{"slug":"LIT6329CCR22","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT6329CCR22","title":"Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","author":"Anonymous","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:11Z","cost_usd":0.002821},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT6329CCR22","work_id":"LIT6329CCR22","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":801,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":17,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":5,"work_notes":5,"external_links":3,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"LIT6329CCR22","abstract":"This document records the restoration of a gʷǝlt (land grant) by King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon (also known as Garba Masqal), confirming land rights to a church or monastic institution. The text opens with a trinitarian invocation, the king's self-identification, and a narrative of restoration, followed by toponyms, boundaries, and gifts. It closes with provisions for other churches. The edition is based on a single manuscript witness (betmas) with no explicit date or colophon. The document reflects royal patronage typical of the Ethiopian highlands and survives in a manuscript tradition indicating ongoing legal and liturgical use.","historical_context":"The text dates to the reign of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon (1314–1344 CE), a major Solomonic ruler of the Ethiopian Empire. The document was likely produced in the Ethiopian highlands, within the kingdom's administrative and ecclesiastical centers. It belongs to the genre of gʷǝlt charters—land grants often held by churches or monasteries—and is written in Geʿez, the liturgical and legal language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The text survives in a single manuscript witness (betmas), with no external colophon or explicit year preserved. Such charters were frequently copied into monastic archives (däbr) and cited in later land disputes, though this specific text's later use is undocumented. The edition provides no translation or commentary on legal formulae, requiring readers to consult secondary studies for Geʿez land-grant terminology.","significance":"This charter exemplifies royal patronage of ecclesiastical institutions in the Solomonic period, illustrating the intersection of political authority, land tenure, and religious life in medieval Ethiopia. Its preservation in a manuscript tradition underscores the enduring legal and liturgical importance of such documents. The text also provides insight into administrative practices, boundary marking (sarāwīlyā), and the ceremonial production of legal instruments.","timeline":[{"date":"1314–1344 CE","event":"Reign of King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon (Garba Masqal), during which the gʷǝlt restoration is recorded."},{"date":"14th c.","event":"Probable date of the original charter, based on the king's reign."},{"date":"Undated","event":"Copying of the text into the betmas manuscript witness; no colophon preserved."},{"date":"Later centuries","event":"Possible citation in land disputes, though not documented in the edition."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Edition published as LIT6329CCR22, based on the single manuscript witness."}],"relations":[{"work":"LIT6329CCR22","relation":"Edition of the same text","key":"ed:LIT6329CCR22","label":"source edition: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"},{"work":"betmas manuscript","relation":"Single manuscript witness","key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Amda Seyon I","label":"Wikipedia article on ʿAmda Ṣǝyon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amda_Seyon_I","reason":"Provides historical context for the king's reign and patronage."},{"key":"wikipedia:Geʽez","label":"Wikipedia article on Geʿez language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez","reason":"Explains the language of the document."},{"key":"wikipedia:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","label":"Wikipedia article on the church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church","reason":"Contextualizes the religious institution receiving the grant."