{"slug":"LIT4315Miracles","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT4315Miracles","title":"Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:10Z","cost_usd":0.002046},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT4315Miracles","work_id":"LIT4315Miracles","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":329,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":20,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":7,"work_notes":6,"external_links":3,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT4315Miracles","abstract":"The Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos is an anonymous hagiographic collection in Geʿez recounting posthumous miracles attributed to the saint ʾEwosṭātewos, a key figure in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The work survives in a single manuscript witness (betmas) and lacks a critical edition. Internal references suggest a composition after the 14th century, but no firm date or author is known. The text is used liturgically, likely on the saint's feast day, though specific usage is undocumented. It may compile earlier oral or written traditions, and its attribution to ʾEwosṭātewos is traditional.","historical_context":"The Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos belongs to the rich hagiographic tradition of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, which flourished from the 14th century onward. ʾEwosṭātewos (Eustathius) was a 14th-century monastic leader from Armenia who settled in Ethiopia, founding the monastery of Dabra ʾAsbo (later Dabra Libanos) and advocating for strict observance of the Sabbath. His cult grew after his death, and miracle collections were composed to promote his veneration. The text survives in Geʿez, the classical liturgical language of Ethiopia, and is transmitted in a single manuscript (betmas) without a critical apparatus, limiting knowledge of its textual history. The work likely circulated in monastic and liturgical settings, read on the saint's feast day (probably 23rd of the month of Miyazya). The lack of multiple witnesses and a critical edition hinders assessment of scribal interventions or the work's original form.","significance":"The Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos is a key witness to the post-14th-century development of Ethiopian hagiography and the cult of ʾEwosṭātewos. It reflects the intersection of Armenian and Ethiopian monastic traditions and the use of miracle collections for liturgical and devotional purposes. The work relates to other Ethiopian hagiographies, such as the Gadla ʾEwosṭātewos, and to broader Christian miracle collections like the Miracula Demetrii.","timeline":[{"date":"14th c.","event":"Life of ʾEwosṭātewos; foundation of Dabra ʾAsbo monastery."},{"date":"Post-14th c.","event":"Composition of the Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos (internal evidence)."},{"date":"Undated","event":"Manuscript witness (betmas) copied; no critical edition exists."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Source edition (betmas) published based on single witness."}],"relations":[{"work":"Gadla ʾEwosṭātewos","relation":"Companion hagiography; same saint, different genre (acts vs. miracles)","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos","label":"gap dossier: Life of ʾEwosṭātewos (recension β)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos"},{"work":"Miracula Demetrii","relation":"Parallel genre: Greek miracle collection of a saint","key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Saint Demetrius (Books 1 and 2)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-miracula-demetrii"},{"work":"Taʾammərā Maryam","relation":"Similar Ethiopian miracle collection, but for the Virgin Mary","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam","label":"gap dossier: Miracles of Mary (Taʾammǝra Māryām)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-taammera-maryam"},{"work":"De miraculis Thomae","relation":"Latin miracle collection of an apostle, comparable genre","key":"dossier:latin-de-miraculis-thomae","label":"gap dossier: The Miracles of the Blessed Apostle Thomas (Latin)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-de-miraculis-thomae"},{"work":"Homily on the Annunciation and Incarnation","relation":"Another anonymous Ethiopic liturgical text","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-homily-annunciation-incarnation","label":"gap dossier: Homily on the Annunciation and the Incarnation (eight-part homily cycle read within the Miracles of Mary)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-homily-annunciation-incarnation"}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"Source edition of the Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles","reason":"Primary edition used for this dossier."},{"key":"ed:LIT4315Miracles","label":"Edition record for the work","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles","reason":"Bibliographic reference for the source edition."},{"key":"hollis:alma990009039600203941","label":"Manuscript witness (example)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990009039600203941","reason":"Example of a manuscript containing related hagiography."}],"cautions":["The work is undated; internal evidence only suggests a post-14th-century composition.","Authorship is anonymous and traditional; no external confirmation exists.","The source edition (betmas) is based on a single manuscript witness, limiting textual criticism.","No critical edition or stemma is available; scribal interventions cannot be assessed.","Specific liturgical use is undocumented in the source edition."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000538,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:17:55Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT4315Miracles","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":20,"english_words":39,"source_letters":90,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a hagiographic collection of miracles attributed to ʾEwosṭātewos, a prominent saint in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives in Geʿez manuscripts, with the source edition (betmas) based on a single witness; no critical edition of multiple witnesses exists.