{"slug":"LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","title":"Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:23:30Z","cost_usd":0.002292},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","work_id":"LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":478,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":16,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":6,"external_links":6,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","abstract":"The Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman is an anonymous Ethiopic hagiographic text recounting the intercession of the archangel Michael to heal a noblewoman of Rome from infertility. The narrative follows a formulaic miracle structure, opening with a title and the phrase ተብህለ (it is said), then describing the woman's childlessness, her prayer to Michael, and the miraculous conception that follows. The story concludes with her joyful testimony, reinforcing Michael's role as a healer and patron of the faithful. The text survives in a single manuscript (betmas) within the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, likely used for homilies or feast-day readings. Its Geʿez language and hagiographic genre align with broader Michaeline miracle cycles, though its specific origin and date remain unknown.","historical_context":"The text belongs to the Ethiopic hagiographic cycle of St Michael, a prominent figure in the Täwaḥədo tradition, where he is venerated as a warrior against evil and a protector of the faithful. The manuscript (betmas) is undated, but paleographic analysis could place it within the later medieval or early modern period (possibly 14th–18th centuries). The setting in Rome (ሮሜ) is a common topos in Ethiopic literature, lending prestige without historical specificity. The miracle's focus on infertility reflects local or monastic concerns, possibly linked to pilgrimage or healing shrines. The text's survival in a single witness limits knowledge of its circulation, but its inclusion in liturgical manuscripts suggests use in church services. No critical edition or translation exists; the present edition provides only the Geʿez text. The manuscript is held by the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church, with digital surrogates at HMML.","significance":"This miracle exemplifies the Ethiopic hagiographic tradition's adaptation of universal Christian themes to local contexts, particularly the veneration of Michael as a healer. It contributes to understanding the Täwaḥədo Church's liturgical and devotional practices, especially regarding infertility and women's agency. The text's anonymity and single-witness survival highlight the challenges of studying Ethiopic manuscript traditions and the need for further codicological and comparative research.","timeline":[{"date":"Unknown (likely 14th–18th c.)","event":"Composition of the miracle, based on paleographic estimates of the manuscript."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Copying of the sole surviving manuscript (betmas) by an Ethiopian scribe."},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Digitization of the manuscript by HMML, making it accessible for study."},{"date":"21st c.","event":"Publication of the Geʿez text in the betmas edition without translation or apparatus."}],"relations":[{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","relation":"Part of the same manuscript (betmas) as other Michael miracles","key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the brigand hanging","relation":"Similar hagiographic pattern and Michaeline focus","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the deacon and the breast milk","relation":"Another Michael miracle with a healing theme","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the nun and Hail Mary","relation":"Shared liturgical use and Michaeline devotion","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nun-hail-mary","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The nun whom the Virgin Mary asked to recite the Hail Mary more slowly because she enjoyed hearing it","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nun-hail-mary"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the pilgrim shipwreck","relation":"Parallel narrative structure and Michael's intercession","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-pilgrim-shipwreck","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: the drowned pilgrim resuscitated after a shipwreck on the Red Sea","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-pilgrim-shipwreck"}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"HMML digital surrogate (part 1)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941","reason":"Primary manuscript witness for the text."