the Lord of the grape harvest' is unclear; it may be a divine figure or a local cultic reference.","The phrase 'I am not strengthened concerning this' (ⲁⲛ ⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ) is ambiguous: it could mean Macarius denies being empowered or authorized in this matter.","The transition from dialogue to weeping is abrupt; the narrative may be condensed or missing a connecting phrase."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":76,"ref":"p76","source":"ⲙⲡⲓⲉⲙⲓ ⲉϩⲗⲓ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲡⲏⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ. ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲓ\nⲛϣⲧⲟⲡ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ\nⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲃⲃⲁⲕⲟⲩⲙ ⲛⲉⲙⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲁⲛ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲡⲏⲗⲁⲓⲟⲛ\nⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ ⲉⲥⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲧⲥⲙⲏ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲏϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ. ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲁϥⲕⲱⲗϫ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲙⲟϯ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲁϥⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲁϥⲫⲱⲛϩ ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ. (-ϥ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ⲣ̄-) ⲉⲧⲁⲓϯ ϩⲑⲏⲓ ⲇⲉ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲟⲩⲗ ⲡⲉ\nⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲛⲁⲙ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϭⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲁⲧϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲓⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲁⲓϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ⲉⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫⲏ\nⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲃⲉⲗⲗⲉ ⲙⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲕⲉϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲁ ⲑⲙⲉⲧϫⲱⲃ\nⲙⲡⲁⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲗϭⲟϥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲟϥ ⲁϥϩⲉⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲟⲩⲗ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲕⲱⲗϫ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲙⲟϯ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲁϥϯ ⲫⲓ ⲉⲛⲁϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲓⲭⲁϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦\nⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ ϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲧⲟϣ ϫⲉ ϣⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲛⲓⲕⲉⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲥⲉⲣⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ.","english":"I did not know anything until I reached the cave. He said to me, \"Come, let us go, my father.\" He said to me, \"Let us give glory to our Lord Jesus Christ, for he who fought against Abba Koum and Philip is the same one who led the way for us.\" Abba Macarius said, \"While I was still sitting in the cave, I heard a voice crying out like the sound of a thunderbolt, and when I came out I saw a great dragon. When it saw me, it coiled its coils, bowed down to me, and then stood up and turned its face away from me. (-ⲫ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ⲣ̄-) When I gave heed, behold, there was a splinter in its right eye, and I took for myself the mercies of our Lord Jesus Christ and the invincible power of the cross, I subdued it, I struck it in the face, saying, 'Our Lord Jesus Christ, who opened the eyes of the blind man, have mercy on the labor of this beast of your creation.' And what I said came to pass: the splinter fell from its eye, and it coiled its coils three times, gave a roar, and in this way I released it, and it went away. And I give glory to our Lord Jesus Christ for his strong mercies, that even the other beasts submit to him for their part.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The dragon's action of bowing (ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ) is the same verb used for prostration in worship, underscoring the creature's submission to the saint.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛ ⲛⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲃⲉⲗⲗⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'who opened the eyes of the blind man' echoes the Gospel healing of the man born blind (John 9:1–7), a common typology for Christ's power over darkness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The dragon (ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ) is a stock figure in hagiography, symbolising demonic or chaotic forces that the saint subdues through prayer and the sign of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲕⲱⲗϫ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲙⲟϯ ⲛⲅ̄ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ","severity":"info","text":"The dragon coils three times before roaring, a triadic pattern that echoes ritual or liturgical gestures, reinforcing the theme of submission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"(-ϥ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ⲣ̄-)","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript note (-ϥ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ⲣ̄-) indicates a scribal correction or variant; the exact reading of the numeral or abbreviation is uncertain, possibly a page or line number.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Abba Koum and Philip' is unclear; they may be figures from a lost narrative or local tradition.","The phrase 'I did not know anything until I reached the cave' could imply either ignorance of the dragon or a state of spiritual unawareness."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","text":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ → “worship”. ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ is to bow or prostrate in worship, distinct from ⲟⲩⲱϣ 'to wish'. The gesture matters in martyrdom scenes before an official."