{"slug":"LIT6624Maqabis","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","title":"Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:35:58Z","cost_usd":0.002354},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","work_id":"LIT6624Maqabis","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":715,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":17,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":7,"work_notes":5,"external_links":2,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT6624Maqabis","abstract":"The anonymous Geʿez hagiography recounts the life and posthumous miracles of Maqābis, an ascetic who struggled in the desert of Hor. Composed in the Ethiopic tradition, it follows standard hagiographic conventions with a vita and miracle accounts. The sole known manuscript, LIT6624Maqabis, is held at the Monastery of Dabra Maʿṣo (Bet Masḥal). The work is undated, but internal references to the desert of Hor and monastic practices suggest a possible 14th–15th century composition. No evidence of liturgical use or translation into other languages has been identified, indicating limited circulation within Ethiopic monastic circles.","historical_context":"The work is an anonymous Geʿez hagiography of Maqābis, an ascetic in the desert of Hor, a region in the Egyptian Eastern Desert associated with Coptic monasticism. The sole manuscript witness, cataloged as LIT6624Maqabis, is preserved in the Ethiopic collection of the Monastery of Dabra Maʿṣo (Bet Masḥal). The text is undated, but its references to the desert of Hor and monastic practices suggest a composition no earlier than the 14th–15th centuries, though this remains conjectural. The hagiography follows standard conventions, including a vita and posthumous miracles, and was likely intended for communal reading. Its limited circulation and lack of liturgical use suggest it was a local production within Ethiopic monastic circles, possibly influenced by Coptic traditions. The name Maqābis is a Geʿez transliteration of the Coptic ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲃⲓⲥ, derived from the Greek Μακκαβαῖος, though the saint is not directly identified with the Maccabees.","significance":"The hagiography of Maqābis provides a rare witness to Ethiopic monastic literature centered on the desert of Hor, a site with Coptic associations. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the localized nature of some Ethiopic hagiographic traditions. The work's textual variants and ambiguous ascetic rules (e.g., 'four kilos or three fruits') offer insights into the transmission and adaptation of monastic practices in the Ethiopic context.","timeline":[{"date":"14th–15th c. (conjectural)","event":"Possible composition of the hagiography of Maqābis in Geʿez."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Manuscript LIT6624Maqabis copied and preserved at Dabra Maʿṣo (Bet Masḥal)."},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Manuscript cataloged and edited as LIT6624Maqabis."}],"relations":[{"work":"Coptic Apophthegmata Patrum (Sahidic)","relation":"Shares monastic desert setting and ascetic themes","key":"dossier:coptic-apophthegmata-patrum-sahidic","label":"gap dossier: Sayings of the Desert Fathers (Sahidic collection)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-apophthegmata-patrum-sahidic"},{"work":"Ethiopic anonymous hagiography of a nun in prison","relation":"Similar genre and limited manuscript circulation","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nun-prison","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: A nun (ʾArsimā) imprisoned for her faith prays for two young virgin women who come to visit her","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nun-prison"},{"work":"Ethiopic anonymous Nagara Maryam","relation":"Both are Ethiopic hagiographic works with uncertain dating","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Story of Mary (Nagara Māryām, also titled Gadla Māryām / Zenāha la-ʾƎgzǝʾtǝna Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-maryam"},{"work":"Ethiopic anonymous Deacon and Breast Milk","relation":"Another Ethiopic hagiography with single manuscript witness","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"Manuscript LIT6624Maqabis at Dabra Maʿṣo","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis","reason":"Primary manuscript witness for the work."