},{"key":"hollis:alma990028311540203941","label":"HMML digital surrogate (part 2)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941","reason":"Additional folios of the same manuscript."},{"key":"hollis:alma990090411020203941","label":"HMML digital surrogate (part 3)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990090411020203941","reason":"Continuation of the manuscript."},{"key":"hollis:alma990143103310203941","label":"HMML digital surrogate (part 4)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990143103310203941","reason":"Further folios of the manuscript."},{"key":"hollis:alma99153734985103941","label":"HMML digital surrogate (part 5)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99153734985103941","reason":"Additional witness to the manuscript's contents."},{"key":"hollis:alma99154549468603941","label":"HMML digital surrogate (part 6)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99154549468603941","reason":"Final part of the manuscript's digital record."}],"cautions":["The manuscript (betmas) is undated; paleographic analysis is needed to narrow the period of composition or copying.","The text survives in a single witness, limiting textual criticism and reconstruction of the original form.","The setting in Rome is a literary topos, not a historical location for the events.","The Geʿez term ወኢትወልድ is ambiguous, possibly meaning 'she never conceived' or 'she had no living children'."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00058,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:23:29Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":16,"english_words":478,"source_letters":1217,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez text survives in a single known manuscript (betmas), with no other witnesses identified. This limits textual criticism and reconstruction of the original form.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The miracle is part of the broader Ethiopic hagiographic cycle of St Michael, widely venerated in the Täwaḥədo tradition. Its inclusion in liturgical manuscripts suggests use in homilies or feast-day readings.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is anonymous and undated. The manuscript (betmas) is not precisely dated; paleographic and codicological analysis would be needed to narrow the likely period of composition or copying.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"No critical edition or translation into a modern language is known. The present edition (betmas) provides only the Geʿez text without apparatus, translation, or commentary.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript is held in the collection of the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church, with digital surrogates in the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML) under the cited Hollis numbers.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma990028311540203941","label":"The Mariology of emperor Zärʼa Yaʻeqob of Ethiopia : texts and translations","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The narrative’s focus on a sterile woman being healed by St Michael may reflect a specific local or monastic tradition. Without comparative study, its representativeness for broader Michaeline devotion is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile":{"label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi":{"label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},"hollis:alma990019134800203941":{"label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},"hollis:alma990028311540203941":{"label":"The Mariology of emperor Zärʼa Yaʻeqob of Ethiopia : texts and translations","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"after\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለመልአክ፡ ክቡር፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትዐጸፍ፡ ብርሃነ፡ ከመ፡ ልብስ፡ ወነደ፡ እሳት፡ ውስተ፡ አክናፊሁ። ትንብልናሁ፡ ይንድፎሙ፡\nለሠራዊተ፡ ሰይጣናት፡ እኩያን፡ እለ፡ ይፃረርዎ፡ ለዕገሌ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ተብህለ፡ ከመ፡ ሀሎ፡ አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ እምሰብአ፡ ዐበይተ፡ ሮሜ፡ ወባዕል፡ ጥቀ፡ ወክቡር፡ በንዋየ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ወብእሲቱሰ፡ መካን፡ ይእቲ፡\nወኢትወልድ። ወነበሩ፡ ክልኤሆሙ፡ በዐቢይ፡ ኀዘን፡ በእንተ፡ ዘአልቦሙ፡ ውሉደ፡ ውብዙኅ፡ ጾመ፡ ይጸውሙ፡ ይስእሉ፡ ወይጼልዩ፡ ወይትማኀለሉ፡ ወያስተበቍዑ፡ በጥቡዕ፡\nልብ፡ ኀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወኅበ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ከመ፡ የሀቦሙ፡ ውሉደ።