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ","text":"ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ carries more than one sense (bow down, prostrate); this passage takes it as “worship”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":77,"ref":"p77","source":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥϣⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲛⲉϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲕⲉⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ ϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ\nⲉϥⲥⲓϯ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲑⲱⲕ\nⲉϯⲕⲁⲙⲓⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ (-ϥⲑ-) ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲛⲗⲟⲃϣ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲡⲁϥϯ\nⲁⲥⲟ ⲉϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲑⲱⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲙⲡⲁϥϯ ⲁⲥⲟ ⲉϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲗⲉⲃϣ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϭⲱϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲉ. ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲱϣⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉϥϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲥ ⲑⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲁⲧϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲣⲱϫⲡ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲧϫⲱⲃ ϧⲁⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲩⲱϣⲉⲙ ⲛⲛⲓϫⲁⲗ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲧⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲙⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲑⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲙⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲧⲉϥⲃⲉⲣⲃⲉⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲑⲙⲉϩ\nⲛⲑⲉⲗⲏⲗ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲙⲫⲛⲁⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ ⲉⲓⲣⲟⲕϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲓⲃⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲏⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϯⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲙⲁϣⲱ\nⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲣⲟϣⲕ ⲛϫⲉ ϯϧⲏⲓⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ϩⲓ ⲙⲁ","english":"Abba Euagrios asked Abba Makarios, who was still sitting beside him, along with some other brothers, \"How does Satan find all these evil thoughts and sow them among the brothers?\" Abba Makarios said to him, \"He who works the kiln brings many coals to his hands and does not put them all into the fire at once. In the same way, the devil is a worker, and he does not put all his evil garments, which are the passions, into the heart of anyone at once. But now we also see that water extinguishes the power and strength of fire. In the same way, the help of the protector, our Lord Jesus Christ, and the invincible power of the cross, if we arm ourselves with the virtue of work, they extinguish all the snares of the malice of Satan from us, and they cause our heart to be filled and to burn in the spiritual fire of heaven and to be filled with joy.\"\n\nAbba Euagrios also said, \"I turned to Abba Makarios at the time of the heat, burning from the sun. I said to him, 'I am very thirsty, my father.' He said to me, 'Let the thirst burn you, for there are many on the...'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic uses ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (the devil) as a synonym for ⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ (Satan), a common pairing in monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓϭⲱϧⲉⲙ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲓϭⲱϧⲉⲙ (the passions) glosses the evil garments (ⲗⲉⲃϣ) of the devil, a metaphor for sinful impulses in ascetic psychology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'spiritual fire of heaven' echoes early Christian imagery of divine light and fire, possibly alluding to the Holy Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 2:3–4) or to the fire of divine love in ascetic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲥⲧⲏⲥ (the protector) is a rare Greek loanword (σκεπαστής) in Coptic, used here as a title for Christ, emphasizing his sheltering role against demonic attacks.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a dialogue within a narrative frame: Abba Euagrios poses a question, and Abba Makarios answers with an extended analogy (kiln worker, then water and fire), followed by a second exchange about thirst.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲟⲛ (-ϥⲑ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a parenthetical or corrupt insertion (-ϥⲑ-) after ⲟⲩⲟⲛ, likely a scribal error or marginal note; the translation omits it.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲟⲩⲟⲛ (-ϥⲑ-) is unclear; it may be a scribal corruption or a marginal insertion. The translation reads it as 'anyone' without the parenthetical.","The final sentence is cut off in the Coptic (ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ϩⲓ ⲙⲁ), leaving the conclusion of Abba Makarios' reply incomplete."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":78,"ref":"p78","source":"ⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ϯⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲣⲟⲕϩ (-ⲣ̄ Cod. ⲣ︦ⲃ︦-) ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛϧⲁⲓⲉ ⲛϯⲕⲉϧⲏⲓⲃⲓ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲓϩⲓⲟⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲉⲧⲏ. ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲫⲩⲥⲉⲓ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲓⲉⲣ ⲕ̄ ϯ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲁϩ ϧⲏⲧ ⲛⲱⲓⲕ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲛⲓⲙ\nⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲁⲓⲣⲁⲕⲧ ⲉϯϫⲟⲓ ϣⲁ ϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲣⲟⲙ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ\nϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲥⲙⲏ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲥ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ\nⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉϭⲓ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲁⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϫⲟⲙ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧϭⲓ ⲥⲃⲱ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲁⲓϥ. ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲁ\nⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ\nⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲏ. ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲁϣϫ\nⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲉⲩⲭⲱ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ\nⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥⲙⲏ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ (-ⲣ︦ⲁ︦-) ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲁϣϫ ⲙⲙⲟϥ\nⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ. ⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲫⲩⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲁϣϫ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ","english":"...they walk, I see a fire (—Cod. 2—) that is like a flame of the other hearth. And after these things, I sat with him concerning the virtues. He said to me, \"My son, by nature I have spent twenty years in the inner part of the bread, neither water nor anything else, but I would go to the river and struggle a little to get a bit of air.\"\n\nAbba Makarios the Great said, \"You know in your hearts that you rejoice in the voice of the Lord, not only hearing it, but also receiving instruction from it. For all who hear the word of God in its full power, it is also they who receive instruction from it. For many hear the word of God, but they did not hear it in the power of God and with its fullness. Because of this, they did not walk forward. Our Lord Jesus Christ says concerning those of this kind, crying out, 'He who has ears to hear, let him hear.' For all who hear, it is not to him that this voice belongs (—1—), but 'He who has ears to hear, let him hear.' Our Lord Jesus Christ knows the nature of the devil, that he fights with souls so that they do not allow them to hear the word of God and be saved. Because of this, he said, 'He who has ears to hear, let him hear.'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ (the Great) distinguishes Abba Makarios of Scetis from other figures named Makarios in the Sayings tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲁϣϫ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ","severity":"info","text":"This is a direct citation of Matthew 11:15 (or a variant in the Coptic tradition), where Jesus urges attentive hearing. The Coptic text explicitly attributes it to ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲓⲉⲣ ⲕ̄ ⲧⲓ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲁϩ ϧⲏⲧ ⲛⲱⲓⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'inner part of the bread' (ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩ ϧⲏⲧ ⲛⲱⲓⲕ) likely refers to the monastic practice of extreme asceticism, possibly a cell or a confined space, not a literal loaf. The Coptic is ambiguous.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲩⲣⲟⲕϩ (-ⲣ̄ Cod. ⲣ︦ⲃ︦-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a marginal note (-ⲣ̄ Cod. ⲣ︦ⲃ︦-) indicating a variant reading or correction in the manuscript. The exact meaning of the fire image is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a first-person narrative (the disciple's account) to a direct saying of Abba Makarios the Great, introduced by ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'inner part of the bread' (ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩ ϧⲏⲧ ⲛⲱⲓⲕ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a cell or a confined space, not a literal loaf. The marginal note (-ⲣ̄ Cod. ⲣ︦ⲃ︦-) on the fire image suggests a textual variant whose significance is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":79,"ref":"p79","source":"ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲥⲉⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϩⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉϭⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nⲉⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ. ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ\nⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲟⲙ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϩⲏ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲥϫⲉⲙ\nⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲛ ⲉϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲭⲏ\nⲛⲧⲟⲧⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ ϭⲉⲡ ϫⲱⲣⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲥ ⲛⲥϫⲉⲙ ⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲛ ⲉϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϩⲗⲓ\nⲙⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗⲛϧⲏⲧⲥ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲑⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ\nⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥ ⲥⲛⲟϥⲉⲣ ⲛϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥⲫⲏⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲁϥϭⲓ ϣⲓⲡⲓ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟ‐ (-ⲣⲃ Cod. ⲣⲇ-) ⲗⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϫⲉ ⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲫϯ ϥϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲥⲏϥⲓ\nⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲣⲟ ⲃ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ϣⲁ ⲛⲓϫⲓ ⲛⲫⲱϣ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲛⲓϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲁⲧⲕⲁⲥ. ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲭⲁ ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ϫⲉ ⲡⲱⲥ ϥϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲓⲡⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ\nϣⲁⲣⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲥⲟⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲧϩ ⲉⲥϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲩⲓ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ϥⲉⲣⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲟⲛⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲛⲓⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ. ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲣ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲧϩⲏ ⲛϩⲗⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ϯϩⲗⲏϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲛⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧϫⲟⲣ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧϯ\nϫⲟⲙ ⲛϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϧⲁ ⲧϩⲏ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲥⲑⲣⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲉⲣ ϩⲏⲧ\nⲛϫⲱⲣⲓ ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ϥϫⲟⲣ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲛⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲓ.","english":"...they walk, I see a fire (—Cod. 2—) that is like a flame of the other hearth. And after these things, I sat with him concerning the virtues. He said to me, \"My son, by nature I have spent twenty years in the inner part\n\nLet them hear, for if they hear, they come to the front and they are strong against all the passions of the soul and the body. For the soul cannot hear the word of God with a strong power, it does not come to the front, nor does it find a way to give to the passions of the body, because the word of God is not in it, and the enemy seizes a place over it, and it finds no way to cast out any evil passion from within it entirely. But the soul itself, when the word is with it, it runs and pursues the passions away from itself, and it casts out Satan, who flees from it, for he has been put to shame. For it is written in the Apostle (—Cod. 2—) thus: \"The word of God casts out more than any sword of two edges, and it enters into the joints of the soul and the coverings and the sinews.\" You see that if a man is allowed to hear the word of God, how he casts out the passions. But if he is not allowed to hear, the soul becomes idle, casting out nothing from the evil thoughts. Therefore the devil despises those who are like this. For these ones have spent their whole life in the monastic life and the virgin life, and they have not come to the front of anything, nor have they known the sweetness of God, which is sweeter than honey and the date, nor have they known the power of God, which is stronger than anything, which gives strength to the soul day by day, and it prepares itself to be strong in heart. For it is written that the heart of the righteous is stronger than that of lions.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Greek ψυχή) is rendered 'soul' per the pinned glossary, but here it also denotes the living person in a monastic context, as in 'the soul cannot hear' and 'the soul becomes idle'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ (Greek διάβολος) is rendered 'devil' per the pinned glossary, referring to the personified adversary who despises those who fail to hear the word of God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲫϯ ϥϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲥⲏϥⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲣⲟ ⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The passage quotes an apostolic saying: 'The word of God casts out more than any sword of two edges.' This is not a direct biblical citation but a paraphrase attributed to 'the Apostle' (likely Paul), echoing themes of spiritual warfare.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϥϫⲟⲣ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲛⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The text states 'the heart of the righteous is stronger than that of lions,' a proverbial comparison not found verbatim in Scripture but reflecting a common ascetic trope of spiritual fortitude.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'monastic life and the virgin life' reflects the dual ideals of Coptic monasticism: celibacy and communal or eremitic asceticism, central to the Macarian corpus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟ‐ (-ⲣⲃ Cod. ⲣⲇ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a scribal note: '(-ⲣⲃ Cod. ⲣⲇ-)' indicating a variant in the manuscript (Cod. 2 vs. Cod. 4) for the word 'Apostle.' This suggests textual instability in the citation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲉⲧϩⲏ' (to the front) is ambiguous: it may mean 'to the forefront' (spiritually) or 'to the beginning' (of the path). The reading taken is 'to the front' as a metaphor for spiritual progress.","The identity of 'the enemy' (ⲡⲓϫⲁϫⲓ) is ambiguous: it could be the devil or a generic adversary; the context equates it with Satan."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ","text":"ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ → “devil”. Greek διάβολος; the personified adversary in hagiography. 'Slanderer' is the etymological sense and is not used in this corpus."}]},{"i":80,"ref":"p80","source":"ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲧ (-ⲣⲅ-) ⲛⲛⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ϫⲟⲣ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲉϥϫⲟⲣ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲭⲱ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϭⲓ ⲛϯϧⲣⲉ ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲙⲫϯ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϫⲟⲣ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲩⲭⲱ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϭⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯϧⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϫⲉ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ϧⲁ ⲧϩⲏ\nⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲭⲁϥ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯϧⲣⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲉⲣ ⲁⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲛⲉϥϫⲁϫⲓ ϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲏϥ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲣⲟϥ\nⲛⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ. ϯⲛⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲁϯ ⲁⲣⲓⲁⲥⲕⲉⲓⲛ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯϧⲣⲉ ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲛⲧⲟⲩϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲟⲩϫⲁϫⲓ. ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲥⲉϯ\nⲁⲛ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ϭⲁϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ (-ⲣⲇ Cod. ⲣⲋ-) ⲥⲉϭⲓ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲁ\nⲛⲓⲇⲁⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲭⲱ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯϧⲣⲉ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϩⲓⲛⲁ\nⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲙϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ. ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲉⲣ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲱⲛϧ","english":"...they walk, I see a fire (—Cod. 2—) that is like a flame of the other hearth. And after these things, I sat with him concerning the virtues. He said to me, \"My son, by nature I have spent twenty years in the inner part\n\nYou see, my son, that the heart (—Cod. 103—) of the righteous is strong, how strong it is! Why? Because they set it to receive the grace of the spiritual, which is the word of God. Therefore his soul is strong like a man who sets himself to receive from the grace of the body, for he becomes strong by day under the yoke. If the days were such that they did not let him eat from the grace, his body would become weak. This is so; if his enemies attack him, they will overcome him by deceit. Now then, O my beloved, practice also yourselves to eat from the spiritual grace, so that you may find strength and overcome your enemies. Why did they not let them eat? Because their heart is not upright, nor do they enter into the inner desire of the heart, because their heart is hardened against them. And (—Cod. 104—) they receive nothing of the things of God at all. Therefore the demons do not let themselves eat from the holy grace, so that they may find strength in their soul. Therefore they spent their entire life in affliction.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲛⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"Greek πνευματικός; here glossed as 'spiritual' in contrast to bodily grace. The term anchors the ascetic metaphor of eating from spiritual food.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Rendered 'soul' per glossary; in this passage it is the seat of strength gained from spiritual grace, distinct from the body's weakness.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲥⲱⲙⲁ","severity":"info","text":"Rendered 'body' per glossary; here the body is the site of ascetic struggle, becoming weak if deprived of bodily grace.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯϧⲣⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic word ϯϧⲣⲉ (grace) is used for both bodily and spiritual nourishment, reflecting a monastic metaphor of 'eating' grace as a means of spiritual strengthening.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts the strong heart of the righteous with the hardened heart of those who do not receive spiritual grace, leading to demonic affliction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or unclear reading at the beginning (—Cod. 2—) and a parenthetical note (—Cod. 103—) that may indicate a manuscript variant or marginal annotation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ' (my son) may be a direct address from the elder to the disciple, but the identity of the speaker is not fully clarified in the surviving text.","The reference to 'twenty years in the inner part' from the previous passage is not resumed here, leaving the narrative context partially obscure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":81,"ref":"p81","source":"ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϣⲗⲁϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙⲧ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲁⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲱⲛϧ. ⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲱ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲁϯ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲡ ⲉⲧⲧⲟⲓ ⲙⲫϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲭⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ϫⲉ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ\nⲉⲓⲥⲓⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲁⲓⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲃⲏⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛ ⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲑⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲓ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ\nⲙⲡⲉⲥⲙⲁⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲥⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲙⲡⲓⲉⲣ\nⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲑⲃⲏⲗ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ\nⲙⲡⲁⲙⲁⲥ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛϯⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲛϥ ⲛϫⲉ\nⲛⲓ‐ (-ⲣⲉ-) ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲃⲱⲗ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲁϥⲉⲣ ⲟⲩⲱ\nⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲭⲱ ⲛⲛⲓϣⲁϥⲉⲩ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ϩⲁⲛ ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲟϣ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ\nⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲁⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲧⲟⲥ\nⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲱⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲧⲕⲁϯ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲗⲟⲅⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲕⲱϯ\nⲛⲥⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟϫⲛⲓ ϥⲛⲁϣⲁϣⲛⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ.","english":"...in the heat of heart and the wrath of heart and the pains of heart which are upon\nyou, a mountain together with each other for the whole time of your life. Keep yourselves, then,\nfrom this evil disturbance, O my beloved, so that you may live\nand attain the honor of God in Christ Jesus our Savior.\n\nAbba Macarius the Great said: It happened to me once\nthat I was journeying in Egypt. I came upon a fold of some sheep. I saw a ewe outside the fold which had given birth, and a wolf came\nand seized her lamb, and she was weeping, saying, \"Woe is me! If only I had not gone\noutside the fold, the wolf would not have found it to seize\nmy lamb.