{"slug":"LIT4049GadlaAl","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","title":"Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:53:09Z","cost_usd":0.005928},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","work_id":"LIT4049GadlaAl","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"},"stats":{"passages":10,"english_words":1442,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":55,"commentary_kinds":9,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":19,"work_notes":4,"external_links":4,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT4049GadlaAl","abstract":"The hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos is a Geʿez text preserved in a single 18th-century manuscript from Däbrä Ṭabur monastery. It claims the saint lived under Emperor ʾAmdä Ṣəyon (r. 1314–1344), but this is uncorroborated externally. The dossier is read on Mäskäräm 12 in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church but is not in the standard synaxarion. The source edition (betmas) lacks critical apparatus, and the manuscript's lacunae and marginalia remain unstudied. The text includes a regnal list, a poem, and a miracle narrative, with ambiguous phrases such as 'Peter and Paul of Thessalonica' and 'ፈቲነ ብርዕ'.","historical_context":"The dossier is transmitted in Geʿez, the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church, and survives in a single manuscript copied in the 18th century at Däbrä Ṭabur monastery. The text internally dates ʾAlāniqos to the reign of ʾAmdä Ṣəyon (1314–1344), a period of Solomonic dynasty consolidation and cultural flourishing, but no external evidence confirms the saint's historicity. The hagiography may be a later composition, possibly from the 15th–18th centuries, reflecting the genre's tendency to retroject saints into earlier eras. The dossier's liturgical use on Mäskäräm 12, outside the standard synaxarion, suggests local veneration. The manuscript's unstudied lacunae and marginalia, along with the edition's lack of critical apparatus, limit historical analysis. The inclusion of a regnal list (Years of the Kings of Aksum) is a common hagiographic framing device in Ethiopian tradition.","significance":"The ʾAlāniqos dossier is significant as a rare witness to local Ethiopian hagiography outside the canonical synaxarion, illustrating how regional saints were venerated. Its ambiguous phrases (e.g., 'Peter and Paul of Thessalonica') and unstudied manuscript features offer opportunities for textual criticism and historical reconstruction of Ethiopian Christian traditions. The text's composite structure—regnal list, poem, miracle narrative—exemplifies typical hagiographic conventions.","timeline":[{"date":"14th c.","event":"ʾAlāniqos claimed to have lived during the reign of ʾAmdä Ṣəyon (r. 1314–1344)."},{"date":"18th c.","event":"Sole known Geʿez manuscript copied at Däbrä Ṭabur monastery."},{"date":"Undated","event":"Composition of the hagiographic dossier (possibly 15th–18th c.)."},{"date":"Undated","event":"Dossier read on feast day Mäskäräm 12 in Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church."}],"relations":[{"work":"Synaxarion of the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church","relation":"Not included in the standard synaxarion, indicating local rather than universal veneration.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Years of the Kings of Aksum","relation":"Prefixed regnal list is a traditional Ethiopian historical source used in hagiographies.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Gadla (hagiographic) genre","relation":"Part of the broader Geʿez hagiographic tradition, with typical composite structure.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"Edition of the ʾAlāniqos dossier (betmas)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl","reason":"Primary source edition, though lacking critical apparatus."},{"key":"ed:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"Manuscript record for LIT4049GadlaAl","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl","reason":"Reference for the manuscript's existence and provenance."},{"key":"wikipedia:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","label":"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church","reason":"Context for the religious community that preserves the text."},{"key":"wikipedia:Amda Seyon I","label":"Amda Seyon I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amda_Seyon_I","reason":"Emperor during whose reign the saint is claimed to have lived."}],"cautions":["The saint's historicity is uncorroborated; the hagiography may be a later composition.","The sole manuscript is 18th-century, but the text's composition date is unknown (possibly 15th–18th c.).","The source edition (betmas) lacks critical apparatus; manuscript lacunae and marginalia are unstudied.","The phrase 'Peter and Paul of Thessalonica' is ambiguous and may be a corruption.","The Geʿez term 'ፈቲነ ብርዕ' has uncertain meaning ('clever deed', 'interpretation', or 'riddle')."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000532,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:51:25Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT4049GadlaAl","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":10,"translated":10,"commentary_passages":10,"commentary_units":55,"english_words":1442,"source_letters":3102,"commentary_kinds":9},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole known Geʿez manuscript of the ʾAlāniqos dossier is preserved in the Däbrä Ṭabur monastery library, copied in the 18th century.