{"slug":"LIT7153MiraclesY","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","title":"Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:53:13Z","cost_usd":0.006173},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","work_id":"LIT7153MiraclesY","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"},"stats":{"passages":12,"english_words":1391,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":65,"commentary_kinds":10,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":20,"work_notes":4,"external_links":2,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT7153MiraclesY","abstract":"The Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā is an anonymous Geʿez hagiographic collection preserved in a single 18th-century manuscript at the Dabra ʿAśā monastery library. The work recounts posthumous miracles attributed to the saint, using formulaic incipits and local toponyms such as the district of Məta. Internal references to earlier hagiographies suggest composition after the 15th century, but the exact date remains unknown. The text was not adopted into the official Ethiopian liturgical cycle and survives only as a local monastic tradition. The sole witness lacks a critical apparatus, and no other manuscript has been identified.","historical_context":"The work is set in the Ethiopian highlands, likely at the monastery of Dabra ʿAśā, a center of monastic life in the historical region of Məta (northern Ethiopia). The Geʿez language and hagiographic genre reflect the enduring literary tradition of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewaḥədo Church. The manuscript was copied in the 18th century, but the composition probably occurred after the 15th century, as indicated by allusions to earlier hagiographies. The text’s survival in a single copy and its absence from the official liturgical cycle point to a localized, non-canonical status. The miracles follow common hagiographic topoi, such as the saint as a spiritual merchant, and employ standard Geʿez formulas. The feast date of 4 Ḥedār (10/11 November) places the cult in the post-rainy season, typical for local commemorations.","significance":"The Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni provides rare evidence of a localized Ethiopian saint’s cult that never achieved widespread liturgical recognition. It illustrates how hagiographic traditions were adapted to specific monastic communities, preserving regional toponyms and devotional practices. The work also contributes to the study of Geʿez miracle collections and their transmission in single-manuscript traditions.","timeline":[{"date":"after 15th c.","event":"Probable composition of the Miracles, based on internal references to earlier hagiographies."},{"date":"18th c.","event":"Copying of the sole known manuscript, now preserved at Dabra ʿAśā monastery."},{"date":"10/11 November (4 Ḥedār)","event":"Feast day of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, as indicated in the text."}],"relations":[{"work":"Gädlä Sämʿon (Gadla Samuʾel of Dabra Ḥalleluya)","relation":"Comparable hagiographic collection from a similar monastic setting in northern Ethiopia.","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya","label":"gap dossier: Life of Sāmuʾel of Dabra Hālleluyā","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya"},{"work":"Taʾammərä Maryam (Miracles of Mary)","relation":"Shares the genre of miracle collections in Geʿez, though focused on the Virgin.","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"},{"work":"Miracula Demetrii (Greek)","relation":"Parallel in genre as a collection of posthumous miracles of a local saint.","key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Saint Demetrius (Books 1 and 2)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii"},{"work":"De Miraculis Thomae (Latin)","relation":"Another example of a localized miracle collection, though in a different Christian tradition.","key":"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae","label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni (record in Beta maṣāḥəft)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY","reason":"Primary manuscript record for the work."},{"key":"ed:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"Edition of the Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY","reason":"Published edition of the text."}],"cautions":["The work is undated; the proposed composition after the 15th century is inferred from internal references and is not certain.","Only one manuscript is known, so textual variants and broader transmission cannot be assessed.","The edition lacks a critical apparatus, limiting confidence in readings.","The exact location of Dabra ʿAśā and the historical identity of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni are not independently verified outside this text."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000464,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:53:42Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT7153MiraclesY","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":12,"translated":12,"commentary_passages":12,"commentary_units":65,"english_words":1391,"source_letters":3534,"commentary_kinds":10},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole known manuscript of the Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni is preserved in the Dabra ʿAśā monastery library, copied in the 18th century.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is anonymous and undated; internal references to earlier hagiographies suggest a composition after the 15th century.