{"slug":"LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","title":"Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:29:19Z","cost_usd":0.002575},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","work_id":"LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":561,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":21,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":5,"work_notes":4,"external_links":3,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","abstract":"This anonymous Ethiopic hagiographic text recounts a miracle of the archangel Michael, who heals a blind man. The narrative follows a typical Coptic-Ethiopic pattern: a doxological opening, a brief account of the affliction and the angelic intervention, and a concluding blessing. The miracle is part of a larger cycle of Michael miracles used in Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy, especially on the 12th of each month. The Geʿez text survives in a single manuscript (Bet Mas 3), likely from the 18th–19th century, though the composition may be earlier. No translation or critical edition exists; the primary source is the betmas edition.","historical_context":"The work is preserved in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The sole manuscript, Bet Mas 3, is dated on paleographic grounds to the 18th–19th centuries, but the composition could be older, possibly medieval. The miracle belongs to a widespread cycle of Michael miracles that circulated in Ethiopia, often read on the 12th of each month, a major feast of the archangel. The text shows strong Coptic influence, as many Ethiopian hagiographic works were adapted from Coptic originals. The anonymous author likely belonged to a monastic or clerical milieu. The lack of internal or external dating evidence makes precise dating impossible. The work was transmitted only in Geʿez and has not been translated into other languages.","significance":"This miracle exemplifies the integration of angelic devotion into Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy and hagiography. It reflects the popularity of Michael as a healer and protector, a theme common in Coptic and Ethiopian Christianity. The text also illustrates the formulaic structure of Ethiopic miracle stories, with doxological frames and liturgical connections. It contributes to the study of the transmission of Coptic hagiographic traditions into Ethiopia and the development of local hagiographic cycles.","timeline":[{"date":"4th–7th c.","event":"Earliest Coptic Michael miracle cycles develop in Egypt."},{"date":"13th–15th c.","event":"Possible period of composition of Ethiopic Michael miracle cycles, based on manuscript evidence of related works."},{"date":"18th–19th c.","event":"Earliest extant manuscript (Bet Mas 3) copied; likely date of the sole witness."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Manuscript Bet Mas 3 cataloged and edited by betmas."}],"relations":[{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man (betmas edition)","relation":"Primary edition of the same work","key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man (edition)","relation":"Same work, different citation key","key":"ed:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"source edition: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"},{"work":"Ethiopic Synaxarium (Senkessar)","relation":"Contains the feast of Michael on the 12th of Hedar, which this miracle commemorates","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Coptic Michael miracle cycles","relation":"Source tradition for the Ethiopic cycle","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Other miracles in Bet Mas 3","relation":"Co-witness in the same manuscript, part of the same cycle","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","label":"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church","reason":"Context for the liturgical use of the text"},{"key":"wikipedia:Michael (archangel)","label":"Michael (archangel)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_%28archangel%29","reason":"Subject of the miracle"},{"key":"wikipedia:Geʽez","label":"Geʽez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez","reason":"Language of the text"}],"cautions":["The work is undated; the manuscript is 18th–19th century but the composition may be earlier.","The text is anonymous; no author or scribe is identified.","The single manuscript (Bet Mas 3) is the only witness; no critical edition or translation exists.","The phrase 'chariot of mercy' (መርዕድ) may be a scribal error or rare epithet; interpretation is conjectural."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000465,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:29:19Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":21,"english_words":561,"source_letters":1497,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez text survives in a single known manuscript, Bet Mas 3, which also contains other miracles of Michael. The edition by betmas is the primary source for this work.