{"slug":"LIT4711Mastabqwe","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","title":"Supplications","author":"Anonymous","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:53:10Z","cost_usd":0.014602},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","work_id":"LIT4711Mastabqwe","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"},"stats":{"passages":24,"english_words":5874,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":141,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":46,"work_notes":4,"external_links":0,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT4711Mastabqwe","abstract":"The Supplications (Mastabqwe) is an anonymous Geʿez liturgical prayer preserved in the Ethiopic betmas manuscript tradition. Likely used in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, it functions as a general preparatory prayer before liturgical actions. The text includes responsive cues (Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe.) and petitions for intercession, with parallels to Coptic Horologion night prayers. Its date is uncertain, probably medieval (13th–15th centuries), but it may incorporate earlier material. The edition lacks critical apparatus, limiting assessment of textual fluidity.","historical_context":"The Supplications (Mastabqwe) belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition, which developed in the Aksumite and medieval periods. The text is preserved in the betmas manuscript tradition, a collection of Geʿez liturgical prayers often transmitted orally before codification. No firm date can be assigned; it likely originates from the medieval period (13th–15th centuries), though it may incorporate earlier material. The prayer's structure—with responsive cues and petitions for intercession—parallels Coptic and Syriac liturgical forms, reflecting the shared heritage of Oriental Orthodox liturgies. The anonymous authorship is typical of such prayers, which were often composed and adapted within monastic communities. The text's use as a general preparatory prayer before any liturgical action suggests a monastic context, possibly for nocturns or vigils. The edition does not provide variant readings, so regional or chronological variations remain unknown.","significance":"The Supplications exemplifies the fluid, anonymous nature of Ethiopic liturgical prayers and their connections to broader Oriental Orthodox traditions. Its parallels with the Coptic Horologion highlight the shared liturgical heritage of the Täwaḥədo and Coptic churches. The text also illustrates the use of responsive cues and intercessory petitions in medieval Ethiopian worship.","timeline":[{"date":"4th–6th c.","event":"Christianization of Aksum; development of Geʿez liturgy"},{"date":"13th–15th c.","event":"Probable period of composition for the Supplications"},{"date":"15th–16th c.","event":"Codification of betmas manuscripts"},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Modern edition of the Supplications published"}],"relations":[{"work":"Coptic Horologion","relation":"parallel structure and petitions","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9–13)","relation":"direct citation as liturgical cue","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ethiopic betmas tradition","relation":"manuscript context","key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"},{"work":"Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo liturgy","relation":"liturgical tradition","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["Date is uncertain; likely medieval (13th–15th c.) but may incorporate earlier material.","Anonymous authorship; no attribution possible.","Edition lacks critical apparatus; textual fluidity and regional variations cannot be assessed.","Abbreviations Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. are not fully explained; their exact referent is uncertain."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000391,"generated":"2026-11-15T01:21:57Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT4711Mastabqwe","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":24,"translated":24,"commentary_passages":24,"commentary_units":141,"english_words":5874,"source_letters":14547,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a liturgical supplication, likely used in the context of the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. Its title 'Mastabqwe' suggests a prayer of intercession or petition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is preserved in the betmas manuscript tradition, which collects Geʿez liturgical prayers. Its anonymous authorship is typical of many such prayers, which were transmitted orally before codification.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"No firm date can be assigned to this supplication. It likely originates from the medieval period (13th–15th centuries) but may incorporate earlier material. Attribution to a specific author is absent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings from other manuscripts. The user cannot assess textual fluidity or regional variations in the prayer's wording.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 24 narrative."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","text":"1 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: Luke 1:28."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":24},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe":{"label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"},"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe":{"label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"The following division into textparts and text are taken from\n178-183\nand 189-192 .\n\nመስተብቍዓን፡ ዘይበቍዑ፡ ለጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ ኵሉ፡ ግብር፡\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ናስተበቍዕ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ለእግዚእ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ እንዘ፡ ነአኵቶ፡ በኵሉ፡ ወበውስተ፡ ኵሉ፡ እስመ፡ ከደነነ፡ ወረድአነ፡ ሦቀነ፡\nወአብጽሐነ፡ እስከ፡ ዛቲ፡ ሰዓት፡ ንስእል፡ ወናስተበቍዕ፡ ከመ፡ ተረፈ፡ ሌሊትነ፡ በኵሉ፡ ሰላም፡ ወጥዒና፡ ይረስየነ፡ ዘለምሕረት፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላከነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእል፡ ወናስተበቍዕ፡ ቅዱሰ፡ ስመከ፡ ነጽር፡ ላዕሌነ፡ ወውስተ፡ ስእለትነ፡ ሕፅር፡ ሕዝበከ፡ በኃይለ፡ መላእክቲከ፡ ኵሎ፡ ሕመሜ፡ ወኵሎ፡ መንሱተ፡\nደምስስ፡ እምላዕሌየ፡ ወእምላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሕዝብከ፡ ወተረፈ፡ ሌሊትኒ፡ በኵሉ፡ ሰላም፡ ወዳኅና፡ ጸግወነ፡ ነሀሉ፡ በክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ወምስለ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መንፈስ፡ ስብሐት፡\nወእኂዝ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አሜን።","english":"Supplications which are recited for prayer on account of every action.\n\nY. Ka. We supplicate, who takes everything, Lord God the Father, for our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, while we praise Him in everything and in everything, because He covered us and helped us, protected us, and brought us until this hour. We ask and supplicate that the remainder of our night be in complete peace, and that He grant us the authority of mercy, for He is our Lord God. Y. Di. Pray. Y. Ḥe. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. Ka. O Lord, who takes everything, we ask and supplicate: Holy is Your name; look upon us and within our prayer; protect Your people by the power of Your angels; destroy all sickness and all infirmity from upon me and from upon all Your people; and may the remainder of our night be in complete peace and health; grant us to be in Christ, for to You with Him and with the Holy Spirit is praise; and take now and forever and for eternity. Y. Ḥe. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ / ይ፡ ዲ፡ / ይ፡ ሕ፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated abbreviations Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. mark liturgical cues for the congregation or a second voice, dividing the prayer into responsive sections.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"መስተብቍዓን (mastabqweʿān)","severity":"info","text":"The title መስተብቍዓን (mastabqweʿān) is a Geʿez verbal noun meaning 'supplications' or 'intercessions', derived from the root በቍዐ (baqʿa) 'to supplicate'. It designates a liturgical genre of petitionary prayers.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት (Our Father who art in heaven)","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' is a direct citation of the opening of the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:9–13), inserted as a liturgical cue.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Supplications which are recited for prayer on account of every action' indicates this text was used as a general preparatory prayer before any liturgical action, common in Ethiopic and Coptic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ናስተበቍዕ (we supplicate)","severity":"info","text":"The repeated petition 'we supplicate' and the request for 'the remainder of our night' parallel the structure of the Coptic Horologion (Book of Hours) night prayers, suggesting a monastic nocturn context.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ / ይ፡ ዲ፡ / ይ፡ ሕ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The abbreviations Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. are not fully explained in the source edition; they may stand for names of liturgical figures (e.g., deacon, priest) or for Coptic/Geez words, but their exact referent is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviations Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. are not resolved; they may indicate speakers or liturgical actions.","The phrase 'who takes everything' (ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡) is ambiguous: it could mean 'who holds everything' or 'who receives everything'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"በእንተ፡ ዱያን።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ ለዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ለእግዚእ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ በእንተ፡ ዱያን፡ አኀዊነ፡ ከመ፡ ኵሎ፡ ደዌ፡ ወኵሎ፡ ሕማመ፡ ያሰስል፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ መንፈሰ፡ ደዌ፡ ሥዒሮ፡ ሕይወተ፡ የሀቦሙ፡ ዘለኵሉ፡ ፈውስ፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ዱያን። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሳማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ለዱያን፡ አኀው፡ ሕይወተ፡ ሎሙ፡ ጸጉ፡ መንፈሰ፡ ደዌ፡ ሠሀር፡ ኵሎ፡ ደዌ፡ ወኵሎ፡ ሕማመ፡ እምላዕሌሆሙ፡ አኅልፍ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ መፈውሰ፡ ነፍስ፡ ወመፈውሰ፡ ሥጋ፡ ሐዋፂሃ፡ አንተ፡ ለኵላ፡ ዘሥጋ፡ ወለእለ፡ እምኀበ፡ መናፍስት፡ ርኩሳን፡ ይፄዐሩ፡ አግዕዝ፡ ለኵላ፡ ነፍስ፡ ምንድብት፡ ወጥውቀት፡ ሀብ፡ ሣኅተ፡ ወሀብ፡ ዕረፍተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ደዌ፡ ስድድ፡ እምዝንቱ፡ ቤት፡ ወእምእለ፡ ይጼውዑ፡ ቅዱሰ፡ ወቡሩክ፡ ስመከ፡ ወለለኍልቈ፡ ነፍሳቲነ፡ እንከ፡ ደዌ፡ ፈዊሰከ፡ ፍጹመ፡ መድኃኒተ፡ ጸጉ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ወምስለ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መንፈስ፡ ስብሐት፡ ወእኂዝ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አሜን።","english":"Supplications for Duyān.\n\nY. Ka. And we supplicate, who takes everything, Lord God the Father, for our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, for Duyān, our brothers, that He may remove from them every disease and every pain, the disease of the spirit, and grant them life, the healing of everything, power, He Himself, Lord God our God. Y. Di. Pray for Duyān. Y. Ḥe. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. Ka. Lord who takes everything, we ask Thee and we supplicate Thee for Duyān, the brothers; grant them life, remove the disease of the spirit, remove every disease and every pain from upon them; may Thy mercy quickly find us, O Lord. Y. Di. Let us all say. Y. Ḥe. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. Ka. Healer of soul and healer of body, Thou art for all that is of the body, and for those who are troubled by unclean spirits, subdue for every soul madness and folly; grant peace and grant rest; drive away every disease from this house and from those who invoke Thy holy and blessed name; and for the salvation of our souls, indeed, Thy perfect healing remedy, grant through the One Son, who is with Thee, and with the Holy Spirit, praise and power now and forever and unto eternity. Y. Ḥe. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ዱያን","severity":"info","text":"The term Duyān (ዱያን) is a proper name or title, possibly a person or group for whom the supplication is offered. Its exact referent is unclear from the text alone.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ... ይ፡ ሕ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a series of liturgical responses marked by abbreviations: Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. These likely indicate alternating prayers or versicles and responses, typical of Geʿez liturgical formularies.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሳማያት","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' (አቡነ ዘበሳማያት) is a direct citation of the opening of the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9–13), a standard element in Geʿez liturgical prayers.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"መንፈሰ፡ ደዌ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'disease of the spirit' (መንፈሰ ደዌ) reflects a Geʿez concept of spiritual affliction, possibly demonic possession or mental illness, often addressed in exorcistic or healing liturgies.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"መፈውሰ፡ ነፍስ፡ ወመፈውሰ፡ ሥጋ","severity":"info","text":"The pairing 'healer of soul and healer of body' (መፈውሰ ነፍስ ወመፈውሰ ሥጋ) parallels common dualistic healing formulas in Geʿez prayers, emphasizing holistic restoration.