{"slug":"LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","title":"Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:12Z","cost_usd":0.002417},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","work_id":"LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":639,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":20,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":7,"work_notes":6,"external_links":2,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","abstract":"This anonymous Ethiopic hagiography recounts a miracle of St Michael in which a Christian whose hand had become dry is healed through the archangel's intercession. The narrative follows a common bipartite structure: a doxological preamble praising Michael's power, then a story introduced by 'it is said that there was'. The motif of a withered hand healed by a saint parallels other hagiographic topoi. The text belongs to a cycle of Michael miracles popular in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, transmitted in manuscripts alongside other miracle collections. The edition, based on the betmas digital corpus, presents the Geʿez text without critical apparatus, translation, or manuscript context.","historical_context":"The work is undated but likely medieval, composed in Geʿez within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. It belongs to a large corpus of Michael miracles widely read in Ethiopian liturgy and private devotion. The setting in Rome and the Jewish protagonist reflect Coptic or Byzantine sources adapted into Ethiopic hagiography. The text survives in manuscripts of the betmas corpus, but no specific witness is cited. The miracle's motif of a withered hand healed by Michael echoes similar stories in other Christian traditions, suggesting transmission through Coptic or Syriac intermediaries. The lack of a critical edition or manuscript details limits precise dating and provenance.","significance":"This text illustrates the popularity of Michael miracles in Ethiopian Orthodox piety and the adaptation of foreign hagiographic motifs into Geʿez literature. It also reflects interfaith encounter tropes common in medieval Christian hagiography, using a Jewish character to demonstrate Michael's power over non-Christians.","timeline":[{"date":"undated (likely medieval)","event":"Composition or translation of the miracle into Geʿez"},{"date":"medieval period","event":"Transmission in Ethiopian Orthodox manuscripts alongside other Michael miracle cycles"},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Digitization in the betmas corpus"}],"relations":[{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on a brigand hanging","relation":"Part of the same Ethiopic Michael miracle cycle","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on a deacon's breast milk","relation":"Part of the same Ethiopic Michael miracle cycle","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on a king of Mark in Rome","relation":"Shares Roman setting and interfaith encounter motif","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-king-mark-rome","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: King Mārqos of Rome (two-part miracle: the king abdicates; the patriarch Dionysius is sent to find him)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-king-mark-rome"},{"work":"Miracle of St Michael on an official of Ephesus","relation":"Another Michael miracle with similar hagiographic structure","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-official-ephesus","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The pious official of Ephesus who was falsely accused of embezzlement and adultery and saved by the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-official-ephesus"}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas record for this work","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","reason":"Primary digital source for the edition"},{"key":"ed:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"Edition of the miracle","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","reason":"Published edition of the Geʿez text"}],"cautions":["Date of composition or translation is unknown; only a medieval origin is plausible.","No specific manuscript witness is cited; the edition lacks critical apparatus.","The work's liturgical use is undocumented.","The motif of a withered hand healed by Michael is a hagiographic topos, not a historical claim."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00037,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:31:36Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":20,"english_words":639,"source_letters":1570,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition is based on betmas, a digital corpus of Ethiopic manuscripts, but no specific manuscript witness is cited in the metadata.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work belongs to a cycle of miracles of St Michael popular in Ethiopic hagiography, often transmitted in manuscripts alongside other miracle collections.