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The text claims ʾAlāniqos lived during the reign of ʾAmdä Ṣəyon (r. 1314–1344), but no external corroboration exists; the hagiography may be a later composition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"source edition: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The dossier is read on the saint’s feast day (Mäskäräm 12) in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo Church, but it is not included in the standard synaxarion.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (betmas) provides no critical apparatus or variant readings; the manuscript’s lacunae and marginalia remain unstudied.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 10 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":10},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl":{"label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"},"ed:LIT4049GadlaAl":{"label":"source edition: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"The following division into textparts and excerpts are taken from .\n\nChronology of the Ethiopian kings\n\nዓመታተ፡ ነገሥታተ፡ አክሱም፡ ዘአርዌ፡ ፬፻ ዓመት። ዘብእሲ፡ አንገቦ፡ ዘሰደዶ፡ ለአርዌ፡\nወቀተሎ፡ ፪፻ ዓመት፡ ዘግዱሕ፡ ዘበኑኅ፡ ፶ ዓመት፡ ዘሰበዶ፡ በሰበዶ፡ ፶ ዓመት። በአክሱም፡ ዓመት፡ ዘቀዋሰያ፡\nማግዳ፡ ፶ ዓመት።\n\nShort poem in honour of ʾAlāniqos\n\nፈቲነ፡ ብርዕ፡ በእለተ፡ ሰኑይ፡ በስምረተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዕፁብ፡ ገድልከ፡ ለዘይሰምኦ፡ በጥያቄ። አላኒቆስ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡ ወጳውሎስ፡ ዘተሰሎንቄ። ምስለ፡ እግዚእከ፡ ከመ፡\nትኩነነ፡ አራቄ።\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos moved the tree for the central pillar of the church built\nby ʾAbbā Tomās\nin Dabra Ṣalay.\n\nበስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሥሉስ፡ ወበስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ህልው፡ እምቅደመ፡ ይትፈጠር፡\nዓለም፡ ዘአለብወኒ፡ ወአጐሥዓኒ፡ ለጺሒፈ፡ ተአምረ፡ ዜና፡ ገድሉ፡ ለብፁእ፡ ወለቅዱስ፡ ኅሩይ፡ መስተጋድል፡ አቡነ፡\nአላኒቆስ፡ በረከተ፡ ጸጋሁ፡ ወኃይለ፡ ረዲኤቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ገብረ፡\nእግዚአብሔር፡ ገብረ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ወምስለ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ደቂቁ፡ ለዝንቱ፡\nጻድቅ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ለአለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"Years of the Kings of Aksum: of the Serpent, 400 years; of the Man Angabo, who drove out the Serpent and killed it, 200 years; of Geduh of Banukh, 50 years; of Sabado of Sabado, 50 years; in Aksum, the year of Qawasaya Magda, 50 years.\n\nA clever deed on the day of Monday, by the grace of God: wonderful is your deed for him who hears it with inquiry. ʾAlāniqos, Peter and Paul of Thessalonica, with your Lord, as you were a vessel of the four.\n\nIn the name of God, the Trinity, and in the name of God, the Eternal, before the creation of the world, who emboldened and strengthened me to write the account of the miracle and the story of the struggle of the blessed, holy, chosen, and struggling ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos. May the blessing of his grace and the power of his help be with the servant of God, the servant of the Trinity, and with all the children of this righteous ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a composite of three distinct textparts: a chronological list of Aksumite kings, a short poem in honor of ʾAlāniqos, and a narrative introduction to a miracle story. The structural classification from Coptic cues is narrative, but the first two parts are not narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The chronological list of Aksumite kings (Years of the Kings of Aksum) is a traditional Ethiopian regnal list, often prefixed to hagiographies to provide historical context. The figures (Serpent, Angabo, etc.) are legendary.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ጴጥሮስ ወጳውሎስ ዘተሰሎንቄ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Peter and Paul of Thessalonica' is unusual; it may identify ʾAlāniqos with the apostles Peter and Paul as patrons of Thessalonica, or it could be a corruption. The Geʿez text is ambiguous.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft translates 'ፈቲነ ብርዕ' as 'A clever deed', but the Geʿez could also mean 'a clever interpretation' or 'a clever riddle'. The sense is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The closing invocation for the blessing of ʾAlāniqos to be with the servant of God and all the children of the righteous ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos reflects the liturgical use of such hagiographies for communal blessing.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The chronological list may be a later addition; its relationship to the hagiography is unclear.","The phrase 'Peter and Paul of Thessalonica' is ambiguous: it may refer to a specific local tradition or be a textual corruption.","The meaning of 'ፈቲነ ብርዕ' is uncertain; it could be 'clever deed' or 'clever interpretation'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ተአምር፡ ወዓብይ፡ ገድል፡ ዘገብረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ጸድቅ፡ ወመስተጋድል፡ ኅሩይ፡\nዕንቈ፡ ባሕርይ፡ ባሕርያ፡ ወጽዱለ፡ ገጽ፡ ከመ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወላዴ፡ አእላፍ፡ ኮከብ፡ ጽባሐዊ፡ ወሰርግው፡ መርዓዊ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ዘአርአየ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡\nውስተ፡ ደብረ፡ ጸለይ። ዘውእቱ፡ መቅደሰ፡ ወልዱ፡ ቶማስ።