\" And still she was marveling at the speech of that ewe. The\nbrothers who were traveling with him asked him about the interpretation of the saying. He answered,\nsaying: \"There will be a time when the monks will leave the deserts\nand gather together into some populous villages. If\none separates himself from them, the spiritual wolf will seize his mind, that is, his understanding, and he will become\ninsensible, harder than stones and immovable, like the irrational ones. But the one who has turned\nto him in humility and without counsel will not be able to resist him,\nas in the midst of the brothers.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲗⲁⲟⲥ (Greek λαός) here refers to the laity or congregation, as distinct from the monastic community. The phrase 'populous villages' (ϩⲁⲛ ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲟϣ) suggests settled Christian communities, contrasting with the desert solitude of the monks.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The address ⲁⲃⲃⲁ (Abba) is retained from the Coptic, reflecting the Greek/Syriac honorific for a monastic elder. Here it introduces Abba Macarius the Great, a central figure in early Egyptian monasticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The parable of the ewe and the wolf draws on pastoral imagery common in Egyptian monastic literature. The 'spiritual wolf' (ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲥ) allegorizes demonic temptation or worldly distraction, a theme in the Sayings of the Desert Fathers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a direct exhortation (addressing 'my beloved') to a narrative introduced by 'Abba Macarius the Great said'. This structure is typical of Coptic monastic literature, where a saying (apophthegm) follows a moral introduction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓ‐ (-ⲣⲉ-) ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or scribal correction: ⲛⲓ‐ (-ⲣⲉ-) ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ. The intended reading is likely ⲛⲓⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ('the brothers'), with ⲣⲉ possibly a remnant of a prefix or a scribal error. The translation follows the context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛⲓ‐ (-ⲣⲉ-) ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ is ambiguous due to a lacuna; the reading 'the brothers' is assumed from context.","The identity of the 'spiritual wolf' (ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛⲛⲟⲏⲧⲟⲥ) is not explicitly defined, but it is interpreted as a demonic or worldly force."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ → “people”. Greek λαός. In liturgical description it is the congregation as distinct from the clergy, i.e. the laity."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ","text":"ⲗⲁⲟⲥ carries more than one sense (laity); this passage takes it as “people”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":82,"ref":"p82","source":"ⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ϣⲓⲏⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ\nⲉⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲁϥϥⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲁⲛ ⲃⲓⲣ ⲉⲧⲁϥϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲁϥϥⲁⲓ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ\nⲉⲧⲫⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲁϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟϥ ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϥ\nϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲃⲓⲣ.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛ ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ\nϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ (-ⲣⲋ Cod. ⲣⲏ-) ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲓϣⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲭⲱ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲑⲛⲏⲟⲩ. ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲛⲓϧⲉⲗⲗⲟ\nⲛⲏⲓ ϫⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ϭⲣⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲧⲁϫⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛ\nⲛⲁϩϯ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲙⲛⲏ ⲉϥⲉⲟⲩⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲛⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲉⲣ ⲁⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϣⲟⲣⲡⲓ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲕⲓⲁ ⲉϥϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ\nϩⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ϣⲁ ⲧⲉϥϧⲁⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϫⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲕⲏⲛ ⲉⲕⲟⲧⲧ ϩⲁ ⲫϯ ϥⲛⲁⲭⲱ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϥⲛⲁϣⲟⲡⲧ ⲉⲣⲟϥ","english":"They said concerning Abba Macarius that he was coming up from Scetis one time to Egypt. He carried some palm leaves. When he had become tired, he sat down. He raised his eyes up to the sky and said, \"Lord, you who see my weariness, and this one who made it, he found him on the river with the palm leaves.\"\n\nAbba Evagrius said, \"I sat one time with some brothers near Abba Macarius. He was speaking to us about the meanings of the Holy Scriptures. And I asked the old man, 'What is this saying in the Gospel: \"He who will blaspheme against the Holy Spirit, I will not forgive him, neither in this age nor in the one to come\"?' The old man said to me, 'This is revealed because in every kind of sin, the man who sins and does not strengthen himself in hope and firm faith, as the Lord said in the Gospel: \"If you have faith like a mustard seed, you would say to this mountain, 'Move away,' and it would move, and nothing would be impossible for you.\" But if there is a man from his first youth who is in sins until his end, and this one says in his heart, 'If I turn to God, he will not forgive me, nor will he accept me,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Abba Evagrius is likely Evagrius Ponticus (345–399 CE), a major monastic author. His appearance here as a speaker is a literary device, as he postdates Macarius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"This quotes Matthew 12:31–32 (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit). The Coptic follows the Sahidic version closely.