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"source edition: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is not known to have been used in the official Ethiopian liturgical cycle; it remains a local monastic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990009039600203941","label":"Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition lacks a critical apparatus; variant readings from other witnesses cannot be assessed as no other manuscript is known.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 12 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":12},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY":{"label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"},"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya":{"label":"gap dossier: Life of Sāmuʾel of Dabra Hālleluyā","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"},"ed:LIT7153MiraclesY":{"label":"source edition: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"},"hollis:alma990009039600203941":{"label":"Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"The following incipits are taken from MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014 .\n\nMiracle of the Arab man from the east, who came to Yoḥanni\nMiracle no. 1 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፩ አምላክ፡ ንጽሕፍ፡ እንከ፡ በረድኤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዓዊ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ በደብረ፡ ዓሣ፡ እንዘ፡\nያዕርጎ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ገብርኤል፡ አመ፭ ለኅዳር፡ ገብረ፡ ተአምረ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ በፍኖት፡ ውእቱ፡ ብሔር፡ ወካዕበ፡ ብሔረ፡ ሕያዋን፡ ተአምሪሁ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ይጸግዎ፡\nለገብሩ፡ ኦፍቁራንየ፡ እስመ፡ ዝንቱ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ምስለ፡ ከመ፡ ነጋዲ፡ ዘያስተጋብእ፡ ባሕርያተ፡ እምኵሉ፡ በሐውርት፡ ወይመልኦሙ፡\nውስተ፡ ቤት።\n\nMiracle of the two brothers who slept under the mountain of Dabra ʿAśā and were visited in their sleep by Yoḥanni\nMiracle no. 2 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God, we begin to write with the help of God the Father, the miracles of the blessed ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā, while the holy Gabriel raises him up. When he was on the road, that country and the region of the living, the miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni were bestowed upon his servant. O my beloved, for this ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, like a merchant who gathers treasures from everywhere while traveling, fills them into the house.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with the Trinitarian invocation and a statement of purpose, typical of Geʿez hagiographic incipits. It then introduces the first miracle with a heading that identifies the protagonist as an Arab man from the east.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ብሔረ፡ ሕያዋን፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'bəḥerä ḥəyāwān' (region of the living) is a Geʿez expression that may refer to a paradisiacal or monastic community, possibly echoing the idea of the 'land of the living' in Ethiopian tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Gabriel raising Yoḥanni up suggests an angelic elevation, a motif common in Ethiopian hagiography where saints are assisted by archangels. This may allude to the saint's spiritual authority or his role as an intercessor.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya","label":"gap dossier: Life of Sāmuʾel of Dabra Hālleluyā","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The simile of Yoḥanni as a merchant gathering treasures from everywhere while traveling parallels the common hagiographic topos of the saint as a spiritual collector of virtues or miracles, akin to the 'merchant of souls' in other Christian traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The incipits are taken from MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014, which provides the headings for miracles 1 and 2. The manuscript likely preserves a collection of miracles attributed to Yoḥanni, though the exact provenance and date of the manuscript are not specified in the source edition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ብሔረ፡ ሕያዋን፡' (region of the living) is ambiguous: it could refer to a specific geographical location, a monastic community, or a spiritual realm. The reading taken here is that it denotes a paradisiacal or monastic context.","The heading 'Miracle of the Arab man from the east' is ambiguous regarding the man's origin: 'east' could mean a specific region (e.g., Arabia) or a general direction. The reading taken is that it indicates an Arab from the eastern lands."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወእንዘ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ፪ አኃው፡ በመትሕተ፡ ደብሩ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ አመ ፬ ለወርኃ፡ ኅዳር፡ በመኃትወ፡ በዓል፡ ወእሙንቱ፡ ፪ቱ፡ አኃዉ፡ ንዉማን፡\n\nMiracle of the pious woman who asked the Lord at length to see the face of the saint\nMiracle no. 3 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለአቡነ፡ ብፁዕ፡ ወቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወነበረት፡ አሐቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ እንዘ፡ ተአምኖ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ሰሚዓ፡ ዜናሁ፡ መዓልት። ወሌሊት፡ ከመ፡ ትርአይ፡ ገጾ፡ ወይእቲ፡ ብእሲትሰ፡\nእምአዝማደ፡ ምታ፡ ለእሙ።\n\nMiracle of the woman who entered the church walking with her hands, and was healed by ʾAbbā Yoḥanni\nMiracle no. 4 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant.\n\nAnd while there were two brothers at the foot of the mountain of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, on the fourth of the month of Ḥedār, at the time of the feast, those two brothers were sleeping.\n\nMiracle of the pious woman who asked the Lord at length to see the face of the saint.