\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos miraculously repaired a broken vase that belonged to a\nmonk of Dabra Ṣalay.\n\nወደገመ፡ ገብረ፡ ተአምር፡ ወመንክረ፡ ዕፀብ፡ በእለተ፡ እኁድ፡ ሰንበት፡ እንዘ፡ ሀለዉ፡ አበው፡ ተጋዚኦሙ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡\nክርስቲያን። መልአ፡ ቀሱት፡ ዘቤተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ዘይሰትይዎ፡ መነኮሳት፡ ዘይእቲ፡ ደብር። ወነበረ፡\n፩ መነኮስ፡ ዘደብረ፡ ጸለይ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለአቡነ፡ ቶማስ፡ ወሶበ፡ መልአ፡ ለቀሱት፡ ተሰብረ፡\nወኮነ፡ ክልኤ፡ ክፍለ፡ ወተክዕወ፡ ምዝር።\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos provided bread to ʾAbbā Tomās on a Sunday when there was\nno flour in the convent.","english":"A miracle and great deed which this righteous and ascetic chosen one performed: a precious stone by nature, pure of face like the sun, parent of thousands of stars, morning and evening, nuptial. Our father ʾAlāniqos, who showed forth while he was on Dabra Ṣalay, which is the sanctuary of his son Tomās.\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos miraculously repaired a broken vase that belonged to a monk of Dabra Ṣalay.\n\nAnd he performed a work of miracle and wonder on the day of the first sabbath, while the fathers were gathered in the church. He filled the cup of the sabbath house which the monks of that mountain drink, and there was a monk of Dabra Ṣalay, the son of ʾAbuna Tomās, and when he filled the cup, it broke and became two pieces, and the wine spilled.\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos provided bread to ʾAbbā Tomās on a Sunday when there was no flour in the convent.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a laudatory epithet sequence before the first narrative unit, a common hagiographic convention that separates the two miracle accounts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ተአምር","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term tāʿammǝr (miracle) is paired with gādǝl (deed), forming a standard hagiographic formula that introduces the saint's wonder-working.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ደብረ ጸለይ","severity":"info","text":"Dabra Ṣalay is a monastic site associated with ʾAlāniqos and his spiritual son Tomās; its identification in the Ethiopian highlands is uncertain but it appears consistently in this dossier.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft conflates two distinct miracle accounts under a single heading; the Geʿez clearly separates them with the formula 'How ...' before each, and the second narrative is missing from the draft.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ቀሱት","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez qasūt (cup) is a liturgical vessel; its breaking and miraculous repair echoes common hagiographic topoi of restored sacred objects.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between ʾAlāniqos and Tomās is described as 'son' (wǝldu), which may be biological or spiritual; the dossier elsewhere suggests a spiritual father-son bond.","The phrase 'first sabbath' (ʾǝḫūd sänbät) could refer to the first day of the week (Sunday) or the first Sabbath of a liturgical period; the context of a church gathering favors Sunday."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለአቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡\nምስለ፡ ገብሩ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወካእበ፡ ገብረ፡ ዓቢየ፡ ገድለ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ሶበ፡ ተመይጠ፡ ኀበ፡ ደብሩ፡ ፈጺሞ፡ መፍቅደ፡ ሕሊናሁ፡ ወጻሕቀ፡ ልቡ፡ ለወልዱ፡ ወፍቁሩ፡ አባ፡ ቶማስ፡\nዘደብረ፡ ጸለይ፡\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos restored to life\na cow that belonged to the convent and had been killed by a lion.\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ለአቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ደቂቀ፡ ማኅበር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወመጽአ፡ አኃተ፡ ዕለት፡ አንበሳ፡ ወቀተለ፡ ብዕራየ፡ ዘቤተ፡ ማኅበር፡ ወመጽአ፡ ሐረባሳዊ፡ ኀበ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ወነገሮ፡ በከመ፡ ቀተሎ፡ ለላህም፡\nዘቤተ፡ ማኅበር፡ በጊዜ፡ ፱ ሰዓት። ወበጽሐ፡ ጊዜ፡ አዕርጎ፡ ዕጣን፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን። ወይቤሎ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ለሐረሳዊ፡\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos converted 557 idolaters from Qāgmā.","english":"His miracle. May the prayer and blessing of our father ʾAlāniqos be with his servant for ever and ever. Amen. And a great and mighty deed of our father ʾAlāniqos: when he had gone to his mountain, having completed the measure of his thought and his heart being pure for his son and beloved, abba Tōmās of Dabra Ṣalay.\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos restored to life a cow that belonged to the convent and had been killed by a lion.\n\nHis miracle. May the prayer and blessing of our father ʾAlāniqos be with the children of the community for ever and ever. Amen. And a certain day came; a lion came and killed a cow of the convent. And the steward came to our father ʾAlāniqos and told him how it had killed the cow of the convent at the ninth hour. And the time for offering incense in the church arrived. And our father ʾAlāniqos said to the steward:\n\nHow ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos converted 557 idolaters from Qāgmā.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ ለአቡነ አላኒቆስ","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a formulaic miracle heading, repeated for each episode, marking a clear structural division between narratives.