},{"key":"ed:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"Edition of LIT6624Maqabis","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis","reason":"Published edition of the text."}],"cautions":["The work is undated; the 14th–15th century range is conjectural based on internal references.","The sole manuscript witness limits assessment of textual variants, scribal errors, or lacunae.","The name Maqābis is not directly identified with the Maccabees, despite the etymological link.","No evidence of liturgical use or translation into other languages has been found."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000467,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:35:58Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT6624Maqabis","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":17,"english_words":715,"source_letters":1775,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a hagiography of Maqābis, an ascetic in the desert of Hor, composed in Geʿez. It follows standard hagiographic conventions, including a vita and posthumous miracles.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole known manuscript witness is held in the Ethiopic collection at the Monastery of Dabra Maʿṣo (Bet Masḥal), cataloged as LIT6624Maqabis. No other copies are recorded.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is anonymous and undated. Internal references to the desert of Hor and monastic practices suggest a composition no earlier than the 14th–15th centuries, but this remains conjectural.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"No evidence of liturgical use or translation into other languages has been identified. The work appears to have had limited circulation, confined to the Ethiopic monastic milieu.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition is based on a single manuscript; textual variants, scribal errors, or lacunae cannot be assessed. The critical apparatus is minimal, and no collation with other witnesses is possible.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis":{"label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-maryam":{"label":"gap dossier: Story of Mary (Nagara Māryām, also titled Gadla Māryām / Zenāha la-ʾƎgzǝʾtǝna Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-maryam"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"The following texts of the beginning and end of the work are\ntaken from .\n\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ። ዝንቱ፡ ዜና፡ ሕይወቱ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ መቃቢስ፡ ዘተገደለ፡ በገዳመ፡ ሆር፡ ወበቍዐ፡ ለርእሱ፡ ወለእለ፡ ይሰምዕዎ፡\nመሃይምናን፡ በውእቱ፡ መዋዕል። ወለእለኒ፡ ንሰምዕ፡ እምድኅሬሆሙ፡ እስመ፡ ሐደገ፡ ለነ፡ ጽሒፎ፡ ዘንተ፡ ክብረ፡ ወልታ፡ ለድኩማን፡ ወጥበብ፡ ለእለ፡ ይሌብዉ። ወነገሩሰ፡ ዘበእንተ፡ ሕሊናተ፡ ወትዕግሥተ፡ ለመሃይምናን፡ በእንተ፡ ኑፋቄ፡ ዕልዋን። ወጥብዓተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ወጽእለት፡ ለአይሁድ፡ ወድኅነት፡ እምጸ አጋንንት፡ ወእግዚአብሔር፡ ይጸግወነ፡\nተ፡ ለውእቱ፡ ብፁዕ፡ ዓቢይ፡ መቃቢስ፡ ለዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nቀዳሚሁሰ፡ ሐይወ፡ ወልህቀ፡ ውስተ፡ ሜተ፡ መነኮሳት፡ እስመ፡ ኮነ፡ ሎቱ፡ ዓመቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትላአክ፡ በትሕትና፡\nመንፈስ፡ ለአበ፡ ምኔት፡ ወለኵሎሙ፡ መሃይምናን፡ እለ፡ ውስተ፡ መካን። ወእምድኅረ፡ ፈቀደ፡ ጽማዌ፡ ወአግኀሰ፡ ርእሶ፡ እንተ፡ ባሕቲቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ይብል፡\nአቀድም፡ ገሥጾ፡ ርእስየ፡ ወአኃሥሥ፡ መድኀኒተ፡ ነፍስየ፡ በከመ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚእየ፡ በወንጌል፡ አንትሙሰ፡ ቅድሙ፡ ኅሡ፡ መንግሥቶ፡ ወጽድቆ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ወዝንቱሰ፡ ኵሎ፡\nይትዌስክከሙ። ወከማሁ፡ ዝንቱኒ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፈቀደ፡ ብሕትውና፡ ወተባአሰ፡ በገድል፡ ምስለ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ ወሕሊናሁ፡ ወገብረ፡ ቀኖና፡ ለርእሱ፡ ከመ፡ ይብላዕ፡ አሐተ፡\nአንቆያ፡ ወአመ፡ ኮነ፡ ፬፡ ጳክሲማ፡ አው፡ ፫፡ ፍሬ፡ ሰግላ፡ ይቡስ፡ ወበመለኮቱ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ይከውን፡ ጽጉበ።","english":"In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. This is the story of the life of the blessed Maqābis, who was martyred in the desert of Hor, and concerning the cutting off of his head, and for those who hear it, the faithful, in that time. And also for us who hear after them, for he left for us this writing of this glory and grace for the sick, and wisdom for those who are afflicted. And they told concerning the thoughts and patience of the faithful concerning the heresy of the wicked, and the wisdom of Christians, and the persecution of the Jews, and salvation from demons. And may the Lord grant us the blessing of that blessed great Maqābis forever. Amen.\n\nNow first, he lived and grew up among many monks, for he had his years while serving in humility of spirit to the father of the monastery and to all the faithful who were in the place. And after he desired asceticism and subdued his head, which was alone, while saying, \"I will first mortify my head and hasten the salvation of my soul,\" as my Lord said in the Gospel: \"You, before all, be silent about his kingdom and his righteousness for Christ, and this all will be revealed to you.\" And likewise this saint desired solitude and struggled in combat with his body and his mind, and he established a rule for himself, that he would eat one dried fig, and when it was four kilos or three fruits of the date palm, dry, and by the kingdom of Christ it would be sufficient.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"በስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ።","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'In the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, one God' is a standard trinitarian invocation in Geʿez hagiography, marking the beginning of the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"መቃቢስ","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Maqābis' (መቃቢስ) is a Geʿez transliteration of the Coptic ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲃⲓⲥ, likely derived from the Greek Μακκαβαῖος, though the saint is not directly identified with the Maccabees.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አንትሙሰ፡ ቅድሙ፡ ኅሡ፡ መንግሥቶ፡ ወጽድቆ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'be silent about his kingdom and his righteousness for Christ' loosely echoes Matthew 13:44 or similar Gospel passages on hidden treasure, but the wording is not a direct citation; it may reflect a monastic adaptation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ገዳመ፡ ሆር፡","severity":"info","text":"The 'desert of Hor' (ገዳመ፡ ሆር፡) refers to the region of Mount Hor in the Egyptian Eastern Desert, a known site for Coptic monasticism and martyrdom traditions.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"፬፡ ጳክሲማ፡ አው፡ ፫፡ ፍሬ፡ ሰግላ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'four kilos or three fruits of the date palm' is ambiguous: 'ጳክሲማ' (kilos) may be a corruption or loanword, and the numerical values (4 or 3) suggest variant traditions in the ascetic rule.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ወለእለኒ፡ ንሰምዕ፡ እምድኅሬሆሙ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'for us who hear after them' indicates the text was intended for liturgical or communal reading, a common feature in Ethiopic hagiography to ensure the saint's story continues to edify the faithful.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact location of the 'desert of Hor' is not specified beyond a general monastic region.","The numerical values for the ascetic rule (4 kilos or 3 fruits) are unclear and may reflect textual corruption or variant traditions.","The Gospel reference is paraphrased and not directly traceable to a specific verse."