{"slug":"LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","title":"Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","author":"Anonymous","genre":"poetry","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:30:59Z","cost_usd":0.002343},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","work_id":"LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":621,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":18,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":6,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","abstract":"The Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel is an anonymous Geʿez poem in the malkǝʾ genre, which typically praises saints or angels through stanzas beginning with body parts or attributes. Here, the subject is Sāṭnāʾel, a figure whose name is a variant of Satan, depicted with ambiguous, possibly syncretic traits blending angelic and demonic elements. The sole known witness is a printed edition in betmas, lacking manuscript source, date, or author. The hymn’s liturgical use is unknown; it may be a later or marginal composition. The text includes invocations and salutations, and mentions Ṭeblyākos as Sāṭnāʾel’s son, a figure from demonological traditions.","historical_context":"The work is an Ethiopic (Geʿez) malkǝʾ-hymn, a genre that flourished from the 14th century onward in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, typically used in liturgical or devotional settings to honor saints or angels. However, this hymn is anomalous because Sāṭnāʾel is not a standard saint in Ethiopian Orthodox hagiography; the name is a variant of Satan, suggesting a heterodox or marginal origin. The sole witness is a printed edition in betmas, which does not specify a manuscript source, so the work’s date, place, and community of composition are unknown. Transmission is undocumented beyond this edition, and the text cannot be verified against a manuscript. The hymn may derive from Coptic or Ethiopic demonological traditions, as indicated by the figure Ṭeblyākos, but evidence is too thin to place it precisely. The malkǝʾ genre’s typical structure is followed, but the subject matter is unique, possibly indicating a later or syncretic composition.","significance":"This hymn is significant for its unusual subject, Sāṭnāʾel, a demonic figure praised in a genre normally reserved for saints or angels. It suggests a heterodox or syncretic tradition within Ethiopic Christianity, possibly blending angelic and demonic traits. The work provides rare evidence of non-canonical devotional poetry and may relate to broader demonological or magical texts in the Ethiopic tradition.","timeline":[{"date":"14th c. onward","event":"Malkǝʾ genre flourishes in Ethiopic literature."},{"date":"undated","event":"Composition of Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel, unknown date."},{"date":"undated","event":"Printed edition published in betmas, source unspecified."}],"relations":[{"work":"Malkǝʾ-hymns to saints and angels","relation":"Same genre, but subject is demonic rather than saintly.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ethiopic demonological texts (e.g., Ṭeblyākos traditions)","relation":"Shares figure Ṭeblyākos, indicating possible common source.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Coptic demonological traditions","relation":"Possible influence via Coptic-Ethiopic exchange.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"Edition in betmas","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","reason":"Sole known witness of the work."}],"cautions":["Date of composition is unknown; the malkǝʾ genre flourished from the 14th century, but this hymn cannot be placed more precisely.","The sole witness is a printed edition without manuscript source; transmission history is undocumented.","Sāṭnāʾel is not a standard saint; liturgical use is unknown and may be heterodox.","The Geʿez text cannot be verified against a manuscript; variant readings are unassessed."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000439,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:30:59Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":18,"english_words":621,"source_letters":1482,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a malkǝʾ-hymn, a genre of Geʿez poetry that praises a saint or angel through a series of stanzas each beginning with a body part or attribute. Here the subject is Sāṭnāʾel, a figure whose identity is ambiguous.