{"slug":"LIT3961Homily","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3961Homily","title":"Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"homily","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:53:08Z","cost_usd":0.00316},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3961Homily","work_id":"LIT3961Homily","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"},"stats":{"passages":5,"english_words":970,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":27,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":10,"work_notes":5,"external_links":2,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT3961Homily","abstract":"This anonymous Ethiopic homily for the feast of the Archangel Michael in the month of Maggābit survives only in Geʿez, with no known earlier Vorlage. It is part of the broader dossier of Michael texts in the Ethiopic tradition and is read during the feast of Michael in Maggābit (March–April). The work is attributed to an anonymous author, likely a secondary origin within the Ethiopic tradition, possibly translated from Arabic or Coptic. The edition is based on a single manuscript from the Betä Mäsḥaf collection, with no critical apparatus or variant readings, limiting the ability to reconstruct its textual history.","historical_context":"The homily is assigned to the month of Maggābit in the Ethiopic calendar, but its composition date is uncertain, with no colophon or external witness providing a firm terminus ante quem. It survives only in Geʿez, with no known earlier Vorlage, suggesting a secondary origin within the Ethiopic tradition, possibly translated from Arabic or Coptic. The work is part of the broader dossier of Michael texts in the Ethiopic tradition, and its integration into the Ethiopic liturgical cycle indicates its use during the feast of the Archangel Michael in Maggābit. The edition (betmas) does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings, and the present annotation cannot assess textual stability or manuscript stemma. The homily is attributed to an anonymous author, a common feature in Ethiopic liturgical literature, and the opening rubric labels it as both a dǝrsān (homily) and a nägär (discourse).","significance":"This homily is significant as a witness to the Ethiopic liturgical veneration of the Archangel Michael, particularly during the month of Maggābit. It belongs to a broader dossier of Michael texts in the Ethiopic tradition and may reflect translation or adaptation from Arabic or Coptic sources. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the challenges of reconstructing the textual history of Ethiopic liturgical works.","timeline":[{"date":"undated","event":"Composition of the homily, likely within the Ethiopic tradition, possibly translated from Arabic or Coptic."},{"date":"undated","event":"Integration into the Ethiopic liturgical cycle for the feast of Michael in Maggābit."},{"date":"undated","event":"Survival in a single manuscript from the Betä Mäsḥaf collection."}],"relations":[{"work":"Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","relation":"Part of the broader dossier of Michael texts in the Ethiopic tradition","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},{"work":"Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","relation":"Possibly related to Coptic homilies on Michael","key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"Betä Mäsḥaf edition of the homily","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily","reason":"Source edition for the work"},{"key":"ed:LIT3961Homily","label":"Edition record for the homily","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily","reason":"Edition details"}],"cautions":["The composition date is unknown; no colophon or external witness provides a firm terminus ante quem.","The homily survives only in Geʿez, with no known earlier Vorlage; its attribution to an anonymous author suggests a secondary origin within the Ethiopic tradition.","The edition is based on a single manuscript from the Betä Mäsḥaf collection, with no critical apparatus or variant readings, limiting the ability to reconstruct textual history."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000387,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:42:57Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT3961Homily","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":5,"translated":5,"commentary_passages":5,"commentary_units":27,"english_words":970,"source_letters":2445,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily survives only in Geʿez, with no known earlier Vorlage. Its attribution to an anonymous author suggests a secondary origin within the Ethiopic tradition, possibly translated from Arabic or Coptic.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is assigned to the month of Maggābit (March–April) in the Ethiopic calendar, but its composition date is uncertain. No colophon or external witness provides a firm terminus ante quem.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This homily is read during the feast of the Archangel Michael in Maggābit, indicating its integration into the Ethiopic liturgical cycle. It is part of the broader dossier of Michael texts in the tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (betmas) does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings. The present annotation cannot assess textual stability or manuscript stemma.