}],"cautions":["The text's dating depends on internal regnal references; no explicit year or colophon is preserved in the edition.","The edition is based on a single manuscript witness (betmas); variant readings or later interpolations cannot be assessed without additional evidence.","The specific later use of this charter in land disputes is not documented in the edition.","The edition provides no translation or commentary on legal formulae; readers unfamiliar with Geʿez land-grant terminology must consult secondary studies."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000441,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:35:00Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT6329CCR22","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":17,"english_words":801,"source_letters":1758,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The document records the restoration of gʷǝlt (land grant) by King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon (also known as Garba Masqal), confirming rights to a church or monastic institution.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"ʿAmda Ṣǝyon reigned 1314–1344 CE. The text’s dating depends on internal regnal references; no external colophon or explicit year is preserved in the edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT6329CCR22","label":"source edition: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition is based on a single manuscript witness (betmas). Variant readings or later interpolations cannot be assessed without additional manuscript evidence.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Gʷǝlt charters were often cited in later land disputes and copied into däbr (monastic) archives, but this specific text’s later use is not documented in the edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT6329CCR22","label":"source edition: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition provides no translation or commentary on legal formulae; readers unfamiliar with Geʿez land-grant terminology must consult secondary studies.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT6329CCR22":{"label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"},"ed:LIT6329CCR22":{"label":"source edition: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"በአኰቴተ፡ አብ፡ ወወልደ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አጽሐፍ\nኩ፡ አነ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮንነ፡ ንጉሥ፡ በርየወይ፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረ\nት፡ አግባእኩ፡ አነ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ንጉሥ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ዘአሃም\nዘተገፍዐ፡ ጕልተ፡ በከመ፡ ወሀ፡ ቀደምት፡ ወአነሂነ፡ ወሀብኩ፡\nበእንተ፡ ፍቅሩ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ከመ፡ ይትወሐሰኒ፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰ\nማያት፡ ወያኑኅ፡ መዋዕልየ፡ በዲበ፡ ምድር። አጕለትኩ፡ ዘን\nተ፡ ጕልተ፡ በአዌገርነ፡ አ፡ ዓድ፡ ሕንዖ። ወእለንተ፡ ቢሐት፡\nወእንቀርዖ፡ ቀርንአም፡ ምሕባአ፡ መንደልት፡ ወምጕልብታ፡\nገለባ፡ ወሴሴት፡ በድዕዱዕ፡ ጊዐድ፡ በመረጊንያጋ፡ ፯፡ ዐድ፡ ተ\nደረር፡ በገማር፡ ምስለ፡ ምድሮሙ፡ በኀበ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ወርቅ፡ ወአ\n\nልባስ፡ ቦደ፡ ወሤ፡ ክቡራት፡ ወለቅዱሳን፡ ሰብዙትነወ ነየ\nላህም፡ ጽ፡ መነሰንስት፡ ፫፡ ሰራዊልየ፡ አውጺእየ፡ እምሐቂየኒ፡\nወር፡ አላእንየ፡ አውጺእየ፡ እምእገርየ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ለመጣዕ፡\nወር፡ መስቀል፡ በወርቅ፡ ወጽ፡ ጻሕል፡ በወርቅ፡ ወአ፡ ጽዋዕ፡\nዘወርቅ፡ ለ፡ ጽዋዕ፡ ዘብሩር፡ ወሰ፡ ጸሐል፡ ዘብሩር፡ ወክልኤ፡\nቱ፡ ጻሕል፡ ዘድዕም፡ መብራሀት፡ ወዕጣን፡ ዘአልቦ፡ ኍልቁ። ወለካልኣን፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያናት፡ እለ፡ ውስተ፡ ሀገሩ፡ በ፡ አ\nልባሰ፡ ክቡራት።","english":"In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, I have written. I, ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, king, by the grace of God, in the year of mercy, I, ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, king, restored the gʷǝlt which had been seized, as it was in the time of the ancestors, and I also gave it for the love of Maṭāʿ, so that he may intercede for me in the kingdom of heaven and prolong my days upon earth. I restored this gʷǝlt in ʾAwegerna, ʿAd, Ḥǝnḫo, and these qāḥat, and ʾƎnqarʿo, Qarnʿam, Mǝḥbāʿa Mändälät, and Mǝgʷǝlbǝtta, Gäläba, and Sēsēt, in Dǝʿdǝʿ Giyʿad, in Märengǝnyāga, seven ʿAd, Tadärär, in Gämar, together with their lands, where there is gold and garments, Bāda, and Šē, noble ones, and for the saints, I have given them. I have written the boundaries: three sarāwīlyā, I brought out from my belt, and I brought out from my foot, and I gave to Maṭāʿ a cross of gold, and a ṣāḥǝl of gold, and a ṣǝwāʿ of gold, a ṣǝwāʿ of crystal, and a ṣāḥǝl of crystal, and two ṣāḥǝl of brass, lamps, and incense without limit. And for the other churches which are in his city, noble garments.