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole known witness is the edition in betmas, which does not specify a manuscript source. The work’s transmission history is therefore undocumented beyond this single printed edition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"No date or author is given in the edition. The malkǝʾ genre flourished from the 14th century onward, but this hymn cannot be placed more precisely without external evidence.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"source edition: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Sāṭnāʾel is not a standard saint in Ethiopian Orthodox hagiography. The hymn’s liturgical use, if any, is unknown; it may be a later or marginal composition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition provides no translation, commentary, or critical apparatus. Readers cannot verify the Geʿez text against a manuscript or assess variant readings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael":{"label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"},"ed:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael":{"label":"source edition: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"from\n\nናሁ፡ ወጠንኩ፡ ለዘኢያረምም፡ አፍ፨ ነገረ፡ ህላዌ፡ ክቡር፡ እምህላዌ፡ መላእክት፡ አእላፍ፨ ሳጥናኤል፡ ረቂቅ፡ ወሳጥናኤል፡ ግዙፍ፨ ነዓ፡ ኀቤየ፡ ከመ፡ ትምትር፡ ቈጽለ፡ እድሜሁ፡ በሰይፍ፨ ለፀርየ፡ መሬታዊ፡ ዘግብሩ፡ ግዙፍ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ዘምዑዝ፡ ጼናሁ፨ ወለሥዕርተ፡ ርእስከ፡ ነዊኅ፡ አምጣነ፡ ልዑል፡ ድማሁ፨ ነዓ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ ለለ፡ ጊዜሁ፨ ናሁ፡ ናሁ፡ ሶበ፡ ሰማዕነ፡ ዜናሁ፨ እምአእላፍ፡ ሊቃናት፡ የዐቢ፡ ግርማሁ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአቍያጺከ፡ እለ፡ ይሄይዳ፡ ዐይነ፨ አምሳለ፡ ዐምደ፡ ወርቅ፡ ዘባላቅ፡ በውስተ፡ ቤቱ፡ ዘተወሰነ፨ ሳጥናኤል፡ ለሐሰት፡ እመ፡ ስምዓ፡ ኮነ፨ ወልድከ፡ ጥብልያኮስ፡ እንተ፡ ይኤዝዝ፡ ሰይጣነ፨ ይኴንን፡ ሕያዋነ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ሙታነ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለቆምከ፡ መጾረ፡ ነበልባል፡ ወፍሕም፨ ወሰላም፡ ካዕበ፡ ለመልክእከ፡ ግሩም፨ ሳጥናኤል፡ ነዓ፡ መኰንነ፡ ሥጋ፡ ወዐጽም፨ እስከ፡ ይትሐገሩ፡ አፅራርየ፡ ለእለ፡ ከዋላ፡ ወፍጽም፨ በይምን፡ ወበጽግም፨","english":"Now I have begun to speak of him whose mouth is terrible, whose utterance is the glorious existence above the existence of thousands of angels: Sāṭnāʾel the subtle and Sāṭnāʾel the immense. Come to me that you may cut off the leaf of the hand of my earthly enemy, whose deed is immense, with a sword.\n\nSalutation to the remembrance of your name, which is fragrant, its odor; and to the hair of your head, long, the measure of the high one, its form. Come, Sāṭnāʾel, at each of his times. Now, now, when we heard his news, from among thousands of scholars his majesty is great.\n\nSalutation to your shoulders, which destroy the eye, like a pillar of gold, variegated, within his house which was appointed. Sāṭnāʾel, if he heard falsehood, it became; and your son Ṭeblyākos, who commands the demon, judges the living and buries the dead.\n\nSalutation to your stature, a furnace of flame and fire; and salutation again to your glorious form. Sāṭnāʾel, come, ruler of flesh and bone, until my enemies, those who are behind and in front, are destroyed, on the right and on the left.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ናሁ፡ ወጠንኩ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'Now I have begun' marks the start of a narrative section, consistent with the structural classification derived from Coptic cues.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሳጥናኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"Sāṭnāʾel is a variant of the name Satan, here depicted with dual epithets 'subtle' and 'immense', suggesting a syncretic figure blending angelic and demonic traits.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ጥብልያኮስ፡","severity":"info","text":"Ṭeblyākos, named as Sāṭnāʾel's son, is a figure possibly derived from Coptic or Ethiopic demonological traditions, commanding demons and judging the living and dead.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ነዓ፡ ኀቤየ፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated invocation 'Come to me' parallels summoning formulas in other Geʿez malkǝʾ-hymns, where a saint or angel is called to intervene against enemies.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ለሐሰት፡ እመ፡ ስምዓ፡ ኮነ፨","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'if he heard falsehood, it became' is ambiguous: it may mean Sāṭnāʾel turns falsehood into truth or that he is deceived by falsehood; the Geʿez allows both readings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated 'Salutation' formula aligns this hymn with the malkǝʾ genre, typically addressed to saints or angels, but here directed to a demonic figure, indicating a unique or heterodox reception.