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"No date is given for the composition or translation of this text; it is attributed to an anonymous author and likely medieval in origin.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Miracles of St Michael were widely read in Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy and private devotion, but specific liturgical use of this text is not documented.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nun-hail-mary","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The nun whom the Virgin Mary asked to recite the Hail Mary more slowly because she enjoyed hearing it","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nun-hail-mary"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition provides no critical apparatus, translation, or commentary; the Geʿez text alone is presented without textual variants or manuscript context.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The miracle’s motif of a withered hand healed by Michael parallels other hagiographic topoi; its historicity is not asserted by the genre.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand":{"label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-king-mark-rome":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: King Mārqos of Rome (two-part miracle: the king abdicates; the patriarch Dionysius is sent to find him)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-king-mark-rome"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi":{"label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nun-hail-mary":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The nun whom the Virgin Mary asked to recite the Hail Mary more slowly because she enjoyed hearing it","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nun-hail-mary"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"after\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘሥዑል፡ በነደ፡ እሳት፡ ዘይስእል፡ ምሕረተ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ፍጥረት፡ ቅድመ፡ መንበሩ፡ ለጸባኦት። ትንብልና፡ ስእለቱ፡ ወአስተብቍዖቱ፡ ያድኅኖ፡ ለዕገሌ፡ እምዕለት፡ እኪት፡ ወለኵልነ፡ ውሉደ፡ ጥምቀት፡ በኵሉ፡ ጊዜ፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ሰዓት፡ በኵሉ፡\nሌሊት፡ ወበኵሉ፡ መዓልት፡ በኵሉ፡ አዝማን፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ዓመታት፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ፅርዐት፡ ወሐኬት፡ እምይእዜ፡ ወእስከ፡ ድኃሪት፡ ዕለት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ተብህለ፡ ከመ፡ ሀሎ፡ አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ አይሁዳዊ፡ በሀገረ፡ ሮሜ፡ ወብእሲሁ፡ ባዕል፡ ጥቀ፡ በንዋየ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ኀላፊ፡ ወርቅ፡ ወብሩር፡ ወብዙኅ፡\nእንስሳ፡ ቦቱ። ወበአሐቲ፡ ዕለት፡ እንዘ፡ የሐውር፡ ውስተ፡ ምስጋዱ፡ በከመ፡ ሕገ፡ አበዊሁ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ በፍኖት፡ ተራከበ፡ ምስለ፡ አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡\nወውእቱኒ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ ባዕል፡ ጥቀ፡ በንዋይ፡ ቀዲሙ፡ ወኮነ፡ ነዳየ፡ ውኀጥአ፡ ሲሳየ፡ ዕለት፡ ወዘይለብስ፡ ወተጸነሰ፡ ፈድፋደ፡ ውእቱ፡ ብእሲ።","english":"The miracle of Saint Michael, the chief of angels, who descends in a flame of fire to seek mercy for all creation before the throne of the hosts. His intercession and his supplication save the ignorant from an evil day, and all of us, the children of baptism, at every time and at every hour, at every night and at every day, at every season and at every year, without cessation or hindrance, from now until the last day, for ever and ever. Amen. It is said that there was a certain Jewish man in the city of Rome, and that man was very wealthy in the goods of this world, possessing gold and silver and many livestock. And on one day, as he was going to his synagogue according to the law of his fathers, and as he was on the road, he met a certain Christian man. And that Christian was also very wealthy in goods previously, but he had become poor, lacking daily sustenance and clothing, and that man was afflicted with leprosy.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a doxological preamble (lines 1–6) praising Michael's intercessory role, then shifts to narrative with 'ተብህለ ከመ ሀሎ' ('it is said that there was'). This bipartite structure is typical of Ethiopic miracle collections.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሥዑል በነደ እሳት","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ሥዑል በነደ እሳት' ('descends in a flame of fire') echoes the Coptic iconographic motif of Michael descending in fire, common in Ethiopic hagiography. It is not a literal descent but a visionary trope.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"አይሁዳዊ","severity":"info","text":"The Jewish protagonist in Rome reflects a common hagiographic trope of Jewish-Christian encounter, often used to demonstrate Michael's power over non-Christians. The setting in Rome may derive from Coptic or Byzantine sources.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ተጸነሰ ፈድፋደ","severity":"info","text":"'ተጸነሰ ፈድፋደ' ('afflicted with leprosy') is a key detail: the Christian's leprosy contrasts with the Jew's wealth, setting up a moral reversal. The Geʿez uses 'ፈድፋደ' (leprosy) as a specific disease, not generic illness.