\n\nወይእቲኒ፡ ብእሲት፡ አተወት፡ ቤታ፡ በፍሥሓ፡ እንዘ፡ ተአኵቶ፡ ወትሴብሖ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ልዑል፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ወእንዘ፡\nትዜኑ፡ መንክራቲሁ፡ ዘገብረ፡ ላቲ፡ ወዘከመ፡ አሕየወ፡ ወልዳ። ከማሁ፡ ያድኅነነ፡ ለኵልነ፡ ውሉደ፡ ጥምቀት፡ ወይፈው፡ ሰነ፡ እምደዌ፡ ኀጢአት፡ ዘነፍስ፡ ወሥጋ፡ ወይርድአነ፡ በዘዚአሁ፡ ጸጋ፡ ብትንብልና፡ ስእለቱ፡\nያድኅነነ፡ ለዓለም፡ እምፁጋ፡ ወያሰስል፡ እምኔነ፡ ለምግባረ፡ ኀጢአት፡ ዘውጋ፡ ወይብትክ፡ እምላዕሌነ፡ ለጌጋይ፡ መንሠጋ፡ እምእለ፡ አሥመርዎ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ኢንኩን፡\nንትጋ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። The edition is based on\n.","english":"His miracle, of the honored angel Michael, the chief of angels, which is adorned with the light of a garment, and fire burns within his wings; his flaming sword strikes down the armies of evil demons, those who oppose the faith of the world, forever, amen. It is said that there was a certain Christian man from the nobles of Rome, powerful and honored in the wealth of this world, but his wife was barren and did not bear children. And both of them lived in great sorrow because they had no children. They fasted much, they prayed, they supplicated, and they entreated with a pure heart before God and before the holy Michael, the chief of angels, that he might grant them children.\n\nAnd that woman entered her house with joy, praising and glorifying God Most High and the holy Michael, the chief of angels, while recounting the miracles he had performed for her, and how he had revived her child. Likewise, may he save us all, children of baptism, and grant us healing from the disease of sin of soul and body, and may he help us with his grace. By his flaming sword, may he save us forever from torment, and may he remove from us the deeds of sin of the flesh, and may he blot out from above us the error of the flesh from those who have pleased God. Let us not be negligent forever, amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለመልአክ፡ ክቡር፡ ሚካኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a formulaic miracle title, then shifts to a narrative frame introduced by ተብህለ (it is said), typical of hagiographic openings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ትንብልናሁ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ትንብልናሁ (his flaming sword) is a standard attribute of Michael in Ethiopic tradition, not a literal weapon but a symbol of his power over demons.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"እምሰብአ፡ ዐበይተ፡ ሮሜ፡","severity":"info","text":"The setting among the nobles of Rome (ሮሜ) is a common topos in Ethiopic hagiography, often used to lend prestige to a narrative without historical specificity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ውሉደ፡ ጥምቀት፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ውሉደ ጥምቀት (children of baptism) extends the miracle's relevance to the audience, a common liturgical turn in Ethiopic miracle collections.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወኢትወልድ።","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez ወኢትወልድ (and she did not bear) is ambiguous: it could mean she never conceived or that she had no living children; the English draft takes the former, but the latter is possible.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ወይእቲኒ፡ ብእሲት፡ አተወት፡ ቤታ፡","severity":"info","text":"The woman's joyful return home and recounting of miracles mirrors a common narrative pattern in Ethiopic Michael miracles, where the beneficiary becomes a witness.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez ወኢትወልድ may indicate either sterility or child mortality; the English draft assumes sterility.","The phrase ዘከመ አሕየወ ወልዳ (how he revived her child) implies a prior death or stillbirth, but the narrative does not describe the child's death explicitly."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ተአምር፡ ዘገብረ፡ እግዚእነ፡ በእዴሁ፡ ለመልአክ፡ ክቡር፡ ሚካአል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሃሉ፡ ገብሩ፡\nገብ ለዓለመ፡ ዓ፡ ዓ፡\nተብህለ፡ ከመ፡ ህሎ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ ዕም፡ ዓበይተ፡ ሮሜ፡ ወብእሲቱ፡ መካን፡ ወኢወለደት፡ ግሙራ፡ ወነበሩ፡ እንዘ፡ የሐዝኑ፡ በእንተ፡ ዘአልቦሙ፡ ወይጸልዪ፡ ኀበ፡\nእግዚአብሔር፡ መአልተ፡ ወሌሊተ፡ ከመ፡ የሀቦሙ፡ ውሉደ፡ እንዘ፡ ትብል፡ እግዚእየ፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካአል፡ እሕዎ፡ ለወልድየ፡\nእምዝንቱ፡ ዳዌ፡ ዕፁብ፡ አድኅኖ፡ እምይእዜ፡ ይትለአክ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያንከ፡ ወሰቤሃ፡ ሐይወ፡ ወልዳ፡ እምደዌሁ፡ ወይእቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ ነበጊት፡ እንዘ፡ ትዜኑ፡ ሰበዐ፡\nኃይሉ፡ ዘገብረ፡ በእንቲአሃ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ወልዳ፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ለዓለመ። after\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ተብህለ፡ ከመ፡ ሀሎ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፤ እምዓበይተ፡\nሮሜ፡ ወመካን፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ወኢወለደት፡ ወልደ፡ ወኢወለተ፡ ግሙራ፡ ወነበሩ፡ እንዘ፡ የኃዝኑ፡ ዓቢየ፡ ኃዘነ፤ በእንተ፡ ዘአልቦሙ፡ ውሉድ፡","english":"The miracle which our Lord performed by the hand of the honored angel Michael, the chief of angels, whose glory is his deed. Deed for the world, world, world.