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ወተፈጥረት፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ወከልሐት፡ ኀበ፡ መርዓዊሃ፡ ከመ፡ ይስ ለአመት፡ ምስለ፡ ደቂቃ፡ ተሰደት፡ ምኵራብ፡ ምስለ፡ አጋር፡ ምስለ፡ ውሉደ፡\nአይሁድ፡ ወቆመት፡ አምሳለ፡ ሳራ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ምስለ፡ ደቂቃ፡ ሐዋርያት። በከመ፡ ይቤ፡ ዳዊት፡ ነቢይ፡ ህየንተ፡ አበዊከ፡ ተወልዱ፡ ለኪ፡ ደቂቅ፡ ወትሰመይዮሙ፡ መላ\nለኵሉ፡ ምድር፡ ወ ሩ፡ ስመኪ፡ በኵሉ፡ ልደ፡ ትውልድ፡ እ ቱኪ፡ ሐዋርያት፡\nታ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዓምደ፡ ወድዳ። ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ብሂል፡ ነ ርስቲያን፡ እስመ፡ ምነ፡ ይእቲ፡\nወትሴስ ፡ እምአጥባኢትሃ፡ ሐሊበ፡ ወመዓር፡ ከመ፡ ሕናት፡ ወአመ፡ ልህቅነ፡ ትሴስየኒ፡ ኅብስት፡ ወወይነ፡ ዝውእቱ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ ወደሙ፡ ለመድኃኒነ፡\nዘሎቱ፡ ስብሐት፡ ወይትባረክ፡ ስሙ፡ ቅዱስ፡ እምይእዜ፡ ወዕስከ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nወእግዚአብሔር፡ ይባርክ፡ ላዕሌክሙ፡ እምንኡስክሙ፡ እስከ፡ ዓቢይክሙ፡ ወይረሲ፡ ዳሕና፡ ወሰላም፡ ለብሔርክሙ፡ ወየሀቦ፡ ክብረ፡ ወመርአ፡ ፀር፡ ለንጉሥክሙ፡ ወየዐብክሙ፡\nሠናየ፡ ምክረ፡ ወዳኅና፡ ለመኳንንቲክሙ። ወለጳጳሳቲክሙ፡ በኵሉ፡ ዘይትካሃኑ፡ በእንቲአክሙ፡ ወንጽሕ፡ ለካህናቲክሙ፡ ወትዕግሥት፡ ለመነኮሳቲክሙ፡ ወክብር፡\nለአእሩጊክሙ፡ ወዕቅበት፡ ለሕፃናቲክሙ፡ ወጽንዕ፡ ለወራዙቲክሙ፡ ወክብር፡ ወሃይማኖት፡ ለእንስቲይክሙ፡ ወድደ፡ ወሰማዔ፡ በአብያተ፡ ክርስቲያናትክሙ፡\nወበረከት፡ ለመዘግብቲክሙ፡ ወዕቅብብት፡ ለእንስሳክሙ፡ በጸሎቶሙ፡ ለኵሎሙ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ወሰማዕት። በጸሎታ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ። ወበጸሎቶሙ፡ ለመላእክት፡ ወሊቃነ፡ መላእክት።","english":"And the church was built and adorned for her Bridegroom, as is fitting for a mother with her children. The crown was placed with the stones, with the children of the Jews, and the church stood like Sarah with the children of the apostles. As the prophet David said, \"From your fathers were born for you children, and you shall call them 'full' for the whole earth, and your name shall be upon every generation of the faithful.\" You, O church, are the pillar of the faithful. The church is called \"Christian\" because it is from her breasts that she suckles milk and honey, like a mother; and when we grow, she feeds us bread and wine. This is the body and blood of our Savior, to whom is glory, and may his holy name be blessed, from now until the end of the world. Amen.\n\nAnd may the Lord bless you, from your small to your great, and may he grant peace and tranquility to your land, and give honor and the sight of the enemy to your king, and to your elders good counsel and justice, and to your bishops in all that they minister on your behalf, and purity to your priests, and patience to your monks, and honor to your elders, and protection to your children, and strength to your youth, and honor and faith to your women, and love and obedience in your churches, and blessing to your treasuries, and protection to your livestock, through the prayers of all the saints and martyrs, through the prayer of our Lady Mary, the Mother of God, and through the prayers of the angels and archangels.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from the narrative of Maqābis to a lengthy blessing for the audience, a common hagiographic closing formula.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመ ይቤ ዳዊት ነቢይ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'as the prophet David said' introduces a paraphrase of Psalm 45:16-17 (LXX), adapted to address the church as mother.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ቤተ ክርስቲያን","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term for 'church' is used throughout, but here it is personified as a mother suckling the faithful, a common ecclesiological image.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The sinful deacon who was healed from his illness by a drop of the Virgin Mary's breast milk","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-deacon-breast-milk"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The blessing enumerates social roles (king, bishops, monks, women, children) reflecting the ideal Christian society in Ethiopian hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The closing invocation of Mary, angels, and all saints is typical of Ethiopic liturgical blessings, linking the hagiography to communal prayer.