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሐረባሳዊ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ḥarābasāwi, here translated 'steward', likely denotes a monastic steward or oikonomos, a common administrative role in Ethiopian monasteries.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ደብረ ጸለይ","severity":"info","text":"Dabra Ṣalay is a monastic site associated with ʾAlāniqos and his spiritual son Tomās; its precise historical location is uncertain but it appears in hagiographic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"በጊዜ ፱ ሰዓት","severity":"info","text":"The mention of the 'ninth hour' (about 3 PM) situates the lion attack within the monastic daily office, likely before the incense offering.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ቀተለ ብዕራየ ዘቤተ ማኅበር","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a saint restoring a cow killed by a lion parallels other hagiographic accounts of miraculous animal resurrection, e.g., in the Life of Tekle Haymanot.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text does not specify whether the cow was a single animal or part of a herd; the translation assumes a single cow. The identity of the 'steward' (ḥarābasāwi) is not further clarified in this passage."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ለአቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡\nምስለ፡ ገብረ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወነበረ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ እንዘ፡ የዓጥን፡ በአኃቲ፡ ዕለት፡ ዘነግህ፡ ወቦ፡ ጊዜ፡ ፱ ሰዓት፡ እንበለ፡ አፅርዖ፡ ለለዕለት፡ መካነ፡\nማይ፡ በራዝዮ፡ ወመካነ፡ ቃግማ፡ ይበጽሕ፡ ኀበ፡ ክልኤሆን፡ አብያተ፡ ክርስቲያናት፡ ሰሪሮ፡ በሠረገላ፡\nመንፈስ፡ ዝንቱ፡ መንፈሳዊ፡ ጻድቅ፡ አረጋዊ፡ ወልደ፡ ንጉሥ፡ እመንግሥተ፡ አቡሁ፡\n\nMiracle of the time of ʾAkḥadom, governor of Tǝgrāy: The governor's wife,\nSolyānā, who had wrongly accused ʾAbbā Dǝmyānos of having impregnated her, is\npunished by ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, who makes her carry the child for 22 years\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ወካእበ፡ ገብረ፡ ዓቢየ፡ ገድለ፡ ዝንቱ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡\nበዘመነ፡ መኰንን፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ አክሐዶም፡ ዘውእቱ፡ ሥዩመ፡ ትግራይ፡ ዓቢይ፡ ወግሩም። ወሀለወት፡ ብእሲተ፡ ዚአሁ፡ እኪት፡ ዘማዊት፡\nቢጸ፡ ኤልዛቤል፡ ዘማ። ወጸንሰት፡ እምነ፡ አሐዱ፡ አግብርተ፡ መኰንን፡ አክሐዶም። ወነገርዎ፡ ለምታ፡ ወዓልያኒሁ፡ እንዘ፡ ይብሉ፡ ፀንሰት፡\nብእሲትከ፡ ኦእግዚኢነ። ወይቤሎሙ፡ ውእቱ፡ መኰንን፡ አክሐዶም፡ በመኑ፡\nፀንሰት፡","english":"His miracle. May the prayer and blessing of our father ʾAlāniqos be with his servant for ever and ever. Amen. And our father ʾAlāniqos was, while fasting, on a single day from dawn until the ninth hour without breaking his fast, daily, the place of water at Rāzyo and the place of Qāgmā he would reach, going around both churches, carried on a chariot of spirit. This spiritual righteous one, an elder, a king’s son from the kingdom of his father.\n\nHis miracle and a great and mighty deed of this our father ʾAlāniqos: In the time of the governor who is called ʾAkḥadom, who is the appointed one of Tǝgrāy, great and mighty. And there was his wife, an evil woman, a widow, a second Jezebel, a widow. And she conceived from one of the servants of the governor ʾAkḥadom. And they told him, slandering and falsely accusing him, saying, “Your wife has conceived, O our lord.” And the governor ʾAkḥadom said to them, “By whom has she conceived?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ወካእበ፡ ገብረ፡ ዓቢየ፡ ገድለ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a double miracle formula, marking a new narrative unit distinct from the preceding cow miracle.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"መኰንን፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ አክሐዶም፡","severity":"info","text":"ʾAkḥadom is identified as governor (makʷannǝn) of Tǝgrāy, a historical administrative title in the Ethiopian Empire.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ቢጸ፡ ኤልዛቤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The wife is called a 'second Jezebel,' invoking the biblical queen of Israel (1 Kings 16–21) as a type of wickedness and false accusation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ወነገርዎ፡ ለምታ፡ ወዓልያኒሁ፡","severity":"info","text":"The servants slander the governor by falsely accusing his wife of adultery with ʾAbbā Dǝmyānos, setting up the miracle's conflict.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"በዘመነ፡ መኰንን፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ አክሐዶም፡","severity":"info","text":"The miracle is set in the time of Governor ʾAkḥadom, a historical figure of Tǝgrāy, anchoring the hagiography in a specific political context.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ቢጸ፡ ኤልዛቤል፡ ዘማ።","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'widow, a second Jezebel, a widow' contains a possible scribal repetition or corruption; the Geʿez ዘማ። may be a dittography.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text does not specify how the wife's false accusation against ʾAbbā Dǝmyānos is resolved; the English draft implies punishment by ʾAlāniqos, but the Geʿez breaks off mid-sentence.","The phrase 'widow, a second Jezebel, a widow' may be a scribal error or an emphatic repetition."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"How a merchant called Yǝsākor who used to bring incense from his travels to\nthe church of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos is attacked by robbers who were finally blinded.