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a trinitarian invocation, followed by the king's self-identification and a narrative of restoration. It then lists toponyms, boundaries, and gifts, closing with provisions for other churches.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ጕልት (gʷǝlt)","severity":"info","text":"Gʷǝlt denotes a land grant, often for ecclesiastical or monastic support, with rights to revenue. Its restoration here is a legal and pious act.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰራዊልየ (sarāwīlyā)","severity":"info","text":"Sarāwīlyā likely refers to boundary markers or documents, derived from Greek σηράγγιον. The phrase 'brought out from my belt and from my foot' suggests a ceremonial or legal production.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The king ʿAmda Ṣǝyon (r. 1314–1344) was a major Solomonic ruler. This charter reflects his patronage of churches and monasteries, typical of royal land grants in the Ethiopian highlands.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives in a manuscript tradition (betmas) and is cited as LIT6329CCR22. Its preservation indicates ongoing legal and liturgical use of such charters.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The precise location of several toponyms (e.g., ʾAwegerna, Ḥǝnḫo) is uncertain. The phrase 'three sarāwīlyā' may refer to boundary documents or physical markers; the exact meaning is debated."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ወዘንተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘወሀብኩ፡ አነ፡ ዓምደ፡ ጽዩ\nን፡ ንጉሥ፡ አእሚርየ፡ ከመ፡ የሐልፍ፡ ኵሎ፡ ንብረተ፡ ዝንቱ፡\nዓለም፡ ወሰማዕኩ፡ ቃለ፡ መክብብ፡ ዘይቤ፡ ከንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ከንቱ፡\nዘእንበለ፡ ዘአቅደመ፡ ሰንቆ፡ በሕይወቱነ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ አነ፡ ክር\nስቶስ፡ አቦሁ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ዘአሃም፡ ዘአዘዘኒ፡ እግዚእየ፡ ዐምደ\nጸዮንጋ፡ እንዘ፡ ሥዩመ፡ አንትርታ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ማእክለ፡ ባሕር፡\nእንዘ፡ ማእክለ፡ ትዋዛትነ። ወእንዘ፡ ሐሳን፡ ወአቃንጸን፡ ባሕረ፡\nአሰገድ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለዓምደ፡ ጽዮንጋ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ወበታሕቲሁ፡\nክርስቶስ፡ አቡሁ፡ መኰንን፡ እንዘ፡ ሕዴገ፡ እምባ፡ ሠናይት፡\nነይሶ፡ እንዘ፡ መአሳረ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ከሕሱ፡ ወልደ፡ ኖላዌ፡ ወእንዘ፡\nወቃቤ፡ ሰዐተ፡ መጣዕ፡ ገብረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለበርናበስ። ዘአጽሐፍዋ፡ ተጋቢኦሙ፡ በሕዛእተ፡ ምሥያም። አመ፡ ይሁ\nበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለዓምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ምድረ፡ በምልአ፡ ወ\nዝንተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ጕልተ፡ ዘአጐለትኩን፡ ለአበኀ፡ መጣዕ፡ ዘኢይበ\nውአ፡ ሥዩም፡ ወኢስቡር፡ ኢመኰንን፡ ወኢኀያልዖ፡ ወኢቃ\nለ፡ ነጋሂ፡ ኢአንበሳ፡ ወኢፈረስ፡ ኢማእከለ፡ ባሕር፡ ወኢአው","english":"and all this that I have given, I, ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, king, have decreed, as all the property of this world passes away, and I have heard the word of the Preacher, which says, \"Vanity, all is vanity,\" except that which one has done before his death. In his lifetime, I, Christos, his father, have given to the lord of the land of Maṭaʿ, who commanded me, my lord ʿAmda Ṣǝyon Garba Masqal, while I was appointed as Antarta, and while I was in the midst of the sea, in the midst of our inheritance, and while I was in the fortress and the port of the sea, Asagad, son of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon Garba Masqal, king, and under him Christos, his father, the governor, while he was fleeing from the good, seeking, while he was a companion of the king, his brother, the son of Nolāwe, and while he was a guardian of the hour of Maṭaʿ, Gabra Krǝstos, son of Barnabas, who wrote them, they were gathered together in the sorrow of Mǝśyām. When the Lord God gives to ʿAmda Ṣǝyon the land in its fullness, and all this gʷǝlt which I have restored to the father of Maṭaʿ, which is appointed and not to be broken, not to be governed, not to be altered, and not to be a matter of a herald, not to be a lion, and not to be a horse, in the midst of the sea, and not to be...