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition is based on a single manuscript from the Betä Mäsḥaf collection. No other witnesses are cited, limiting the ability to reconstruct the textual history.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: homily in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 5 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":5},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT3961Homily":{"label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi":{"label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael":{"label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"},"hollis:alma990019134800203941":{"label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},"hollis:alma990022427940203941":{"label":"Saint Michael the archangel: three encomiums by Theodosius, archbishop of Alexandria, Severus, patriarch of Antioch, and Eustathius, bishop of Trake; the Coptic texts with extracts from Arabic and Ethiopic versions, edited with a translation","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"The following text is taken from .\n\nAdmonition for Maggābit\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ፡ ድርሳን፡ ወነገር፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወክቡር፡ ወኀያል፡ መልአክ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡\nለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአንጾኪያ፡ በእንተ፡ ዕበዩ፡ ወክብሩ፡ ለሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካኤል፡ ወበእንተ፡ አፍቅሮቱ፡ ሰብአ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ቅድስት፡\nተናገረ፡ እስመ፡ በዓለ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ኀብረ፡ በይእቲ፡ ዓመት፡ ምስለ፡ ዕለተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ወካዕበ፡ ተናገረ፡ በእንተ፡ ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡ ወብእሲቱ፡ ወውሉዱ፡ ዘከመ፡ አምኑ፡ በእግዚአብሔር፡\nበስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ እስመ፡ ይቤ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ድርሳን፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡ እንዘ፡ ጉቡኣን፡ ሕዝብ፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡\nሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ከመ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ይግበሩ፡ በዓሎ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ ወአስተብቍዖቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily and discourse concerning the holy, honored, and mighty angel Michael, the archangel, which is read on the tenth and the second of the month of Maggābit, composed by Abba Yoḥannes, the archbishop of Anṭākiyā, concerning the greatness and honor of the archangel Michael, and concerning his love for humanity, and concerning the holy Sabbath. He spoke because the feast of Michael coincides in that year with the Sabbath day, and also he spoke concerning Mathewos the merchant, and his wife and his children, how they believed in God through the intercession of the holy Michael, the archangel. For he said: This homily, on the tenth and the second of the month of Maggābit, while the people are gathered in the church of the holy Michael the archangel, as Christians celebrate his feast, in the peace of God the Father. May his blessing and glorification be with us forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ድርሳን፡ ወነገር፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening rubric labels the work as both a dǝrsān (homily) and a nägär (discourse), a common double designation in Ethiopic liturgical literature.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡","severity":"info","text":"The homily is appointed for the 10th and 12th of Maggābit (Ethiopic month, roughly February–March), indicating a two-day reading for the feast of Michael.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአንጾኪያ፡","severity":"info","text":"The work is attributed to Abba Yoḥannes, archbishop of Antioch, likely a pseudepigraphic attribution common in Ethiopic homilies to lend authority.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡","severity":"info","text":"The narrative of Mathewos the merchant and his family's conversion through Michael's intercession is a hagiographic topos, paralleling other Ethiopic miracle collections for Michael.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘደረሰ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The verb därasä ('composed') may imply original authorship or merely compilation; the attribution to a patriarch of Antioch is likely conventional rather than historical.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between the two feast days (10th and 12th of Maggābit) is unclear: whether the homily was read on both days or the text conflates separate traditions.","The identity of 'Abba Yoḥannes, archbishop of Antioch' is uncertain; no known historical figure matches this description in the context of Michael veneration."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ስምዑ፡ አኀውየ፡ ምዕመናን፡ ቃሎ፡ ለመዝሙረ፡ ዳዊት፡ ብፁዕ፡ ወቅዱስ፡ ዘነገረ፡ ኅብረተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ በዓል፡ ዮም፡ ይትፌሣሕ፡ እንዘ፡ ይኬልሕ፡ ወይብል፡ ይትዐየን፡\nመልአከ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዐውዶሙ፡ ለእለ፡ ይፈርህዎ፡ ድኅኖሙ። ኦ፡ ፍቁራንየ፡ ዮም፡ ክልኤቱ፡ በዓላት፡ በዓለ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ወበዓለ፡ እሑድ፡ ሰንበት፡ ትንሣኤሁ፡ ቅድስት፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡\nክርስቶስ።