{"slug":"actsa","id":"georgian:titus:actsa","title":"Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"bible","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"biblical-version","coverage_claim":{"status":"biblical-version","text":"This is a version of a biblical text. English Bibles exist; an English translation of this particular version was not searched for."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:14Z","cost_usd":0.00205},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:actsa","work_id":"actsa","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Actus Apostolorum iberice (Redactio AB). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 31.10.2010. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":619,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":17,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":6,"work_notes":6,"external_links":0,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"actsa","abstract":"The Old Georgian Acts of the Apostles survives in two recensions, Redactions A and B, which represent distinct translation phases from a Greek base. The edition in the TITUS corpus presents both recensions side by side, enabling comparison of textual strata. The Georgian Acts likely dates from the 5th–6th centuries, based on paleographic and linguistic features of the earliest manuscripts, though no colophon or external witness confirms a precise date. The text was used in the liturgical lectionary of the Georgian Church, as marginal notes indicate pericope divisions. This edition does not include a critical apparatus or systematic collation of all known manuscripts, and the Greek base text is not identified. The English draft is a modern working translation, not a critical edition.","historical_context":"The Old Georgian Acts of the Apostles was produced in the early medieval Georgian Church, likely between the 5th and 6th centuries, a period when Georgian Christianity was consolidating its liturgical and literary traditions. The translation was made from a Greek exemplar, but the specific Greek base text remains unidentified. The two recensions, Redactions A and B, reflect different translation phases, possibly corresponding to revisions or independent translation efforts. The text was used in the Georgian liturgical lectionary, as shown by marginal notes indicating pericope divisions. The Georgian Acts circulated in monastic and ecclesiastical settings, where terms like 'God-loving one' (ღმრთისმოყუარეჰ) were common. The survival of two recensions suggests a complex transmission history, with later scribes or editors revising the earlier version. The lack of a colophon or external witness leaves the exact date uncertain, but linguistic and paleographic evidence points to the 5th–6th centuries.","significance":"The Old Georgian Acts of the Apostles is significant for the study of early Georgian Christianity and biblical translation. The two recensions, Redactions A and B, offer a rare window into the evolution of a biblical text within a single language tradition, allowing scholars to trace translation techniques, scribal practices, and liturgical use. The text also preserves readings that may reflect early Greek witnesses now lost, contributing to the textual criticism of the Acts of the Apostles. Its liturgical use underscores the integration of scripture into Georgian worship.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–6th centuries","event":"Earliest manuscripts of the Old Georgian Acts of the Apostles, based on paleographic and linguistic evidence."},{"date":"5th–6th centuries","event":"Redactions A and B produced, reflecting distinct translation phases from a Greek base."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"Georgian Acts used in liturgical lectionary, with marginal notes indicating pericope divisions."},{"date":"Modern period","event":"Edition of Redactions A and B published in the TITUS corpus, enabling comparative study."}],"relations":[{"work":"Acts of the Apostles (Greek New Testament)","relation":"Base text for the Georgian translation","key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"},{"work":"Greek Catena on Acts","relation":"Unrelated in this edition; relationship not examined","key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},{"work":"Old Georgian Bible","relation":"Part of the broader Old Georgian biblical corpus","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The exact date of the Georgian Acts is uncertain; the 5th–6th century range is based on paleographic and linguistic features, not on colophons or external witnesses.","The Greek base text underlying the Georgian Acts is not identified in this edition.","The relationship between Redactions A and B and their respective Greek exemplars is not fully established.","The English draft is a modern working translation and does not represent a critical edition or diplomatic rendering of the Old Georgian."