{"slug":"LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","title":"Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:24:27Z","cost_usd":0.00266},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","work_id":"LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":479,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":23,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":3,"ambiguities":7,"work_notes":5,"external_links":6,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","abstract":"The Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos is an anonymous Geʿez hagiographic collection recounting miracles attributed to a group of martyrs venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. The work survives in multiple manuscripts, the sole modern edition being betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos, which presents the Geʿez text without translation or critical apparatus. The collection follows standard hagiographic patterns, with numbered miracle accounts introduced by headings. It likely served liturgical purposes, possibly read during feasts of the martyrs. The dating remains uncertain, pending paleographic and codicological analysis. The text includes references to historical figures such as Queen ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā and employs biblical echoes, notably of divine punishment.","historical_context":"The work is composed in Geʿez, the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and belongs to the broader Ethiopic hagiographic corpus. Its exact date and place of composition are unknown; the sole edition relies on manuscripts held in multiple repositories, including those cataloged in Hollis records, but provides no paleographic or codicological details. The collection likely originated in a monastic or ecclesiastical setting in the Ethiopian highlands, where hagiographic compilations were produced for liturgical reading and devotional use. It parallels other Ethiopic miracle collections, such as the Taʾammərā Maryam (Miracles of Mary), and may have been used during martyrs' feasts. The text's transmission is manuscript-based, with no evidence of a printed edition before the modern one. The reference to Queen ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā suggests a medieval Ethiopian context, though her identity remains uncertain. The work's genre and content align with the wider Christian hagiographic tradition, including Greek and Latin miracle collections.","significance":"The Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos is significant as a witness to Ethiopian Orthodox hagiography and liturgical practice. It expands the known corpus of Ethiopic miracle collections and offers insights into local martyrial cults, devotional patterns, and the integration of biblical motifs. Its relation to works like the Taʾammərā Maryam and the Miracles of Demetrius highlights cross-cultural hagiographic exchange.","timeline":[{"date":"uncertain (likely medieval)","event":"Composition of the Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos in Geʿez, within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition."},{"date":"uncertain","event":"Manuscript copies produced and preserved in Ethiopian monastic libraries."},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Modern edition published as betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos, based on multiple manuscripts."}],"relations":[{"work":"Taʾammərā Maryam (Miracles of Mary)","relation":"Similar hagiographic genre and use of miracle narratives; possible liturgical parallel.","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"},{"work":"Miracles of Demetrius (Greek)","relation":"Comparable collection of martyr miracles in Eastern Christian tradition.","key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Saint Demetrius (Books 1 and 2)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii"},{"work":"De miraculis Thomae (Latin)","relation":"Another hagiographic miracle collection, illustrating cross-cultural genre.","key":"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae","label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"},{"work":"Homily on the Annunciation and Incarnation (Ethiopic)","relation":"Part of the same Ethiopic manuscript tradition; possibly same codices.","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-homily-annunciation-incarnation","label":"gap dossier: Homily on the Annunciation and the Incarnation (eight-part homily cycle read within the Miracles of Mary)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-homily-annunciation-incarnation"}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"Edition of the Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","reason":"Primary source edition of the work."},{"key":"hollis:alma990009039600203941","label":"Hollis record for a manuscript of the work","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941","reason":"One of the manuscripts used in the edition."},{"key":"hollis:alma990022329040203941","label":"Hollis record for another manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022329040203941","reason":"Additional manuscript witness."},{"key":"hollis:alma990023200930203941","label":"Hollis record for a third manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990023200930203941","reason":"Further manuscript evidence."