\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ወካእበ፡ ገብረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ስመዓ፡\nዜና፡ ወጥዑመ፡ ስም፡ አበ፡ መነኮሳት፡ ወላዴ፡ አእላፍ፡ አምሳሊሆሙ፡ ለክልኤ፡ ነቢያት፡ በላዕለ፡ አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ነጋዲ። ወእንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ ውእቱ፡\nነጋዲ፡ መንገለ፡ ቶራት፡ መጽኡ፡ ኀቤሁ፡ ጸናሕያነ፡ ፍኖት፡ ወረከቡዎ፡ ሶበ፡ በጽሐ፡ ኀበ፡\nሀገር፡ ዘትሰመይ፡ ጺላ። ወደክመ፡ ዓድግ፡ ዘፅዑን፡ ስንቀ፡ ዚአሁ፡ በጊዜ፡ በጽሐ፡ ኀበ፡ ዛቲ፡\nሀገር፡\n\nMiracle accomplished under the reign of Wǝdǝm ʾArʿad : Healing of a blind and\nlimping boy.\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ስምዑኬ፡\nአበዊነ፡ ዘገበረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ አብ፡ ክቡር፡ ለባዊ፡ አረጋዊ፡ መንፈሳዊ፡ ጻድቅ፡ እምዘርአ፡ ቤተ፡\nመንግሥት፡ ግኁሥ፡ አምሳሊሆም፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ነቢየ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ሐዲስ፡ ከመ፡ ሄኖክ፡ ዘተአሰረ፡ በሕይወተ፡ ሥጋ፡ ወነፍስ፡ ወለኤልያስ፡\nዘኮኖ፡ መንፈስ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ቀናዒ፡ በአዕይንቲሁ፡ እስከ፡ ክሱተ፡ ይሬኢ። ዜና፡ ገድልከ፡ ኀበ፡\nሀሎ፡ ያነክር፡ ሰማዒ።","english":"How a merchant called Yǝsākor who used to bring incense from his travels to the church of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos is attacked by robbers who were finally blinded.\n\nHis miracle. And again, the deed of this our father ʾAlāniqos the righteous, whose name is renowned and whose name is great, father of monks and begetter of thousands, like unto the two prophets. There was a certain man, a merchant, and while this merchant was on the road to Torat, robbers of the way came to him and found him when he arrived at a city called Ṣila, and they plundered the goods of his load of incense at the time he reached this city.\n\nMiracle accomplished under the reign of Wǝdǝm ʾArʿad: Healing of a blind and limping boy.\n\nHis miracle. Listen, our fathers, to what this venerable father, the elder, the spiritual, the righteous, of royal lineage, the valiant one like unto them, ʾAlāniqos, prophet of the faith, new like Enoch who was bound in the life of body and soul, and like Elijah whose spirit was, ʾAlāniqos, zealous for God, with his eyes until the hidden he sees. The story of your life, where there is one who hears, is sweet.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ","severity":"info","text":"The passage begins with two distinct miracle accounts, each introduced by 'ተአምሪሁ' (His miracle), separated by a brief heading referencing King Wǝdǝm ʾArʿad.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ጻድቅ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'ጻድቅ' (ṣādeq) means 'righteous one' and is a standard epithet for saints in Ethiopic hagiography, here applied to ʾAlāniqos.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Wǝdǝm ʾArʿad","severity":"info","text":"Wǝdǝm ʾArʿad was a 14th-century emperor of Ethiopia (r. 1299–1314), providing a chronological anchor for the second miracle account.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"source edition: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመ ሄኖክ","severity":"info","text":"The comparison to Enoch (ሄኖክ) and Elijah (ኤልያስ) echoes biblical figures known for their righteousness and ascension, common in hagiographic typology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘተአሰረ በሕይወተ ሥጋ ወነፍስ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'bound in the life of body and soul' is ambiguous; it may refer to Enoch's traditional translation to heaven while alive, but the wording is unusual and could be corrupt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ስምዑኬ","severity":"info","text":"The direct address 'ስምዑኬ' (Listen, our fathers) suggests the text was intended for oral performance in a monastic or liturgical setting.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ዘተአሰረ በሕይወተ ሥጋ ወነፍስ' (bound in the life of body and soul) is unclear; it may be a garbled reference to Enoch's living assumption, but the syntax is irregular.","The heading 'Miracle accomplished under the reign of Wǝdǝm ʾArʿad' appears to introduce a separate miracle, but the following text continues with praise of ʾAlāniqos, leaving the transition ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"How ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos traversed the\nhigh waters of the Takkaze in the middle of the rainy season together with the monks who accompanied him on the\nway to Gadāma Wāli by dividing the waters\nof the river.\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ወኮነ፡\nአሐተ፡ ዕለት፡ በመዋዕለ፡ መንግስቱ፡ ለንጉሠ፡\nውድም፡ አርዓድ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ ብፁዓዊ፡ አቡነ፡ ዘሐጸነቶ፡ ጥበብ፡ ወአልሃቀቶ፡ ጸሎት፡ አላኒቆስ፡ አቡነ፡ ሐዲስ፡ ሰማዕት፡ ዘወገ፡ ማር፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡\nዘልዳ፡ ንጉሥ። አላኒቆስ፡ ስኩር፡ በጠለ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሀሎ፡ አሜሃ፡ ዘመን፡ በጺሖ፡ ገዳመ፡ ዋሊ፡ ኀበ፡ አበው፡ ቅዱሳን፡ አኃዊሁ። ከመ፡\nየሐውፆሙ፡ እስመ፡ ነበሩ፡ አሜሃ፡ ዘመን፡ በፍቅር፡ ወበሰላም፡ ወበጺሖ፡ እንዘ፡ ይገብእ፡ መንገለ፡ ደብሩ።\n\nMiracle accomplished under the reign of ʾAṣnāf Sagad; when ʾAbuna Fǝre Krǝstos\nwas abbot of the\nmonastery where the remains of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos rest: Yǝsḥaq, son of Deganā,\narrives at the convent together with his father and insults the abbot.","english":"How ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos traversed the high waters of the Takkaze in the middle of the rainy season together with the monks who accompanied him on the way to Gadāma Wāli by dividing the waters of the river.