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000437,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:21:23Z"},"checks":{"work":"actsa","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":17,"english_words":619,"source_letters":2600,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian Acts survives in two recensions, Redactions A and B, reflecting distinct translation phases. The edition in TITUS presents both, allowing comparison of textual strata.","cites":[{"key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian Acts likely dates from the 5th–6th centuries, based on paleographic and linguistic features of the earliest manuscripts. No explicit colophon or external witness confirms a precise date.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990072510730203941","label":"Catena in Acta SS. Apostolorum e Cod. Nov. Coll","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990072510730203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian Acts was used in the liturgical lectionary of the Georgian Church, as evidenced by marginal notes in some manuscripts indicating pericope divisions.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990101696180203941","label":"Acts","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990101696180203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus or systematic collation of all known Georgian manuscripts. Variants between Redactions A and B are noted but not exhaustively catalogued.","cites":[{"key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Greek base text underlying the Georgian Acts is not identified in this edition. The relationship to the Greek Catena on Acts remains unexamined here.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft provided is a modern working translation; it does not represent a critical edition or a diplomatic rendering of the Old Georgian.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"caution","text":"This is a version of a biblical text. English Bibles exist; an English translation of this particular version was not searched for."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: bible in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Actus Apostolorum iberice (Redactio AB). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 31.10.2010. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:actsa":{"label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"},"dossier:greek-catena-acta":{"label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"},"hollis:alma990072510730203941":{"label":"Catena in Acta SS. Apostolorum e Cod. Nov. Coll","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990072510730203941"},"hollis:alma990101696180203941":{"label":"Acts","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990101696180203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"პირველად ესე სიტყუაჲ ვყავ ყოვლისა მისთჳს, ჵ, ღმრთისმოყუარეო, რომელი-იგი იწყო იესუ საქმედ და სწავლად, ვიდრე დღედმდე ამაღლებისა მისისა ამცნებდა მოციქულთა სულითა წმიდითა, რომელნი-იგი გამოირჩინა, და აღმაღლდა, რომელთაცა-იგი წარუდგინა თავი თჳსი ცხოველი შემდგომად ვნებისა მისისა მრავლითა სახითა, ორმეოცთა დღეთა ეჩუენებოდა მათ და ეტყოდა სასუფეველისათჳს ღმრთისაჲსა, თანაექცეოდა მათ და ამცნებდა: \"იერუსალჱმით ნუ განეშორებით, არამედ მოელოდეთ აღთქუმასა მას მამისასა, რომელი გესმა ჩემგან. რამეთუ იოვანე ნათელ-სცემდა წყლითა, ხოლო თქუენ ნათელ-იღოთ სულითა წმიდითა არა მრავალთა დღეთა ამათ შემდგომად\". ხოლო რომელნი-იგი შეკრებულ იყვნეს, ჰკითხვიდეს მას და იტყოდეს: \"უფალო, უკუეთუ ამათ ჟამთა კუალად მოაგო სასუფეველი ისრაჱლსა?\" ხოლო თავადმან ჰრქუა მათ: \"არა თქუენი არს ცნობაჲ ჟამთაჲ გინა წელთაჲ, რომელი-იგი მამამან დადვა თჳსითა ჴელმწიფებითა; არამედ მოიღოთ ძალი მოსლვასა მას სულისა წმიდისასა თქუენ ზედა, და იყვნეთ თქუენ ჩემდა მოწამე იერუსალჱმს და ყოველსა ჰურიასტანსა და სამარიასა და ვიდრე დასასრულადმდე ქუეყანისა\". და ესე ვითარცა თქუა, ვიდრე ხედვიდესღა იგინი, აღმაღლდა და ღრუბელმან შეიწყნარა იგი თუალთაგან მათთა.","english":"First of all, I make this word concerning all of it, O God-loving one, which Jesus began in deed and teaching, until the day of his ascension he commanded the apostles by the Holy Spirit, whom he had chosen, and he ascended, to whom he presented his living self after his passion in many forms; for forty days he appeared to them and spoke to them concerning the kingdom of God, he conversed with them and commanded: \"Do not depart from Jerusalem, but await that promise of the Father which you heard from me. For John gave baptism by water, but you shall receive baptism by the Holy Spirit not many days after these.\" And those who were gathered questioned him and said: \"Lord, if at this time will the kingdom be restored to Israel?\" And he himself said to them: \"It is not yours to know the times or the years which the Father has set by his own authority; but bring forth power for the coming of the Holy Spirit upon you, and be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria and unto the ends of the earth.\" And as he said this, while they were still looking, he ascended and a cloud received him from their sight.