},{"key":"hollis:alma990028715400203941","label":"Hollis record for a fourth manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028715400203941","reason":"Supports manuscript transmission."},{"key":"hollis:alma990032609390203941","label":"Hollis record for a fifth manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990032609390203941","reason":"Additional witness to the text."}],"cautions":["The date of composition is unknown; no paleographic or codicological analysis is provided in the edition.","The identity of Queen ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā is uncertain; she may be a historical or legendary figure.","The work's authorship is anonymous; no attribution is given in the manuscripts.","The edition presents only the Geʿez text without translation or critical apparatus, limiting accessibility.","The manuscript tradition is fragmentary; the number and provenance of witnesses are not fully detailed."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000562,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:24:27Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":23,"english_words":479,"source_letters":931,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a hagiographic collection recounting miracles attributed to the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos, likely composed in Geʿez within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole known edition is betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos, based on manuscripts held in multiple repositories, including those cataloged in Hollis records.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"},{"key":"hollis:alma990009039600203941","label":"Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"No explicit date or author is given in the source edition; the work's dating relies on paleographic and codicological analysis of the manuscripts, which is not detailed here.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The collection is part of the broader Ethiopic hagiographic corpus, akin to the Taʾammərā Maryam, and may have been used in liturgical readings for martyrs' feasts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not provide a critical apparatus or translation; the Geʿez text alone is presented, limiting accessibility for non-specialists.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"3 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos":{"label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"},"hollis:alma990009039600203941":{"label":"Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941"},"dossier:greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Saint Demetrius (Books 1 and 2)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii"},"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae":{"label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Text and Miracles provided after\n\nMiracle of the divine punishment (birds drinking human beings’\n\nbrains)\n፩ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡\nጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ጸሎቶሙ፡ ወበረከቶሙ፡... ወኮነ፡ በቀዳሚ፡\nመዋዕል፡ አመ፡ ተምዐ{ዓ}፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መዓተ፡ ዐቢየ፨ ወፈነወ፡ አዕዋፈ፡ ዐበይተ፡ እለ፡ ይሴፅሩ፡ ርእሰ፡ ሰብእ፡\nበአፉሆሙ፡ ወይሰትዩ፡ ናላሁ፡ ...\n\nMiracle of the jar with holy water that did not break\n፪ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ወካዕበ፡ ነሥአ፡ ውእቱ፡ ብእሴ፡ እግዚኣብሔር፡ ገብረ፡\nቅዱስ፡ ኵስኵስተ፡ ቤተ፡ መቅደስ፡ ከመ፡ ይቅዳሕ፡ ማየ፡ ጸሎት፡\n…\n\nMiracle of the healing of Queen ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā\n፫ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ወካዕበ፡ ስምዑ፡ አኃውየ፡ ዘገብሩ፡ ላቲ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ጻድቃን፡\nለእግዚእ፡ ክብራ፡ በእሲተ፡ ንጉሠ፡ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ...","english":"Miracle of the divine punishment (birds drinking human beings’ brains)\n\nOne miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos, their prayer and their blessing... And it happened in former times, when the wrath of God was kindled, great wrath. And he sent great birds which would pierce the head of a man with their beaks and drink his brain...\n\nMiracle of the jar with holy water that did not break\n\nTwo miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos... And again that man, the servant of God, took the holy vessel of the sanctuary in order to sprinkle the water of prayer...\n\nMiracle of the healing of Queen ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā\n\nThree miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos... And again, hear, my brothers, what the holy righteous ones did for ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā, the queen of Ethiopia...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage presents three distinct miracles, each introduced by a numbered heading (፩, ፪, ፫) and a brief title, following a standard hagiographic pattern.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ጰራቅሊጦስ","severity":"info","text":"Ṗarāqliṭos is a Geʿez transliteration of the Greek Παράκλητος (Paraklētos), meaning 'advocate' or 'comforter,' often referring to the Holy Spirit or, in this context, a group of martyrs.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"መዓተ ዐቢየ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'great wrath of God' (መዓተ ዐቢየ) echoes Old Testament theophanies of divine punishment, such as the plagues of Egypt (Exodus 7–12) or the sending of birds in Psalm 78:45 (LXX).