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ዱያን","severity":"info","text":"The repeated invocation for Duyān suggests this prayer was used in a communal setting for specific individuals or a group, possibly the sick or afflicted, within the Ethiopic liturgical tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of Duyān (ዱያን) is ambiguous; it may be a personal name, a title, or a place. The reading taken is that it refers to a group of brothers or supplicants.","The abbreviation marks (Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe.) are not fully explained; they likely denote liturgical roles or response cues, but their exact referents are uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕባ፡ ናስተበቍዕ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ለእግዚእ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ወበእንተሂ፡ እለ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ይንግዱ፡ እመሂ፡ በባሕር፡ ወእመሂ፡ በአፍላግ፡ ወእመሂ፡ በቀላያት፡ ወእመሂ፡ በፍኖት፡ በዘኮነ፡ መንግደ፡ ይገብሩ፡ ከመ፡ ኵሎ፡ ያብጽሕ፡ ውስተ፡ መርሶ\nመድኅን፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ለእለ፡ ነገዱ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ወበእንተሂ፡ እለ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ይንግዱ፡ ለነጊድ፡ አርትዕ፡ ኅቡረ፡ ምስሌሆሙ፡ ከዊነ፡ ፍቅድ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ አብጽሖሙ፡ ውስተ፡ ዘመድኅን፡ መርሶ፡ አውፊ፡ ለሰብኦሙ፡ በፍሥሐ፡ ወበኀሤት፡ እንዘ፡ ይትፌሥሑ፡ ወያስተፌሥሑ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ በል።","english":"For those who travel, Y. Ka. And we supplicate, who takes everything, Lord God the Father, for our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, for those who travel, our brothers, and also for those who are travelling, whether on the sea or on rivers or on lakes or on the road, in whatever journey they make, that He may bring all to the harbour of salvation. Who takes everything, Lord God our God. Y. Di. Pray for those who travel. Y. Ḥe. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. Ka. Lord God, who takes everything, we ask you and we supplicate you for those who have travelled, our brothers, and also for those who are travelling. For the journey, prepare a good companionship with them. A swift and speedy mercy shall find us, O Lord. Y. Di. Let us all say. Y. Ḥe. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. Ka. Bring them to the harbour of salvation. Grant their desire with joy and gladness, while they rejoice and cause rejoicing in the one, your Son, say.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይነግዱ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez verb ይነግዱ (yənäggədu, 'they travel') is repeated throughout, marking the passage as a prayer for travellers. The Coptic cue classifies this passage as narrative, but the Geʿez text is litanically structured with repeated invocations.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"መርሶ መድኅን","severity":"info","text":"The phrase መርሶ መድኅን (märso mädḫən, 'harbour of salvation') is a fixed liturgical image for safe arrival, echoing nautical metaphors common in Ethiopic prayers for travellers.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ ዘበሰማያት","severity":"info","text":"The phrase አቡነ ዘበሰማያት ('Our Father who art in heaven') is a direct citation of the opening of the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9b), embedded as a liturgical response.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ይ ካ / ይ ዲ / ይ ሕ","severity":"info","text":"The abbreviations Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. are rubric cues for liturgical leaders or choir responses, typical in Ethiopic prayer manuscripts to indicate alternation between deacon (ዲ), priest (ካ), and congregation (ሕ).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"በባሕር ወ...በአፍላግ ወ...በቀላያት ወ...በፍኖት","severity":"info","text":"The list of travel contexts (sea, rivers, lakes, road) parallels similar enumerations in other Ethiopic travel prayers, such as the 'Prayer for Travellers' in the Maṣḥafa Saʿātāt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"በ፩ዱ ወልድከ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase በ፩ዱ ወልድከ ('in the one, your Son') is textually ambiguous: it may be a corruption or abbreviation of a Trinitarian formula. The numeral ፩ (1) could stand for 'one' or be a scribal error for a name.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase በ፩ዱ ወልድከ is unclear: ፩ may be a numeral 'one' or a scribal error; the intended referent (Christ or a specific title) is uncertain.","The rubric cues Y. Ka., Y. Di., Y. Ḥe. are standard but their exact assignment to specific speakers (priest, deacon, congregation) is not explicit in this passage."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"በእንተ፡ ዝናማት። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል፡ በእንተ፡ ዝናማት፡ ከመ፡ ዝናሞ፡ ይፈኑ፡ ውስተ፡ ኀበ፡ ይትፈቀድ፡ መካን፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ዝናማት። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡\nይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ዝናማቲከ፡ ፈኑ፡ ውስተ፡ ኀበ፡ ይትፈቀድ፡ መካን፡ አስተፍሥሕ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወአርዊ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ አብጽሕ፡ ለዘርእ፡ ወለማእረር፡ ዘእምኀበ፡ ኂሩትከ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ በእንተ፡ ነዳያን፡ ሕዝብከ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ይሴፈዉከ፡ ግበር፡ ምስሌነ፡ በከመ፡ ምሕረትከ፡ ወሴሲ፡ ልበነ፡ በመለኮተ፡ ትምህርት፡ ወበለብዎ፡ ዘእምኀቤከ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ በል።\n\nበእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕባ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር፡ ከመ፡ ፍሬሃ፡ ለምድር፡ ያልኅቅ፡ ወያሥምር፡ ያብጽሕ፡ ለዘርእ፡ ወለማእረር፡ ዘብዑለ፡ ጸጋ፡ ይጼጉ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ፍሬሃ፡ ለምድር፡ አልኅቅ፡ ወአሥምር፡ አብጽሕ፡ ለዘርእ፡ ወለማእረር፡ ዘእምኀበ፡ ኂሩትከ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ በእንተ፡ ነዳያን፡ ሕዝብከ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ይጼውዑ፡ ቅዱሰ፡ ወቡሩከ፡ ስመከ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ በል።","english":"For the rains. Y. Ka. And again, say: For the rains, that the rain may send into where it is desired, the place that takes everything, Lord God of ours. Y. Di. Pray for the rains. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven.\n\nY. Ka. Lord who takes everything, we ask you and we beseech you, send your rains into where it is desired, the place. Make glad the face of the earth, and give drink to its thirst. Bring to maturity the seed and the harvest. From your goodness, may your mercy quickly reach us, O Lord. Y. Di. Let us all say. Y. Ḥ. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. Ka. For the poor of your people, and for all those who seek you, act with us according to your mercy, and incline our heart to the kingdom of teaching, and clothe us from you with the one and only your Son. Say.\n\nFor the fruit of the earth. Y. Ka. And again, say: For the fruit of the earth, that the fruit of the earth may increase and multiply, bring to maturity the seed and the harvest, that they may be abundant with grace. Lord God of ours. Y. Di. Pray for the fruit of the earth. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. Ka. Lord who takes everything, we ask you and we beseech you, increase and multiply the fruit of the earth, bring to maturity the seed and the harvest. From your goodness, may your mercy quickly reach us, O Lord. Y. Di. Let us all say. Y. Ḥ. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. Ka. For the poor of your people, and for all those who call upon your holy and blessed name, with the one and only your Son. Say.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ / ይ፡ ዲ፡ / ይ፡ ሕ፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubrics Y. Ka., Y. Di., and Y. Ḥ. mark alternating speakers or sections, likely a deacon (Di.), a priest (Ka.), and a congregational response (Ḥ.).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'who takes everything' (zäkʷəlo yəʾḫəz) is a divine epithet, possibly derived from the Coptic 'pantokrator' tradition, emphasizing God's all-encompassing power.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዝናማት","severity":"info","text":"The petition for rains (zänamat) reflects the agricultural context of the Ethiopian highlands, where rainfall is critical for the success of seed and harvest.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' echoes the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9), a standard liturgical insertion in Geʿez prayers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"በእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር።","severity":"info","text":"The second section 'For the fruit of the earth' mirrors the structure of the first, with identical rubrics and phrasing, suggesting a fixed liturgical template for different intercessions.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'with the one and only your Son' is ambiguous: it may mean 'through your only Son' as an intercessor, or 'together with your only Son' as a co-agent. The translation opts for the former.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speakers Y. Ka., Y. Di., and Y. Ḥ. is not fully certain; Ka. may be a priest (qasis) and Di. a deacon, but Ḥ. could be a congregation or a specific liturgical role.","The phrase 'the place that takes everything' (zäkʷəlo yəʾḫəz mäkān) is obscure; it may refer to a specific location (e.g., a church) or be a metaphorical expression for God's domain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ፡ ከመ፡ ያዕርግ፡ እስከ፡ መስፈርቶሙ፡ ያስተፍሥሕ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወያርዊ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ ያብጽሕ፡ ለዘርእ፡ ወለማእረር፡ ዘብዑለ፡ ጸጋ፡ ይጼጉ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ዘአፍላግ፡ ማያተ፡ አዕርግ፡ እስከ፡ መስፈርቶሙ፡ አስተፍሥሕ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወአርዊ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ አብዝኅ፡ እክለ፡ ወባርክ፡ ዐውደ፡ ዓመት፡ በዘዚአከ፡ ኂሩት፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ በእንተ፡ ነዳያን፡ ሕዝብከ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ይጼውዑ፡ ቅዱሰ፡ ወቡሩከ፡ ስመከ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ በል።\n\nበእንተ፡ ንጉሥ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ከመ፡ መንግሥቶ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ሕማም፡ በሰላም፡ ወበጽድቅ፡ ይዕቀቡ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ንጉሥ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ለንጉሠ፡ ዛቲ፡ ምድር፡ መፍቀሬ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ወባቍዐ፡ ሎቱ፡ ጸግዎ፡ አግርር፡ ፀሮ፡ አሕዛብ፡ ዘመንገለ፡ ዐረፍቱ፡ ወተናገር፡ ጽድቀ፡ ውስተ፡ ልቡ፡ በእንተ፡ ቅድስት፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያንከ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከቦ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ።","english":"For the waters of the rivers. Y. Ka. And again, say: For the waters of the rivers, that they may rise up to their measure, make glad the face of the earth, and cause the shoots to grow, bring to fruition the seed and the harvest, abundant in grace, may they increase, Lord God of ours. Y. Di. Pray for the waters of the rivers. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. Ka. Lord God of all, who takes everything, we beseech you and we entreat you: raise up the waters of the rivers to their measure, make glad the face of the earth, and cause the shoots to grow, multiply the grain and bless the cycle of the year with your freedom; may your mercy quickly reach us, O Lord. Y. Di. Let us all say. Y. Ḥ. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. Ka. For the needy, your people, and for all those who invoke your holy and blessed name, with your only Son, say.\n\nFor the king. Y. Ka. And again, say: For the beloved of God, our king, the power of the Trinity, that his kingdom, without suffering, in peace and in righteousness, may be preserved, who takes everything, Lord God of ours. Y. Di. Pray for the king. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. Ka. Lord God of all, who takes everything, we beseech you and we entreat you for the king of this earth, the beloved of God, our king, the power of the Trinity, and entreat for him: grant him to subdue the enemy of the nations from the direction of his borders, and to sow righteousness in his heart; for the sake of your holy Church, may your mercy quickly reach him, O Lord. Y. Di. Let us all say.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ / ይ፡ ዲ፡ / ይ፡ ሕ፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubrics Y. Ka., Y. Di., and Y. Ḥ. mark alternating roles for the celebrant (Ka.), deacon (Di.), and congregation (Ḥ.) in a responsorial litany.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ካዕበ፡ በል።","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ካዕበ፡ በል። (kāʿbe bəlā) is a rubric meaning 'and again, say', indicating a repeated or additional petition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ፡","severity":"info","text":"The petition for 'our king, the power of the Trinity' reflects the Solomonic Ethiopian monarchy, where the king was seen as a defender of the faith and the realm.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት።","severity":"info","text":"The invocation 'Our Father who art in heaven' echoes the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9), used here as a congregational response within the litany.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"በዘዚአከ፡ ኂሩት፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'with your freedom' (በዘዚአከ፡ ኂሩት፡) is ambiguous; it may refer to divine grace or a specific theological concept of liberation, but the exact sense is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"በእንተ፡ ነዳያን፡ ሕዝብከ፡","severity":"info","text":"The intercession 'for the needy, your people' shows the liturgical concern for the poor, a common theme in Ethiopian Orthodox prayers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'with your freedom' (በዘዚአከ፡ ኂሩት፡) is ambiguous; it may refer to divine grace or a specific theological concept of liberation, but the exact sense is unclear.","The identity of the king 'the power of the Trinity' is not specified; it may refer to a contemporary ruler or a generic title."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃሎ፡ ለንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ሀቦ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ስሕተት፡ ይዕቀብ፡ ልቡና፡ ዘሃይማኖት፡ ውስተ፡ ስነ፡ አምልኮትከ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ በል።