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft translates 'ዕገሌ' as 'ignorant', but the Geʿez more likely means 'foolish' or 'simple' (cf. Geʿez lexicon). The sense of moral or spiritual simplicity is intended, not intellectual ignorance.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ዘሥዑል በነደ እሳት' could be read as a literal descent or a visionary metaphor; the latter is preferred.","The identity of the 'ignorant' (ዕገሌ) is ambiguous: it may refer to the Christian or to humanity generally; the context suggests a general intercession."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ወእምዝ፡ ነበሩ፡ ኅቡረ፡ አይሁዳዊ፡ ወክርስቲያናዊ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትለአኩ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ወይዜነዉ፡\nተአምራቲሁ፡ ወመንክራቲሁ፡ ዐበይተ፡ ወይነግሩ፡ ኵሎ፡ ኂሩቶ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ሰብእ። ትንብልናሁ፡ ወአስተብቍዖቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሩ፡ ዕገሌ፡ ወለኵልነ፡ ሰማዕያን፡ በጽላሎተ፡ ክነፊሁ፡ ይክድነነ፡ ሐሩረ፡ ጌጋይ፡ ኢያውዕየነ፡\nወቍረ፡ ኀጢአት፡ ኢያማስነነ፡ ወኢያመጽልወነ፡ ኀይለ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ይሰውረነ፡ ሐጸ፡ ጸላኢ፡ ኢይንድፈነ፡ ለኵልነ፡ ውሉደ፡ ጥምቀት፡ ለተዝካረ፡ ዚአሁ፡ እለ፡ ተጋባእነ፡\nለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"And after that, a Jew and a Christian were living together, while they were going to the church of Saint Michael, the chief of angels. And they recount his miracles and his wonders, which are great, and they tell all the excellence of his intercession and his supplication to every person. May it be with his beloved servant, and for all of us, the heavenly ones, under the shadow of his wings, may he protect us from the heat of error, and may he not let us stray, and may he not let us be scorched by the fire of sin, and may he not let us be consumed. And may the power of his prayer hide us from the arrow of the enemy, and may it not strike us, for all of us, the children of baptism, for the commemoration of him, who have gathered together, for ever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወእምዝ፡ ነበሩ፡ ኅቡረ፡ አይሁዳዊ፡ ወክርስቲያናዊ፡","severity":"info","text":"This passage opens the narrative proper, introducing a Jew and a Christian living together, a common hagiographic trope for interfaith encounter.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ኅቡረ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ኅቡረ፡ (ḫabura) means 'together' or 'in community,' emphasizing cohabitation, not merely proximity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The church of Saint Michael is a common setting in Ethiopic miracle collections, reflecting Michael's role as intercessor and protector.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ወለኵልነ፡ ሰማዕያን፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'for all of us, the heavenly ones' may reflect a liturgical or communal prayer context, addressing the congregation as 'heavenly' in a spiritual sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢያውዕየነ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez verb ኢያውዕየነ፡ (ʾayawʿəyana) is uncertain; it may be a variant of 'to cause to stray' or a scribal error. The translation 'may he not let us stray' is plausible but not certain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The verb ኢያውዕየነ፡ is ambiguous; it could be a misspelling or rare form.","The phrase 'heavenly ones' (ሰማዕያን) may refer to angels or to the faithful in a spiritual sense."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"based on\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ለአለዓለመ፡ ዓ፡ ተብህለ፡ ከመ፡ ሀሎ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡\nአረማየዊ፡ ባዕል፡ ጥቀ፡ በንዋየ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ኃላፊ፡ ወርቅ፡ ወብሩር፡ ወበአሐቲ፡ እለት፡ እንዘ፡ የሐውር፡ ውስተ፡ ብሔረ፡ ሮሜ፡ ወረከበ፡ ብእሲ፡ አረማዊ፡ ዘርትትያናዊ፡ ቀዳሚ፡ ነበረ፡ ባዕለ፡ ወድኅረ፡ ነድየ፡ ወኃጥአ፡\nሲሳየ፡ እለት፡ ወእንዘ፡ የኃውር፡ ለኃሢሠ፡ ሲሳየ፡ እለት፡ ይቤሎ፡ ዝኩ፡ አረማዊ፡ ነአ፡ ተገበር፡ ሊተ፡ ወእኁበከ፡ ፻ተ፡ ደናጊ፡ ወርቅ፡ ከመ፡ ታርብህ፡ ሊተ፡ ወነአ፡ ንሁር፡ ኀበ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካአል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡\nወመሐል፡ ሊተ፡ ከመ፡ ኢትእልወኒ፡ ወዝኩ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡ መሐል፡ ከመ፡ እይኢምጽንዋዮ፡ ወወሀቦ፡ በከመ፡ ፈቀዳ፡ ወሐረ፡ ውስተ፡ ተግባሩ፡ ከመ፡ ይንግጸ፡ ወይርብህ፡ በብሔረ፡ ባእድ፡\nወናሁ፡ እምይእዜሰ፡ ኢይፍር፡ መሐላ፡ በኃሰት፡ በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወበጊዜሃ፡ ተሣሃሎ፡ ወአሕየዎ፡ ወይቤሎ፡ ናሁ፡ ኃይውከ፡ እኅከ፡ ወኢተ፡ አብሰ፡ ደሃመ፡ ወዘንተ፡ ብሂሎ፡ ተሰወረ፡ እምኔሁ፡ ወዝኩ፡ አረማዊት፡\nተጠምቀ፡ ወተወፈየ፡ አረቦነ፡ ጸጋ፡ ወክርስትና፡ ወኮነ፡ መሐይምነ፡ ወነበሩ፡ ሕቡረ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትለእኩ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካአል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ በኩሉ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ሕይወቶሙ፡ እንዘ፡ ይዜንዉ፡ ዕበየ፡ መንክሩ፡\nዘገብረ፡ በእንቲአሆሙ፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ኩልነ፡ ሰ፡ ማዕየኅ፡ ለዓለመ፡\nafter\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ ወሀሎ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ አይሁዳዊ፡","english":"His miracles, of Saint Michael, chief of angels, are recounted. And there was a man, a pagan, very wealthy in the goods of this world, possessing gold and silver. And on one day, while he was traveling in the land of Rome, he met a