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This miracle is part of a larger cycle of Michael miracles used in Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy, especially on the 12th of each month. It is not known to have been translated into other languages.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is anonymous and undated. The manuscript is likely 18th–19th century, but the composition may be earlier. No internal or external evidence provides a more precise date.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus or translation. The text is presented in Geʿez only, with no notes on variant readings or emendations.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind":{"label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi":{"label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},"hollis:alma990019134800203941":{"label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"after\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለመልአክ፡ ክቡር፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሥዑል፡ በነድ፡ ዘስብሐቲሁ፡ ፍድፉድ፡ ባሕረ፡ ቅዳሴሁ፡ ዘይደምፅ፡ ከመ፡ ነጐድጓድ፡\nዘይቀውም፡ ወትረ፡ ቅድመ፡ ሠረገላ፡ ልዑል፡ ወመርዕድ፡ ወይስእል፡ ምሕረተ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ትውልድ፡ በብረኪሁ፡ እንዘ፡ ይሰግድ፡ ይኩነነ፡ ኀይለ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ባላሔ፡ እምብድብድ፡\nወእምገጽነ፡ ዘይረውድ፡ ወስብሐቲሁ፡ ብዑድ፡ ወዑጻፌሁ፡ መብረቅ፡ ወፀዓድ፡ ዒድ፡ ጕድበ፡ ስእለቱ፡ ይግዝሞሙ፡ ለሠራዊተ፡ ቤልሖር፡ ጽልሙታን፡ ወእኩያን፡ አጕናድ፡\nወየሐውጸነ፡ ለኵልነ፡ ደቂቀ፡ ዛቲ፡ ዐጸድ፡ ከመ፡ ኢንትኀፈር፡ በግርምት፡ ዐውድ፡ ይባርከነ፡ በሰፊሐ፡ እድ፡ እምይእዜ፡ ወእስከ፡ ለዓለም፡ በኵሉ፡ መዋዕል፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ትውልድ፡\nይባልሐነ፡ እምዘሲኦል፡ ሞገድ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ተብህለ፡ ከመ፡ ሀሎ፡ አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ በውስተ፡ አሐቲ፡ ሀገር፡ ዘይደዊደዌ፡ ዕጹበ፡ ወዘዖራ፡ ክልኤ፡ አዕይንቲሁ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ ከመ፡ ዝ፡ በጽሐ፡\nዕድሜ፡ ዕለተ፡ በዓሉ፡ ለመልአክ፡ ክቡር፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘውእቱ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ ኅዳር።","english":"The miracle of the honored angel Michael, chief of the angels, whose praise is abundant, a sea of his sanctity which roars like thunder, who stands continually before the high chariot and the chariot of mercy, and who seeks mercy for every generation on his knees while prostrating himself; the power of his prayer surpasses multitude, and from his countenance which is radiant, and his praise is vast, and his swiftness is lightning and thunder; the festival of his intercession destroys the armies of Belhor, the dark and evil hosts, and protects us, all the children of this enclosure, as if we were hidden in a wondrous circle; he blesses us with a broad hand from now and until eternity, in all times and in all generations; he makes us flourish from the wave of Sheol forever and ever, amen. It is said that there was a certain Christian man in a certain city who was blind in both eyes, and while he was thus, the day of the festival of the honored angel Michael, chief of the angels, which is the tenth and second of the month of Hedar, arrived.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a long doxological prelude (lines 1–5) before the narrative proper begins at 'It is said that there was a certain Christian man...' (line 5). This matches the typical Coptic hagiographic pattern of praise followed by miracle story.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"በልሖር (Belhor)","severity":"info","text":"Belhor is a demonic figure in Ethiopic tradition, often associated with the devil or a chief of evil spirits. The term appears in other Geʿez hagiographies as an adversary of saints and angels.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ዐሡሩ ወሰኑዩ ለወርኀ ኅዳር (the tenth and second of the month of Hedar)","severity":"info","text":"The festival date is given as the 12th of Hedar (Hedar is the fourth month of the Ethiopic calendar, roughly November). This corresponds to the feast of Michael on the 12th of Hedar in the Synaxarium.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'children of this enclosure' (ደቂቀ ዛቲ ዐጸድ) likely refers to the monastic community or church congregation for which the text was composed, a common trope in Ethiopic miracle collections.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ሠረገላ ልዑል ወመርዕድ (high chariot and the chariot of mercy)","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'chariot of mercy' (መርዕድ) is unusual; the Geʿez word መርዕድ typically means 'chariot' but here may be a scribal error or a rare epithet for Michael's vehicle. The translation 'chariot of mercy' is conjectural.