\n\nበእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ፡\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዐከ፡ ለዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ለእግዚእ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ አምላክ፡ ዘመናፍስት፡ ወለኵሉ፡ ዘሥጋ፡ እግዚአ፡ አጋእዝት፡ ወአምላከ፡ በቍዔት፡ ዘሞተ፡ አፅራዕከ፡ ወሥልጣኖ፡ ሄድከ፡ ሕይወተ፡ ለትዝምደ፡ ሰብእ፡ ጸጎከ፡ ዘለዕረፍት፡ ሥልጣን፡ ብከ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ አምላከ፡ አበዊነ፡ ወአምላከ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ ዕረፍት፡ ለፅዑራን፡ አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ ጳጳሳቲነ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸውዕ፡ አስማተ፡ እለ፡ አዕረፉ፡ ጳጳሳት)፡ ወኵሎሙ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ እለ፡ አዕረፉ፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት። አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ ነገሥታቲነ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸ.፡ አስ፡ እ፡ አዕ፡ ነገሥት)፡ ወኵሎሙ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ እለ፡ አዕረፉ፡ በርት፡ ዕት፡ ሃይማኖት። አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ መምህራኒነ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸውዕ፡ አስማቲሆሙ)፡ ወኵሎሙ፡ መምህራን፡ እለ፡ አዕ.፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት። አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ ካህናቲነ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸውዕ፡ አስማቲሆሙ)፡ ወኵሎሙ፡ ካህናት፡ እለ፡ አዕ.፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት። አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ ዲያቆናቲነ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸውዕ፡ አስማቲሆሙ)፡ ወኵሎሙ፡ ዲያቆናት፡ እለ፡ አዕ.፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት።","english":"Y. Ḥ. O Lord, be merciful to our king, the power of the Trinity. Y. K. Grant him that without error he may keep the understanding of faith in the art of your worship, through your only Son, say.\n\nFor those who have died.\nY. K. And again we beseech you, who hold everything, Lord God the Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, God of spirits and of all flesh, Lord of lords and God of supplication, who died, you have made your bones and your authority go, life for the nature of man, your gift of rest, authority in you, Lord God our God. Y. D. Pray for those who have died. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. K. Lord God who hold everything, we ask you and we beseech you, God of our fathers and God of the saints, rest for the righteous. Give rest, O Lord, to the souls of our bishops (here call the names of the bishops who have died), and all the bishops who have died in the true faith. Give rest, O Lord, to the souls of our kings (here call the names of the kings who have died), and all the kings who have died in the true faith. Give rest, O Lord, to the souls of our teachers (here call their names), and all the teachers who have died in the true faith. Give rest, O Lord, to the souls of our priests (here call their names), and all the priests who have died in the true faith. Give rest, O Lord, to the souls of our deacons (here call their names), and all the deacons who have died in the true faith.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a litany for the dead, with a fixed pattern: a rubric (Y. K. etc.), a petition, and a call to prayer. The second half repeats the formula 'Give rest, O Lord, to the souls of...' for bishops, kings, teachers, priests, and deacons.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ናስተበቍዐከ","severity":"info","text":"The verb 'nasatabaqqaʿaka' (ናስተበቍዐከ) means 'we beseech you' and is a key liturgical term in Geʿez for supplication, appearing in the title of the work (Mastabqwe).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Y. Ḥ.' and 'Y. K.' likely indicate the celebrant (priest) and congregation or deacon, respectively, in the Ethiopian liturgical tradition. 'Y. D.' may be a deacon's part.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The repeated instruction 'here call the names' shows this text was used flexibly in communal prayer for the dead, allowing the inclusion of specific deceased persons by name during the liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft translates 'አፅራዕከ' as 'you have made your bones' which is obscure; the Geʿez likely means 'you have made your bones (i.e., relics) and your authority go' but the sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'አፅራዕከ ወሥልጣኖ ሄድከ' is ambiguous: it may refer to the relics and authority of Christ or of a saint, but the English draft interprets it as addressing God directly.","The rubric 'Y. Ḥ.' and 'Y. K.' are not fully explained in the source; they may stand for specific liturgical roles or responses."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ አግብርቲከ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸውዖሙ)፡ ወኵሎሙ፡ አግብርት፡ እለ፡ አዕ.፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት። አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ አእማቲከ፡ (በዝየ፡ ጸውዕ፡ አስማቲሆን)፡ ወኵሎን፡ አእማት፡ እለ፡ አዕረፉ፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት። አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ አግብርቲከ፡ ወአእማቲከ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ክርስቶሳውያን፡ እለ፡ አዕረፉ፡ በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ውስተ፡ ብሔር፡ ሥዑር፡ ወውስተ፡ መካን፡ ሐዋዝ፡ ኀበ፡ ተኀጥአ፡ ኀዘን፡ ወናዕክ፡ ወሀብ፡ ውስተ፡ ሕፅነ፡ አብርሃም፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ወያዕቆብ፡ ወለእለሂ፡ ይላህዉ፡ ናኅየ፡ ወዕረፍተ፡ ጸጉ፡ ለፅዑራን፡ መድኅን፡ ወለነኒ፡ አድኅነነ፡ በዝ፡ ዓለም፡ ወበዘይመጽእ፡ በ፩ዱ፡ ወልድከ፡ በል።\n\nበእንተ፡ ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን። ፡\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕባ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ አግብርቲሁ፡ ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ከመ፡ ይክፍሎሙ፡ በጊዜ፡ ርትዕ፡ ሕፅበተ፡ ዳግም፡ ልደት፡ ኃጢአት፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ፡\nይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ አግብርቲከ፡ ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ተሣሃል፡ ኵሎ፡ ተረፈ፡ ጣዖት፡ አርኅቅ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ሕገከ፡ ወሥርዓተከ፡ ወጽድቀከ፡ ወስምዐከ፡ ሢም፡ ውስተ፡ ሕሊናሆሙ፡ ፍጡነ፡ ይርከበነ፡ ሣህልከ፡ እግዚኦ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ንበል፡ ኵልነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ በጊዜ፡ መፍትው፡ ሕፅበተ፡ ዳግም፡ ልደት፡ ለሥርየተ፡ ኃጢአት፡ ማኅፈደ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ረስዮሙ፡ በክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።","english":"Rest the souls of your servants (here call them by name) and all the servants who have reposed in the true faith. Rest, O Lord, the souls of your handmaidens (here call their names) and all the handmaidens who have reposed in the true faith. Rest, O Lord, the souls of your servants and handmaidens, all Christians who have reposed in the true faith in a land of exile and in a place of distress, where sorrow and lamentation have been hidden, and grant them in the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. And for those who await the day of resurrection and the repose of grace for the exiles, save us also in this world and in the one to come, through your only Son, say.\n\nConcerning the young Christians.  \nY. K. And say, “Cover,” concerning his servants, the young Christians, that he may grant them at the time of the true baptism of regeneration the forgiveness of all sin. May the Lord our God take it away.  \nY. D. Pray concerning the young Christians. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. K. O Lord who takes away all, we ask you and beseech you: your servants, the young Christians, forgive all the remnant of idolatry; remove it from them; your law and your ordinance and your righteousness and your hearing implant in their minds; may your mercy quickly find us, O Lord. Y. D. Let us all say. Y. Ḥ. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. K. At the time of the giving of the baptism of regeneration for the remission of sin, the seal of the Holy Spirit, accept them in Christ, who is yours, say.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"አዕርፍ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated imperative አዕርፍ (rest) marks a litany for the dead, followed by a distinct section for young Christians introduced by በእንተ፡ ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን (concerning the young Christians).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሕፅበተ፡ ዳግም፡ ልደት","severity":"info","text":"ሕፅበተ፡ ዳግም፡ ልደት (baptism of regeneration) is a technical term for baptism as spiritual rebirth, paralleling early Christian usage (cf. Titus 3:5).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በዝየ፡ ጸውዖሙ","severity":"info","text":"The rubric በዝየ፡ ጸውዖሙ (here call them by name) indicates a liturgical pause for naming the deceased, a common practice in Ethiopian requiem prayers.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት","severity":"info","text":"The phrase በርትዕት፡ ሃይማኖት (in the true faith) echoes the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed's emphasis on orthodoxy, linking the prayer to conciliar definitions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን","severity":"info","text":"The petition for ንኡሰ፡ ክርስቲያን (young Christians) reflects a distinct catechumenate or neophyte class, showing liturgical concern for post-baptismal instruction.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወካዕባ፡ በል።","severity":"caution","text":"The rubric ወካዕባ፡ በል። (and say, 'Cover') is ambiguous: it may be a corrupt rubric or a misreading of a Coptic cue; the English draft interprets it as 'Cover' but the Geʿez verb is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The rubric ወካዕባ፡ (and say, 'Cover') is unclear; it may be a corruption of a Coptic liturgical direction or a miswritten Geʿez verb.","The phrase አዕርፍ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ነፍሳተ፡ (Rest, O Lord, the souls) could be read as a single petition or as a series of separate invocations; the structure is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"በእንተ፡ ሰላም። ፡\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ ሰላም፡ ለቅድስት፡ አሐቲ፡ እንተ፡ ላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ከመ፡ ብዙኀ፡ ሰላመ፡ ይጸጉ፡ ላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ወዲበ፡ ኵሉ፡ መርዔት፡ ዘለኵሉ፡ ሰላም፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ሰላም። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ ሰላም፡ ንጉሠ፡ ሰላም፡ ሰላመ፡ ሀበነ፡ እስመ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወሀብከነ፡ አጥርየነ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወዕሥየነ፡ እስመ፡ ዘእንበሌከ፡ ባዕድ፡ አልቦ፡ ዘነአምር፡ ስመከ፡ ቅዱሰ፡ ንሰሚ፡ ወንጼውዕ፡ አንተ፡ ዘእምሰማያት፡ ሰላመከ፡ ከልል፡ ላዕለ፡ ዘኵልነ፡ ነፍስ፡ ወንብረተነኒ፡ በዝ፡ ዓለም፡ በሰላም፡ ጸጉ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ ሰላመ፡ ሀበነ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ ሰላመ፡ ሀበነ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ንጉስነ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ለንጉሠ፡ ዛቲ፡ ምድር፡ ሰላመ፡ ሀቦ፡ በቅዱስ፡ ስምከ፡ ሀብ፡ ምክረ፡ ለመኳንንተ፡ አሕዛብ፡ አግዋረነ፡ በአተነ፡ ወፀአተነ፡ በሰላም፡ ዕቀብ፡ ከመ፡ በኅዱዕ፡ ወበፅምው፡ ሕይወተ፡ እንዘ፡ ነሐዩ፡ በኵሉ፡ አምልኮ፡ ሠናይ፡ ወበፈሪሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወበኂሩት፡ ንትረከብ፡ በክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ወምስለ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መንፈስ፡ ስብሐት፡ ወእኂዝ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አሜን።","english":"For the sake of peace. Y, K, and Kʿab, say: For the sake of peace for the holy Church, which is above all, that abundant peace may be granted over all the people and over all the flock. For all, peace and authority belong to you, O Lord God of us. Y, D, pray for the sake of peace. Y, Ḥ, Our Father who art in heaven. Y, K, O Lord who holds all, we ask you and we beseech you for the sake of peace. O King of peace, give us peace, for you have given us all. Pacify us, O Lord, and command us, for without you there is no other who knows your holy name. We hear and we call out. You who are from heaven, crown your peace over all of us, soul and our existence in this world. Grant peace. Y, Ḥ, O Lord our God, give us peace. O Lord our God, give us peace. O Christ our King, have mercy on us. Y, K, give peace to the king of this earth. By your holy name, give counsel to the nobles of the peoples. Guard our servants at our coming and going in peace, that in steadfastness and righteousness of life, while we live, in all good worship and in the fear of God, and in freedom, we may be found in Christ, who is yours, with him and with the Holy Spirit, praise and power now and forever and for eternity. Y, Ḥ, Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል።","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Y, K, and Kʿab, say' marks a performative instruction for the celebrant to name specific individuals, a common liturgical cue in the Supplications.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሰላም","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'ሰላም' (salam) is rendered 'peace' but carries a liturgical sense of well-being, concord, and divine favor, not merely absence of conflict.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ቅድስት፡ አሐቲ፡ እንተ፡ ላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the holy Church, which is above all' reflects the Ethiopian Orthodox emphasis on the Church as a universal, transcendent entity, central to communal prayer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት","severity":"info","text":"The invocation 'Our Father who art in heaven' echoes the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9), adapted here as a liturgical address for peace.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ይ፡ ሕ፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Y, Ḥ' likely abbreviates a liturgical response or doxology, indicating a congregational or choral element in the performance of this prayer.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘእንበሌከ፡ ባዕድ፡ አልቦ፡ ዘነአምር፡ ስመከ፡ ቅዱሰ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'without you there is no other who knows your holy name' may be a theological assertion of God's uniqueness, but the syntax is ambiguous; it could also imply a liturgical formula of exclusive devotion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The rubric 'Y, K, and Kʿab' and similar abbreviations (Y, D; Y, Ḥ) are not fully explained; they likely denote specific prayers or responses, but their exact referents are unclear.","The phrase 'ዘእንበሌከ ባዕድ አልቦ ዘነአምር ስመከ ቅዱሰ' could be read as a statement of God's exclusive knowledge or as a liturgical acclamation; the intended sense is taken as the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"መስተብቍዕ፡ ዘሙታን።