\n\nHis miracles, of our father the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant.\n\nAnd there was a certain woman, while she believed in ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, having heard his fame, day and night, that she might see his face. But that woman was from the district of Məta, for her mother.\n\nMiracle of the woman who entered the church walking with her hands, and was healed by ʾAbbā Yoḥanni.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a repeated formula introducing two distinct miracle narratives, each headed by a title in Geʿez. The first miracle (two brothers at the foot of the mountain) is followed by a second (a woman seeking to see the saint's face), and a third (a woman healed in church) is announced but not narrated here.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"አመ ፬ ለወርኃ፡ ኅዳር፡","severity":"info","text":"The date 'the fourth of the month of Ḥedār' corresponds to 10/11 November in the Gregorian calendar. This places the feast in the Ethiopian liturgical season following the rainy season, a common time for hagiographic festivals.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"እምአዝማደ፡ ምታ፡","severity":"info","text":"The woman is said to be 'from the district of Məta'. Məta is a historical region in northern Ethiopia, often associated with the monastery of Dabra ʿAśā, the setting of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni's miracles.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya","label":"gap dossier: Life of Sāmuʾel of Dabra Hālleluyā","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"በመትሕተ፡ ደብሩ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'at the foot of his mountain' (በመትሕተ፡ ደብሩ፡) refers to the monastery of Dabra ʿAśā, the saint's dwelling. The term 'dabra' (mountain) is a standard element in Ethiopian monastic toponyms.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014 numbers these miracles as 3 and 4, indicating a longer collection. The repeated introductory formula suggests the text was used liturgically, with each miracle read as a discrete lesson.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'for her mother' (ለእሙ።) is unclear; it may indicate the woman's origin or a textual corruption. The English draft renders it as 'for her mother', but the Geʿez could also be read as a place name or a gloss.","The transition between the two miracle titles and the narrative is abrupt; it is uncertain whether the second miracle (woman seeking to see the saint) is complete or continues in a lost portion."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወመጽአት፡ አሐቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ ሐዊረ፡ በእግር፡ ዘኢትክል፡ ዘእንበለ፡ በእደዊሃ። ወነበረት፡ ከመዝ፡ በዴዴ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ፩ ስሙ፡ አ\nው፡ ፪ እንዘ፡ ትትማሐለል፡ ወትስእል፡ ኀበ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ከመ፡ ይፌውሳ።\n\nMiracle of the malformed child who was taken to the mountain of Yoḥanni and was healed by the saint\nMiracle no. 5 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወነበረ፡ ፩ ወልድ፡ ንዑስ፡ ዘተዓሥረ፡ እደዊሁ፡ ወዕገሪሁ፡ ወተለጸቀ፡ አብራኪሁ፡ ምስለ፡ ክሣዱ፡ ወኢይትከሃሎ፡ ከመ፡ ይቁም፡\nወይትመየጥ፡ እመሂ፡ ለየማን፡ ወእመሂ፡ ለጸጋም።\n\nMiracle of the righteous king devoted to the saints of Dabra ʿAśā, and against whom the pagan enemies rose up\nMiracle no. 6 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And a certain woman came, walking on foot, without hands, and she remained as if in the courtyard of the church, one named A... two, while she was pleading and asking of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni that he might heal her.\n\nHis miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And there was a young child whose hands and feet were withered, and his knees were drawn up to his neck, and he could not stand or move, neither to the right nor to the left.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለብፁዕ ወለቅዱስ አባ ዮሐኒ","severity":"info","text":"The passage presents two distinct miracle accounts (the handless woman and the malformed child), each introduced by the same formulaic opening. The English draft merges them into a single paragraph, but the Geʿez separates them with a rubric.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሐዊረ በእግር ዘኢትክል ዘእንበለ በእደዊሃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'walking on foot, without hands' describes a woman with a congenital or acquired absence of hands. The Geʿez ዘኢትክል (za-ḫatakl) likely means 'without' or 'lacking', emphasizing her disability as the occasion for the miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ተዓሥረ እደዊሁ ወዕገሪሁ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ተዓሥረ (taʿaśra) means 'were withered' or 'contracted'. The child's hands and feet are described as withered, and his knees drawn up to his neck (ተለጸቀ አብራኪሁ ምስለ ክሣዱ), indicating severe physical deformity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ቤተ ክርስቲያኑ","severity":"info","text":"The woman remains in the courtyard of a church (ቤተ ክርስቲያኑ). This setting is typical in hagiographic miracle collections, where the saint's shrine or church serves as the locus of healing.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"አሐቲ ብእሲት ... ፩ ስሙ አው፡ ፪","severity":"caution","text":"The text after 'one named A... two' (፩ ስሙ አው፡ ፪) is corrupt or incomplete. The English draft renders it as 'one named A... two', but the Geʿez likely originally gave the woman's name, now lost or garbled.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለብፁዕ ወለቅዱስ አባ ዮሐኒ","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014 numbers these as miracles 5 and 6, indicating a structured collection. The repeated opening formula suggests a liturgical or devotional use, with each miracle read as a discrete unit.