man, a pagan, a Christian, who was formerly wealthy, but after a fire and loss, his wealth was consumed. And while he was going to seek his daily sustenance, that pagan said to him, “Come, work for me, and I will give you one hundred dinars of gold, if you will lead me to the church of Saint Michael, chief of angels, and swear to me that you will bring me there.” And that Christian swore that he would bring him there, and he gave him as he wished, and he set out on his work to travel and to go to a distant land. And now, from that time, he did not keep the oath, but lied in the name of God. And at that time, he was seized and his hand withered, and he said to him, “Now I have given you your hand, but do not be troubled.” And having said this, he hid himself from him. And that pagan was baptized and received the gift of grace and Christianity, and became a believer. And they lived together, serving the church of Saint Michael, chief of angels, all the days of their lives, while recounting the greatness of his miracle which he wrought for them. His miracles, of Saint Michael, chief of angels, are recounted. And there was a man, a Jew.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"አረማዊ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term አረማዊ (ʾaramawi) can mean 'pagan' or 'Gentile', but here it is used for a non-Christian, possibly a Jew, as the English draft renders 'pagan' and the passage ends with 'a Jew'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ምስለ ገብሩ ለአለዓለመ ዓ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ምስለ ገብሩ ለአለዓለመ ዓ (masla gabru la-ʿalʿālamā ʿā) is a formulaic opening, likely meaning 'with his servant for the world', but the text is corrupt; the English draft omits it.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage begins with a repeated formula (ተአምሪሁ ለቅዱስ ሚካኤል) and ends with a similar phrase, framing the narrative as a miracle account within a larger collection.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The setting in 'the land of Rome' (ብሔረ ሮሜ) reflects the Byzantine or Eastern Christian context typical of Michael miracle cycles, where Rome often denotes the Christian Roman Empire.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez text has a lacuna or corruption after ለአለዓለመ ዓ, and the English draft omits it; the phrase 'ተብህለ ከመ ሀሎ' suggests a missing clause, possibly 'it is said that there was'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The story concludes with the pagan's baptism and lifelong service at Michael's church, emphasizing the angel's role in conversion and the didactic purpose of the miracle for Christian audiences.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'pagan' (አረማዊ) is ambiguous: the English draft calls him a pagan, but the passage ends with 'a Jew', suggesting a possible shift or conflation in the source.","The phrase ምስለ ገብሩ ለአለዓለመ ዓ is corrupt; its exact meaning and relation to the narrative are unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ወአረማዊ፡ ዘባዕል፡ በንዋየ፡ ዓለም፡ ወርቅ፡ ወብሩር፡ ወ፩ዕለተ፡ እንዘ፡ የሐውር፡ ፍኖቶ፡ ከመ፡ ሕገ፡ አበዊሁ፡ ውስተ፡ ሀገረ፡ ሮሜ፡ ረከቦ፡ ብእሲ፡ ክርስቲያናዊ፡","english":"And a pagan, very wealthy in the goods of the world, gold and silver, and on one day, while he was traveling his road according to the custom of his fathers in the land of Rome, he met a Christian man.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez describes the pagan as traveling 'according to the custom of his fathers' (ከመ ሕገ አበዊሁ), a phrase omitted in the English draft, which adds cultural context of inherited pagan practice.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"አረማዊ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'አረማዊ' (ʾaramāwi) is used for 'pagan,' derived from 'Aram' or 'pagan' in Christian Ethiopic literature, often contrasting with 'ክርስቲያናዊ' (Christian).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The setting in 'the land of Rome' (ሀገረ ሮሜ) reflects a common hagiographic trope in Ethiopic literature, where Rome symbolizes a distant Christian or pagan Roman context, not necessarily historical.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-king-mark-rome","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: King Mārqos of Rome (two-part miracle: the king abdicates; the patriarch Dionysius is sent to find him)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-king-mark-rome"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative from the previous one, introducing the pagan's encounter with a Christian man, setting up the miracle's conflict between wealth and faith.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand","label":"betmas: Miracle of St Michael on a Christian whose hand had become dry","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7179MiracleMichaelHand"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez does not specify whether the pagan's 'custom of his fathers' refers to religious rites or social practices; the reading taken is that it implies pagan religious tradition."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}