\n\nመስተብቍዕ፡ ዘሙታን። ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዕ፡ ዘኵሉ፡ ይእኅዝ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ በእንተ፡\nእለ፡ ኖሙ፡ አበዊነ፡ ከመ፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ያግዕዝ፡ ውስተ፡ መካን፡ ሥዑር፡ ወኀበ፡ ማየ፡ ዕረፍት፡\nወያኅብር፡ አንሥኦ፡ ሥጋሆሙ፡ በዘባቲ፡ ሠርዐ፡ ዕለተ፡ በዘኢይትሔሰው፡ ተስፋሁ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ መንገሥተ፡\nይክፍል። በአንተ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ገብሩ፡ እኁነ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫ጊዜ፡ በል። ለዘዕረፍት፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ። መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡\nይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ፡ አበዊነ፡ ከመ፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ታግዕዝ፡ ውስተ፡ መካን፡ ሥዑር፡ ወኀበ፡ ማየ፡ ዕረፍት፡ ወታኅብር፡ አንሥኦ፡ ሥጋሆሙ፡ በዘባቲ፡ ሠራዕከ፡ ዕለተ፡ በዘኢይትሔሰው፡ ተስፋከ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ መንግሥተከ፡ ክፍል። በእንተ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እኁነ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ይ፡ ሕ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ይ፡ ካ፡ ማኅለፍታተ፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ግዑዘ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ክልአት፡ ወዘእንበለ፡ ሕመሜ፡ ጸጉ፡ በጊዜ፡ መፍትው። ሥጋ፡ አኅቢረከ፡ አንሥእ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ መንግሥተ፡ ክፍሎሙ። በእንተ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እኁነ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ይ፡ ሕ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል።","english":"We bow. Of the dead.\n\nWe bow. And again we bow, of all. May the Lord, our Father, our Lord and our Saviour Jesus Christ, take hold, for the sake of those who died, our fathers, that their souls may be freed into a place of refreshment and to the water of rest, and that he may cause their bodies to rise again in that same order on the day when his hope, which is in the heavenly kingdom, is fulfilled. Grant, through the soul of your servant, our brother N., say three times. For the one who has rested, authority is with him, the Lord our God. Y. D. Pray for the sake of those who died. Y. Ḥ. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant N. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant N. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant N.\n\nY. K. Lord our God, who takes hold of all, we ask you and we bow to you for the sake of those who died, our fathers, that their souls may be freed into a place of refreshment and to the water of rest, and that you may cause their bodies to rise again in that same order which you have established on the day when your hope, which is in your heavenly kingdom, is fulfilled. Grant, for the sake of the soul of your servant, our brother N., say three times. Y. Ḥ. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant N., say three times. Y. K. The passages of their souls, swift, without hindrance and without pain, grant at the time of departure. Body, I have united with you, rise up. The heavenly kingdom, grant to them, for the sake of the soul of your servant, our brother N., say three times. Y. Ḥ. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant N., say three times.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"መስተብቍዕ","severity":"info","text":"The rubric መስተብቍዕ (mastabqwe) is a Geʿez liturgical term meaning 'we bow' or 'we prostrate', marking a posture of supplication.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a series of intercessory prayers for the dead, each introduced by abbreviated rubrics (Y, D, Ḥ, K) indicating different ministers or prayer leaders.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'water of rest' (ማየ ዕረፍት) and 'place of refreshment' (መካን ሥዑር) reflect a common Geʿez eschatological image of a cool, restful afterlife for the faithful.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The repeated petition 'Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant N.' parallels the Kyrie eleison of Byzantine and Coptic liturgies, adapted here for the departed.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft renders 'እገሌ' as 'N.' (a placeholder for a name), but the Geʿez text uses the generic term for 'so-and-so', which may be misread as a proper name.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This prayer for the dead is part of the Ethiopian Orthodox supplication cycle, used in funerary and commemorative rites, reflecting a developed theology of intercession for the departed.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The rubric 'Y, D, Ḥ, K' likely abbreviates titles (e.g., Y for Yordanos? D for Deacon? Ḥ for Ḥegumenos? K for Kahan?), but the exact referents are not specified in the text.","The phrase 'ዘኢይትሔሰው' (za-ḫayt-ḥesaw) is obscure; the translation 'when his hope is fulfilled' is tentative, as the root may relate to 'counting' or 'reckoning'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ተዐሢ፡ ዕሤተ፡ ሠናየ፡ ዘዓይን፡ ኢርእየ፡ ወዕዝን፡ ኢሰምዐ፡ ውስተ፡ ልበ፡ ሰብእ፡ ዘኢተሐለየ፡ ወኢዐርገ፡ መጠነ፡ አስተዳሎከ፡ አንተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለእለ፡ ያፈቅሩከ። መናኅየ፡ ወመናዝዘ፡ ለሰብኦሙ፡ ፈኑ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ከዊነከ፡ ክፍል፡ በክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አሜን።\n\nእግዚአ፡ ሕያዋን።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል፡ እግዚአ፡ ሕያዋን፡ ሕይወተ፡ ሙታን፡ ተስፋ፡ ቅቡፃን፡ ረዳኤ፡ ምንዱባን፡ ወምንጽሔ፡ ኃጥአን፡ ዘሞተ፡ አፅራዕከ፡ ወማዕሠረ፡ ሰይጣን፡ በቲከከ፡ ሕይወተ፡ ለትዝምደ፡ ሰብእ፡ ጸጎከ። ኀቤከ፡ ንስእል፡ ወናስተበቍዕ፡ ዘኢትመውት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም። ዘመዝገበ፡ ሕይወት፡ ኀቤከ፡ ውእቱ። በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ፡ በሃይማኖት፡ አዕረፉ፡ አበው፡ ቀደምት፡ ሊቃነ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶሳት፡ ቀሳውስት፡ ወዲያቆናት፡ አናጕንስጢስ፡ ወመዘምራን ፡ ደናግል፡ ወመነኰሳት፡ ሕፃናት፡ ዕቤራት፡ ወእጓለ፡ ማውታ። በእንተ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ገብሩ፡ እኁነ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ዝየ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ዘአንተ፡ ጸዋዕከ፡ እምውስተ፡ ሕዝብከ፡ በጽድቅ፡ ወበርትዕ፡ ሕፅን፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ውስተ፡ መካን፡ ሥዑር፡ ወኀበ፡ ማየ፡ ዕረፍት፡ ውስተ፡ ሕፅነ፡ አብርሃም፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ወያዕቆብ። በእንተ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እኁነ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ዘለዕረፍት፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ።","english":"Yf, Kf. And while the offering of good incense, which the eye has not seen and the ear has not heard within the heart of man, which has not been mixed and has not ascended to the measure of your dispensation, you, O Lord God, for those who love you, send forth a place of rest and a place of comfort for their souls. Say three times: Your portion in Christ, which is his for you. Say: Yf, Hf. Amen.\n\nO Lord of the living.\n\nYf, Kf. And again say: O Lord of the living, life of the dead, hope of the baptized, helper of the afflicted, and refuge of sinners. Your righteousness has overcome the death of the wicked and the prison of Satan. Grant life to the race of men. We beseech you and implore that which does not die for eternity. The treasury of life is with you. On behalf of those who lived in faith, the fathers, the ancients, the archbishops, the bishops, the priests, and the deacons, the anagnosts and the cantors, the virgins and the monks, the children, the youths, and the infants of the womb. On behalf of the soul of your servant, our brother N., say three times. And on behalf of all those who are here whom you have summoned from among your people in righteousness and justice, shelter their souls in a place of pasture and to the water of rest, within the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. On behalf of the soul of your servant, our brother N., say three times. The Lord God, our God, has authority over rest.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening 'Yf, Kf' and later 'Yf, Hf' are likely abbreviated liturgical cues, possibly for gestures or responses, though their exact meaning is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ኢርእየ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez verb 'ኢርእየ' (ʾarʾaya) means 'to see' and is used here in a negated form to describe the unseen nature of the incense offering.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ሕፅነ፡ አብርሃም፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ወያዕቆብ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob' echoes a common biblical and liturgical image of the afterlife, found in the New Testament (e.g., Luke 16:22) and later Christian tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"መናኅየ፡ ወመናዝዘ","severity":"info","text":"The terms 'place of rest' and 'place of comfort' reflect a standard eschatological hope in Ethiopic liturgy for the souls of the departed, often associated with refreshment and peace.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"እለ፡ ኖሙ፡ በሃይማኖት","severity":"info","text":"The prayer lists various categories of the faithful (fathers, bishops, monks, etc.), reflecting the communal and hierarchical nature of Ethiopic Christian commemoration of the dead.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘኢተሐለየ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'which has not been mixed' (ዘኢተሐለየ) is ambiguous; it may refer to the incense being pure or to a mystical quality, but the exact sense is uncertain in this context.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviations 'Yf, Kf' and 'Yf, Hf' are unclear; they may be liturgical rubrics or corrupted text.","The phrase 'ዘኢተሐለየ' (which has not been mixed) is ambiguous in its theological or ritual reference."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ፡ አበዊነ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ወአበዊነ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶሳት፡ ወአበዊነ፡ ቀሳውስት፡ ወአኀዊነ፡ ዲያቆናት፡ ወአበዊነ፡ መነኰሳት፡ ወአኀዊነ፡ ሕዝባውያን፡ ወአኃቲነ፡ አንስት፡ ከመ፡ ያዕርፍ፡ እግዚእ፡ ነፍሳቲሆሙ፡ በሰላም፡ ወይሥረይ፡ ለነ፡ ኃጣውኢነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ትእኅዝ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ኖሙ፡ አግብርቲከ፡ ወአእማቲከ። በእንተ፡ ነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እኁነ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ይ፡ ሕ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ዝየ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ዘአንተ፡ ጸዋዕከ፡ እምውስተ፡ ሕዝብከ፡ በጽድቅ፡ ወበርትዕ፡ አዕርፍ፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ውስተ፡ መካን፡ ሥዑር፡ ወኀበ፡ ማየ፡ ዕረፍት፡ ውስተ፡ ሕፅነ፡ አብርሃም፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ወያዕቆብ፡ ውስተ፡ ገነተ፡ ትፍሥሕት፡ በመራሕያነ፡ ብርሃን፡ መላእክቲከ፡ ሕፅን፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ምስለ፡ ቅዱሳኒከ፡ ውስተ፡ ዘለዓለም፡ ማኅደርከ፡ ወሥጋሆሙኒ፡ አንሥእ፡ በዕለተ፡ ዐደምከ፡ እንተ፡ ባቲ፡ ሠራዕከ፡ በከመ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወቡሩክ፡ ዘኢይትሔሰው፡ ተስፋከ፡ ዘበሰማያት፡ መንግሥትከ፡ ክፍሎሙ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ መሐራ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ለነፍሰ፡ ገብርከ፡ እገሌ፡ ፫፡ ጊዜ፡ በል። እስመ፡ አልቦሙ፡ ለአግብርቲከ፡ ሞት፡ አላ፡ ፍልሰት፡ ወለእመኒ፡ ቦ፡ ዘአበሱ፡ ወዘተሠወሮሙ፡ ሕገ፡ ሰብእ፡ አናኅሲ፡ ሎሙ።","english":"Yf, Df. Pray on behalf of those who have died: our fathers the bishops, and our fathers the episcopoi, and our fathers the priests, and our brothers the deacons, and our fathers the monks, and our brothers the laity, and our sisters the women. May the Lord grant rest to their souls in peace, and may he forgive us our sins. Yf, Hf. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant, NN. Say this three times. Yf, Kf. O Lord God, our God, who holds everything, we ask you and we beseech you on behalf of those who have died, your servants and your handmaidens. On behalf of the soul of your servant, our brother, NN. Say this three times. Yf, Hf. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant, NN. Say this three times. Yf, Kf. And on behalf of all those who are here, whom you have summoned from among your people, grant rest to their souls in a place of righteousness and uprightness, and to the water of rest, in the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the garden of joy, with the guides of light, your angels. Shelter their souls with your saints in your eternal dwelling. And raise up their bodies on the day of your coming, in which you have decreed, according to your holy and blessed hope which cannot be diminished, your kingdom in heaven. Grant them a share. Yf, Hf. Have mercy, O Lord, upon the soul of your servant, NN. Say this three times. For there is no death for your servants, but rather a passing over. And if there is anything in which they have erred and which has been hidden from them by human law, forgive them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a prayer for the dead, structured as a litany with repeated invocations and responses, including the formulaic 'Yf, Hf' and 'Yf, Kf'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"እገሌ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'እገሌ' (ʾəgale) is a placeholder for a name, here rendered as 'NN' in the English draft.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob' echoes New Testament and patristic imagery of the afterlife, notably Luke 16:22 and Hebrews 12:40 (LXX).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The prayer lists ecclesiastical orders (bishops, priests, deacons, monks, laity, women) reflecting the hierarchical structure of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This supplication is part of the 'Mastabqwe' (Supplications) liturgy, used in Ethiopian Orthodox funerary and commemorative rites.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft renders 'እለ ኖሙ' as 'those who have died', but the Geʿez literally means 'those who lived', a euphemism for the deceased.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Yf, Df', 'Yf, Hf', and 'Yf, Kf' is unclear; they may be liturgical cues or abbreviations for responses."