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The woman's name is lost in a textual corruption (፩ ስሙ አው፡ ፪).","The relationship between the two miracle accounts is unclear; they may be separate entries in a collection."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወነበረ፡ ፩ንጉሥ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትአመኖሙ፡ ለቅዱሳነ፡ ደብር፡ ደብረ፡ ዓሣ፡ ቀዲሙሰ፡ ነበረ፡ ይሁቦሙ፡ ሲሳዮሙ፡ ወዓራዞሙ፡\nለለዓመት፡ ውእቱ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ውእቱ፡ ወመፍቀሬ፡ እግዚአብሔር።\n\nMiracle of Takla Hāymānot, disciple of Yoḥanni, who freed a man possessed by demons\nMiracle no. 7 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወተጋብኡ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ መነኮሳት፡ ኀበ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ከመ፡ ይግበሩ፡ ጸሎተ፡ አመ ፳ወ፬ ለታኅሣሥ፡ በዕለተ፡ በዓሉ፡\nለአባ፡ ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ እስመ፡ ውእቱሂ፡ ነበረ፡ በኀበ፡ ውእቱ፡ ደብር፡\n\nContinuation of the preceding miracle\nMiracle no. 8 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And a certain king dwelt, while he believed in the saints of the monastery of Dabra ʿAśā; formerly he was wont to give them their food and their annual allowance. That king was a righteous king and a lover of God.\n\nMiracle of Takla Hāymānot, disciple of Yoḥanni, who freed a man possessed by demons.\n\nHis miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And all the monks assembled at the church, in order to perform the prayer on the 20th and 24th of Taḫśāś, on the feast day of ʾAbbā Takla Hāymānot, for he also was at that monastery.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage contains two distinct miracle accounts: the first introduces a righteous king who supported the monastery, the second describes monks gathering for the feast of Takla Hāymānot. The English draft merges them, but the Geʿez separates them with a heading.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ወዓራዞሙ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ወዓራዞሙ (wa-ʿarāzomu) is translated as 'annual allowance' in the draft. It likely refers to a regular provision or stipend, possibly in kind, given to the monks.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The feast of ʾAbbā Takla Hāymānot on 20th and 24th of Taḫśāś (December) is attested in Ethiopian liturgical calendars. Takla Hāymānot is a major saint, and his association with Dabra ʿAśā suggests a local cult.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is identified as miracles 7 and 8 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014, indicating that the manuscript compiles multiple miracles of Yoḥanni and his disciple Takla Hāymānot.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft omits the heading 'Miracle of Takla Hāymānot, disciple of Yoḥanni, who freed a man possessed by demons' between the two sections, which is present in the Geʿez. This omission obscures the structural division.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the king is not specified; he may be a local ruler or a figure from the hagiographic tradition.","The relationship between the two miracle accounts is unclear: they may be sequential or independent episodes."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወሶበ፡ ርእዩ፡ መንክረ፡ እሙንቱ፡ መነኮሳት፡ አንከሩ። ወአስተዓፀቡ፡ ወተባሃሉ፡ በበይናቲሆሙ፡ ስምዑ፡ አበውየ፡\nበአዕዛኒክሙ።\n\nMiracle of the saint's mother, who during a gathering in the mount of Dabra ʿAśā sought her son, whose face remained invisible. Miracle no. 9 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወበ፩ ዕለት፡ ኮነ፡ ጉባኤ፡ በውስተ፡ ደብሩ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ ብእሴ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ እምቅድመ፡ ዕርገቱ፡\nውስተ፡ ብሔረ፡ ሕያዋን።\n\nMiracle of the night vision granted by ʾAbbā Yoḥanni. Miracle no. 10 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And when they saw the miracle of those monks, they marvelled and were astonished, and they said among themselves, \"Hear, O fathers, with your ears.\"\n\nHis miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And on one day there was a gathering within his mountain, of the blessed and holy man of God, while he was yet before his ascension into the land of the living.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated opening formula marks the start of two distinct miracle narratives within the same passage, each introduced by a standard hagiographic incipit.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጉባኤ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term gubāʿē (ጉባኤ) denotes a formal gathering or assembly, often liturgical or communal, consistent with monastic practice at Dabra ʿAśā.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ደብሩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'his mountain' (dabru) refers to the monastic site of Dabra ʿAśā, a known center of the saint's activity, reinforcing the localized setting of the miracle.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"እምቅድመ፡ ዕርገቱ፡ ውስተ፡ ብሔረ፡ ሕያዋን","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'before his ascension into the land of the living' situates the gathering during Yoḥanni's earthly life, prior to his death and translation to heaven.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014 numbers these as miracles 9 and 10, indicating a structured collection likely used in liturgical or devotional reading.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The English draft conflates two distinct miracles into one passage; the Geʿez clearly separates them with repeated incipits. The identity of the 'saint's mother' in the first miracle is not specified in the Geʿez text provided."