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጕልተ (gʷǝlt)","severity":"info","text":"A gʷǝlt is a land grant, often a fief held by a church or monastery, restored here by the king. The term is central to the document's legal force.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ቃለ መክብብ (word of the Preacher)","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Vanity, all is vanity' echoes Ecclesiastes 1:2 (LXX: ματαιότης ματαιοτήτων). The Geʿez መክብብ (mäkəbbəb) renders 'Preacher' (Qoheleth).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"አንትርታ (Antarta)","severity":"info","text":"Antarta is a historical port city on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea, associated with the Dahlak archipelago. Its mention locates the king's authority.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወዘንተ ኵሎ (and all this)","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the king's first-person declaration, then shifts to a third-person narrative about Christos and Asagad, complicating the speaker identity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢአንበሳ ወኢፈረስ (not to be a lion, and not to be a horse)","severity":"caution","text":"The meaning of these animal prohibitions is unclear; they may be symbolic of royal or military claims, or a corruption. The text breaks off mid-clause.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"መጣዕ (Maṭāʿ)","severity":"info","text":"Maṭāʿ is a saint venerated in the Ethiopian tradition, often associated with the monastery of Däbrä Maṭāʿ. The grant is made for his intercession.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The speaker shifts from 'I, ʿAmda Ṣǝyon' to 'I, Christos, his father' without clear demarcation; the English draft treats Christos as speaker mid-passage, but the Geʿez may preserve a nested quotation.","The list of prohibitions (lion, horse, etc.) is syntactically incomplete and its referent uncertain.","The identity of 'Asagad, son of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon Garba Masqal' is unclear; he may be a son or a subordinate official."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ፋረ፡ ወኢአፈነ፡ አውፋሪ፡ ኢሥዩመ፡ አዌገር፡ ወኢገቦአ፡\nአዌገር፡ ኢሥዩመ፡ ደብረ፡ ማዕዖ፡ ወኢሕዲተ፡ ኢሥዩመ፡ ዘ\nፊዳ፡ ወኢገአ፡ ዘፊዳ፡ ኢአውፋረ ሐማሴን፡ ኢዓቃንጸን፡\nሐማሴን፤። ዘኢይበውአ፡ ለመረገንያ፡ ወለድዕዱዕ፡ ወለኵሉት፡\nጕልቱ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ዘአሃምዓ፡ ዘወሀብኩ፡ አነ፡ ዓምደ፡ ጽዮን፡\nንጉሥ፤ ወለእመቦ፡ ዘተኀየሎ፡ ወዘተሀገሎ፡ ውገዘ፡ ለይኩን፡ በ\nአፈ፡ ባር፡ ነቢያት፡ ወበአፈ፡ ፲ወ፪፡ ሐዋርያት፡ በአፈ፡ ፳ወ፡\nካህናተ፡ ሰማይ፡ በአፈ፡ ፸ወ፰፡ ርቱኅነ፡ ሀይማኖትነ፡ ወበአፈ፡\nጴጥሮስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ወበጸሎቱ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ ወበአፈ፡ አብ፡ ወ\nወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ውጉዘ፡ ለይኩን፡ በዝ፡ ዓለም፡ ወ\nበዘይመጽእ፡ ዓለም፡ ዘኢይትፈታሕየ፡ በጸም፡ ወበጸሎት፡ በስ\nኤል፡ ወበሰገድ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወለንጉሥነ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ የሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መንግ\nሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ህንተ፡ ኅዳት፡ ብዙኀ፡ አሜን። የሀቦ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ፀንተ፡ ንስቲት፡ ዐቢየ፡ አሜን። የሀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ህንተ፡ ዘበምድር፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ አሜን። ወየንተ፡ ዘይበሊ፡ ዘኢይበሊ፡ አሜን። ፀንተ፡ ዘይማዕን፡ ዘ\nኢይማስን፡ አሜን። ወያኑኅ፡ መዋዕሊሁ፡ በዲበ፡ ምድር፡ አሜ\nን። ወያግርር፡ ጸሮ፡ ወጸላእቶ፡ አሜን። ወይሰረይ፡ ኃጢአቶ፡ ወ\nይደምስስ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ዕዱ፡ አሜን። የሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ጥ\nበበ፡ ከመ፡ ሰሎሞን፡ አሜን። የሀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሞገሰ፡ ከመ፡ ዓዊት፡ አሜን። የሀ፡\nእግዚአብሔር፡ ትዕግሥተ፡ ከመ፡ ኢዮብ፡ አሜን። የሀ፡ እግ\nዚአብሔር፡ መዊአ፡ ከመ፡ ኢያሱ፡ አሜን።","english":"given for God, and for the sake of one's soul. And I have confirmed this, and I have made it firm, and I have established it, and I have set