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos are read in the Ethiopian liturgical context, likely on the saint’s feast day, but specific liturgical use is not documented in the source edition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos","label":"gap dossier: Life of ʾEwosṭātewos (recension β)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is anonymous and undated; internal references suggest a post-14th-century composition, but no firm terminus ante quem is established.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (betmas) does not provide a critical apparatus or textual variants, limiting the ability to assess scribal interventions or manuscript stemma.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to ʾEwosṭātewos is traditional; no external evidence confirms authorship, and the work may be a compilation of earlier oral or written traditions.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos","label":"gap dossier: Life of ʾEwosṭātewos (recension β)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT4315Miracles":{"label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"},"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos":{"label":"gap dossier: Life of ʾEwosṭātewos (recension β)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos"},"ed:LIT4315Miracles":{"label":"source edition: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"First miracle\n\n296\n\nወሶበ፡ ተመይጠ፡ እምአርማንያ፡ አቡነ፡ ኤዎስጣቴዎስ፡ ውስተ፡ ብሔረ፡ ኢትዮጵያ፡\n\nውእቱኬ፡ ጸዋሬ፡ መስቀል፡ ዘቃል፡ ከያዴ፡ ባሕር፡ ወማዕበል፡ በኀይለ፡ አማኑኤል፡ ውኩል።\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the saint's heavenly journey from Armenia\nTuraiev no. 1\n\nOn the woman who could observe the Sabbath\nTuraiev no. 2\n\nOn the vision of the widow Burǝkt Māryām\nTuraiev no. 3\n\nOn the evil man who was saved by the saint\nTuraiev no. 4\n\nMiracle 5\nTuraiev no. 5\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: how the people of Armenia saw the saint walking on the sea\nEMML 1636 2.4\n\nGabra Krǝstos ordered his son Taʾamāni Baʾǝgziʾ to observe the saint's commemoration\nEMML 1636 2.5","english":"First miracle\n\nWhen our father ʾEwosṭātewos was summoned from Armenia into the land of Ethiopia,\n\nhe is the bearer of the cross of the covenant, who tramples the sea and the storm by the power of ʾAmanuʾel, the All-Powerful.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወሶበ፡ ተመይጠ፡ እምአርማንያ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'When he was summoned from Armenia' marks the beginning of the first miracle, establishing a narrative frame of the saint's relocation.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጸዋሬ፡ መስቀል፡ ዘቃል፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'bearer of the cross of the covenant' is a distinctive epithet for ʾEwosṭātewos, linking him to a specific relic or symbolic role.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"እምአርማንያ፡","severity":"info","text":"Armenia is the traditional origin of ʾEwosṭātewos in hagiography, reflecting the saint's historical connection to Armenian monasticism.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos","label":"gap dossier: Life of ʾEwosṭātewos (recension β)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ውእቱኬ፡ ጸዋሬ፡ መስቀል፡","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'bearer of the cross' is echoed in later Ethiopian liturgical texts, indicating the saint's veneration as a cross-bearing ascetic.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወሶበ፡ ተመይጠ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez verb 'was summoned' may imply a divine or ecclesiastical command, but the exact agency is ambiguous in the text.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'was summoned from Armenia' does not specify who summoned the saint, leaving open whether it was a human authority or a divine call.","The epithet 'bearer of the cross of the covenant' may refer to a specific relic or a metaphorical role, but the text does not clarify."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"how Taʾammino Baʾǝgziʾ ordered his son Bǝrhāna Masqal to observe the saint's commemoration\nEMML 1636 2.6\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: The saint and Bǝrhana Masqal\nTuraiev no. 6\n\nThe sick monk in Dabra Māryām under ʾAbuna ʾAbsādi\nTuraiev no. 7\n\nA monk from Dabra Libānos, i.e., a follower of ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot, tells Gabra Bǝrhān, the governor of Goǧǧām (Gwazzān Nagāśi), about the greatness of Mār ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 8 EMML 1636 2.7\n\nA priest monk is saved from his enemy, who wanted to take his office by slandering him to the King\nEMML 1636 2.8","english":"how Taʾammino Baʾǝgziʾ ordered his son Bǝrhāna Masqal to observe the saint's commemoration\nEMML 1636 2.6\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: The saint and Bǝrhana Masqal\nTuraiev no. 6\n\nThe sick monk in Dabra Māryām under ʾAbuna ʾAbsādi\nTuraiev no. 7\n\nA monk from Dabra Libānos, i.e., a follower of ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot, tells Gabra Bǝrhān, the governor of Goǧǧām (Gwazzān Nagāśi), about the greatness of Mār ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 8 EMML 1636 2.7\n\nA priest monk is saved from his enemy, who wanted to take his office by slandering him to the King\nEMML 1636 2.8","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage lists five miracle titles, each keyed to Turaiev numbers or EMML folios, forming a table of contents for the second part of the collection.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Taʾammino Baʾǝgziʾ","severity":"info","text":"Taʾammino Baʾǝgziʾ is a Geʿez name meaning 'Faith in the Lord,' likely a royal or noble figure; the phrase 'ordered his son Bǝrhāna Masqal' indicates a command to establish the saint's commemoration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Dabra Māryām","severity":"info","text":"Dabra Māryām is a monastery in Ethiopia, often associated with the ʾAbsādi lineage; the mention of ʾAbuna ʾAbsādi situates this miracle within a specific monastic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Dabra Libānos","severity":"info","text":"Dabra Libānos is a major Ethiopian monastery linked to ʾAbuna Takla Hāymānot; the reference to a 'follower' highlights inter-monastic relations and the spread of ʾEwosṭātewos' cult.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Turaiev numbers (6–8) and EMML folio references (2.6–2.8) show that this passage is a modern scholarly apparatus, not part of the original Geʿez manuscript, used for cataloging miracles.