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወይእዜኒ፡ ይትባሃል፡ ሎቱ፡ አቡነ፡ እምህየ፡ ንሥአነ፡ ወአግብዓነ፡ ውስተ፡ ዛቲ፡ መካን፡ ወቦእለ፡ ይቤሉ፡ መጽአ፡ ኀቤነ፡\nአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ በራዕየ፡ ሌሊት፡ ነሥአነ።\n\nContinuation of the preceding miracle and help granted by the saint to the faithful during hunger, thirst and fatigue. Miracle no. 11 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወእምዝ፡ ገቢሮሙ፡ ጉባዔ፡ ነገሩ፡ ዕበያቲሁ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ይብሉ። ወሶበ፡ ይመጽእ፡ ላዕሌክሙ፡ ረኃብ፡\nወጽምዕ፡ ወዕርቃን፡ ይቤልዎሙ፡ ተዓገሡ፡ ተዘኪረክሙ፡ ኪያጁ፡ በእንተ፡ ዘመነነቶ ሙ ፡\n\nMiracle of the woman from Taʾāminā, who was saved from a large stone falling on her house\nMiracle no. 12 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And now our father from the place of ʾEmḥǝya took us and brought us into this place, and entering, they said, \"ʾAbbā Yoḥanni came to us in a night vision and took us.\"\n\nAnd after that, the assembly of the monks recounted the wonders of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, and while they were speaking, they said, \"When hunger, thirst, and nakedness come upon you, tell them, 'Be patient, remembering his covenant concerning the time of our [need].'","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage contains two distinct miracle accounts: the first (continuation of miracle no. 11) narrates a night vision of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, the second (miracle no. 12) recounts the assembly of monks and their advice on enduring hardship.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"እምህየ (ʾEmḥǝya)","severity":"info","text":"The toponym ʾEmḥǝya likely refers to a specific location associated with the saint's activity; its exact identification remains uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ተዓገሡ (taʿāggaśu)","severity":"info","text":"The exhortation 'Be patient' echoes biblical calls to endurance in times of trial, such as in the Pauline epistles (e.g., 2 Cor 1:6).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The mention of hunger, thirst, and nakedness reflects the ascetic hardships typical of monastic life in the Ethiopian tradition, where reliance on saintly intercession was a common theme.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya","label":"gap dossier: Life of Sāmuʾel of Dabra Hālleluyā","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is identified as miracles no. 11 and 12 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014, indicating a structured collection of miracles within the manuscript tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft translates 'እምህየ' as 'the place of ʾEmḥǝya', but the Geʿez may simply mean 'from there' or 'from that place', leaving the toponym ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The toponym ʾEmḥǝya may be a place name or a misreading; the Geʿez allows either interpretation.","The phrase 'በእንተ ዘመነነቶ ሙ' is obscure; the English draft renders it as 'concerning the time of our [need]', but the exact meaning is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወኮነ፡ በምድረ፡ ተንቤን፡ ወሀለዉ፡ ሰብእ፡ እንተ፡ ምዕራቢሃ፡ ለደብረ፡ ዓሣ፡ በሀገረ፡ እንተ፡ ትሰመይ፡ ተአሚና፡ እንዘ፡\nይገብሩ፡ ተዝካሮ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ለለወርኁ።\n\nMiracle of the woman from Taʾāminā and how the saint prevented evil spirits from entering her house. Miracle no. 13 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወካዕበ፡ ንንግርክሙ፡ ከመ፡ ኢትበሉ፡ ለምንት፡ ዘኢያድኅነነ፡ እምተሐውኮ፡ ወተጐህልዎ። ወእምተፃብዖ፡ መናፍስት፡ ርኩሳን፡\nወእምነቢበ፡ እኩይ፡ ከመ፡ አድኃና፡ ለይእቲ፡ ብእሲት።\n\nMiracle of the man who was afflicted with grief during the feast of the saint and could not bring water to the hermits\nMiracle no. 14 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And it happened in the land of Tənbēn, and there were people from the west of Dabra ʿAśā, in a town called Taʾāminā, while they were performing the commemoration of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni each month.\n\nHis miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And again we tell you how he saved us from affliction and oppression, and from the attack of evil spirits, and from evil speech, as he saved that woman.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለብፁዕ ወለቅዱስ አባ ዮሐኒ","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a double miracle heading, each introduced by the same formulaic phrase, marking two distinct episodes (nos. 13 and 14 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በምድረ ተንቤን","severity":"info","text":"Tənbēn is a historical region in northern Ethiopia, often associated with the monastic milieu of Dabra ʿAśā, the saint's community.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአሚና","severity":"info","text":"The toponym Taʾāminā (ተአሚና) is likely a place name; the Geʿez form suggests a location west of Dabra ʿAśā, possibly a village or district.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተዝካሮ ለአባ ዮሐኒ ለለወርኁ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of a monthly commemoration (ተዝካር) indicates an established liturgical cult for ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, with regular observances by local communities.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወካዕበ ንንግርክሙ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'And again we tell you' (ወካዕበ ንንግርክሙ) suggests a narrative transition, but the Geʿez text is fragmentary; the second miracle's account is incomplete, lacking a full resolution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text breaks off after the second miracle heading; the full narrative of the woman's salvation is not provided in this passage.","The relationship between the two miracles (nos. 13 and 14) is unclear; they may be separate episodes or a single story with a double introduction."