\n\nHis miracle. And it came to pass on one day in the time of the reign of King ʾArʿād, while the blessed ʾAbuna whom wisdom had embraced and prayer had joined, ʾAlāniqos, the new martyr who surpassed Mar Giyorgis of Lǝdā the king, was drunk with the dew of the Holy Spirit. Then, when the time came for him to go to Gadāma Wāli to the holy fathers, his brothers, in order to visit them, for they were there at that time in love and peace, and as he was going toward his monastery.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ወኮነ፡ አሐተ፡ ዕለት፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a standard hagiographic formula, 'His miracle. And it came to pass on one day,' marking the start of a new narrative episode.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"አርዓድ፡","severity":"info","text":"The king named ʾArʿād is likely ʾAṣnāf Sagad, a 17th-century Ethiopian emperor, as indicated in the English draft's introductory note.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ገዳመ፡ ዋሊ፡","severity":"info","text":"Gadāma Wāli is a monastic site in Ethiopia, associated with the holy fathers visited by ʾAlāniqos.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘወገ፡ ማር፡ ጊዮርጊስ፡ ዘልዳ፡ ንጉሥ።","severity":"info","text":"The comparison of ʾAlāniqos to Mar Giyorgis of Lǝdā (Saint George) is a common hagiographic trope, elevating the saint's status.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"በመዋዕለ፡ መንግስቱ፡ ለንጉሠ፡ ውድም፡ አርዓድ፡","severity":"info","text":"The miracle is set during the reign of King ʾArʿād (ʾAṣnāf Sagad), providing a historical anchor in the 17th century.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"አላኒቆስ፡ ስኩር፡ በጠለ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'drunk with the dew of the Holy Spirit' is metaphorical; the Geʿez 'ስኩር' (drunk) may be ambiguous, possibly implying ecstatic inspiration rather than literal intoxication.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text does not specify the exact location of the river crossing, and the identity of the monks accompanying ʾAlāniqos is not named."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"A serious\nabscess forms in his throat, and he is about to die, but is healed by the demand\nof ʾAbuna Fǝre Krǝstos thanks to the intercession of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos.\n\nተአምሪሁ፡ ወካዕበ፡\nገብረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ጻድቅ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ በዘመነ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለንጉሥነ፡ አጽናፍ፡ ሰገድ። እምድኅረ፡ ሞተ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ መጽአ፡ ኀበ፡ ደብሩ፡\nይስሐቅ፡ ምስለ፡ አቡሁ፡ ዴገና። ወመምህርሂ፡ ሥዩም፡ አሜሃ፡ ዘመን፡ አባ፡ ፍሬ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወተጻልአ፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ምስለ፡ አቡነ፡ ፍሬ፡ ክርስቶስ። ወነበበ፡ ቃለ፡ ጽርፈት፡ ላዕለ፡ አባ፡ ፍሬ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለዴገና። ኃዘነ፡ ወበከየ፡ ብፁእ፡ አረጋዊ፡ አባ፡ ፍሬ፡ ክርስቶስ።\n\nMiracle accomplished under the reign of ʾAṣnāf Sagad; when Yǝsḥaq, son of\nDeganā, was governor of Tǝgrāy, ʾAbuna Mobaʿa Dǝngǝl was abbot of the convent, and\nʾAbuna Ṗeṭros, spiritual son of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, was administrator of the convent: A\ndonkey that belonged to the convent and was stolen by merchants returns to the\nconvent after three years thanks to the intercession of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos.","english":"A serious abscess forms in his throat, and he is about to die, but is healed by the demand of ʾAbuna Fǝre Krǝstos thanks to the intercession of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos.\n\nHis miracle and wonder. This righteous one, ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, performed [this] in the time of the reign of our king ʾAṣnāf Sagad. After the death of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, Yǝsḥaq came to his monastery with his father Deganā and his teacher Śǝyum. At that time, ʾAbbā Fǝre Krǝstos was abbot, and Yǝsḥaq quarreled with ʾAbuna Fǝre Krǝstos and spoke words of insult against ʾAbbā Fǝre Krǝstos. Yǝsḥaq, the son of Deganā, grieved and wept. The blessed elder ʾAbbā Fǝre Krǝstos [was distressed].\n\nA miracle accomplished under the reign of ʾAṣnāf Sagad; when Yǝsḥaq, son of Deganā, was governor of Tǝgrāy, ʾAbuna Mobaʿa Dǝngǝl was abbot of the convent, and ʾAbuna Ṗeṭros, spiritual son of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, was administrator of the convent: A donkey that belonged to the convent and was stolen by merchants returns to the convent after three years thanks to the intercession of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ወካዕበ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a formulaic heading 'His miracle and wonder', marking the start of a new miracle narrative within the hagiographic dossier.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"በዘመነ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለንጉሥነ፡ አጽናፍ፡ ሰገድ።","severity":"info","text":"The miracle is set in the reign of King ʾAṣnāf Sagad, a historical ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, providing a chronological anchor for the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ይስሐቅ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለዴገና።","severity":"info","text":"Yǝsḥaq, son of Deganā, is identified as governor of Tǝgrāy, a key political figure, whose conflict with ʾAbuna Fǝre Krǝstos drives the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ሞባዕ፡ ድንግል፡","severity":"info","text":"ʾAbuna Mobaʿa Dǝngǝl is named as abbot of the convent; the title 'Mobaʿa Dǝngǝl' may mean 'the one who makes the virgin return' or be a proper name.