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The 'mustard seed' (ⲛⲁⲫⲣⲓ ⲛϣⲉⲗⲧⲁⲙ) alludes to Matthew 17:20 (faith like a mustard seed). The Coptic text adapts the parable to a mountain-moving metaphor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲓⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"Scetis (ϣⲓⲏⲧ) is the famous monastic desert of Wadi El Natrun. Macarius's journey from there to Egypt (the Nile valley) is a typical monastic travel motif.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ (-ⲣⲋ Cod. ⲣⲏ-)","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript has a marginal note (-ⲣⲋ Cod. ⲣⲏ-) indicating a variant reading or correction. The sense of 'meanings' (ⲛⲟⲏⲙⲁ) is clear, but the exact textual state is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a third-person narrative about Macarius to a first-person account by Evagrius, then to a scriptural dialogue. This layered structure is typical of Coptic monastic apophthegmata.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'this one who made it' (ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟϥ) in Macarius's prayer is ambiguous: it may refer to a person who caused his weariness or to a divine figure.","The manuscript note (-ⲣⲋ Cod. ⲣⲏ-) is unclear; it may indicate a page number or a scribal correction."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":83,"ref":"p83","source":"ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲁ ⲫⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲁϥϯ ⲙⲁ ⲙⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲧⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ\nⲡⲉ ⲁϥ (-ⲣ︦ⲍ︦-) ϣⲧⲉⲙⲕⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ. ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉϥϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉϯⲃⲟⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ϯⲉⲃⲟⲗⲙⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲓⲱⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲏⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲁ ⲫⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲛϯⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲛ ⲁϥϯ ⲙⲁ\nⲙⲡⲥⲁⲧⲁⲛⲁⲥ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲁⲧⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲁⲡ ϩⲟⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲧⲁⲣⲧⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲓⲙⲓ\nⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲥⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲛⲁϫϩⲓ. ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲑⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ ⲛⲛⲁⲓ\nⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ ⲛⲥⲁⲧϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲣⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲭⲛⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲉⲧϣⲉⲛ\nϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲁϩⲱⲣ ⲛϣⲁⲛ ⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ. ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲛⲟⲙϯ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲙⲡⲛⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲕ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲡⲭⲥ\nⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲏϯ ⲉϥϯ ⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲛⲁⲛ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲑⲙⲉϩ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲯⲩⲭⲏ (-ⲣ︦ⲏ︦ Cod. ⲣ︦ⲓ︦-)\nⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","english":"In truth, this one said that one who has the power of the holy Trinity, and he gave place to Satan to come down upon him, and the sin of this one is unforgivable. He did not turn back to repent in his whole heart. Likewise also one who is in a bodily illness did not hope for help from above, like Job and the one who is separated in truth. This one said that one who has the power of the holy Trinity, and again he gave place to Satan to come down upon him, and the sin of this one is unforgivable, his judgment being worse than eternal Tartarus and the outer darkness, the place where weeping will be for him, and the trembling of the teeth. But the repentance of all these is cast away before the compassionate hearts of the merciful ones of the Lord Jesus Christ. He spoke these things to us, the holy Abba Macarius the truthful. A great comfort happened to us, and a spiritual joy, we became as if we saw the King Christ, who is in our midst giving us comfort. After all these words which he spoke to us, full of life and healing of our souls, from his mouth, the Paraclete who dwells within him, the great Abba.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Abba' is retained from the Coptic as a fixed form of address for Macarius, consistent with the glossary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲱⲃ","severity":"info","text":"Job is invoked as a model of patient suffering and trust in divine help, echoing the biblical figure's trials.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Paraclete' (Comforter) here refers to the Holy Spirit, a common designation in early Christian and monastic literature, emphasizing the Spirit's role as inspirer of Macarius's teaching.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general moral warning (unforgivable sin) to a specific narrative conclusion, with Macarius delivering a consoling discourse that culminates in a vision of Christ the King.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲣ︦ⲏ︦","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript note 'Cod. ⲣ︦ⲓ︦' indicates a variant reading for the number 110 (ⲣ︦ⲓ︦) versus 108 (ⲣ︦ⲏ︦), likely a scribal correction or marginal annotation; the exact significance is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The closing emphasis on 'spiritual joy' and the presence of Christ reflects the hagiographic purpose of the Virtues collection, which presents Macarius as a conduit of divine comfort for the monastic audience.