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወነበረ፡ ፩ ብእሲ፡ በዕለት፡ በዓለ፡ ልደቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ይነጥፍ፡ ሰዋ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ግብተ። ወአኃዞ፡ ሕማመ፡ ፈጸንት፡ ወኢተክህሎ፡\nከመ፡ ያብዕ፡ ማየ፡ ለባሕታውያን፡ እስመ፡ ውእቱ፡ አልቦ፡ ውሉደ፡\n\nMiracle of the jar of oil that was stolen and the jar of water that had become oil\nMiracle no. 15 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወእምዝ፡ ነጸረ፡ ፩ ብእሲ፡ ውስተ፡ አፈ፡ ቀሱታ፡ ለብእሲቱ፡ ወርእዮ፡ ከዊኖ፡ ቅብዓ፡ ወዘይት፡ መጽአ፡ ወሶበ፡ ርእየ፡ ዘንተ፡ ይቤላ፡\nለይእቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ ሠረቅት፡ ንሂጐ፡ ዘቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን።\n\nMiracle of the sick gathered and the prodigious oil with which they anointed themselves in the church property. Miracle no. 16 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And there was a man on the day of his feast, while he was pouring, he gave oil to ʾAbbā Yoḥanni as a gift, and he was seized by the pain of death, and he was unable to draw water for the monks, for he had no children.\n\nHis miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And then a man looked into the mouth of the jar of his wife, and he saw it full of butter and oil that had come; and when he saw this, he said to that woman, “You have stolen the property of the church.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለብፁዕ ወለቅዱስ አባ ዮሐኒ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated opening formula marks the start of two distinct miracle narratives within this passage, each numbered separately in the manuscript.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ግብተ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ግብተ (gəbta) means 'gift' or 'offering', here referring to the oil given to ʾAbbā Yoḥanni as a devotional act.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ወኢተክህሎ ከመ ያብዕ ማየ ለባሕታውያን","severity":"info","text":"The man's inability to draw water for the monks underscores his dependence on the saint's intercession, a common hagiographic motif linking physical incapacity to spiritual need.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በዕለት በዓለ ልደቱ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'on the day of his feast' refers to the annual celebration of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni's birth or commemoration, a key liturgical event in the monastery's calendar.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወእምዝ ነጸረ ፩ ብእሲ ውስተ አፈ ቀሱታ ለብእሲቱ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'looked into the mouth of the jar of his wife' is ambiguous: it may mean he inspected the jar's opening or that he peered into the jar itself; the translation opts for the latter.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ሠረቅት ንሂጐ ዘቤተ ክርስቲያን","severity":"info","text":"The accusation of theft of church property reflects the legal and moral framework of monastic communities, where such offenses required saintly intervention to resolve.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'አፈ ቀሱታ' (mouth of the jar) could be read literally as the jar's opening or metaphorically as its contents; the translation assumes the latter.","The identity of the 'woman' in the second miracle is unclear: she may be the wife of the man or a separate figure."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወበ፩ ዕለት፡ ተጋብኡ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ድዉያን፡ ዘለለዚአሁ፡ ደዌሆሙ፡ ወነበረ፡ ቅብዓ፡ ዘይት፡ ዘይፈለፍል፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ ማሕበር፡\nወእሙንቱሰ፡ ተቀብኡ፡ እምውእቱ፡ ቅብዕ። ወእንበርዋ፡ ለይእቲ፡ ቅብዕ፡ ዘይት፡ ውስተ፡ ንዋየ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡\n\nMiracle of of the people who decided to celebrate ʾAbbā Yoḥanni's tazkār and the man who opposed it. Miracle no. 17 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወእምዝ፡ ተባሃሉ፡ ሰብአ፡ ይእቲ፡ ሀገር፡ ንዑ፡ ንግበር፡ ለአባ፡ ተዝካረ፡ በዓሉ፡ ለለወርቅ፡ በከመ፡ ንግበር፡ ለሐዋርያት፡ አበዊነ፡\nእስመ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ሐዋርያነ፡ ንሥራዕ፡ ማዕደ፡ ወኃብሩ፡ በዝንቱ፡ ምክር፡ ኵሎሙ፡","english":"His miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And on one day all the sick who were afflicted with various diseases gathered, and there was a vessel of oil that was hanging in the house of assembly. And they took from that oil and placed that oil in the vessels of the church.\n\nHis miracles, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And then the people of that city said among themselves, \"Come, let us make a tazkār for ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, his feast, every year, as we make for the Apostles, our fathers, because this one is our Apostle.\" And they rejoiced, preparing a table and fellowship, and all of them were in this counsel.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለብፁዕ ወለቅዱስ አባ ዮሐኒ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated opening formula marks a new miracle unit. The first paragraph describes a healing via oil; the second introduces a narrative about the city's decision to establish an annual tazkār.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ተዝካረ","severity":"info","text":"tazkār (ተዝካረ) is a commemorative feast or memorial service for a saint, often involving a liturgical meal. Here the people propose an annual celebration modeled on that for the Apostles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ቅብዓ ዘይት","severity":"info","text":"The oil (ቅብዓ ዘይት) hung in the house of assembly is a typical hagiographic motif: blessed oil from a saint's shrine is used for healing. This parallels the use of oil in other Ethiopic miracle collections.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመ ንግበር ለሐዋርያት አበዊነ","severity":"info","text":"The people equate ʾAbbā Yoḥanni with the Apostles, saying 'as we make for the Apostles, our fathers'. This reflects a common hagiographic strategy to elevate a local saint to apostolic status.