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"እስመ፡ ኄር፡ ወመፍቀሬ፡ ሰብእ፡ አንተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ እስመ፡ አልቦ፡ ንጹሕ፡ እምርስሐት፡ በቅድሜከ፡ ወለእመኒ፡ ቦ፡ አሐተ፡ ሰዓተ፡ ሐይዉ፡ በዲበ፡ ምድር፡ ማኅለፍታተ፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ግዑዘ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ክልአት፡ አንተ፡ ጸጉ፡ መንፈሰ፡ ናዛዜ፡ ወመናኅየ፡ ለሰብኦሙ፡ ፈኑ፡ ናዝዞሙ፡ ወአስተፍሥሖሙ፡ በክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።\n\nመስተብቍዕ፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡\n\n40-41\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ እግዚኦ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ አምላክነ፡ ዘትቤሎ፡ ለፍቁርከ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎከ፡ ዲበ፡ ዕፀ፡ መስቀል፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወትቤላ፡ ለማርያም፡ ነዋ፡ ወልድኪ፡ ወለረድእከኒ፡ ነያ፡ እምከ፡ ወእምይእቲ፡ ሰዓት፡ ነሥአ፡ ውእቱ፡ ረድእ፡ ወአእተዋ፡ ቤቶ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲትከ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ዘረፈቀ፡ ውስተ፡ ሕፅንከ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ሐዋርያት፡ አርዳኢከ፡ ከመ፡ ትረስየነ፡ ድልዋነ፡ ለሰሚዐ፡ ተአምሪሃ፡ ለማርያም፡ በአእዳዊሃ፡ ዘከሠትከ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ወንጌል፡ ቅዱስ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ ዘመንክር፡ በአርያሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ስሙ፡ ዝንጓጔ፡ መስቀል፡ አመ፡ ተወፈየ፡ ነዋ፡ ወልድኪ፡ ይቤላ፡ ለእሙ፡ ፍቅረ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ኢያንተገ፡ በጊዜ፡ ሕማሙ፡ ላዕለ፡ ጕንደ፡ መስቀል፡ አመ፡ ውኅዘ፡ ደሙ። እግዝእትነ፡ ተሣሃልነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ እስመ፡ ኀረያ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለጽዮን፡ ወአብደራ፡ ከመ፡ ትኩኖ፡ ማኅደሮ። ዛቲ፡ ይእቲ፡ ምዕራፍየ፡ ለዓለም። ይ፡ ሕ፡ ከማሁ።","english":"Because you are good and loving of humanity, O Lord God, for there is none pure from sin before you. And if there be one hour of their life upon earth, the passing of their souls, fleeting without restraint, do you send the spirit of comfort and rest to their people, comfort them and gladden them in Christ, who is yours. Say:\n\nThe Supplication of Our Lady Mary.\n\n40-41\n\nYf, Kf. O Lord God, O Lord Jesus Christ, our God, who said to your beloved John while you were upon the wood of the holy cross, and said to Mary, \"Behold your son,\" and \"He helped me, this one from you and from that hour he took; he is a helper and brought her to his house.\" Now, O Lord, we ask you and supplicate you for the sake of Mary your mother, and for the sake of John who reclined in your bosom, and for the sake of all your apostles your helpers, that you may grant us strength to hear her miracles, which you revealed through her hands. Yf, Df. Pray for the sake of the holy Gospel. Yf, Ḥf. Marvelous in his heights, the Lord God, his name is the mystery of the cross. When he was born, \"Behold your son,\" he said to his mother, the love of John. And you were astonished at the time of his passion upon the hill of the cross, when his blood flowed. Our Lady, have mercy on us. Yf, Df. Because the Lord God chose Zion and magnified it to be his tabernacle. This is my portion for the world. Yf, Ḥf. Likewise.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"መስተብቍዕ ዘእግዝእትነ ማርያም","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'The Supplication of Our Lady Mary' marks a distinct liturgical unit within the passage, likely a separate prayer or hymn inserted at this point.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ዮሐንስ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to John reclining in Christ's bosom and the words 'Behold your son' echo the tradition of John as the beloved disciple (John 19:26-27) and the apocryphal account of Mary's adoption by John.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"መስቀል","severity":"info","text":"The 'mystery of the cross' and the description of Christ's passion on the hill of the cross reflect the central soteriological focus of Ethiopic liturgical texts, often drawing on apocryphal passion narratives.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ማኅለፍታተ ነፍሶሙ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the passing of their souls' (ማኅለፍታተ ነፍሶሙ) is a technical term in Ethiopic funerary liturgy for the moment of death and the soul's transition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ጽዮን","severity":"info","text":"The identification of Zion as God's chosen tabernacle reflects the Ethiopic Christian tradition that the Ark of the Covenant was brought to Aksum, linking Zion to the Ethiopian church.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"40-41","severity":"caution","text":"The numbers '40-41' likely indicate folio or page references in the manuscript, but their exact function is unclear; they may also mark a liturgical division or a lacuna.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'Yf, Kf' and similar abbreviations (Yf, Df, Yf, Ḥf) are not explained in the source; they likely denote liturgical rubrics (e.g., 'Yf' for 'Yə'əti fəṭəra' or similar), but their precise meaning is uncertain.","The transition between the prayer for the dead and the Supplication of Mary is abrupt; the text may be composite or missing a rubric."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ተዘከር፡ ካዕበ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አግብርቲከ፡ ወአእማቲከ፡ እለ፡ በልዑ፡ ሥጋከ፡ ወሰትዩ፡ ደመከ፡ ወእለ፡ አዕረፉ፡ በሃይማኖተ፡ ዚአከ፡ ኦ፡ በግዕ፡ ዘአርያም፡ በርእሰ፡ ደብረ፡ ጽዮን፡ ዘቆምከ፡ ኢትፍልጠነ፡ እምከብካበ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መርዓከ፡ ኢተዘኪረከ፡ አበሳነ፡ ወአናኅስየከ፡ ጌጋየነ፡ በምሕረትከ፡ ተዘከረነ፡ እንበለ፡ ምሕረትከሰ፡ አልቦ፡ ዘይድኅን፡ ለከ፡ ይደሉ፡ ስብሐት፡ በጽዮን፡ ወለከ፡ ይትፌኖ፡ ጸሎት፡ በኢየሩሳሌም፡ ስማዕ፡ ጸሎተ፡ ኵሉ፡\nዘሥጋ፡ በእንተ፡ ማርያም፡ ምልዕተ፡ ጸጋ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nዓዲ፡\n\nወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዓ፡ ለንግሥተ፡ ኵልነ፡ ማርያም፡ እምነ፡ ወእሙ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ንስእል፡ ወነኃሥሥ፡ ናስተበቍዕ፡ ወንቄድስ፡ ዕበየ፡ ተአምሪሃ፡ ብዙኃ፡ ለእመ፡ ጸባዖት፡ ንጉሥ፡ እለ፡ ትነብሩ፡ ተንሥኡ፡ ወእለ፡ ታረምሙ፡ አውሥኡ፡ ማርያምሃ፡ በቃለ፡ ስብሐት፡ ጸውዑ፡ ቁሙ፡ ወአጽምዑ፡ ተአምረ፡ ድንግል፡ ከመ፡ ትስምዑ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ ቅድመ፡ ሥእላ፡ ለቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ መርዓተ፡ አብ፡ ወእመ፡ በግዑ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ ቡርክት፡ አንቲ፡ ማርያም፡ ቡርክት፡ አንቲ፡ ማርያም፡ ሠናይት፡ አንቲ፡ ማርያም፡ ወቡሩክ፡ ፍሬ፡ ከርሥኪ፡ መድኃኔ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዓለም።","english":"Again, remember your servants and your handmaidens, who have partaken of your body and drunk your blood, and who have reposed in your faith. O Gracious One, who is exalted, who stood upon the summit of Mount Zion, absolve us from the burden of your holy covenant. Remember our transgression and forgive our sin through your mercy. Remember us, for without your mercy there is none who can be saved for you. Praise is due to you in Zion, and prayer is made to you in Jerusalem. Hear the prayer of all flesh on behalf of Mary, full of grace, now and always, and forever and ever. Amen.\n\nAgain\n\nAnd again we beseech the Queen of us all, Mary, the mother of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. We ask and implore, we beseech and confess the greatness of her many miracles. O Mother of the King of Hosts, you who dwell, arise; and you who are merciful, respond. Call Mary with a voice of praise. Stand and listen to the miracle of the Virgin, as you hear. Pray before her image for the holy Virgin, the Bride of the Father and Mother of the Gracious One. Blessed are you, Mary. Blessed are you, Mary. Good are you, Mary. And blessed is the fruit of your womb, the Savior of the whole world.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening rubric 'Yf, Kf' (ይ፡ ካ፡) is a Coptic-derived cue indicating a liturgical response or section break, here marking the start of a new prayer unit.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ተዘከር","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez verb 'ተዘከር' (tazakkar) means 'remember' or 'recall,' often used in supplications to invoke divine or saintly intercession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ሥጋከ ወሰትዩ ደመከ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'partaken of your body and drunk your blood' echoes the Eucharistic language of the Last Supper and early Christian liturgy, referencing the body and blood of Christ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ደብረ ጽዮን","severity":"info","text":"Mount Zion (ደብረ ጽዮን) is a key site in Ethiopian Christian tradition, often associated with the Ark of the Covenant and the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Aksum.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ማርያም","severity":"info","text":"The repeated acclamation 'Blessed are you, Mary' reflects the high veneration of the Virgin in Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy, where she is invoked as Queen and intercessor.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢትፍልጠነ እምከብካበ ቅዱስ መርዓከ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'absolve us from the burden of your holy covenant' is ambiguous: it may refer to release from sin or from ritual obligations; the Geʿez allows both readings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ኢትፍልጠነ እምከብካበ ቅዱስ መርዓከ' could mean either 'absolve us from the burden of your holy covenant' (sin) or 'release us from the weight of your holy covenant' (ritual duty). The English draft opts for the former.","The identity of 'the Gracious One' (በግዕ) is ambiguous: it may refer to Christ or to God the Father; the context of Mount Zion and the covenant suggests a Christological reference."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","ref":"Luke 1:28","text":"The English carries the scriptural phrase “full of grace”, which matches Luke 1:28. The match is on the English draft; check the Coptic before quoting the verse."}]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ንዑ፡ ንስግድ፡ ወንግነይ፡ ላቲ፡ ንዑ፡ ንትፈሣሕ፡ ወንትኀሠይ፡ ባቲ፡ እስመ፡ እመ፡ አምላክ፡ ይእቲ፡ ድንግልናቲሃ፡ ፪ቲ፡ ዛቲ፡ ይእቲ፡ ትንቢቶሙ፡ ለነቢያት፡ ሞገሰ፡ ስብከቶሙ፡ ለሐዋርያት፡ እሞሙ፡ ለሰማዕት፡ ወእኅቶሙ፡ ለመላእክት፡ ላቲ፡ ይደሉ፡ ክብር፡ ወስብሐት፡ ወለወልዳ፡ አምልኮ፡ ወስግደት፡ በምድር፡ ወበሰማያት፡ በባሕር፡ ወበቀላያት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዓ፡ ለነቅዐ፡ ሕይወት፡\n\nወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዓ፡ ለነቅዐ፡ ሕይወት፡ ለቅድስት፡ ደብተራ፡ ዘወለደት፡ ወአግመረት፡ ጵርስፎራ፡ ይትነከር፡ ዕበየ፡ ክብራ፡ ጊዜ፡ ይትነበብ፡ ተአምራ፡ ጽልሕወ፡ ልብ፡ ብእሲ፡ ሥጋ፡\nቢጹ፡ ዘበልዐ፡ ስመ፡ ማርያም፡ ዘጸውዐ፡ በሕፍነ፡ ማይ፡ ቈሪር፡ መንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ቦአ፡ ሰሚዐክሙ፡ አንክሩ፡ ዜና፡ ዝክራ፡ አፍቅሩ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ዚአሃ፡ ተዘከሩ፡ ዘኵሎ፡ ታድኅን፡\nእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም። ንዑ፡ ንስግድ፡ ወንግነይ፡ ለንግሣ፡ ዘጾረት፡ ወአግመረት፡ በከርሣ፡ እግዚአ፡ ሰማያት፡ ወምድር፡ መስተስርየ፡ ኀጢአት፡ ወአበሳ። እንዘ፡ ኢትሌሊ፡ ባዕላየ፡\nወኢትሜንን፡ ነዳየ። ማርያምሰ፡ ታፈቅር፡ ዘይገብር፡ ሠናየ። ዛቲ፡ ይእቲ፡ እኅተ፡ መላእክት፡ ትጉሃን። ወለተ፡ ኄራን፡ ነቢያት፡ ብዕሎሙ፡ ለሐዋርያት፡ ሞገሰ፡ ጻድቃን፡ ወሰማዕት፡\nላቲ፡ ይደሉ፡ ክብር፡ ወስብሐት፡ ዘምስለ፡ ወልዳ፡ አምልኮ፡ ወስግደት፡ በምድር፡ ወበሰማያት፡ በባሕር፡ ወበቀላያት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"Come, let us worship and bow down to her. Come, let us rejoice and take refuge in her, for she is the Mother of God. Her virginity is twofold. This is the prophecy of the prophets, the grace of the preaching of the apostles, the mother of the martyrs, and the sister of the angels. To her are due honor and praise, and to her Son, worship and adoration on earth and in the heavens, on the sea and on the dry land, forever and ever. Amen.\n\nAnd again, let us beseech the spring of life.\n\nAnd again, let us beseech the spring of life for the holy Debatra, who bore and brought forth P̣irṣfora. The greatness of her glory is marvelous when her miracles are read. The heart of a man of flesh is darkened. He who has eaten the name of Mary, who has invoked it in a handful of cold water, has entered the kingdom of heaven. Hearken, be amazed at the news of her memory. Love her kingdom. Remember that she saves all.\n\nOur Lady Mary. Come, let us worship and bow down to the throne where she stood and brought forth in the womb of the Lord of heaven and earth, the absolver of sins and transgressions, while she was not a widow nor a poor woman. For Mary loves him who does good. This is the sister of the angels, the vigilant one, the daughter of the good ones, the abundance of the prophets, the grace of the apostles, the glory of the righteous and martyrs.\n\nTo her are due honor and praise, together with her Son, worship and adoration on earth and in the heavens, on the sea and on the dry land, forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ድንግልናቲሃ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ድንግልናቲሃ (dǝngǝlǝnātīhā) means 'her virginity'. The phrase 'twofold virginity' (፪ቲ ዛቲ) likely refers to Mary's perpetual virginity before, during, and after Christ's birth, a common theme in Ethiopic Mariology.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ደብተራ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez word ደብተራ (dabtara) refers to a 'debatra' or 'tabot', a portable altar or ark. Here it is personified as 'holy Debatra', likely a symbolic reference to the Ark of the Covenant or a liturgical object associated with Mary.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጵርስፎራ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ጵርስፎራ (P̣irṣfora) is a transliteration of the Greek 'Parthenos' (παρθένος), meaning 'virgin'. It is used here as a title for Mary, emphasizing her virginity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ንዑ ንስግድ ወንግነይ ላቲ","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'Come, let us worship and bow down to her' echoes Psalm 95:6 (LXX) 'Come, let us worship' and reflects the liturgical invitation common in Ethiopic hymns, particularly in the 'Mastabqwe' tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በሕፍነ ማይ ቈሪር","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in a handful of cold water' refers to a traditional Ethiopic practice of invoking Mary's name with water for healing or blessing, often associated with the 'Mastabqwe' prayer for intercession.