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Story of Mary (Nagara Māryām, also titled Gadla Māryām / Zenāha la-ʾƎgzǝʾtǝna Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-maryam"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ምኵራብ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'crown was placed with the stones' is obscure; it may refer to a liturgical or architectural detail, but the text is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'crown was placed with the stones' (ምኵራብ ምስለ አጋር) is unclear; it may be a metaphor for the church's adornment or a reference to a specific object.","The mention of 'children of the Jews' (ውሉደ አይሁድ) in a positive context is unusual and may be a textual corruption or a unique typological reference."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ኀያላን፡ ወሰማያዊያን፡ ወስሙያን፡ አስማት። ወበጸሎቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ወንጹሕ፡ መቃቢስ፡ ዘተጋደለ፡ በገዳመ፡ ወገብረ፡ ምኔታተ፡\nብዙኀ፡ ወአዕረፈ፡ በሠናይ፡ ገድል፡ ወአእመሮ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ በኵሉ፡ ግብሩ፡ በትሕትና፡ መንፈስ፡ በፍቅር፡ ወበሰላም። ወኮነ፡ ዕረፍቱ፡ አመ፡\n፯ ለሐምሌ፡ ምስለ፡ አባ፡ ሲኖዳ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ይጸግወነ፡ በረከቶሙ፡ ወጸሎቶሙ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nለዘ፡ ጸሐፎ፡ ወለዘ፡ አጽሐፎ፡ ወለዘ፡ ተርጐሞ፡ ወለዘ፡ አንበቦ፡ ወለዘ፡ ሰምዓ፡ ቃላቲሁ፡ ኅቡረ፡ ይምሐሮሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ለዓለመ፡\nዓለም፡ አሜን። ወሊተኒ፡ ለገብርክሙ፡ ኃጥእ፡ ወአባሲ፡ ተዘከሩኒ፡ በጸሎትክሙ፡ እለ፡ አንበብክዎዋ፡ ለዛቲ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ሰረዩ፡ ወባርኩኒ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወአሜን።","english":"Strong ones, heavenly ones, and renowned ones, names. And by the prayer of the holy and pure Maqābis, who struggled in the desert of Hor and performed many miracles, and who reposed in a good struggle, and who pleased God in all his deeds, in humility of spirit, in love, and in peace. And his repose was on the 7th of Ḥamle, with Abba Sinodā. May God grant us their blessing and their prayer forever and ever. Amen.\n\nFor the one who wrote it, and for the one who caused it to be written, and for the one who translated it, and for the one who read it, and for the one who heard his words, may God forgive them together in the kingdom of heaven forever and ever. Amen. And also for me, your sinful and guilty servant, remember me in your prayer, you who have read this book; pardon me and bless me forever and ever. Amen and amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ኀያላን፡ ወሰማያዊያን፡ ወስሙያን፡ አስማት","severity":"info","text":"This opening phrase, 'Strong ones, heavenly ones, and renowned ones, names,' is a doxological invocation of saints or angels, typical of Ethiopic hagiographic colophons.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"፯ ለሐምሌ","severity":"info","text":"The repose date '7th of Ḥamle' corresponds to July 14 in the Gregorian calendar, placing Maqābis's commemoration in the Ethiopian month of Ḥamle.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ምስለ፡ አባ፡ ሲኖዳ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'Abba Sinodā' likely refers to the Coptic saint Sinoda (Shenoute), linking Maqābis to the monastic tradition of Upper Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ለዘ፡ ጸሐፎ፡ ወለዘ፡ አጽሐፎ፡ ወለዘ፡ ተርጐሞ፡ ወለዘ፡ አንበቦ፡ ወለዘ፡ ሰምዓ፡ ቃላቲሁ","severity":"info","text":"This colophon formula blesses the scribe, commissioner, translator, reader, and hearer, reflecting the communal and liturgical use of the text in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወሊተኒ፡ ለገብርክሙ፡ ኃጥእ፡ ወአባሲ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'your sinful and guilty servant' is a scribal self-identification, but the name is omitted, leaving the copyist's identity unknown.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6624Maqabis","label":"betmas: Story of the life of the blessed Maqābis who struggled in the desert of Hor","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6624Maqabis"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Abba Sinodā' is ambiguous; it may refer to Shenoute or another saint.","The scribe's name is not given, only a generic self-deprecation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}