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲟⲩⲁ ⲉϯϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ' could refer to a specific person (perhaps a monk) or be a generic 'one who'; the English draft takes it as generic.","The identity of 'ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲏⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ' (the one who is separated) is unclear; it may refer to a hermit or a person in a state of separation from God.","The manuscript number 'ⲣ︦ⲏ︦' vs. 'ⲣ︦ⲓ︦' is ambiguous; the reading adopted follows the main text."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":84,"ref":"p84","source":"ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲛϩⲓⲧⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲛϩⲟ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉϫⲱⲛ ⲁⲛϣⲉ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛϣⲉⲡ ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛϯ\nⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲟ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦.\nⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲡⲟⲓⲙⲏⲛ ϫⲉ ⲥⲟⲡ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣⲁⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ\nⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲛϣϫⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲁϭⲛⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲅⲛⲱⲙⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲟϥ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁⲧⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϫⲉ ϥϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲛⲁ ⲙⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϥϫⲟⲗϩ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲙⲡⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲇⲓⲡⲗⲟⲓⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲥ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲟⲥ ⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲟ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕⲗⲏⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲑⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲱϯ. ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲟϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲑⲉⲗⲏⲗ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ (-ⲣⲑ-) ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲱⲛϧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲑⲙⲉϩ ⲛϩⲙⲟⲧ\nϣⲁⲛϣⲉ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛϯ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲫϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲟⲩⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲫⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ.","english":"Macarius the Virtuous came upon our face, we worshipped his holy hands, and he prayed over us. We went forth from him receiving grace, and we gave glory to our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\nAbba Poimen said, \"Many times when we would go to visit Apa Macarius, we would not speak any word until we knew his disposition, that he was a pneumatophoros, and that there was in him a prophetic spirit like Elijah and all the other prophets. For he was clothed with the divine life like a double cloak through the power of the Paraclete that was in him. For at the very moment of seeing him, he was filled with the grace of God, and the glory of the Lord was upon his face. The consolation of the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete who was with him, would come down upon everyone who sat around him. If we were filled with the delight and joy and gladness of his life-giving words, which were full of grace, we would go to our dwelling place and give glory to God and his servant Apa Macarius. Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and always and unto all eternity, amen.","structure":"doxology","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲃⲃⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic retains the Greek/Syriac address 'Abba' for both Poimen and Macarius, marking the monastic register of the text.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϩⲙⲟⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The word 'grace' (ϩⲙⲟⲧ) appears twice, first in the narrative of receiving grace from Macarius, then in the description of his words as 'full of grace'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The doxology closes with the transliterated Hebrew 'amen', standard in Coptic liturgical endings.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Elijah is invoked as a model of prophetic spirit, echoing the biblical tradition of Elijah as a prophet and wonderworker (1 Kings 17–19).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a first-person plural narrative (we worshipped, we went forth) to a saying of Abba Poimen, then returns to a doxological conclusion with a trinitarian formula.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The description of Macarius as 'pneumatophoros' (spirit-bearer) and the comparison to Elijah reflect a hagiographic ideal that shaped later Coptic monastic veneration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:amelineau-monks.macarius-virtues","label":"source edition: Macarius Virtues","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Amelineau%20Monks%20of%20Egypt%20OCR%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20Results/Macarius%20Virtues%20OCR%20Output/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲁⲛϩⲓⲧⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲛϩⲟ is ambiguous: it may mean 'he came upon our face' (i.e., appeared before us) or 'he came over our face' (a gesture of blessing). The English draft takes the former.","The lacuna (-ⲣⲑ-) in the manuscript obscures a word; the English draft supplies 'gladness' based on context, but the exact reading is uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"doxology","text":"Classified as doxology from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","ref":"Luke 1:28","text":"The English carries the scriptural phrase “full of grace”, which matches Luke 1:28. The match is on the English draft; check the Coptic before quoting the verse."}]}]}