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"პირველად ესე სიტყუაჲ ვყავ","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'First of all, I make this word' signals a prefatory statement by the author, framing the following as a summary of Jesus' post-resurrection activity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ჵ, ღმრთისმოყუარეო","severity":"info","text":"The vocative 'O God-loving one' (ჵ, ღმრთისმოყუარეჰ) is a direct address to the reader or dedicatee, typical of early Christian epistolary openings.","cites":[{"key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"იოვანე ნათელ-სცემდა წყლითა","severity":"info","text":"This passage echoes Acts 1:5 and the contrast between John's water baptism and the promised baptism by the Holy Spirit, a theme in early Christian catechesis.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"აღმაღლდა","severity":"info","text":"The ascension narrative here (Jesus 'ascended and a cloud received him') follows a tradition similar to Luke 24:51, but with added detail of the cloud, common in apocryphal Acts.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990072510730203941","label":"Catena in Acta SS. Apostolorum e Cod. Nov. Coll","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990072510730203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ჵ, ღმრთისმოყუარეჰ","severity":"info","text":"The address 'God-loving one' may reflect the Georgian monastic context of the manuscript, where such terms were used for ascetic readers.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990101696180203941","label":"Acts","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990101696180203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ესე სიტყუაჲ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'this word' (ესე სიტყუაჲ) is ambiguous: it could refer to the entire treatise or a specific discourse; the translation assumes the former.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'God-loving one' is unspecified; it may be a generic address or a specific dedicatee. The phrase 'this word' could refer to the preceding or following content."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"და ვითარცა დგესღა და ჰხედვიდესღა იგინი ზეცად ამაღლებასა მისსა, აჰა, ესერა, ორ კაც ზედამოადგეს მათ სამოსლითა სპეტაკითა, რომელთა ჰრქუეს მათ: \"კაცნო გალილეველნო, რაჲსა სდგათ და ჰხედავთ ზეცად მიმართ? ესე იესუ, რომელი აღმაღლდა თქუენგან ზეცად, ეგრევე მოვიდეს, ვითარცა იხილეთ აღმაღლებული ზეცად\". მაშინ მოიქცეს იგინი იერუსალჱმდ მთისა მისგან, რომელსა ჰრქჳან ზეთისხილთაჲ, რომელ არს მახლობელ იერუსალჱმსა ვითარ შაბათის გზა ოდენ. და ოდეს შევიდეს იგინი ქალაქად, აჴდეს იგინი ქორსა მას, სადაცა იყოფოდეს პეტრე და იოჰანე, იაკობ და ანდრეა, ფილიპე და თომა, ბართლომე და მათეოზ, იაკობ ალფჱსი და სჳმონ მოშურნჱ და იუდა იაკობისი. ესე ყოველნი იყვნეს განკრძალულ ერთბამად ლოცვასა დედებითურთ, და მარიამ, დედაჲ იესუჲსი, და ძმებითურთ მისით. და მათ დღეთა შინა აღდგა პეტრე შორის მოწაფეთა და თქუა (იყო ერი რიცხჳთ ერთბამად ვითარ ას და ოც ოდენ კაც): \"კაცნო, ჯერ-იყო აღსრულებად წერილი ესე, რომელი წინაჲსწარ თქუა სულმან წმიდამან პირითა დავითისითა იუდაჲსთჳს, რომელი-იგი იქმნა წინამძღუარ შემპყრობელთა მათ იესუჲსთა, რამეთუ შერაცხილ იყო ჩუენ შორის, და ხუედრებულ იყო ნაწილი მსახურებისაჲ ამის და მოციქულებისაჲ; ამან მოიგო დაბაჲ იგი სასყიდელითა სიცრუვისაჲთა, და განსივნა და განსთქდა შორის და განიბნინეს ყოველნი ნაწლევნი მისნი;","english":"And while they were still standing and looking at his ascension into heaven, behold, two men in white garments stood before them and said to them: \"Men of Galilee, why do you stand and gaze heavenward? This Jesus, who ascended from you into heaven, will come again just as you have seen him ascending into heaven.\" Then they turned back from that mountain, which is called the Mount of Olives, which is near Jerusalem, about a Sabbath day's journey away. And when they entered the city, they went up to the upper room where Peter and John, James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas of James were staying. All these were gathered together in prayer with the women, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers. And in those days Peter stood up among the disciples and said (the whole company together numbered about one hundred and twenty men): \"Men, it was necessary to fulfill this scripture, which the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became the leader of those who seized Jesus, for he was counted among us, and the portion of this service and apostleship was allotted to him; he acquired that field with the price of falsehood, and he burst open and scattered among them, and all his entrails were dispersed.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ორ კაც ზედამოადგეს მათ სამოსლითა სპეტაკითა","severity":"info","text":"The two men in white garments are not in the canonical Acts; they appear only in this apocryphal tradition, likely as angelic figures or witnesses.","cites":[{"key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ზეთისხილთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The Mount of Olives (ზეთისხილთაჲ) is a standard location in Gospel accounts of the Ascension (e.g., Luke 24:50–51; Acts 1:12).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"შაბათის გზა","severity":"info","text":"A 'Sabbath day's journey' (შაბათის გზა) is a rabbinic measure of about 2,000 cubits (roughly 1 km), used here to indicate proximity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"აღდგა პეტრე შორის მოწაფეთა","severity":"info","text":"Peter's speech marks a shift from narrative to discourse, introducing a scriptural citation (Psalm 109 LXX) applied to Judas.