it, and I have decreed it, and I have given it as a gʷǝlt to the church of Dabra Maʿǝdo, and as a gift I have given it, and as a fida I have given it, and as a gʷǝlt of Ḥamāsen and ʿĀqānzen Ḥamāsen. And let no one enter into it for the purpose of inheritance, or for division, or for any of its gʷǝlt, for the sake of the māṭāʿ that I have granted, which I, ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, king, have given. And if anyone should transgress or violate this, let him be excommunicated by the mouth of the prophets, and by the mouth of the twelve apostles, and by the mouth of the twenty-four priests of heaven, and by the mouth of the seventy-two orthodox of our faith, and by the mouth of Peter, the head of the bishops, and by the prayer of the blessed one, and by the mouth of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Let him be accursed in this world and in the world to come, and may he not be absolved by prayer or by supplication, by the name of God or by prostration, forever and ever. Amen. And may God grant to our king, ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, the kingdom of heaven, a long life, many years. Amen. May God grant him steadfastness, great victory. Amen. May God grant him what is on earth and what is in heaven. Amen. And may he grant him that which is and that which is not. Amen. Steadfastness that is strong and unshakable. Amen. And may his days be prolonged upon the earth. Amen. And may he destroy his enemy and his adversaries. Amen. And may he forgive his sins and blot out the book of his debt. Amen. May God grant him wisdom like Solomon. Amen. May God grant him glory like David. Amen. May God grant him patience like Job. Amen. May God grant him strength like Joshua. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጕልቱ (gʷǝltu)","severity":"info","text":"The term gʷǝlt (ጕልት) denotes a land grant, typically inalienable and held by a church or monastery, often with tax exemptions. Here it is used for the grant to Dabra Maʿǝdo and for lands in Ḥamāsen and ʿĀqānzen Ḥamāsen.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ፊዳ (fida)","severity":"info","text":"Fida (ፊዳ) refers to a pious endowment or offering, often for the repose of the soul. The text states the grant is given 'as a fida,' reinforcing its spiritual purpose.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"መጣዕ (māṭāʿ)","severity":"info","text":"Māṭāʿ (መጣዕ) is a term for a land grant or benefice, often associated with royal donation. The text specifies the gʷǝlt is granted 'for the sake of the māṭāʿ that I have granted,' linking the two concepts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"፲ወ፪ ሐዋርያት (twelve apostles)","severity":"info","text":"The list of authorities for excommunication includes 'the twelve apostles,' echoing New Testament references (e.g., Acts 1:26). The 'twenty-four priests of heaven' and 'seventy-two orthodox' are traditional Ethiopian ecclesiastical enumerations.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage concludes with a series of benedictions for King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, each introduced by 'Amen' and invoking biblical figures (Solomon, David, Job, Joshua). This formulaic structure is typical of Ethiopian royal charters.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The benedictions compare the king to Solomon (wisdom), David (glory), Job (patience), and Joshua (strength), reflecting a tradition of royal panegyric that aligns the king with biblical exemplars. This reinforces the sacral legitimacy of the grant.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT6329CCR22","label":"betmas: Restoration of gʷǝlt by ‘Amda Ṣǝyon/Garba Masqal","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT6329CCR22"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ጸሮ ወጸላእቶ' (ṣaro waṣalāʿeto) is translated as 'his enemy and his adversaries,' but the precise referent is unclear; it may be a generic formula. The term 'መጽሐፈ ዕዱ' (maṣḥafa ʿadu) 'book of his debt' is ambiguous: it could refer to a record of sins or a literal debt ledger."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}