\n\nIt is said that there was a certain Christian man from the great city of Rome, and his wife was barren and had not given birth at all. And they lived while grieving because they had no children, and they prayed to God day and night that He might give them children, while saying, “My Lord, chief of angels Michael, save my child from this disease, a wondrous salvation. From now on, he will serve in your church, and she will live, and her child will be healed from his disease.” And that woman was a sojourner, while she recounted the power of what he had done for her and for her child, whose glory is with his deed forever.\n\nAfter his miracles, it is said that there was a certain Christian man from the great city of Rome, and his wife was barren and had not given birth to a son nor to a daughter at all. And they lived while grieving a great grief because they had no children.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምር፡ ዘገብረ፡ እግዚእነ፡ በእዴሁ፡ ለመልአክ፡ ክቡር፡ ሚካአል፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a formulaic title, 'The miracle which our Lord performed by the hand of the honored angel Michael,' which is typical of the miracle collection genre and frames the narrative as a divine act mediated by the archangel.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"መካን","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term መካን (mäkān) is used for the wife, meaning 'barren' or 'sterile.' This is the central problem of the narrative, establishing the miracle's purpose.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ነበጊት","severity":"info","text":"The woman is called ነበጊት (näbägit), meaning 'sojourner' or 'stranger,' which may indicate her status as a foreigner or pilgrim in Rome, adding a layer of vulnerability to her character.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"እምዝንቱ፡ ዳዌ፡ ዕፁብ፡ አድኅኖ፡","severity":"info","text":"The prayer embedded in the narrative shifts from a general plea for children to a specific vow: 'save my child from this disease.' This marks a transition from the initial problem to the miraculous intervention.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ለዓለመ፡ ዓ፡ ዓ፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'for the world, world, world' (ለዓለመ፡ ዓ፡ ዓ፡) is a liturgical formula emphasizing eternal glory, common in Ethiopian hagiographic conclusions, and may reflect scribal or liturgical use.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ተብህለ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The passage contains a doublet: the narrative begins, ends, and then restarts with 'After his miracles, it is said...' This suggests a textual seam or scribal repetition, possibly from a compilation of multiple miracle accounts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text has a repeated or redundant opening and closing formula, making it unclear whether the passage originally belonged to a single miracle or was a composite. The phrase 'ዘአልቦሙ፡ ውሉደ፡' (who had no children) is ambiguous: it could refer to the couple's lack of children generally or specifically to a son, as the later line specifies 'ወልደ፡ ወኢወለተ፡' (a son nor a daughter). The reading taken i"],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ወአሜሃ፡ ይእተ፡ አሚረ፡ ሐይወ፡ ውእቱ፡ ሕፃን፡ እምሕማመ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ ወነበረት፡ ይእቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ እንዘ፡ ትዜኑ፡ ዕበየ፡ ተአምሪሁ፡ ዘገብረ፡\nላዕለ፡\nሊቀ፡\nመላእክት፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ትንብልናሁ፤","english":"And after that, the child lived, free from the pain of his body. And the woman remained, proclaiming the greatness of his miracle which the chief of angels, Saint Michael, performed for her, magnifying his glory.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ወአሜሃ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez temporal adverb 'and after that' marks the conclusion of the narrative, indicating the child's survival and the woman's subsequent proclamation.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሊቀ መላእክት","severity":"info","text":"The title 'chief of angels' is a standard epithet for Michael in Geʿez tradition, emphasizing his primacy among angelic beings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage serves as the narrative resolution, contrasting the earlier grief of the barren couple with the joyful outcome and the woman's public acknowledgment of the miracle.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the sterile woman","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7192MiracleMichaelSterile"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a sterile woman miraculously conceiving through Michael's intercession is common in Ethiopic hagiography, reflecting the angel's role as a patron of fertility and healing.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez phrase 'እምሕማመ ሥጋሁ' could be read as 'from the pain of his body' or 'from the suffering of his flesh'; the translation opts for the former, but the latter is also possible."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}