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወካዕበ ናስተበቍዓ ለነቅዐ ሕይወት","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'And again, let us beseech the spring of life' marks a structural refrain, dividing the passage into two main sections: the first praising Mary, the second invoking her as the 'spring of life' and the 'holy Debatra'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'holy Debatra' is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific liturgical object, a personification of the Ark, or a symbolic title for Mary. The reading taken is that it is a symbolic reference to the Ark of the Covenant or a liturgical object associated with Mary.","The term 'P̣irṣfora' is a transliteration of Greek 'Parthenos', but its exact referent in this context (whether a title for Mary or a separate entity) is unclear. The reading taken is that it is a title for Mary."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"መስተብቍዕ፡ ዘመስቀል፡\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ ለዕፀ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መስቀል፡ ጽኑዐ፡ ሥልጣን፡ ወኃይል፡ ወሊሉየ፡ መልክዕ፡ ወአምሳል፡ እመልክዓ፡ በትሩ፡ ለአሮን፡ ካህነ፡ ጽሎላት፡ ወአምሳል፡ በትረ፡ አሮንሰ፡ ዘሠረፀት፡ ወፈረየት፡ ከርካዐ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ተክል፡ እንዘ፡ ትቀውም፡ በአፍአ፡ ኢያድኃነት፡ ጻድቀ፡ ወኢቤዘወት፡ ኃጥአ፡ እስመ፡ አልባቲ፡ ክሂል፡ ወኢመዊዐ፡ መስቀለ፡ ክርስቶስሰ፡ ቤዛነ፡ ወኃይልነ፡ አግዓዘ፡ ጻድቃነ፡ ወኃጥአነ፡ እምግብርናተ፡ ሰይጣን፡ ጸላኢነ፡ ነሢኦ፡ ሥልጣነ፡ እምኀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ ቅድመ፡ መስቀል፡ ኵልክሙ፡ መሃይማናን፡ እንዘ፡ ትእኅዝዎ፡ በየማን፡ ወትክሕድዎ፡ ለሰይጣን፡ እስመ፡ ተቀደሰ፡ በደመ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ መድኅን። ይ፡ ሕ፡ ክቡር፡ አንተ፡ ንጉሠ፡ ዕፀዋት፡ መስቀል፡ ወክቡር፡ አንተ፡ ዕፀ፡ መስቀል፡ ወክቡር፡ ዘተቀደስከ፡ በደመ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ቃል።","english":"Supplication of the Cross.\n\nO come, let us bow down to the holy wood of the Cross, firm in authority and power, and hidden is its form and likeness from the form of the rod of Aaron the priest. Its blossoming and likeness: the rod of Aaron which sprouted and bore fruit, dry, without planting, while it stood in the Tabernacle. It justified the righteous and condemned the sinner, for there is no skill or comparison. The Cross of Christ, however, is our ransom and our power; it has delivered our righteous and our sinners from the works of Satan, our enemy. We beseech authority from the Lord our God. Pray before the Cross, all you faithful, while you take it in the right hand and hide it from Satan, for it was consecrated by the blood of Christ the Saviour. Honored are you, king of trees, O Cross; and honored are you, wood of the Cross; and honored are you who were consecrated by the blood of Christ the Word.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"መስተብቍዕ ዘመስቀል","severity":"info","text":"The rubric መስተብቍዕ ዘመስቀል (Supplication of the Cross) opens the passage, marking it as a liturgical prayer genre distinct from the preceding Marian praise.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዕፀ ቅዱስ መስቀል","severity":"info","text":"The 'holy wood of the Cross' is a central relic in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, often venerated as a physical object with protective and salvific power, linked to the True Cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"በትሩ ለአሮን","severity":"info","text":"The rod of Aaron that sprouted and bore fruit dry (Numbers 17:8) is compared to the Cross, emphasizing the Cross's superior miraculous and redemptive power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"መስቀል","severity":"info","text":"መስቀል (masqal) means 'cross' in Geʿez, but also refers to the Feast of the Cross (Meskel), a major Ethiopian Orthodox celebration. Here it denotes the physical cross as an object of veneration.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተቀደሰ በደመ ክርስቶስ","severity":"info","text":"The consecration of the Cross by Christ's blood reflects a common Ethiopian liturgical theme, linking the relic directly to Christ's sacrifice and its salvific efficacy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢያድኃነት","severity":"caution","text":"The term ኢያድኃነት (Tabernacle) is ambiguous; it may refer to the Old Testament Tabernacle or a specific Ethiopian liturgical structure. The translation follows the biblical reference.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ኢያድኃነት' could denote either the biblical Tabernacle or a later Ethiopian sanctuary; the reading as 'Tabernacle' is adopted based on the Aaron rod parallel.","The identity of the 'king of trees' (ንጉሠ ዕፀዋት) is not specified; it is interpreted as the Cross itself, not a separate entity."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ለክብረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ መስቀል፡ ክርስቶሳውያን፡ ንሰግድ፡ በፍርሃት፡ ወበረዓድ፡ ኪያሁ፡ ፈጣሪ፡ ህላዌ፡ ወልድ፡ እስመ፡ ቀደሶ፡ በደሙ፡ ወአኮ፡ በደመ፡ በዕድ፡ መልዕልተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ መስቀል፡ አመ፡ ሞተ፡ መለኮት፡ በትስብእቱ፡ ትስብእትሰ፡ እመለኮቱ፡ ኢተፈልጠ፡ ወኢተቶስሐ፡ ቦቱ፡ በበትረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ መስቀል፡ ሐዋርያቲሁ፡ ለዘሞተ፡ እንዘ፡ ይገብሩ፡ መንክራተ፡ ሰደዱ፡ አጋንንተ፡ ወሰበሩ፡ ጣዖታተ፡ በእንተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ አዘዙ፡ መምህራነ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወንጌል፡ አምሳለ፡ ፈጣሪ፡ ልዑል፡ ንስግድ፡ ለመስቀል፡ ወለማርያም፡ ድንግል፡ ለማርያምሰ፡ ዘንሰግድ፡ ላቲ፡ እስመ፡ ነሥአ፡ ሥጋ፡ እምሥጋሃ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ፈጣሪሃ፡ ወረከብነ፡ ንሕነ፡ መድኃኒተ፡ እምኔሃ፡ ለዕፀ፡ መስቀልሂ፡ ከመ፡ ተናገርነ፡ ቅድመ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ አንጠብጠበ፡ ደመ፡ ቃል፡ ኢሐማሚ፡ በባሕርየ፡ ሥጋ፡ ዘሐመ፡ ለእሉ፡ ፪ቱ፡ ፍጡራን፡ ስብሐተ፡ ፈጣሪ፡ ይደልዎሙ፡ እስመ፡ ተዐረዩ፡ በክብሮሙ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"O come, let us bow down to the glory of this Cross, O Christians, in fear and trembling, for it is the Creator’s abode and the Son, for he consecrated it with his blood and set it up with the blood of the wood. Above this Cross, when the Godhead died in his humanity—for humanity is from his Godhead, not separated nor divided—there, by the rod of this Cross, his apostles, for the one who died while working miracles, drove out demons and broke idols. Concerning this, the teachers of the holy Gospel commanded: like the Creator Most High, let us bow down to the Cross and to Mary the Virgin. For as for Mary, we bow down to her because the Lord, her Creator, took flesh from her flesh, and we have found salvation from her, from the wood of her Cross, as we spoke before him. Drops of blood, a word, not a physician by nature, but flesh that healed for these two creatures. Praise to the Creator is due to them, for they were adorned in their glory, now and forever, and for eternity. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ለክብረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ መስቀል፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a call to bow to the Cross, echoing the previous supplication's structure but shifting focus to the Cross's glory and Christological significance.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"መለኮት፡ በትስብእቱ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Godhead died in his humanity' reflects the miaphysite Christology of the Geʿez tradition, asserting the unity of divine and human natures in Christ without separation.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ሐዋርያቲሁ፡ ለዘሞተ፡ እንዘ፡ ይገብሩ፡ መንክራተ፡","severity":"info","text":"The apostles' miracles and exorcisms allude to Acts 19:11–20 and patristic accounts of apostolic power, though no direct verse is cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ለማርያምሰ፡ ዘንሰግድ፡ ላቲ፡","severity":"info","text":"The veneration of Mary as Theotokos is standard in Geʿez liturgy, grounded in the Council of Ephesus (431) and Ethiopian Orthodox devotion.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"አንጠብጠበ፡ ደመ፡ ቃል፡","severity":"info","text":"The 'drops of blood' as a healing word may reference the relic of the True Cross or the miraculous blood of Christ, a theme in Ethiopian hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ፈጣሪሃ፡ ወረከብነ፡ ንሕነ፡ መድኃኒተ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'we have found salvation from her, from the wood of her Cross' is ambiguous: it may refer to Mary as the source of salvation or to the Cross itself.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'from the wood of her Cross' could mean the Cross belonging to Mary or the Cross made from her wood; the Geʿez allows both readings.","The identity of 'these two creatures' (ፍጡራን) is unclear—possibly the Cross and Mary, or the divine and human natures of Christ."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"በእንተ፡ ዱያን።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተብቍዖ፡ ለእግዚአ፡ ኵሉ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ሐዋፂሃ፡ ለነፍስ፡ ወመፈውሰ፡ ሥጋ፡ ዘያወርድ፡ ውስተ፡ ሲኦል፡ ወካዕበ፡ ያዐርግ፡ ዘይፌውስ፡ ቅጥቃጤሃ፡ ለነፍስ፡ በእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ዱያን፡ ከመ፡ ኵሎ፡ ይፈውስ፡ ወያንሥእ። ዘውእቱ፡ ሥሉጥ፡ ላዕለ፡ ምሕረት፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ዱያን። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለዋሕድ፡ ወልድከ፡ እግዚእነ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ዱያነ፡ ፈውስ፡ ወለእለሂ፡ አጋንንተ፡ አውፅእ፡ ወለእለሂ፡ አርኀቁ፡ ደቄ፡ ናዝዝ፡ ሕማማ፡ ለነፍስ፡ ሐውፅ፡ ወኵሎ፡ ፈውስ፡ እስመ፡ ትክል፡ ወጽኑዕ፡ አንተ፡ ዘትገብር፡ መድምመ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ዘ፴ወ፰ተ፡ ክረምተ፡ መፃጕዐ፡ አሕዮከ፡ ወአልአዛርሃ፡ እሙታን፡ አንሣእከ፡ ወለዘ፩ዱ፡ ለእሙ፡ ጸጎከ፡ ወለዘእንተ፡ ደም፡ ይውኅዛ፡ አሕዮከ፡ ወለሐማተ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡ እምፈጸንታ፡ አንሣእከ፡ ከማሁ፡ ዲበ፡ እሉኒ፡ ዱያን፡ ግበር፡ ትእምርተ፡ ዘሠናይ፡ ወፈኑ፡ ላዕሌሆሙ፡ ነጠብጣበ፡ ምሐረትከ፡ እስመ፡ ጠል፡ ዘእምኀቤከ፡ ሕይወቶሙ፡ ውእቱ፡ ከመ፡ እሙንቱሂ፡ ተንሢኦሙ፡ ይሰብሑከ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ወናልዕል፡ ስመከ፡ ኅቡረ።","english":"O come, let us bow down to the Lord of all, our God, the Ruler of all, who reigns over the whole world, the Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. He is the healer of the soul and the physician of the body, who descends into hell and ascends, who heals the torments of the soul on account of all the diseases, so that he heals and raises up all. He is the one who is powerful over mercy, the Lord God, our God. Pray on account of the diseases. Our Father who art in heaven. Yes, O Lord, our God, the Ruler of all, who reigns over the whole world, the Father of your only Son, our Lord, our brother, heal the diseases. And drive out the demons, and remove the afflictions, the pains, the sufferings of the soul, the fever, and heal everything, for you are the steadfast and strong one who works the remedy. O Lord, have mercy on us. O Lord, have mercy on us. You who, for thirty-eight years, gave life to the dead Lazarus and raised him up; and to the one who was dead for a hundred years, you gave life; and to the one who was of blood, you gave life; and for the mother of Peter, from the end, you raised her up. Likewise, upon these diseases, work a good sign, and pour upon them a drop of your mercy, for the dew from you is their life. Just as they, having been raised up, will praise you with us, and we will exalt your name together.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተብቍዖ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a call to bow down, echoing the previous passage's invitation, and then shifts to a prayer for healing, concluding with a doxological promise. This marks a liturgical transition from veneration to intercession.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ዱያን","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ዱያን (dəyān) is a loanword from Coptic ⲇⲓⲁⲛ (dian) meaning 'disease' or 'affliction'. It recurs throughout the passage as the object of healing prayers, reflecting a liturgical concern with physical and spiritual illness.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት።","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' is a direct citation of the opening of the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9), embedded here as a liturgical invocation within the healing prayer.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘ፴ወ፰ተ፡ ክረምተ፡ መፃጕዐ፡ አሕዮከ፡ ወአልአዛርሃ፡ እሙታን፡ አንሣእከ፡","severity":"info","text":"This refers to the raising of Lazarus after four days (John 11:17), but the Geʿez text says 'thirty-eight years'—a textual corruption or variant tradition. The reference to a hundred-year-old dead person and the mother of Peter are not biblical but hagiographic.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ለሐማተ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'the mother of Peter' alludes to a non-canonical tradition, possibly from the apocryphal Acts of Peter, where Peter raises his mother from the dead. This reflects the integration of apocryphal narratives into Ethiopic liturgical texts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘ፴ወ፰ተ፡ ክረምተ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'thirty-eight years' for Lazarus's death is anomalous; the biblical account says four days. This may be a scribal error or a conflation with another tradition. The reading is uncertain and should not be taken as historical.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The number 'thirty-eight years' for Lazarus's death is unclear—possibly a scribal corruption or a reference to a different tradition.","The identity of 'the one who was of blood' is ambiguous; it may refer to a hemorrhaging woman or a figure from an unknown source.","The phrase 'the mother of Peter' is not identified in canonical texts; its source is uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"በዋሕድ፡ ወልድከ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ወምስለ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መንፈስ፡ ስብሐት፡ ወመለኮት፡ ወክብር፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n´\n\nበእንተ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል። ዘይሁብ፡ ፍኖተ፡ ባሕር፡ ወውስተ፡ ማይ፡ ኃይል፡ ምሕዋረ፡ ዘያወፅኦሙ፡ እመዛግብቲሆሙ፡ ለነፋሳት። በእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ፡ እለ፡ በኵለሄ፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ለእለሂ፡ ውስተ፡ ባሕር፡ ወለእለሂ፡ ውስተ፡ አፍላግ፡ ወለእለሂ፡ ውስተ፡ በድው፡ ናስተበቍዐከ፡ ከመ፡ ለኵሎሙ፡ ታብጽሖሙ፡ ውስተ፡ አብያቲሆሙ፡ ዘበፍሥሐ፡ እንዘ፡ ይትፌሥሑ፡ ወያስተፌሥሑ፡ ዘላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ይነግዱ፡ እለ፡ ዘበእንቲአሆሙ፡ ንስእል፡ ወናስተብቍዕ፡ ንስእለከ፡ ከመ፡ ለኵሎሙ፡ ትኩኖሙ፡ መርሐ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ለእለሂ፡ ይነግዱ፡ ንግድ፡ ምስሌሆሙ፡ ወለእለሂ፡ በእግር፡ የሐውሩ፡ ሑር፡ ምስሌሆሙ፡ ወለእለሂ፡ ይትመነደቡ፡ አብጽሖሙ፡ ውስተ፡ መርሶ፡ መድኃኒት፡ ለእለሂ፡ ይሰኰዩ፡ ምርሖሙ፡ ፍኖተ፡ ጽድቅ። ወለእለሂ፡ እለ፡ ሀለዉ፡ በነጊድ፡ ዕቀቦሙ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ማዕቅፍ፡ ሀቦሙ፡ ሥርዓተ፡ መንገዶሙ። ለኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ዘበእንቲአሆሙ፡ ንስእል፡ ወናስተበቍዕ፡ ሠርሖሙ።","english":"In one, and your Son, our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who is with you and with the Holy Spirit, praise and divinity and glory, now and forever and unto eternity, amen.