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡","severity":"info","text":"ʾAbuna Ṗeṭros is described as the spiritual son of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, indicating a lineage of spiritual authority within the monastic community.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ በዘመነ፡ መንግሥቱ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez text states the miracle occurred 'after the death of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos', yet the heading attributes it to him; this may reflect a posthumous intercession or a textual inconsistency.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between the two miracle accounts in this passage is unclear: the first involves a throat abscess healed by ʾAbuna Fǝre Krǝstos, while the second describes a donkey's return. The Geʿez text may present them as separate episodes or as a single composite narrative.","The identity of 'Yǝsḥaq, son of Deganā' is ambiguous; he may be the same person as the governor of Tǝgrāy mentioned later, or a different individual."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ዕፁብ፡ ጥቀ፡\nወመንክር፡ ዜና፡ ዘገብረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ጻድቅ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቶስ፡ በዘመነ፡ ንጉሥነ፡ አጽናፍ፡ ሰገድ፡ ወሥዩመ፡\nትግራይሂ፡ ይስሐቅ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለዴገና። ወመምህርኒ፡ አሜሃ፡ ዘመን፡ አቡነ፡ ሞባአ፡ ድንግል፡ ወመጋቤ፡ ቤተ፡ ማኅበርኒ፡ አቡነ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡ ወልዱ፡\nለአቡነ፡ ክቡር፡ መምህረ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ አላኒቆስ፡ ወነበረ፡ አሜሃ፡ ዘመን፡ ዓድግ፡ ዘቤተ፡ ማኅበር፡ ዘይሰመይ፡ ማይ፡ ምላዕ።\n\nMiracle accomplished under the reign of Susǝnyos ; when ʾƎḫwa Krǝstos was\ngovernor and ʾAbbā Māḫḍanta Wald was abbot of the convent: During a terrible\nfamine in Tǝgrāy, the abbot decided to sell a few habits to buy some grain for the\ncommemoration of ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, but a great number of people arrived at the\ncelebration; miraculously, the food and drink were enough for everyone.","english":"His miracle and wonder, exceedingly great. And the marvel of the story which this righteous one, ʾAbuna ʾAlāniqos, performed in the time of our king ʾAṣnāf Sagad, and during the governorship of Tǝgrāy, Yǝsḥāq, son of Däggāna; and at that time, our teacher ʾAbuna Mobaʾa Dǝngǝl and the librarian of the convent, ʾAbuna P̣eṭros, son of ʾAbuna Kǝbur, teacher of the faith of ʾAlāniqos. And at that time, there was a great famine in the land of the convent which is called Māy Mǝlāʿ.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ዕፁብ፡ ጥቀ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez opens with a formulaic miracle heading, but the English draft omits the superlative 'exceedingly great' and the term 'marvel'.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"አጽናፍ፡ ሰገድ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez name ʾAṣnāf Sagad is the throne name of Emperor Susǝnyos (r. 1607–1632), as noted in the English draft.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘመነ፡ ዓድግ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez mentions a 'great famine' in the convent's land called Māy Mǝlāʿ, a location in Tǝgrāy, consistent with historical famines in the region.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"አቡነ፡ ሞባአ፡ ድንግል፡","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez name 'Mobaʾa Dǝngǝl' is obscure; the English draft renders it as 'Māḫḍanta Wald', suggesting a possible textual corruption or variant reading.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ይስሐቅ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለዴገና።","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez identifies Yǝsḥaq as son of Deganā and governor of Tǝgrāy, linking the hagiography to known regional figures, though not independently attested.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez lists multiple figures (Yǝsḥaq, Mobaʾa Dǝngǝl, P̣eṭros) whose exact roles and relationships are unclear; the English draft conflates or reinterprets them.","The phrase 'teacher of the faith of ʾAlāniqos' may indicate a title or a specific office, but the syntax is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ስምዑ፡ አበዊነ፡ ወአሐዊነ፡ ዘገብረ፡ አቡነ፡ አላኒቆስ፡ በዘመነ፡\nመንግሥቱ፡ ለንጉሥነ፡ ሱስንዮስ፡ ወመኮንን፡ እኅወ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወመምህርነሂ፡ አባ፡ ማኅፀንተ፡ ወልድ፡ ወአሜሃ፡ ዘመን፡ ኮነ፡ ረኃብ፡ ምድረ፡\nትግራይ፡ ወአጥፍአ፡ ለምድረ፡ ትግራይ፡ ሥዕለ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘተሰይመ፡ ቀዲሙ፡ ዘስመ፡\nወዓሊያኒሁ፡ ኃፍሮ፡ አይገቦ፡ እለ፡ አልቦሙ፡ ምሒክ፡ እንዘ፡ ይቀትሉ፡ ሰብአ።\n\nMalkǝʾ-hymn, probably not dedicated to ʾAlāniqos but to his spiritual son Taṭamqa Madḫǝn\n\nበዋህድናከ፡ አምላክ፡ ወትሥልትከ፡ ሥላሴ፡ እምአፈ፡ መላእክት፡ ወሰብእ፡ ዘተሴሰይከ፡ እክለ፡ ቅዳሴ፡\nለተጠምቀ፡ መድኅን፡ ዘኬደ፡ አቃርብተ፡ ሐቅል፡ ወከይሴ፡ አብሐኒ፡ እንግር፡ በከመ፡ ነገረ፡ ሙሴ። ለካህን፡ አሮን፡ ወምእመን፡ አውሴ።\n\nSpiritual genealogy of Ethiopian monks. The last person mentioned is Tasfā\nḤawāryāt of the convent of Dālšahā in Waldǝbbā.","english":"Hearken, our fathers and our brothers, to the miracle which our father ʾAlāniqos performed in the time of the reign of our king Susǝnyos, and of the governor ʾǝḫǝwa Krǝstos, and of our teacher ʾAbbā Maḫǝzǝnta Wāld, and at that time when there was a famine in the land of Tǝgrāy, and it destroyed the land of Tǝgrāy, the planting of Krǝstos which had been planted earlier, whose name and whose superiors, the earth, they have no mercy, while they were killing people.