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript note identifies this as 'Miracle no. 17' in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014, indicating a numbered sequence within a larger collection of miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወእምዝ ተባሃሉ ሰብአ ይእቲ ሀገር","severity":"caution","text":"The transition from the oil-healing episode to the tazkār narrative is abrupt. The Geʿez lacks a clear connective, and the English draft's 'And then' may smooth over a possible lacuna or editorial join.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["It is unclear whether the oil-healing episode and the tazkār narrative are two distinct miracles or parts of a single composite account. The repeated opening formula suggests a new unit, but the manuscript numbering may clarify."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"Miracle of the woman who came from afar and to whom the saint had revealed the mysteries. Miracle no. 18 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወነበረት፡ አሐቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ እምርኁቅ፡ ብሔር፡ ወተከሥተ፡ ላቲ፡ ነገራተ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ በምሥጢር። ወእምዝ፡ መጽአት። ወበጽሐት፡ አመ፭ ለኅዳር፡\nወተንሥአት፡ ወከሠተት፡ አፉሃ፡ ከመ፡ ትትናገር፡ ኅቡዕ፡ ምሥጢር።\n\nMiracle of the man who had come to visit Dabra ʿAśā, and then went on to the barren desert of ʾAbbā Gabǝr Ḫer\nMiracle no. 19 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወእምድኅረዝ፡ መጽአ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ከመ፡ ይርአይ፡ መካነ፡ ደብሩ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ወሐለፈ፡ ወሖረ፡ ኀበ፡ ገዳመ፡ አቡነ፡ ገብር፡ ኄር፡ ኀበ፡\nአልቦ፡ ማይ። ወይቤሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ረከቦሙ፡ ውስተ፡ ውእቱ፡ ገዳም፡ ኦአኃውየ፡ በእፎ፡ ትነብሩ፡ ውስተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ገዳም።","english":"His miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And there was a certain woman from a distant land, and the mysteries of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni were revealed to her in secret. And then she came and arrived at the time of the feast. And she arose and opened her mouth as if to speak of the hidden mystery.\n\nHis miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And after this, a righteous man came as if to see the place of the monastery of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, and he passed by and went to the desert of ʾAbbunā Gabǝr Ḫer, where there is no water. And he said to those whom he met in that desert, \"O my brothers, how do you dwell in this desert?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage contains two distinct miracle narratives (nos. 18 and 19 in the manuscript), each introduced by the same formulaic heading. This structural pattern is typical of hagiographic miracle collections.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ምሥጢር","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ምሥጢር (məśṭār) means 'mystery' or 'secret'. In the first miracle, it refers to hidden knowledge revealed to the woman; in the second, it is implied in the saint's hidden presence in the desert.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ደብሩ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡","severity":"info","text":"Dabra ʿAśā is the monastery of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni. The second miracle mentions the desert of ʾAbbā Gabǝr Ḫer, a location associated with another saint, indicating a network of monastic sites in the region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ወእምድኅረዝ፡ መጽአ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ጻድቅ፡","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a righteous visitor encountering a desert community without water parallels similar ascetic narratives in Ethiopic hagiography, such as in the Gadla Sāmuʾel of Dabra Ḥalleluya.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya","label":"gap dossier: Life of Sāmuʾel of Dabra Hālleluyā","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-samuel-dabra-halleluya"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated formulaic heading suggests liturgical or devotional use, where each miracle could be read separately. The manuscript numbers (18 and 19) indicate a larger collection, likely compiled for edification.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወከሠተት፡ አፉሃ፡ ከመ፡ ትትናገር፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'she opened her mouth as if to speak' in the first miracle is ambiguous: it may indicate that she was about to reveal the mystery, or that she was struck silent. The Geʿez allows both readings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["In the first miracle, whether the woman actually speaks the mystery or is prevented from doing so is unclear from the Geʿez. In the second miracle, the identity of the 'righteous man' and his relationship to ʾAbbā Yoḥanni is not specified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"Miracle of the man who came to the monastery to deliver a mule. Miracle no. 20 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወመጽአ፡ ፩ ብእሲ፡ ኀበ፡ ደብሩ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ አማዕቀቦ፡ በቅለ። ወይቤሎ፡ ማኅፀንትከ፡ ዝንቱ፡ በቅል፡ አንሰ፡ ፈራእኩ፡ ወመጻእኩ፡ ኀቤከ፡\nኦእግዚእየ፡ ወዘንተ፡ ብሂሎ፡ ኖመ፡ በአፍአ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን።\n\nCompletion of the miracles. Miracle no. 21 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nመልዓ፡ ተአምራቲሁ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ዘቀምኖ፡ ፳ወ፩ፍቅድ፡ እንዘ፡ ንኈልቍ፡ በ፳ወ፩ ትዝምደ፡ ነገዶ። ወእምአኮሰ\"\nእምጸሐፍነ፡ ብዙኃ፡ እምተአምራቲሁ፡\n\nSupplication. Miracle no. 22 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014","english":"His miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And a certain man came to the monastery of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, leading a mule, and he said to him, “O my lord, I have brought this mule as a gift for your sanctuary; I have come to you.” And having said this, he slept in the courtyard of the church.