\n\nወይእዜኒ፡ ንሰብሖ፡ በስብሐት፡ ዘይደሉ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ በዓል፡ እስመ፡ ንሬኢ፡ ከመ፡ ቀርበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ለፈጽሞ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ስብሐት። ወንሰብሖ፡ ለዘይደልዎ፡ ኵሉ፡ ስብሐት፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወአምላክነ፡ ወመድኀኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘሎቱ፡ ይደሉ፡ ክብር፡ ወስብሐት፡ ወዕበይ፡ ወዕዘዝ፡\nወልዕልና፡ ወሰጊድ፡ ኵሎ፡ ጊዜ፡ ለአብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ማኅየዊ፡ ዘዕሩይ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወለዝንቱ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ለዘጸሐፎ፡ ወለዘአጽሐፎ፡ ለዘአንበቦ፡ ወለዘተርጐሞ፡ ለዘሰምዐ፡ ቃላቲሁ፡ ኅቡረ፡ ይምሐረነ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥተ፡\nሰማያት፡ ወይክድነነ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በጽላሎተ፡ ክነፊሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ አመ፡ ዕለተ፡ ፍዳ፡ ወደይን። ትንብልና፡ ስእለቱ፡ ወበረከተ፡ ዚአሁ፡ ወአስትብቍዖቱ፡ ወረድኤተ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። The following text is taken from","english":"Listen, my brethren, believers, to the word of the Psalm of David, the blessed and holy, which tells of the fellowship of this feast. Today rejoices, while it is fitting and says, it is fitting: The angel of the Lord, he saved those who fear him. O my beloved, today there are two feasts: the feast of Michael, the chief of angels, and the feast of the Lord's Day, the Sabbath of the Resurrection of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.\n\nAnd now we praise with praise that is fitting for this feast, for we see that the time for completing this praise has drawn near. And we praise him to whom all praise is due, our Lord and God and Savior Jesus Christ, to whom belong glory, praise, greatness, power, and exaltation, and worship at all times, to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the life-giving Trinity, of like substance with him, now and always and forever and ever, Amen. And for this book, for the one who wrote it, and for the one who caused it to be written, for the one who read it, and for the one who translated it, for the one who heard its words together, may God forgive us in the kingdom of heaven, and may God protect us under the shadow of the wing of the holy Michael, the chief of angels, on the day of judgment and sentence. May his intercession, blessing, supplication, and help be with us forever and ever, Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ስምዑ፡ አኀውየ፡ ምዕመናን፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'Listen, my brethren, believers' is a standard homiletic address, marking the start of the narrative section after the title.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"መዝሙረ፡ ዳዊት፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Psalm of David' likely refers to a specific psalm, possibly Psalm 91 (LXX 90) or another, but the exact reference is not explicit in the passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡","severity":"info","text":"The title 'chief of angels' for Michael is standard in Geʿez tradition, emphasizing his primacy among angelic beings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በዓለ፡ እሑድ፡ ሰንበት፡ ትንሣኤሁ፡","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'the feast of the Lord's Day, the Sabbath of the Resurrection' indicates a dual celebration: Michael's feast and Sunday, the weekly commemoration of the Resurrection.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ለዘጸሐፎ፡ ወለዘአጽሐፎ፡ ለዘአንበቦ፡ ወለዘተርጐሞ፡","severity":"info","text":"The concluding blessing for scribe, commissioner, reader, and translator reflects the liturgical use of the homily and the value placed on its transmission.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ይትፌሣሕ፡ እንዘ፡ ይኬልሕ፡ ወይብል፡ ይትዐየን፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'rejoices, while it is fitting and says, it is fitting' is syntactically awkward in Geʿez; the English draft smooths it, but the original may contain a textual corruption or scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The specific psalm referenced by 'the Psalm of David' is not identified; it may be a general invocation rather than a direct quotation.","The phrase 'ይትፌሣሕ፡ እንዘ፡ ይኬልሕ፡ ወይብል፡ ይትዐየን፡' is ambiguous in its syntax, possibly reflecting a textual issue."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"78-103\n.\n\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ፤\nድርሳን፡ ወነገር፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወክቡር፡ ወኀያል፡ መልአክ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፥ ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአንጾኪያ፡\nበእንተ፡ ዕበዩ፡ ወክብሩ፡ ለሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካኤል፡ ወበእንተ፡ አፍቅሮቱ፡ ሰብአ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ቅድስት፡ ተናገረ፤ እስመ፡ በዓለ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ኀብረ፡ በይእቲ፡ ዓመት፡ ምስለ፡ ዕለተ፡ ሰንበት። ወካዕበ፡ ተናገረ፡ በእንተ፡ ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡ ወብእሲቱ፡ ወውሉዱ፡ ዘከመ፡ አምኑ፡ በእግዚአብሔር፡ በስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፤ እስመ፡ ይቤ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ድርሳን፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡\nወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡ እንዘ፡ ጉቡኣን፡ ሕዝብ፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ከመ፡ ይግበሩ፡ በዓሎ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ። ትንብልናሁ፡ ወአስተብቍዖቱ፡\nየሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily and discourse concerning the holy, honored, and mighty angel Michael, chief of the