\n\nConcerning those who travel.\n\nO Lord, say: “He who gives a path on the sea and within the water, a power of passage, who brings them out from their difficulties for the winds.” Concerning all those who travel, those who are on every sea and on every river, and those who are in the desert, we beseech you that you may bring all of them to their homes in joy, while they rejoice and cause rejoicing, who is above all authority, the Lord God our God. O Lord, pray concerning those who travel. O Lord, our Father who is in the heavens. O Lord, yes, O Lord our God, the holder of all, who rules over the whole world, the Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. All those who travel, those for whom we ask and beseech, we ask you that you may be a guide for all of them. O Lord, have mercy on us. O Lord, have mercy on us. O Lord, for those who travel on a journey with them, and for those who go on foot, go with them, and for those who are tossed about, bring them to the harbor of salvation. For those who are weary, guide them on the path of righteousness. And for those who are on a journey, protect them without hindrance, give them order for their way. For all those for whom we ask and beseech, guide them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"በእንተ እለ ይነግዱ","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Concerning those who travel' marks a shift from the preceding doxological opening to a specific intercessory section for travelers.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ይነግዱ","severity":"info","text":"The verb 'yənaggədu' (ይነግዱ) means 'they travel' or 'they journey,' specifically by land or sea, and is the root for the noun 'nəgəd' (ንግድ) 'journey' or 'trade.'","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡሁ ለእግዚእነ ወመድኃኒነ ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ' echoes the Nicene Creed's language, affirming Trinitarian theology common in Ethiopic liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ውስተ ባሕር ወውስተ አፍላግ ወውስተ በድው","severity":"info","text":"The petition for travelers on sea, rivers, and desert reflects the geographic realities of the Ethiopian highlands and trade routes, where travel was perilous.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ናስተበቍዐከ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'we beseech you' (nastabqə'aka) parallels the Coptic liturgical form 'proskynēsis' and is a standard intercessory formula in Ethiopic prayers.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘያወፅኦሙ እመዛግብቲሆሙ ለነፋሳት","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'who brings them out from their difficulties for the winds' is syntactically ambiguous; it may mean 'from their troubles to the winds' or 'from their troubles by the winds,' and the English draft smooths over the obscurity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ዘያወፅኦሙ እመዛግብቲሆሙ ለነፋሳት' is ambiguous: 'for the winds' (ለነፋሳት) could be instrumental or directional. The English draft interprets it as 'for the winds,' but the Geʿez may intend 'by the winds' as a means of deliverance.","The opening 'በዋሕድ ወልድከ' ('In one, and your Son') is elliptical; it likely means 'In one [God], and your Son,' but the syntax is compressed and may reflect a liturgical shorthand."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ከመ፡ አንተ፡ በእሉኒ፡ ወከመ፡ በኵሉ፡ ይሰበሕ፡ ስምከ፡ ቅዱስ። በፍቁር፡ ወልድከ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።\n\nበእንተ፡ ዝናማት።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ በል። እግዚኦሙ፡ ወአምላኮሙ፡ ለማያት፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ ከመ፡ ትፈኑ፡ ዝናመ፡ ውስተ፡ ፍና፡ ኀበ፡ ይትፈቀድ፡ አስተፍሥሕ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወአርዊ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ ወበነጠብጣብከ፡ ትበቍል፡ ተፈሢሐ፡ ሀባ፡ ለምድር፡ ዘርአ፡ ወማእረረ፡ ወለአፍላግኒ፡ ምላእ፡ ማያተ፡ በመዋዕለ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ፍጹም። ዘላዕለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሥልጣን፡ ቦቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ዝናማት። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። እግዚኦሙ፡ ወአምላኮሙ፡ ለማያት፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተብቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ ዝናማት፡ ከመ፡ ተሀበነ፡ ማያተ፡ ወትምላእ፡ አፍላገ፡ አስተፍሥሕ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወአርዊ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ ሀባ፡ ፍሬ፡ ለዘርእ፡ ወለማእረር፡ ወባርክ፡ አክሊለ፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረትከ፡ በእንተ፡ ነዳያን፡ ሕዝብከ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ይሴፈዉከ፡ ወኵሎ፡ መካነ፡ ኀበ፡ ይትፈቀድ፡ ሀብ፡ ጸጋከ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ።","english":"As you are in these, and as in all things your holy name is praised, in the love of your Son, our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who is with you, say:  \n\nConcerning the rains.  \n\nO Lord and God of the waters, we beseech you and implore you to send rain upon the path where it is desired. Make glad the face of the earth, and grant its produce, and by your drops make the plants flourish. Give to the earth seed and harvest, and fill the rivers with water at their full time. Above all power is he, the Lord God of us.  \n\nPray concerning the rains.  \n\nOur Father who art in heaven.  \n\nO Lord, our God, ruler of all who reigns over the whole world, Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, O Lord and God of the waters, we beseech you and implore you concerning the rains, that you give us water and fill the rivers. Make glad the face of the earth, and grant its produce. Give fruit to the seed and to the harvest, and bless the crown of the year with your mercy for the sake of the poor of your people, and for the sake of all who entreat you, and in every place where it is desired, give your grace.  \n\nHave mercy upon us. O Lord, have mercy upon us.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ በል። እግዚኦሙ፡ ወአምላኮሙ፡ ለማያት፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'O Lord and God of the waters' introduces a distinct petition for rain, framed by the heading 'Concerning the rains' and a closing prayer formula. This marks a liturgical shift from the preceding Trinitarian doxology.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ዝናማት","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ዝናማት (zǝnāmat) means 'rains' (plural). It is the object of the petition and appears in the rubric and the prayer body, indicating a seasonal or agricultural concern typical of supplicatory liturgies.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት።","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' (አቡነ ዘበሰማያት) is a direct citation of the opening of the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:9). Its insertion here functions as a liturgical cue for communal recitation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Petitions for rain (ዝናማት) are common in Ethiopic liturgical texts, reflecting the agrarian context of the Ethiopian highlands. The prayer's request for seed, harvest, and river-filling aligns with the rainy season (kǝrǝmt) crucial for agriculture.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"እግዚኦሙ፡ ወአምላኮሙ፡ ለማያት፡","severity":"info","text":"The address 'O Lord and God of the waters' (እግዚኦሙ ወአምላኮሙ ለማያት) parallels similar invocations in other Ethiopic rain prayers, such as those in the Maṣḥafa Qǝddase, where God is directly petitioned as controller of waters.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ በል።","severity":"caution","text":"The rubric 'O Lord and God of the waters, we beseech you and implore you' contains a possible scribal repetition or conflation of two prayer formulas. The sequence 'ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡' may represent a corrupted or abbreviated rubric.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The rubric 'ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡' is unclear: it may be a scribal error, an abbreviation, or a liturgical cue for a specific response. The reading taken treats it as part of the invocation.","The phrase 'እግዚኦሙ ወአምላኮሙ ለማያት' could be interpreted as addressing a divine entity of waters, but in context it is a title for God."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ይ፡ ካ፡ አዝዞሙ፡ ለደመናት፡ ያውርዱ፡ ዝናመ፡ ዘቀዳሚ፡ ወዘደኃሪ፡ መሐር፡ አግብርቲከ፡ ወአእማቲከ፡ ወተመየጥ፡ ነዳያነ፡ ወምስኪናነ፡ ዕቤራተ፡ ወእጓለ፡ ማውታ፡ እስመ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ኀቤከ፡ ይጸርሑ፡ ኪያከ፡ መሴስየ፡ ኵሉ፡ ይትመሀለሉ፡ ወይስእሉ፡ ኪያከ፡ መጋቤ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ተሣሃል፡ ወአጽግብ፡ ከመ፡ ይክሀሉ፡ ዘበሥጋ፡ ወዘበመንፈስ፡ ዘልፈ፡ ሰብሖተከ። በዋሕድ፡ ወልድከ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።\n\nበእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር፡ ከመ፡ ፍሬሃ፡ ለምድር፡ ያልህቅ፡ ወያሥምር፡ ወይዕቀብ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ሙስና፡ መሴስየ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘሥጋ፡ ዘብዑለ፡ ጸጋ፡ ይጼጉ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ ፍሬ፡ ምድር፡ ፍሬሃ፡ ለምድር፡ አልህቅ፡ ወአሥምር፡ ወዕቀብ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ሙስና፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ እስመ፡ አንተ፡ ዘታሠርዕ፡ ሣዕረ፡ ለእንስሳ፡ ወሐመልማለ፡ ለቅኔ፡ እጓለ፡ እመሕያውከ፡ እስመ፡ ዓይነ፡ ኵሉ፡ ነፍስ፡ ይሴፎ፡ ኪያከ፡ አንተ፡ ትሁቦሙ፡ ሲሳዮሙ፡ በጊዜሁ፡ ትሰፍሕ፡ የማነከ፡ ወታጸግብ፡ ለኵሉ፡ እንስሳ፡ ዘበሥርዓትከ። በፍቁር፡ ወልድከ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።","english":"Command the clouds to bring down rain, early and late. Have mercy on your servants and your handmaidens, and on the poor and needy, the orphans and the widows, for all of them cry out to you. Forgive all, and they ask of you the giver of all. Have mercy on all and grant, so that they may be able, in body and in spirit, to praise you forever. Through your only Son, who is from you, say:\n\nConcerning the fruit of the earth.\n\nAgain say concerning the fruit of the earth: May the fruit of the earth increase, flourish, and be preserved without decay. Forgive all, and may those of flesh, who are full of grace, multiply. O Lord God. Pray concerning the fruit of the earth. Our Father who art in heaven. Yes, O Lord our God, ruler of all, who governs the whole world, father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. We beseech you and implore you concerning the fruit of the earth: increase, flourish, and preserve the fruit of the earth without decay. O Lord God. Have mercy on us. O Lord, have mercy on us. For you are the one who makes grass grow for animals and foliage for beasts. The children of your creatures, for the eye of every soul hopes in you. You give them their sustenance in its time. Your right hand is spread wide, and you satisfy every animal according to your ordinance. Through the love of your Son, our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who is from you, say:","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡ አዝዞሙ፡ ለደመናት፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a rubric (ይ፡ ካ፡) directing the celebrant to command the clouds, followed by a second rubric (ይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡) for a repeated petition concerning the fruit of the earth.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"መሐር፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez verb መሐር፡ (mäḥar) means 'have mercy' or 'pardon'; here it is used in a supplicatory sense, aligning with the liturgical context of intercession for mercy on the poor and needy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"እጓለ፡ ማውታ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'orphans and widows' (እጓለ፡ ማውታ፡) echoes biblical language of vulnerable groups, e.g., in the Psalms and prophetic books, common in Ethiopic intercessory prayers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘቀዳሚ፡ ወዘደኃሪ፡","severity":"info","text":"The request for rain 'early and late' (ዘቀዳሚ፡ ወዘደኃሪ፡) reflects the agricultural cycle in the Ethiopian highlands, where two rainy seasons (belg and kiremt) are critical for crops.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The repeated invocation of Jesus Christ as 'our Lord and Savior' (ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡) aligns with the Christological focus of Ethiopic liturgy, emphasizing intercession through the Son.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘብዑለ፡ ጸጋ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'full of grace' (ዘብዑለ፡ ጸጋ፡) is ambiguous: it may refer to the faithful or to the fruits themselves; the English draft takes it as 'those of flesh' but the Geʿez could also modify 'fruit'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The referent of 'those full of grace' (ዘብዑለ፡ ጸጋ፡) is unclear: it may be the faithful or the fruits of the earth.","The rubric 'ይ፡ ካ፡' is a standard liturgical abbreviation; its full expansion (e.g., 'yəbe kama' = 'say thus') is assumed but not explicit in the text."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ፡ ከመ፡ ያዕርግ፡ እስከ፡ መስፈርቶሙ፡ እስመ፡ አንተ፡ ዘትገብር፡ ሠናያተ፡ ወታርኁ፡ ክረምተ፡ ወትፌኑ፡ ዝናማተ፡ አስተፍሥሕ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወአርዊ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ አብጽሕ፡ ለዘርእ፡ ወለማእረር፡ ዘሥሉጥ፡ አንተ፡ ላዕለ፡ ምሕረት፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ፡ ዘአፍላግ፡ ማያተ፡ አዕርግ፡ እስከ፡ መስፈርቶሙ፡ አዝዞሙ፡ ለደመናት፡ ያውርዱ፡ ዝናመ፡ ወምልኦሙ፡ ለአፍላግ፡ ማያተ፡ በዐቅሞሙ፡ በጊዜ፡ መፍትው፡ አርዊ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ ወምላእ፡ ትለሚሃ፡ አብዝኅ፡ እክለ፡ ወባርክ፡ ዐውደ፡ ዓመት፡ በዘዚአከ፡ ኂሩት። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ እስመ፡ አንተ፡ ዘትገብር፡ ሠናያተ፡ ወታርኁ፡ ክረምተ፡ ወትፌኑ፡ ዝናማተ፡ ዲበ፡ ገጻ፡ ለምድር፡ በእንተ፡ አትክልት፡ ወጽጌያት፡ ወፍሬያተ፡ ምድር። እስመ፡ አንተ፡ መሴስይ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዘሥጋ፡ ወለከ፡ ይደሉ፡ ስብሐት፡ ምስለ፡ ወልድከ፡ ፍቁርከ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።","english":"Concerning the waters of the rivers.