\n\nCompletion of the miracles. His miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. The miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni are completed, twenty-one in number, while we recount them in twenty-one chapters of narrative. And we have not written many of his miracles.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለብፁዕ ወለቅዱስ አባ ዮሐኒ","severity":"info","text":"This passage comprises three numbered miracles (20–22) in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014, with miracle 22 serving as a concluding supplication.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"፳ወ፩ ትዝምደ ነገዶ","severity":"info","text":"The colophon states that the miracles are twenty-one in number, arranged in twenty-one chapters, but notes that many more were not recorded, indicating a selective compilation.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"በቅል","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term baqəl (በቅል) means 'mule', a pack animal, and here the man brings it as a gift (ማኅፀንት) for the sanctuary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ኖመ በአፍአ ለቤተ ክርስቲያን","severity":"info","text":"Sleeping in the church courtyard (ኖመ በአፍአ ለቤተ ክርስቲያን) was a common practice in Ethiopian monasticism for pilgrims seeking a miracle or vision.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"እምጸሐፍነ ብዙኃ እምተአምራቲሁ","severity":"info","text":"The scribe's admission that many miracles were not written down suggests a deliberate selection for a liturgical or edifying purpose, common in hagiographic collections.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text does not specify whether the mule was actually delivered or if a miracle occurred; the narrative is truncated. The English draft interprets the man's speech as a gift, but the Geʿez verb ፈራእኩ (I have brought) is ambiguous regarding completion."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nባሕርየነ፡ ትዕቀብ፡ ከመ፡ ኢይኬድ፡ ሐዋርያ። ሃይማኖተ፡ ታጽንዕ፡ በኦርተዶክስያ። ወታድኅነነ፡ እምኵሉ፡ ጉሕልያ፡\nባርከነ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ቤትነ፡ እስመ፡ ንፈቅድ፡ ንሣርር፡ ቤተ፡\n\nSupplication. Miracle no. 23 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nኦእግዚእየ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ይትባረክ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘአፍቀርከ። ወዘአፈድፈደ፡ ደቂቅከ፡ ውስተ፡ ደብረ፡ ዓሣ። ወረሰየከ፡\nከመ፡ አብርሃም፡ አበ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡\n\nMiracle of of the man who was bitten by a snake while reaping the fields in the Qollā Tamben. Miracle no. 24 in MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐኒ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሃሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡\nወኮነ፡ በውስተ፡ ቆላ፡ ተንቤን፡ እንዘ፡ ያከብሩ፡ በዓለ፡ ዕርገቱ፡ ለአባ፡ ዮሐኒ። ወነበረ፡ ፩ ብእሲ፡ እኩይ፡ እንዘ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ሰብአ፡\nሀገር፡ ያከብሩ፡ በዓለ፡ ዕርገቱ። ወውእቱሰ፡ ወዓለ፡ ተኃቢኦ፡","english":"His miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. O my lord, ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, may the Lord whom you loved and for whom you multiplied your children in Dabra ʿAśā bless you, as Abraham, father of all the world.\n\nHis miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni; may his prayer and blessing be with his servant. And it happened in Qollā Tamben, while they were celebrating the feast of the ascension of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni, and there was a certain evil man, while all the people of the country were celebrating the feast of his ascension, and he himself passed by hiding.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a composite of three distinct miracle units (nos. 23, 24, and a third) from MS Ethio-SPaRe ADMY-014, each introduced by the standard formula 'His miracle, of the blessed and holy ʾAbbā Yoḥanni'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT7153MiraclesY","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni of Dabra ʿAśā","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT7153MiraclesY"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ቆላ፡ ተንቤን","severity":"info","text":"Qollā Tamben is a lowland region in Tigray, Ethiopia, often associated with agricultural activity and distinct from the highland monastery of Dabra ʿAśā.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The feast of the ascension of ʾAbbā Yoḥanni is a local celebration, likely commemorating the saint's death or translation, and is central to the narrative of the third miracle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አብርሃም፡ አበ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዓለም","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'Abraham, father of all the world' echoes the biblical Abraham (Gen 12–25) as a model of faith and blessing, common in Ethiopic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft omits the first miracle's opening supplication and the second miracle's snake-bite context, and the third miracle's narrative is incomplete; the Geʿez shows these are separate units.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text contains three distinct miracle accounts, but the English draft presents them as a single passage; the third miracle's conclusion is missing.","The phrase 'ተኃቢኦ' (hiding) in the third miracle is ambiguous: it may mean the evil man hid himself or passed by stealthily."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}