\n\nBy your unity, O God, and by your Trinity, O Trinity, from the mouth of angels and men, you who are ordained, the whole of the liturgy, for Taṭamqa Madḫǝn, who kindled the fire, the bringer of the field and the threshing floor, the fathers, tell me, as Moses spoke, for the priest Aaron and the faithful Ouse.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪሁ፡ ስምዑ፡ አበዊነ፡ ወአሐዊነ፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a narrative section recounting a miracle of ʾAlāniqos under King Susǝnyos, then shifts abruptly to a Malkǝʾ-hymn addressed to Taṭamqa Madḫǝn, a different figure. The hymn is likely an interpolation or a separate textual unit.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሱስንዮስ፡","severity":"info","text":"Susǝnyos (Geʿez: ሱስንዮስ) is the Ethiopian emperor (r. 1607–1632), a key figure in the period of Catholic–Orthodox controversy. His reign provides a chronological anchor for the miracle narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ረኃብ፡ ምድረ፡ ትግራይ፡","severity":"info","text":"The famine in Tǝgrāy (Geʿez: ረኃብ፡ ምድረ፡ ትግራይ፡) is a historical event, likely the severe famine of the 1620s–1630s in northern Ethiopia, which devastated the region and caused social upheaval.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ለተጠምቀ፡ መድኅን፡","severity":"info","text":"The name Taṭamqa Madḫǝn (Geʿez: ተጠምቀ፡ መድኅን፡) means 'Baptism of the Saviour' and is a known monastic figure, possibly the spiritual son of ʾAlāniqos. The hymn parallels the structure of Malkǝʾ-hymns common in Ethiopian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘተሴሰይከ፡ እክለ፡ ቅዳሴ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ordained for the whole liturgy' (Geʿez: ዘተሴሰይከ፡ እክለ፡ ቅዳሴ፡) is ambiguous: it may refer to Taṭamqa Madḫǝn's role in the liturgy or to a liturgical text. The hymn's abrupt insertion suggests possible textual corruption or a scribal addition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘኬደ፡ አቃርብተ፡ ሐቅል፡ ወከይሴ፡","severity":"info","text":"The imagery of 'kindled the fire, the bringer of the field and the threshing floor' (Geʿez: ዘኬደ፡ አቃርብተ፡ ሐቅል፡ ወከይሴ፡) evokes agricultural and sacrificial motifs, possibly referencing the saint's role as a provider or miracle worker during the famine.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The transition from the narrative of ʾAlāniqos to the Malkǝʾ-hymn for Taṭamqa Madḫǝn is abrupt and unexplained; the hymn may be a later interpolation or a separate textual unit.","The phrase 'whose name and whose superiors, the earth, they have no mercy' (Geʿez: ዘስመ፡ ወዓሊያኒሁ፡ ኃፍሮ፡ አይገቦ፡) is syntactically unclear and may be corrupt.","The identity of 'the faithful Ouse' (Geʿez: አውሴ።) is uncertain; it may refer to a biblical or hagiographic figure."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ንጽሕፍ፡ ዜና፡ ልደቶሙ፡ ለአበው፡ ቅዱሳን፡ አባ፡ አንጦንስ፡ ወለዶ፡ ለአባ፡ መቃሮስ። ወአባ፡ መቃሮስ፡ ወለዶ፡\nለአባ፡ ጳኵሚስ። ወአባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ከማ፡ ወለዶሙ፡ ለአባ፡\nአላኒቆስ፡ ማይ፡ በራዚዮ፡ ወገብረ፡ መስቀል፡ ዘመአሬ፡ ወአብርሃም፡ ዘደብረ፡\nጽዮን።","english":"Let us write the account of the birth of the holy fathers: ʾAbbā ʾAnṭons, who begot ʾAbbā Maqāros; and ʾAbbā Maqāros begot ʾAbbā Paqʷāmis; and ʾAbbā Yoḥannes, likewise, begot ʾAbbā ʾAlāniqos; Māy Barāziyo and Gabra Masqal of Maʿāre and ʾAbrəhām of Dabra Ṣəyon.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ንጽሕፍ፡ ዜና፡ ልደቶሙ፡ ለአበው፡ ቅዱሳን፡","severity":"info","text":"This passage opens with a formulaic introduction to a hagiographic genealogy, listing the spiritual lineage of ʾAlāniqos through a chain of desert fathers (ʾAnṭons, Maqāros, Paqʷāmis, Yoḥannes).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ልደቶሙ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term ልደቶሙ፡ (lədātomu) means 'their birth' or 'their begetting', here used metaphorically to denote spiritual generation rather than physical birth, a common trope in monastic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"አባ፡ አንጦንስ፡","severity":"info","text":"ʾAbbā ʾAnṭons (Anthony the Great) is the foundational figure of Christian monasticism; his inclusion in the genealogy links ʾAlāniqos to the Egyptian desert tradition, a standard legitimizing device in Ethiopic hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ከማ፡ ወለዶሙ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ʾAbbā Yoḥannes, likewise, begot' mirrors the pattern used for the earlier fathers, but the 'likewise' (ከማ፡) may indicate a parallel but separate line of descent, possibly from a different monastic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ማይ፡ በራዚዮ፡ ወገብረ፡ መስቀል፡ ዘመአሬ፡ ወአብርሃም፡ ዘደብረ፡ ጽዮን።","severity":"caution","text":"The final list of names (Māy Barāziyo, Gabra Masqal, ʾAbrəhām) is syntactically ambiguous: they may be additional spiritual descendants of Yoḥannes, or separate holy figures whose connection to the genealogy is unclear. The text may be corrupt or laconic.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT4049GadlaAl","label":"betmas: Hagiographic dossier of ʾAlāniqos","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT4049GadlaAl"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship of the final three names (Māy Barāziyo, Gabra Masqal, ʾAbrəhām) to the preceding genealogy is unclear; they may be further offspring of Yoḥannes or independent figures. The text does not specify whether they are part of the same spiritual lineage or a separate list."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}