angels, which is read on the tenth and the eleventh of the month of Maggābit, composed by Abba John, chief of bishops of Antioch, concerning the greatness and glory of the chief of the angels Michael, and concerning his love for men, and concerning the holy Sabbath he spoke; for the feast of Michael occurs together in that year with the Sabbath day. And again he spoke concerning Matthew the merchant, and his wife, and his children, how they believed in God through the prayer of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. For this homily says: On the tenth and the eleventh of the month of Maggābit, while the people are gathered in the church of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, as they celebrate his feast in the peace of God the Father, his exaltation and his glorification. May it be with us forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ድርሳን፡ ወነገር፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'A homily and discourse' signals a composite work, combining a formal homily (dǝrsān) with a narrative (nagar).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡","severity":"info","text":"The title 'chief of bishops' (liqa ṗāṗāsāt) is the Geʿez equivalent of 'patriarch', here attributed to John of Antioch.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡","severity":"info","text":"The reading date 'the tenth and the eleventh of Maggābit' corresponds to 6–7 March in the Gregorian calendar, a two-day feast for Michael.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡","severity":"info","text":"The story of Matthew the merchant and his family is a known hagiographic motif in Copto-Arabic Michaelite literature, often linked to Theodosius of Alexandria.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡","severity":"info","text":"Attribution to John of Antioch is conventional; the homily likely circulated in Geʿez via Arabic Vorlagen, as seen in multiple manuscript witnesses.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma990022427940203941","label":"Saint Michael the archangel: three encomiums by Theodosius, archbishop of Alexandria, Severus, patriarch of Antioch, and Eustathius, bishop of Trake; the Coptic texts with extracts from Arabic and Ethiopic versions, edited with a translation","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰንበት፡ ቅድስት፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'holy Sabbath' may refer to Saturday (the Sabbath) or to Sunday (the Lord's Day); the English draft interprets it as 'Sabbath day', but the Geʿez is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'holy Sabbath' (ሰንበት፡ ቅድስት፡) could denote either Saturday or Sunday; the English draft opts for 'Sabbath day' but the context of a feast coinciding with the Lord's Day suggests Sunday.","The attribution to John of Antioch is traditional and not historically verifiable; the homily may be a later compilation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ወይእዜኒ፡ ንሰብሖ፡ በስብሐት፡ ዘይደሉ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ በዓል፡ እስመ፡ ንሬኢ፡ ከመ፡ ቀርበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ለፈጽሞ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ስብሐት። ወንሰብሖ፡ ለዘይደልዎ፡ ኵሉ፡ ስብሐት፡ እግዚእነ፡\nወአምላክነ፡ ወመድኀኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘሎቱ፡ ይደሉ፡ ክብር፡ ወስብሐት፤ ወዕበይ፡ ወእዘዝ፡ ወልዕልና፡ ወሰጊድ፡ ኵሎ፡ ጊዜ፡ ለአብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ማሕየዊ፡ ዘዕሩይ፡ ምስሌሁ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ ወዘልፈኒ፡ ወለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nወለዝንቱ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ለዘጸሐፎ፡ ወለዘአጽሐፎ፡ ለዘአንበቦ፡ ወለዘተርጐሞ፡ ለዘሰምዐ፡ ቃላቲሁ፡ ኅቡረ፡ ይምሐረነ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፤ ወይክድነነ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በጽላሎቱ፡ ክነፊሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡\nሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ አመ፡ ዕለተ፡ ፍዳ፡ ወደይን። ትንብልና፡ ስእለቱ፡ ወበረከተ፡ ዚአሁ፡ ወአስተበቍዖቱ፡ ወረድኤተ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"And now we praise with a praise that is fitting for this feast, for we see that its time has come to complete this praise. And we praise him to whom all praise is due, our Lord and God and Savior Jesus Christ, to whom are due glory and praise, and greatness and command and exaltation and adoration at all times, to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, the life-giving, of equal substance with him, now and always and forever and ever, amen.\n\nAnd for this book, for the one who wrote it and for the one who caused it to be written, for the one who read it and for the one who translated it, for the one who heard its words, may the Lord forgive us together in the kingdom of heaven; and may the Lord protect us under the shadow of his wing of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, on the day of judgment and sentence. May the intercession and blessing of him, and his supplication and the help of his prayer, be with us forever and ever, amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወይእዜኒ፡ ንሰብሖ፡ በስብሐት፡ ዘይደሉ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ በዓል፡","severity":"info","text":"This passage marks the conclusion of the homily, shifting from narrative to a doxological and colophon-like blessing.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ማሕየዊ፡ ዘዕሩይ፡ ምስሌሁ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'life-giving, of equal substance with him' asserts the consubstantiality of the Holy Spirit with the Father and Son, reflecting Nicene theology.