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This miracle is part of a larger cycle of Michael miracles popular in Ethiopic Christianity, often read on his feast days. The manuscript tradition (e.g., betmas) shows wide circulation in monastic settings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'chariot of mercy' (መርዕድ) may be a scribal corruption or a unique epithet; the exact meaning is uncertain.","The identity of 'Belhor' is not fully specified; it may refer to a specific demon or a generic evil force."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ወውእቱሰ፡ ብእሲ፡ ዘሐይወ፡ ነበረ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትለአክ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ እስከ፡ አመ፡ አዕረፈ፡ ወቦአ፡ ውስተ፡\nመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ብትንብልናሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት። ወለነኒ፡ ለኵልነ፡ ሕዝበ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ይዕቀበነ፡ እምተቃርኖቱ፡ ለሰይጣን፡ ወፈድፋደሰ፡ ለፍቁሩ፡ ዕገሌ፡ ይዕቀቦ፡ ወያድኅኖ፡ ወትረ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡\nአሜን።","english":"And that man lived, serving the church of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, until he grew old and entered into the kingdom of heaven through the intercession of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. And for us, for all the Christian people, may he protect us from the snares of Satan, and may he guard and save his beloved servant continually, forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes the narrative with a formulaic blessing, shifting from the healed man's fate to a general prayer for protection. The shift from third-person narration to first-person plural prayer is typical of hagiographic endings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ብትንብልናሁ (bətnəblənahu)","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ብትንብልናሁ (bətnəblənahu) means 'through his intercession' or 'by his advocacy,' a key concept in angelological texts where Michael acts as intercessor. The word derives from the root n-b-l, 'to carry' or 'to bring,' implying the angel carries prayers to God.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'kingdom of heaven' (መንግሥተ ሰማያት) reflects standard Geʿez eschatology, where the righteous enter heaven after death. The mention of 'snares of Satan' (ተቃርኖቱ ለሰይጣን) echoes common hagiographic tropes of demonic temptation, often countered by Michael's protection.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The closing prayer for 'all the Christian people' (ለኵልነ ሕዝበ ክርስቲያን) broadens the miracle's relevance, typical of Ethiopic hagiography where Michael is venerated as a protector of the entire community. This reflects the liturgical use of such texts in communal worship.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez phrase 'ብትንብልናሁ' could also be read as 'through his glory' (from ንብልና, 'glory'), but the context of intercession favors 'through his intercession.' The identity of 'his beloved servant' (ፍቁሩ ዕገሌ) is ambiguous—it may refer to the healed man or to a generic devotee."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"after\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ገረ፡ ወሀሎ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ ዘረከቦ፡ ደዌ፡ እጹበ፡ ወዖራ፡ ፪ሆን፡ ዓዕይንቲሁ፡ ወሶበ፡\nኮነ፡ በአሉ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዝውእቱ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፪፡ ለህዳር፡ መጽአ፡ ዝ፡ ብእሴ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ምስለ፡ ሕዝብ፡\nወሶበ፡ ኮነ፡ አንብባተ፡ ወንጌል፡ በካይ፡ ዝኩ፡ ብእሲ፡ ወበጽአ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ እንዘ፡ ይብል፡ እግዚእየ፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካኤል፡ ዘታብተብቍዕ፡ ኩሎ፡ ጊዜ፡ ቅድመ፡\nእግዚአብሔር፡ ሰአል፡ ሊቀ፡ ከመ፡ ይጸግወኑ፡ ብርሃነ፡ ለዓዕይንትየ፡ አነ፡ እኁብ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያንከ፡ አምሐ፡ ብዙሐ፡ ወእገብር፡ ተዝካረከ፡ ለለወርሁ፡ በበአልከ፡ ወንተ፡ ብሂለ፡\nሰከበ፡ ቅድመ፡ ሰእለ፡ ለመልአከ፡ ወከዊኖ፡ መንፈቀ፡ ሌሊትት፡ አስተርአዮ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ አንቅሐ፡ ወይቤሎ፡ ኦብእሲ፡ ኢትርሳእ፡ ዘበጸእከ፡ ብሂሎ፡ አንበረ፡ እዴሁ፡ ዲበ፡\nዓዕይንቲሁ፡ ወወድቀ፡ እም፡ ዓዕንቲሁ፡ ወበጊዜሃ፡ ሐይወ፡ አም፡ ዑረቅ፡ ወርእየ፡ ብርሃነ፡ ወተፈሰ፡ ወአንኮሩ፡ አለ፡ ርእዩ፡ ወሰምዑ፡ ዘንተ፡ ተአምረ፡ ዘገብረ፡ ሎቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡\nበእደዊሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ወነበረ፡ እንዘ፡ የአቍቶ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ወይዜኑ፡ ኂሩቶ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ እከ፡ እለተ፡ ሞቱ፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nገብረ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለ፡ ዓሜ።","english":"after his miracle, that of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, and his glory is with his servant. And there was a certain Christian man whom a severe disease of the eyes overtook, and his two eyes became blind. And when it was the twelfth of Ḥidār, this man came into the church of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, with the people. And when the reading of the Gospel occurred, this man cried out and approached God, saying, “My lord, chief of the angels Michael, who intercedes at all times before God, ask that he grant me the light of my eyes. I will be a servant of your church forever, and I will make a commemoration for you every month on your feast day.” Having said this, he slept before the altar of the angel. And at midnight, the holy Michael appeared to him, awakened him, and said to him, “O man, do not forget what you have requested.” He placed his hand upon his eyes, and a discharge fell from his eyes. At that moment, he lived, was healed from the blindness, and saw the light. And he rejoiced and was amazed. All who saw and heard this miracle that God wrought through the hands of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, saw and heard it. And he continued praising God and extolling the grace of the holy Michael until the day of his death. His glory is with his servant, the servant of the world, world without end. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ገረ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a formulaic doxological frame ('after his miracle... his glory is with his servant'), which is repeated at the end, forming an inclusio that marks the narrative as a self-contained hagiographic unit.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"አመ፡ ፲ወ፪፡ ለህዳር፡","severity":"info","text":"The date 'the twelfth of Ḥidār' (12th of the month Ḥidār, corresponding to November/December) anchors the miracle in the liturgical calendar, likely the feast of Michael on 12 Ḥidār in the Ethiopic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰእለ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ሰእለ (saʿla) here means 'altar' (literally 'image' or 'icon'), referring to the altar or sanctuary area of the church, not a physical image of the angel.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ወሶበ፡ ኮነ፡ አንብባተ፡ ወንጌል፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'when the reading of the Gospel occurred' reflects the liturgical practice of Gospel reading during the Eucharist, a common setting for miracle narratives in hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ተዝካረከ፡ ለለወርሁ፡ በበአልከ፡","severity":"info","text":"The vow to make a monthly commemoration (ተዝካር) on the feast day reflects the Ethiopic practice of annual or monthly memorial offerings for saints, often tied to healing vows.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ወነበረ፡ እንዘ፡ የአቍቶ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ወይዜኑ፡ ኂሩቶ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The healed man's lifelong praise of God and Michael models the expected devotional response, reinforcing the miracle's function as an exemplum for the Christian community.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text at the end (ትንብልናሁ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ገብረ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለ፡ ዓሜ።) is formulaic and may be a scribal addition; the phrase 'servant of the world' is ambiguous as to whether it refers to the healed man or a generic figure."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Incipit in\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ በረከቱ፡ ወሀሎ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡\nዘረከቦ፡ ደዌ፡ ዕፁብ፡ ወፁራ፡ ፪ሆን፡ አዕይንቲሁ፡ ወሶበ፡ በጽሐ፡ በዓለ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ዘውእቱ፡ አመ፲ወ፪ለኅዳር፡","english":"The miracle of the holy Michael, chief of the angels; his blessing. And there was a certain Christian man whom a severe disease of the eyes overtook, and his two eyes became blind. And when the feast of Michael, which is the twelfth of Ḫedār, arrived,","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage opens the narrative of the miracle proper, following a formulaic incipit that names the saint and his blessing before introducing the afflicted man.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘረከቦ ደዌ ዕፁብ ወፁራ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'a severe disease of the eyes' (ደዌ ዕፁብ ወፁራ) is a common hagiographic formula for blindness, though the exact nature of the affliction is not specified.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"አመ ፲ወ፪ ለኅዳር","severity":"info","text":"The feast of Michael on the 12th of Ḫedār (Hidar) corresponds to November 21 in the Gregorian calendar, a major feast in the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The church of St. Michael mentioned here is a typical setting for miracle narratives; Michael is invoked as a healer, especially for eye ailments, in Ethiopian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a blind man being healed during a Gospel reading at a saint's feast is paralleled in other Ethiopic miracle collections, such as those of St. George.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on the healing of a blind man","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7183MiracleMichaelBlind"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez phrase 'ዘረከቦ ደዌ ዕፁብ ወፁራ' could be read as either 'a severe and strange disease' or 'a severe disease of the eyes'; the latter is preferred given the context of blindness."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}