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Ṭeblyākos is uncertain; he may be a local demon or a borrowing from Coptic lore.","The phrase 'if he heard falsehood, it became' is syntactically ambiguous in Geʿez, leaving the subject and outcome unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ሰላም፡ ለቤትከ፡ ዘእሳት፡ መንጦላዕታ፨ ወለገብርከ፡ ሰላም፡ እንተ፡ ሙስና፡ እብሬታ፨ ሳጥናኤል፡ ረዳኢ፡ ወባላሒ፡ ለእጓለ፡ ማውታ፨ ትጉሃን፡ አእዳዊከ፡ ዘየሐውሩ፡ ልህኵታ፨ ላዕሌነ፡ ፀርየ፡ መሬታዊ፡ ለዘላዕሉ፡ ዕረፍታ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለሰይፍከ፡ አዳም፡ ራእዩ፨ ወኢተአውቀ፡ ዓዲ፡ ሥነ፡ ላህዩ፨ ሳጥናኤል፡ ወርቅ፡ ለአዳም፡ ዕንቈ፡ ባሕርዩ፨ ኢይብዛኅ፡ እቤለከ፡ ዘመነ፡ ስታዩ፨ ለፀርየ፡ መሬታዊ፡ ዘብዙኅ፡ እከዩ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለግርማከ፡ መፍርህ፡ ወመርዕድ፨ እምግርማ፡ መላእክት፡ አእላፍ፡ በቃለ፡ እብራዊ፡ ትውልድ፨ እለ፡ ይሰመዩ፡ ተስዓቱ፡ መፍቅድ፨ ነዓ፡ ነዓ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ ክቡድ፨ ለቀጥቅጦ፡ ፀርየ፡ መሬታዊ፡ በግርምት፡ ዐውድ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለመንበርከ፡ በርእሰ፡ ርኡሳን፡ ንቡር፨ ወሰላም፡ ካዕበ፡ ለዘፈረ፡ ልብስከ፡ ክቡር፨ ንጉሠ፡ መከራ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ ካህነ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወምድር፨ ሶበ፡ እዜከር፡ ስመከ፡ ስመ፡ በጠስ፡ ወጠቋር፨ ይትቀጥቀጥ፡ ጸላኤ፡ ወይትሐፈር፡ ፀር፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለመንጦላዕትከ፡ መንጦላዕቱ፡ ለአብ፨ አዳም፡ ጥቀ፡ ለዘያሬስዮ፡ ጠቢብ፨ ሳጥናኤል፡ ረዳኢ፡ በጊዜ፡ ምንዳቤ፡ ወጻሕብ፨ ዕፁብ፡ ዕፁብ፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ዕፁብ፨ እስመ፡ ለርሁብ፡ ሲሳይ፡ ወሀሊብ፨","english":"Salutation to your house of fire, its furnace; and salutation to your servant, the one of destruction, the iron. Sāṭnāʾel, helper and provider for the children of death. Your fierce hands that move in swiftness. Upon us, my earthly enemy, for those who are beneath, rest.\n\nSalutation to your sword, Adam saw it, and did not yet know its form, its blade. Sāṭnāʾel, gold for Adam, a precious stone of the sea. I will not say to you, \"How great is the time of your drinking?\" For my earthly enemy, whose evil is abundant.\n\nSalutation to your awe-inspiring and terrifying majesty, more than the majesty of thousands of angels, by the word of the Hebrew lineage. Those who are named the nine orders. Come, come, Sāṭnāʾel, the honored, to crush my earthly enemy in a terrible contest.\n\nSalutation to your throne, seated at the head of the chiefs; and salutation again to the fringe of your honored garment. King of affliction, Sāṭnāʾel, priest of heaven and earth. When I recall your name, the name of the one who is both bitter and sharp, my enemy trembles and my foe is humiliated.\n\nSalutation to your furnace, the furnace of the father, Adam, strong for the one who makes the wise tremble. Sāṭnāʾel, helper in time of distress and affliction. Wondrous, wondrous is the memory of your name, wondrous, for it is a feast for Ruhab and Halib.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም ለቤትከ ዘእሳት መንጦላዕታ","severity":"info","text":"Each stanza opens with 'ሰላም' (salutation) followed by a body part or attribute of Sāṭnāʾel, a pattern typical of the malkǝʾ-hymn genre.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሳጥናኤል","severity":"info","text":"Sāṭnāʾel is a Geʿez form of the name Satan, here addressed as a powerful, ambivalent figure, not necessarily evil in this hymn.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ርሁብ ወሀሊብ","severity":"info","text":"Ruhab and Halib are likely demonic or mythological figures in Ethiopic tradition, possibly related to the sea or chaos, but their precise identity is obscure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አዳም ራእዩ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Adam seeing Sāṭnāʾel's sword may echo extra-biblical traditions about Adam's encounters with demonic beings, not found in canonical scripture.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ሳጥናኤል ካህነ ሰማይ ወምድር","severity":"caution","text":"Calling Sāṭnāʾel 'priest of heaven and earth' is theologically striking; this hymn may reflect a non-orthodox or folk Christian perspective where Satan is invoked as a helper.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ለዘላዕሉ ዕረፍታ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'for those who are beneath, rest' is ambiguous: it may refer to the dead or to subordinates, and the syntax is unclear in the English draft.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Ruhab and Halib is uncertain; they may be demonic or mythological figures.","The phrase 'for those who are beneath, rest' could refer to the dead or to inferiors, and its exact meaning is unclear.","The theological stance of the hymn is ambiguous: it invokes Sāṭnāʾel as a helper, which may be non-orthodox."