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ለዘጸሐፎ፡ ወለዘአጽሐፎ፡ ለዘአንበቦ፡ ወለዘተርጐሞ፡","severity":"info","text":"The blessing for scribe, commissioner, reader, and translator reflects the liturgical use of the homily and its transmission in Ethiopic manuscripts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በጽላሎቱ፡ ክነፊሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The image of protection under Michael's wing is a common motif in Ethiopic angelology, emphasizing his role as intercessor on judgment day.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ለዘተርጐሞ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The mention of a translator suggests this Geʿez text is itself a translation, likely from Arabic or Coptic, but the source is not specified.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the translator (ተርጐሞ) is unknown; the blessing may be formulaic rather than referring to a specific person.","The phrase 'equal substance' (ዘዕሩይ ምስሌሁ) could be a later theological insertion, but the text does not indicate interpolation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"After\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ፡ ድርሳን፡ ወነገር፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወክቡር፡ ወኀያል፡ መልአክ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡\nለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአንጾኪያ፡ በእንተ፡ ዕበዩ፡ ወክብሩ፡ ለሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ሚካኤል፡ ወበእንተ፡ አፍቅሮቱ፡ ሰብአ፡ ወበእንተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ቅድስት፡\nተናገረ፡ እስመ፡ በዓለ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ኀብረ፡ በይእቲ፡ ዓመት፡ ምስለ፡ ዕለተ፡ ሰንበት፡ ወካዕበ፡ ተናገረ፡ በእንተ፡ ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡ ወብእሲቱ፡ ወውሉዱ፡ ዘከመ፡ አምኑ፡ በእግዚአብሔር፡\nበስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ እስመ፡ ይቤ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ድርሳን፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡ እንዘ፡ ጉቡኣን፡ ሕዝብ፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡\nሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ከመ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ይግበሩ፡ በዓሎ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ትንብልናሁ፡ ወአስተብቍዖቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።","english":"In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily and discourse concerning the holy, honored, and mighty angel Michael, chief of the angels, which is read on the tenth and the second of the month of Maggābit, composed by Abba Yoḥannes, chief of bishops of Antioch, concerning the greatness and glory of the chief of the angels Michael, and concerning his love for humanity, and concerning the holy Sabbath. He spoke because the feast of Michael coincides in that year with the day of the Sabbath. And again he spoke concerning Matthew the merchant, and his wife, and his children, how they believed in God through the prayer of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. For he said: This homily is for the tenth and the second of the month of Maggābit, while the people are gathered in the church of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, as Christians celebrate his feast in the peace of God the Father. May his blessing and his intercession be with us forever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ መጋቢት፡","severity":"info","text":"The rubric specifies reading on the 10th and 2nd of Maggābit, a rare double date that may reflect a vigil or octave practice.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3961Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Maggābit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3961Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"አባ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአንጾኪያ፡","severity":"info","text":"The attribution to John, chief bishop of Antioch, is conventional in Ethiopic homilies for Michael and may be pseudepigraphic.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ማቴዎስ፡ ነግድ፡","severity":"info","text":"Matthew the merchant is a figure known from Coptic hagiography; his conversion story is a common exemplum in Michaeline homilies.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ድርሳን፡","severity":"info","text":"The term dǝrsān (homily) indicates a liturgical reading; this text is preserved in Ethiopian manuscripts as part of the cycle for the archangel Michael.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma990022427940203941","label":"Saint Michael the archangel: three encomiums by Theodosius, archbishop of Alexandria, Severus, patriarch of Antioch, and Eustathius, bishop of Trake; the Coptic texts with extracts from Arabic and Ethiopic versions, edited with a translation","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወካዕበ፡ ተናገረ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'again he spoke' may indicate a composite text or a secondary addition; the narrative shifts abruptly to Matthew the merchant.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between the two feast dates (10th and 2nd) is unclear; they may refer to a single feast with a preceding day or a scribal conflation.","The identity of 'Abba Yoḥannes, chief of bishops of Antioch' is uncertain; it may be a legendary attribution."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}