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"იუდა იაკობისი","severity":"caution","text":"Judas of James (იუდა იაკობისი) is likely Judas Thaddaeus; the list of apostles here differs from canonical Acts, reflecting a later Georgian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990072510730203941","label":"Catena in Acta SS. Apostolorum e Cod. Nov. Coll","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990072510730203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"დედებითურთ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'with the women' (დედებითურთ) is ambiguous: it may mean 'with the mothers' or 'with the women disciples'; the English draft takes the latter.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the two men in white garments is not specified; they may be angels or resurrected figures.","The phrase 'with the women' (დედებითურთ) could mean 'with the mothers' or 'with the female disciples'; the English draft opts for 'with the women'.","The number 'one hundred and twenty men' may be a symbolic or traditional figure for the early Christian community."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"და საცნაურ იქმნა წინაშე ყოველთა დამკჳდრებულთა იერუსალჱმისათა, ვითარმედ ეწოდაცა დაბასა მას თჳსითა მით სიტყჳთა მათითა აკალდამა, ესე იგი არს დაბაჲ სისხლისაჲ. რამეთუ წერილ არს წიგნსა ფსალმუნთასა: \"იყავნ საყოფელი მისი ოჴერ და ნუ იყოფინ მკჳდრი მას შინა; და განსაგებელი მისი სხუამან მიიღენ\". ჯერ-არს შეკრებულთა ამათ ჩუენ თანა კაცთაჲ ყოველსა ჟამსა, რომელთა შორის შემოვიდა და განვიდა ჩუენგან უფალი იესუ, იწყო ნათლის-ცემითგან იოჰანესისა ვიდრე დღედმდე ამაღლებისა მისისა ჩუენგან, მოწამედ აღდგომისა მისისა ჩუენ თანა ყოფად ერთი ამათგანი\". და დაადგინნეს ორნი: იოსებ, რომელსა ერქუა ბარსაბა და მერმე ეწოდა იუსტოს, და მატათია. და ილოცეს და თქუეს: \"შენ, უფალო, ყოველთა გულთა მეცნიერო, გამოაჩინე ამათ ორთაგანი ერთი, მიღებად წილი მსახურებისაჲ, რომლისაგანცა განვიდა იუდა მისლვად ადგილსა თჳსსა\". და მისცეს წილი მათ. და გამოუჴდა წილი მატათიას ზედა და თანაშეერაცხა ათერთმეტთა მოციქულთა მეათორმეტედ.","english":"and it became known before all the inhabitants of Jerusalem that the valley called by them in their own speech Akeldama, that is the valley of blood. For it is written in the book of Psalms: \"Let his dwelling place be desolate and let no one dwell therein; and let another take his inheritance.\" It is fitting for these men gathered with us at all times, among whom the Lord Jesus entered and departed from us, beginning from the baptism of John until the day of his ascension from us, to bear witness to his resurrection by being with us, one of these.\" And they appointed two: Joseph, who was called Barsabbas and later was named Justus, and Matthias. And they prayed and said: \"You, Lord, knower of all hearts, reveal from these two the one to receive the lot of service, from which Judas departed to go to his own place.\" And they cast lots for them. And the lot fell upon Matthias, and he was counted as the twelfth among the eleven apostles.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"აკალდამა","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian transliterates the Aramaic ḥăqēl dəmā‘field of blood’ as Akeldama, a toponym for a valley south of Jerusalem. The gloss ‘valley of blood’ is a direct calque.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ფსალმუნთა","severity":"info","text":"The citation ‘Let his dwelling place be desolate…’ adapts Psalm 69:25 (LXX 68:26) but is not a verbatim quotation; it conflates the idea of desolation and dispossession. The Georgian text marks it as a written source.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The appointment of Matthias to replace Judas Iscariot follows Acts 1:15–26. The Georgian version adds the detail that Joseph Barsabbas (also called Justus) was the other candidate, a figure known from Acts 1:23 and later Christian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:actsa","label":"source edition: Acts of Apostles (Redactions AB)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/actsab/actsa.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative of Matthias’ election. The preceding passage (p2) described the ascension and the two men in white; here the focus shifts to the Jerusalem community’s decision to replace Judas.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian text (Redaction A or B) shows minor divergences from the standard Greek Acts, e.g., the psalm citation is not found in the Greek manuscript tradition of Acts. This suggests a secondary insertion or a variant source.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-acta","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Acts of the Apostles (the Catena of Andrew)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-acta"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ‘it is fitting for these men gathered with us… to bear witness’ is syntactically ambiguous: the subject of ‘to bear witness’ could be the two candidates or the eleven apostles. The English draft takes it as the two candidates.","The identity of ‘these men gathered with us’ is unclear; it may refer to the apostles or to the wider Jerusalem community."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}