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"እግዚእ ክብራ","severity":"info","text":"Queen ʾƎgziʾ Kǝbrā is a historical figure, likely a queen of Ethiopia in the medieval period, though her exact identity remains uncertain; she is venerated in Ethiopian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ኵስኵስተ ቤተ መቅደስ","severity":"info","text":"The 'holy vessel of the sanctuary' (ኵስኵስተ ቤተ መቅደስ) parallels similar miracle stories in the Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām), where holy water is used for healing or protection.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez text contains a scribal insertion {ዓ} in the word ተምዐ{ዓ}, likely a correction or gloss; the intended reading is uncertain, possibly 'was kindled' (ተምዐዓ).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'great birds' (አዕዋፈ ዐበይተ) is ambiguous; they may be literal or symbolic of divine punishment.","The phrase 'water of prayer' (ማየ ጸሎት) could refer to holy water used in liturgy or a specific ritual context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Miracle of the healing of a blind man\n፬ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለጻድቃን፡ … ወሖረ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ ዕዉረ፡ ዐይን፡ እንዘ፡\n\nይመርሕዎ፡ እምድረ፡ በለስ፤...\n\nMiracle of the holy water of Ṗarāqliṭos extinguishing fire in the\nKing’s palace at ʾAwāgar\n፭ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ስምዑ፡ ኦአኃውየ፡ ዘከመ፡ ቦአ፡ እሳተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወስተ፡ ቤተ፡ ንጉሥ፡\nዐቢይ፡ ዘምድረ፡ አ[ዋ]ገር፡…\n\nMiracle of the holy water of Ṗarāqliṭos saving from the pest\n፮ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡\nጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ወመጽአ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡ እምድረ፡ ምምሳሕ፡ እንተ፡ ይብልዋ፡ ጕንያ፡ ጐዪዮ፡ እምፍርሃተ፡ ብድብድ፡\n\nMiracle of the church bell stolen from Ṗarāqliṭos and restituted\n፯ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡\nጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ወካዕበ፡ ስምዑ፡ ኦአኃውየ፡ ዘገብረ፡ ተአምረ፡ ወመንክረ፡ ጳራቅሊጦስ፡ መንፈሰ፡ ሕይወት፡ ወረድኤቶሙ፡ ለሰማዕታት፡ ኅሩያን፡ ወቦአ፡ ፩ብእሲ፡\nበድፍረት፡ ኀበ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ወነሥኣ፡ ለዶለ፡ ኀጺን፡…","english":"Miracle of the healing of a blind man\nThe fourth miracle of the righteous ones… And a man blind of eye went, while they led him from the region of Balas…\n\nMiracle of the holy water of Ṗarāqliṭos extinguishing fire in the King’s palace at ʾAwāgar\nThe fifth miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos… Hear, O my brethren, how fire from heaven entered the great palace of the king in the region of ʾAwāgar…\n\nMiracle of the holy water of Ṗarāqliṭos saving from the pest\nThe sixth miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos… And a man came from the region of Məmsaḥ, which they call Gunya Gwayyo, from fear of the pestilence…\n\nMiracle of the church bell stolen from Ṗarāqliṭos and restituted\nThe seventh miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos… And again, hear, O my brethren, the miracle and wonder that Ṗarāqliṭos, the Spirit of Life, and the intercession of the chosen martyrs performed; and a man entered with audacity to the church and took the axe-handle…","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage contains four numbered miracles (fourth through seventh) of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos, each introduced by a numeral and the phrase ተአምሪሆሙ (taʾammərihomu, 'miracle of them').","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ጰራቅሊጦስ","severity":"info","text":"Ṗarāqliṭos is the Geʿez transliteration of Greek παράκλητος (paraklētos, 'Paraclete'), here referring to the Holy Spirit as intercessor, but also used as a toponym for a church or monastery.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The toponyms Balas, ʾAwāgar, and Məmsaḥ (Gunya Gwayyo) are likely located in the Ethiopian highlands, reflecting the local setting of these hagiographic narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The miracles of Ṗarāqliṭos circulated in Ethiopic manuscripts as part of a collection of hagiographic tales, often used for liturgical reading and popular devotion.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990009039600203941","label":"Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez text of the fourth miracle is fragmentary: the phrase እንዘ ይመርሕዎ (ʾənza yəmarḥəwo, 'while they led him') lacks a clear subject, and the conclusion of the healing is missing.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The motif of holy water extinguishing fire and saving from pestilence parallels similar miracles in the Greek Miracula of St. Demetrius and the Latin De Miraculis Thomae.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Saint Demetrius (Books 1 and 2)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii"},{"key":"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae","label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the righteous ones' (ጻድቃን, ṣādeqān) in the fourth miracle is ambiguous: it may refer to the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos or to other holy figures.","The phrase 'axe-handle' (ዶለ ኀጺን, dola ḫaṣin) in the seventh miracle is unclear: it may be a euphemism for a bell-clapper or a literal tool used in the theft."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Miracle of the healing of a blind woman\n፰ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ወሀለወት፡ አሐቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ ዕውርተ፡ ዐይን፡ እምጕንዱይ፡\nመዋዕል፡...