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft is a direct transliteration of the Geʿez titles, not a full translation; the narrative content of each miracle is absent, so the passage functions as a list rather than a story.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between the Turaiev numbers and the EMML folios is unclear; they may represent different manuscript traditions or cataloging systems.","The phrase 'how Taʾammino Baʾǝgziʾ ordered his son' could imply a historical event or a hagiographic trope; the Geʿez does not clarify the historicity."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"A man from Axum is saved from heavy rain and thunderstorms\nTuraiev no. 9 EMML 1636 2.9\n\nOn the blind woman from ʾAksum who recovered her sight\nTuraiev no. 10\n\nThe abbot who was imprisoned unjustly\nEMML 1636 2.11\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the people of a certain district of Ethiopia who never suffered from drought or famine\nTuraiev no. 11\n\nThe ruler who tried to take stones from the tomb of the saint for a building\nTuraiev no. 12\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the sick who was healed and on his daughter who had a snake in her womb\nTuraiev no. 13","english":"A man from Axum is saved from heavy rain and thunderstorms\nTuraiev no. 9 EMML 1636 2.9\n\nOn the blind woman from ʾAksum who recovered her sight\nTuraiev no. 10\n\nThe abbot who was imprisoned unjustly\nEMML 1636 2.11\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the people of a certain district of Ethiopia who never suffered from drought or famine\nTuraiev no. 11\n\nThe ruler who tried to take stones from the tomb of the saint for a building\nTuraiev no. 12\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the sick who was healed and on his daughter who had a snake in her womb\nTuraiev no. 13","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a list of miracle titles, each corresponding to a numbered entry in Turaiev and EMML 1636. The sequence is narrative in genre but presented as a catalogue.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The miracles are set in various Ethiopian locations (Axum, Dabra Māryām, Dabra Libānos) and involve figures like Bǝrhāna Masqal and Gabra Bǝrhān, reflecting the saint's cult in the Goǧǧām region.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos","label":"gap dossier: Life of ʾEwosṭātewos (recension β)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anon-gadla-ewostatewos"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The numbering (Turaiev no. 9–13) indicates that these miracles were collected and catalogued by Boris Turaiev in the early 20th century, shaping modern scholarly access.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4315Miracles","label":"source edition: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The titles are abbreviated summaries; the Geʿez text may contain fuller narratives or variant details not captured here. Cross-reference with the manuscript is advised.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact relationship between the Turaiev numbers and the EMML 1636 foliation is not specified; some entries may overlap or be misaligned."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"The monk of Dabra Bizan who was taken captive by slave hunters while he was fetching water\nEMML 1636 2.14\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the woman from Šawā tells her mother to venerate ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 14\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the monks of Dabra Libanos venerate ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 15\n\nOn constructing a church\nTuraiev no. 16\n\nTuraiev no. 17\n\nOn the broken prayer staff\nTuraiev no. 17 first part\n\nOn the death of ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 17 second part\n\nʾEwosṭātewos and Warāsina ʾƎgziʾ\n\nOn the rich monk and the locusts\n\nOn ʾAbdabal the sinner","english":"The monk of Dabra Bizan who was taken captive by slave hunters while he was fetching water\nEMML 1636 2.14\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the woman from Šawā tells her mother to venerate ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 14\n\nMiracle of ʾEwosṭātewos: the monks of Dabra Libanos venerate ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 15\n\nOn constructing a church\nTuraiev no. 16\n\nTuraiev no. 17\n\nOn the broken prayer staff\nTuraiev no. 17 first part\n\nOn the death of ʾEwosṭātewos\nTuraiev no. 17 second part\n\nʾEwosṭātewos and Warāsina ʾƎgziʾ\n\nOn the rich monk and the locusts\n\nOn ʾAbdabal the sinner","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a list of miracle titles or incipits, not a continuous narrative. It corresponds to the end of the collection, following Turaiev nos. 9–11 and preceding the final entries.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The titles reference Turaiev numbers and EMML 1636 folios, indicating the source edition (betmas) compiled these from manuscript witnesses. The numbering suggests a standard sequence in the Ethiopic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Dabra Bizan and Dabra Libanos are prominent Ethiopian monasteries. Dabra Bizan is associated with the ʾEwosṭātewos tradition, while Dabra Libanos is a major center of Ethiopian monasticism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Warāsina ʾƎgziʾ","severity":"info","text":"Warāsina ʾƎgziʾ is a title meaning 'Our Lord Jesus' in Geʿez, used in the context of a miracle involving ʾEwosṭātewos and Christ.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The entry 'Turaiev no. 17' appears twice, once as a heading and once split into two parts. This may reflect a scribal duplication or a structural ambiguity in the source manuscript.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4315Miracles","label":"betmas: Miracles of ʾEwosṭātewos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4315Miracles"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between the two entries for Turaiev no. 17 is unclear: they may be separate miracles or a single miracle with two episodes.","The final three entries ('On the rich monk and the locusts', 'On ʾAbdabal the sinner') lack Turaiev numbers, possibly indicating they are later additions or from a different manuscript tradition."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}