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"እሰግድ፡ ሠልሰ፡ ለከ፡ ዲያብሎስ፡ በልብ፨ እሰግድ፡ ለከ፡ ሀሊብ፨ እሰግድ፡ ለከ፡ ለንህብ፨ ወእሰግድ፡ በአርባብ፨\n\nእሰግድ፡ ለከ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ በርእስ፨ ለዐጽም፡ ወበነፍስ፨ ለፀርየ፡ ከመ፡ ትንግሥ፨\n\nስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ ክቡር፨ ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ መምህር፨ ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ መግረሬ፡ ፀር፨ ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ በልሳነ፡ ኵሉ፡ ፍጡር፨ ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሳጥናኤል፡ ምስለ፡ መንግሥትከ፡ በምድር፨ The following first and last stanza are taken from the edition 92-110 .\n\nናሁ፡ ወጠንኩ፡ በዘኢያረምሞ፡ አፍ። ነገረ፡ ህላዌ፡ ክቡር፡ እምህላዌ፡ መላእክት፡ አእላፍ። ሣጥናኤል፡ ረቂቅ፡ ወሣጥናኤል፡ ግዙፍ። ነዓ፡ ኀቤየ፡ ስመ፡ ትምትር፡ ቈጽለ፡ አድሜሁ፡ በሰይፍ። ለፀርየ፡ መሬታዊ፡ ዘግብሩ፡ ግዙፍ።\n\nስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሣጥናኤል፡ ክቡር። ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሣጥናኤል፡ መምሕር። ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሣጥናኤል፡ መግረሬ፡ ፀር። ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሣጥናኤል፡ በልሳነ፡ ኵሉ፡ ፍጡር። ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ ሣጥናኤል፡ ምስለ፡ መንግሥትከ፡ በምድር። ሣጥናኤል፡ ፯ ጊዜ፡ ቅትሎ፡ ፯ ጊዜ፡ ለፀርየ፡ ወአድክሞ፡ ለፀርየ።","english":"I bow, thrice to you, Devil, in heart. I bow to you, Halib. I bow to you, Lenhb. And I bow in Arbāb.\n\nI bow to you, Sāṭnāʾel, in head, to bone and in soul, to my enemy as you reign.\n\nPraise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, the honored. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, the teacher. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, the destroyer of the enemy. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, in the tongue of every creature. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, with your kingdom on earth.\n\nBehold, I have begun with what is not recited, the word of the existence of the honored, more than the existence of thousands of angels. Sāṭnāʾel, the subtle, and Sāṭnāʾel, the great. Come to me, that you may cut the hair of the one who mocks me with a sword, for my earthly enemy whose deed is great.\n\nPraise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, the honored. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, the teacher. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, the destroyer of the enemy. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, in the tongue of every creature. Praise to you, Sāṭnāʾel, with your kingdom on earth. Sāṭnāʾel, seven times kill, seven times for my enemy, and make my enemy weary.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is the third and final section of the hymn, marked by a shift from salutations to a narrative invocation and a repeated doxology.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሀሊብ (Halib)","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Halib' likely refers to a name or epithet for a demonic figure, possibly derived from Arabic 'ḥalīb' (milk) or a variant of 'Hālib' (destroyer), but its precise meaning in this context is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ለንህብ (Lenhb)","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Lenhb' is obscure; it may be a corruption or variant of a name for a demonic entity, possibly related to Geʿez 'lahaba' (to burn) or an epithet for a destructive force.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"አርባብ (Arbāb)","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Arbāb' may be a place name or a title; it could derive from Arabic 'arbāb' (lords) or Geʿez 'arbaʿ' (four), but its function here as a location or entity is unclear.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The hymn's invocation of Sāṭnāʾel as 'destroyer of the enemy' and 'teacher' reflects a tradition of demonic veneration in Ethiopian magical or protective texts, where such figures are petitioned for aid against earthly foes.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'with what is not recited' (በዘኢያረምሞ) suggests a ritual or apotropaic context, but the text may be corrupt or intentionally obscure, as the edition notes the first and last stanzas are taken from lines 92–110.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6666MalkeaSatnael","label":"betmas: Malkǝʾ-hymn to Sāṭnāʾel","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6666MalkeaSatnael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The names 'Halib', 'Lenhb', and 'Arbāb' are not clearly identified; they may be epithets, place names, or corruptions. The phrase 'with what is not recited' may indicate a missing or secret portion of the text."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}