\n\nMiracle of the holy water of Ṗarāqliṭos saving from the pest and\nmen from Mǝsʿǝmā and Hagarāy\n፱ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ስምዑ፡ ካዕበ፡ ኦአኃውየ፡ ዘከመ፡ ጐዩ፡\n፪ዕደው፡ እምፍርሃተ፡ ብድብድ፡ ዘቦአ፡ ውስተ፡ ሀገሮሙ፡\nወመጽኡ፡ ኀበ፡ መቃብሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጳራቅሊጦስ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ፩እምድረ፡ ምስዕማ፡ ወ፩እምድረ፡ ሀገራይ፡…\n\nPraise for the church and the martyrs of\nṖarāqliṭos, and list of the provinces from where the faithful come to\nṖarāqliṭos\n፲፩ተአምሪሆሙ፡\nለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ...ስምዑኬ፡ ኦአኃውየ፡ ከመ፡\nናብጽሕ፡ ለክሙ፡ በዐቅሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘይገብሩ፡ በታሕተ፡ ሰማይ፡…","english":"Miracle of the healing of a blind woman\n\nThe eighth miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos… And there was a certain woman, blind of eye, from Gunduy of the regions…\n\nMiracle of the holy water of Ṗarāqliṭos saving from the pest and men from Mǝsʿǝmā and Hagarāy\n\nThe ninth miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos… Hear again, O my brethren, how two enemies fled from the fear of the pest that entered into their city, and they came to the tomb of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos the saints, one from the region of Mǝsʿǝmā and one from the region of Hagarāy…\n\nPraise for the church and the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos, and list of the provinces from where the faithful come to Ṗarāqliṭos\n\nThe eleventh miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos… Hear, O my brethren, how we shall narrate to you in brief all that they do under heaven…","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage presents three distinct units: the eighth miracle (healing of a blind woman), the ninth miracle (holy water saving from pest), and the eleventh miracle (praise and list of provinces). The tenth miracle is absent, suggesting a lacuna or misnumbering.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጕንዱይ","severity":"info","text":"The toponym Gunduy (ጕንዱይ) is unattested in standard gazetteers; it may be a variant of Gunda Gunde or a local place in the Ethiopian highlands.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ምስዕማ","severity":"info","text":"Mǝsʿǝmā (ምስዕማ) is likely a toponym; the form suggests a Semitic root related to 'hearing' or a place name, but it remains unidentified.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሀገራይ","severity":"info","text":"Hagarāy (ሀገራይ) may derive from Arabic 'hajar' (stone) or refer to a region; it is possibly a variant of Hagar or a local Ethiopian district.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The pest (ብድብድ) likely refers to an epidemic, possibly plague or locusts, common in medieval Ethiopian hagiography as a divine trial.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of provinces in the eleventh miracle reflects the cultic geography of Ṗarāqliṭos, indicating pilgrimage routes and the spread of devotion across Ethiopian regions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The tenth miracle is missing between the ninth and eleventh; it may be lost or the numbering is inconsistent.","The toponyms Gunduy, Mǝsʿǝmā, and Hagarāy are not securely identified; they may be local or corrupted forms."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Extensive praise for the church ( ),\ndescription of the angels surrounding Ṗarāqliṭos etc. ፲፪ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡ ... ስምዑኬ፡ ኦአኃውየ፡ ከመ፡ እንግርክሙ፡ ዘየዐቢ፡ ወዘይኄይስ፡ እምዝ፡\nሰማዕክሙ ቀዳሚ፡...","english":"The twelfth miracle of the martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos... Hearken, O my brethren, that I may relate to you what is great and what is more wondrous than that which you have heard before.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"፲፪ተአምሪሆሙ፡ ለሰማዕታተ፡ ጰራቅሊጦስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez numeral ፲፪ (12) introduces the twelfth miracle, continuing the numbered sequence of miracles in the work.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ጰራቅሊጦስ","severity":"info","text":"Ṗarāqliṭos is a Geʿez transliteration of the Greek παράκλητος (paraklētos), meaning 'advocate' or 'comforter,' here designating a church or sanctuary dedicated to the Holy Spirit or a related martyr group.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ስምዑኬ፡ ኦአኃውየ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening address 'Hearken, O my brethren' is a standard hortatory formula in Ethiopic homilies and miracle collections, signaling oral performance.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'what is great and what is more wondrous' employs a rhetorical superlative common in hagiographic prologues to elevate the ensuing miracle above prior ones.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Extensive praise for the church ( )","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez text begins with a lacuna indicated by parentheses; the English draft omits this praise, which likely contained a doxology or invocation. The passage is thus incomplete.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos","label":"betmas: Miracles of the Martyrs of Ṗarāqliṭos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT5878MiraclesParaqlitos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text has a lacuna before the numeral, marked by parentheses in the source edition; the English draft omits this section entirely, leaving the opening praise unspecified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}