\n\nO Lord, and we beseech you, say: Concerning the waters of the rivers, that they may rise to their measure, for you are the one who does good works and ordains the rainy season and sends down rains. Make glad the face of the earth, and give drink to its thirst. Bring to maturity the seed and the harvest, for you are the one who has power over mercy, O Lord our God. O God, pray concerning the waters of the rivers. O Holy One, our Father who art in heaven. O Lord, O Lord our God, the holder of all, who rules over the whole world, the father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. We ask you and beseech you concerning the waters of the rivers: raise the waters of the rivers to their measure. Command the clouds to bring down rain, and fill the rivers with water to their fullness at the time of the flood. Give drink to the face of the earth, and fill its thirst. Increase the grain and bless the cycle of the year with your grace. O God, have mercy on us. O Holy One, O Lord, have mercy on us. O Lord, for you are the one who does good works and ordains the rainy season and sends down rains upon the face of the earth, for the sake of plants and flowers and fruits of the earth. For you are the provider for all that is flesh, and to you are due praise together with your beloved Son Jesus Christ, who is from you. Say.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"በእንተ፡ ማያተ፡ አፍላግ።","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'Concerning the waters of the rivers' frames this passage as a liturgical petition, with a tripartite structure: invocation, petition, and doxology.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"አስተበቍዖ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez verb 'astabqəʿo' (beseech) is a key liturgical term, often used in supplications to express urgent entreaty to God.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ክረምተ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'krämt' (rainy season) reflects the agricultural and climatic context of the Ethiopian highlands, where the timing of rains is critical for harvests.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' echoes the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9), a common liturgical borrowing in Ethiopic prayers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ","severity":"info","text":"The invocation of Jesus Christ as 'beloved Son' and 'from you' reflects the anti-Arian Christology of the Coptic and Ethiopic traditions, emphasizing consubstantiality.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The abbreviation 'yə kā' likely stands for 'yəʾəti kāʿəb' (O Lord), but the manuscript may have a scribal contraction or rubric; the exact expansion is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviation 'yə kā' and 'yə dī' may represent rubricated liturgical directions or scribal contractions; their precise referents are unclear.","The phrase 'say' at the beginning and end may indicate a rubric for the celebrant, but the exact speaker (priest or congregation) is ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"በእንተ፡ ንጉሥ።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ በል። እግዚኦሙ፡ ለአጋእዝት፡ ወንጉሦሙ፡ ለነገሥት፡ በእንተ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ገብርከ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ከመ፡ መንግሥቶ፡ ይዕቀብ፡ በጽድቅ፡ ወበሰላም፡ መዋዒ፡ በኵሉ፡ ፀብዕ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ንጉሥ ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ እግዚኦሙ፡ ለአጋዝእት፡ ወንጉሦሙ፡ ለነገሥት፡ ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ገብርከ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ በሰላም፡ ወበጽድቅ፡ ዕቀቦ፡ ከመ፡ ብንተ፡ ዓይን፡ ወበጽላሎተ፡ ክነፊከ፡ ክድኖ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃሎ፡ ለንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ። ይ፡ ካ፡ አግርር፡ ሎቱ፡ ፀሮ፡ ታሕተ፡ እገሪሁ፡ ከመ፡ ብዙኀ፡ ሰላመ፡ ጸግዎ፡ በኵለሄ፡ ወበኵሉ፡ በሐውርት፡ ለብዙኅ፡ መዋዕል፡ ወለጕንዱይ፡ ዓመታት፡ ወለነዋኅ፡ ክራማት፡ ለተድላ፡ ወለዳኅና፡ ዚአነ፡ ወስኮ፡ አሚነ፡ ወሃይማኖተ፡ ተናገር፡ ውስተ፡ ልቡ፡ በእንተ፡ አብያተ፡ ክርስቲያናቲከ፡ ሀቦ፡ ሰላመ፡ የሐሊ፡ ሠናየ፡ በእንቲአነ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሕዝብከ፡ ከመ፡ ንሕነኒ፡ ዕሩፈ፡ ነሀሉ፡ በሰላም፡ ወንሕየው፡ በፈሪሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወበኂሩት፡ ንትረከብ። በፍቁር፡ ወልድከ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ በል።","english":"Concerning the King.\n\nY. K. And again we beseech you, say: O Lord of lords and King of kings, concerning the kingdom of your servant, the beloved of God, our King Ḫayla Śellāsē, that his kingdom may be preserved in righteousness and peace, in all seasons. O Lord, our God. Y. D. Pray concerning the King. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. K. O Lord, our God, the holder of all who rules over the whole world, the Father of our Lord and Savior ʾIyāsus Kərestos, Lord of lords and King of kings, we ask you and beseech you concerning the kingdom of your servant, the beloved of God, our King Ḫayla Śellāsē; preserve it in peace and righteousness, as the apple of the eye, and with the shadow of your wings cover him. Y. D. Have mercy on us. Y. Ḥ. O Lord, have mercy on our King Ḫayla Śellāsē. Y. K. Grant him victory over his enemy beneath his feet, as many a peace, grant him in all things and in all his journeys, for many days and for many years, and for abundant seasons, for joy and for our tranquility, and until our faith and belief are planted in his heart. Concerning the churches of your Christians, grant him peace, that he may do good for us and for all your people, that we also may be long-lived in peace and live in the fear of God and in goodness we may be found, through the love of your Son, our Lord and Savior ʾIyāsus Kərestos, who is yours. Say.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Y. K.' (ይ፡ ካ፡) and similar abbreviations (Y. D., Y. Ḥ.) mark liturgical cues for the celebrant or congregation, structuring the prayer as a series of intercessory responses.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ንጉሥነ፡ ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our King Ḫayla Śellāsē' refers to Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (r. 1930–1974), whose throne name means 'Power of the Trinity.' His inclusion indicates a post-1930 date for this recension.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"source edition: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመ፡ ብንተ፡ ዓይን፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'as the apple of the eye' echoes Deuteronomy 32:10 (LXX) and Proverbs 7:2, a biblical metaphor for special protection, here applied to the king's kingdom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ንጉሥ","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a prayer for the Ethiopian monarch, reflecting the traditional role of the liturgy in invoking divine protection for the ruler, a practice common in Geʿez royal supplications.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The invocation 'Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ' parallels the opening of the Nicene Creed, a standard Christological formula in Geʿez liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ።","severity":"caution","text":"The rubric 'Y. D. Have mercy on us' is ambiguous: 'Y. D.' may stand for a deacon's cue, but the abbreviation is not fully explained in the source edition, leaving the liturgical role uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviations Y. K., Y. D., Y. Ḥ. are not explicitly defined in the source; they likely denote different liturgical participants (e.g., priest, deacon, congregation) but their exact referents remain uncertain.","The phrase 'who is yours' (ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡) at the end is syntactically ambiguous, possibly a doxological formula or a truncated cue."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"በእንተ፡ ሰላም።\n\nይ፡ ካ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ናስተበቍዖ፡ በል። በእንተ፡ ሰላም፡ ለቅድስት፡ አሐቲ፡ እንተ፡ በኵለሄ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ከመ፡ ብዙኀ፡ ሰላመ፡ ይጸጉ፡ ላዕለ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ኖሎት፡ ወአሕዛብ። ውእቱ፡ ወሃቤ፡ ሰላም፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ጸልዩ፡ በእንተ፡ ሰላም። ይ፡ ሕ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት። ይ፡ ካ፡ እወ፡ እግዚኦ፡ አምላክነ፡ አኃዜ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘይነግሥ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ አቡሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ንስእለከ፡ ወናስተበቍዐከ፡ በእንተ፡ ሰላም፡ ንጉሠ፡ ሰላም፡ ሰላመከ፡ ሀበነ፡ እስመ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወሀብከነ፡ አጥርየነ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወዕሥየነ፡ እስመ፡ ዘእንበሌከ፡ በዕድ፡ አልቦ፡ ዘነአምር፡ ስመከ፡ ቅዱሰ፡ ንሰሚ፡ ወንጼውዕ፡ አንተ፡ ዘእምሰማያት፡ ሰላመከ፡ ፈኑ፡ ውስተ፡ አልባቢነ፡ ለኵልነ። ይ፡ ዲ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ሕ፡ እግዚኦ፡ ተሣሃለነ። ይ፡ ካ፡ ወንብረተነኒ፡ በዝ፡ ዓለም፡ በሰላም፡ ጸግወነ፡ ለንጉሠ፡ ዛቲ፡ ምድር፡ ሰላመ፡ የሐሊ፡ በእንቲአነ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ኵሉ፡ ሕዝብከ፡ መኳንንተኒ፡ ወአሕዛበ፡ አግዋረነ፡ በአተነ፡ ወፀአተነ፡ በሰላም፡ ዕቀብ፡ ከመ፡ በዳኅና፡ ወበዕረፍት፡ ሕይወተ፡ እንዘ፡ ነሐዩ፡ በኵሉ፡ አምልኮ፡ ሠናይ፡ በፈሪሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወበኂሩት፡ ንትረከብ፡ በዋሕድ፡ ወልድከ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘቦቱ፡ ለከ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ወምስለ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መንፈስ፡ ስብሐት፡ ወመለኮት፡ ወክብር፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"Concerning Peace.\n\nY. K. And again we beseech you, say: Concerning peace for the one holy Church, that abundant peace may be granted over all peoples and nations. He is the giver of peace, the Lord our God. Y. D. Pray concerning peace. Y. Ḥ. Our Father who art in heaven. Y. K. O Lord our God, holder of all who rules over all the world, Father of our Lord and Saviour ʿIyāsūs Krīstōs, we ask you and beseech you concerning peace: King of peace, give us your peace, for you have given us all. Strengthen us, O Lord, and help us, for without you there is none who knows your holy name. We hear and proclaim: you who are from heaven, send your peace into the hearts of all of us. Y. D. Have mercy on us. Y. Ḥ. O Lord, have mercy on us. Y. K. And grant us our dwelling in this world in peace. For the king of this land, may peace be upon us and upon all your people, the nobles and the nations. Guard our going out and our coming in in peace, that in tranquillity and rest of life, while we live, in all good worship, in the fear of the Lord and in love, we may be found with your only Son, our Lord and Saviour ʿIyāsūs Krīstōs, to whom with you and with the Holy Spirit are praise, kingdom, and glory, now and forever and unto ages of ages. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ይ፡ ካ፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'Y. K.' (ይ፡ ካ፡) likely marks a prayer leader's part, while 'Y. D.' and 'Y. Ḥ.' indicate responses, structuring the litany.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሰላም","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'ሰላም' (salam) means 'peace' but also carries connotations of well-being and salvation in liturgical contexts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'our Lord and Saviour ʿIyāsūs Krīstōs' echoes New Testament titles for Jesus, common in Ethiopic liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ንጉሠ፡ ዛቲ፡ ምድር","severity":"info","text":"The prayer for 'the king of this land' reflects the historical context of the Ethiopian monarchy, likely Emperor Haile Selassie, as seen in the previous passage.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ዘበሰማያት","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Our Father who art in heaven' parallels the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9), a standard element in Christian liturgies.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"አሜን","severity":"info","text":"The concluding 'Amen' is a standard liturgical response, affirming the prayer's acceptance in the Ethiopic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The rubric 'Y. K.' may abbreviate a name or title, but its exact referent is uncertain; it likely indicates a liturgical role."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"This supplication is not edited in , but attested in manuscripts. ጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ እለ፡ ያበውኡ፡ መባአ፡\n\nThis supplication is not edited in , but attested in manuscripts. ጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ ጳጳስነ፡\n\nThis supplication is not edited in , but attested in manuscripts. ጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ ማኅበር፡","english":"Supplication concerning those who bring offerings.\n\nSupplication concerning our bishop.\n\nSupplication concerning the congregation.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage consists of three separate supplication headings, each introduced by the formula 'Supplication concerning' (ጸሎት በእንተ). The sequence moves from offerings to bishop to congregation, suggesting a liturgical ordering.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ጳጳስ","severity":"info","text":"ጳጳስ (pāpās) is a Geʿez loanword from Greek πάπας, meaning 'bishop'. It is distinct from 'abun' (father) and denotes a higher ecclesiastical office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The source edition notes that this supplication is not edited in the base manuscript but is attested in other manuscripts, indicating textual fluidity in the liturgical tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4711Mastabqwe","label":"betmas: Supplications","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4711Mastabqwe"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The three headings reflect the liturgical concern for material support (offerings), hierarchical leadership (bishop), and communal unity (congregation), typical of Ethiopic anaphoral intercessions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text repeats the same editorial note for each heading, leaving unclear whether the three supplications are separate or part of a single prayer unit."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}