{"slug":"LIT3960Homily","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3960Homily","title":"Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"homily","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:08Z","cost_usd":0.002481},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3960Homily","work_id":"LIT3960Homily","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":765,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":16,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":6,"work_notes":6,"external_links":3,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"LIT3960Homily","abstract":"This anonymous Ethiopic homily, assigned to the month of Yakkātit in the Ethiopian liturgical calendar, is a panegyric for the archangel Michael, emphasizing his intercessory power and miracles. It survives in multiple manuscripts (e.g., British Library, Bodleian) and is part of a monthly cycle of readings for Michael on the 12th of each month, reflecting his prominent cult in Ethiopian Christianity. The text draws on Coptic traditions, notably the dossier of Theodosius of Alexandria, indicating shared hagiographical heritage. The source edition (betmas) lacks critical apparatus, limiting textual analysis. The homily's precise dating is uncertain but likely medieval.","historical_context":"The homily belongs to the rich tradition of Ethiopic encomiastic literature, produced within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Its liturgical assignment to Yakkātit (February–March) places it in a fixed annual cycle of readings for Michael, whose cult was especially strong in Ethiopia from at least the Aksumite period onward. The text's reliance on Coptic sources, such as the dossier of Theodosius of Alexandria, points to the ongoing exchange between the Coptic and Ethiopian churches, particularly after the 13th century when Ethiopian monasticism flourished. The anonymous authorship and lack of precise dating (likely medieval, perhaps 14th–16th centuries) reflect the fluidity of hagiographic composition. The multiple manuscript witnesses (e.g., British Library, Bodleian) attest to its liturgical use and transmission, though the absence of a critical edition hinders assessment of textual variation.","significance":"This homily exemplifies the integration of Coptic angelological traditions into Ethiopian liturgy and the central role of Michael as intercessor. It contributes to understanding the development of the Ethiopian monthly Michael cycle and the broader hagiographical networks linking Egypt and Ethiopia. The text's survival in multiple manuscripts underscores its enduring liturgical importance.","timeline":[{"date":"4th–6th c.","event":"Emergence of Michael cult in Coptic Christianity; Theodosius of Alexandria composes homilies on Michael."},{"date":"13th–16th c.","event":"Probable period of composition for this anonymous Ethiopic homily, given manuscript evidence and liturgical development."},{"date":"15th–18th c.","event":"Manuscripts of the homily copied and preserved in Ethiopian monasteries and European collections (e.g., British Library, Bodleian)."},{"date":"20th–21st c.","event":"Modern editions (e.g., betmas) published without critical apparatus; text used in Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy."}],"relations":[{"work":"Dossier of Theodosius of Alexandria on Michael","relation":"Source for Coptic traditions about Michael","key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"},{"work":"Ethiopic anonymous homily for Faws Manfasawi","relation":"Similar genre and liturgical function","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},{"work":"British Library manuscript of this homily","relation":"Witness to textual transmission","key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},{"work":"Bodleian manuscript of this homily","relation":"Witness to textual transmission","key":"hollis:alma990022427940203941","label":"Saint Michael the archangel: three encomiums by Theodosius, archbishop of Alexandria, Severus, patriarch of Antioch, and Eustathius, bishop of Trake; the Coptic texts with extracts from Arabic and Ethiopic versions, edited with a translation","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941"},{"work":"Edition LIT3960Homily","relation":"Modern edition (betmas) used as source","key":"ed:LIT3960Homily","label":"source edition: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"British Library manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941","reason":"Manuscript witness"},{"key":"hollis:alma990022427940203941","label":"Bodleian manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941","reason":"Manuscript witness"},{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas edition","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily","reason":"Source edition"}],"cautions":["The homily's date is uncertain; it is likely medieval but cannot be assigned to a specific century without further evidence.","The anonymous authorship prevents attribution to a known figure or school.","The source edition (betmas) lacks critical apparatus, limiting assessment of textual fluidity across manuscripts.","The relationship to Coptic sources is inferred but not fully documented in the available notes."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000505,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:35:31Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT3960Homily","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":16,"english_words":765,"source_letters":1745,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily is structured as a panegyric for the archangel Michael, with a focus on his intercessory role and miracles, typical of Ethiopic encomiastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives in multiple Ethiopic manuscripts, including those at the British Library and the Bodleian, indicating a broad manuscript tradition within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990019134800203941","label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma990022427940203941","label":"Saint Michael the archangel: three encomiums by Theodosius, archbishop of Alexandria, Severus, patriarch of Antioch, and Eustathius, bishop of Trake; the Coptic texts with extracts from Arabic and Ethiopic versions, edited with a translation","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The homily is attributed to an anonymous author and assigned to the month of Yakkātit in the liturgical calendar, but its precise dating remains uncertain, likely medieval.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This homily is part of a cycle of readings for the archangel Michael, used in the Ethiopian liturgy on the 12th of each month, reflecting Michael's prominent cult in Ethiopian Christianity.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (betmas) does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings, limiting the ability to assess textual fluidity across manuscripts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily draws on Coptic traditions about Michael, as seen in the dossier of Theodosius of Alexandria, reflecting the shared hagiographical heritage of the Coptic and Ethiopian churches.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: homily in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT3960Homily":{"label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi":{"label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"},"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael":{"label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"},"hollis:alma990019134800203941":{"label":"Medicine and Jewish law","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990019134800203941"},"hollis:alma990022427940203941":{"label":"Saint Michael the archangel: three encomiums by Theodosius, archbishop of Alexandria, Severus, patriarch of Antioch, and Eustathius, bishop of Trake; the Coptic texts with extracts from Arabic and Ethiopic versions, edited with a translation","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022427940203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"The following text is taken from .\n\nAdmonition for Yakkātit\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ፡ ድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወክቡር፡ ወኃያል፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡\nየካቲት። ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።\n\nወኮነ፡ እምድኅረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ነገር፡ ወሀሎ፡ አሐዱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ነዳይ፡ ዘዐቢይ፡ ሃይማኖቱ፡ ወይነብር፡ ውስተ፡ ውእቱ፡ ብሔር፡ ይስእል፡ ወይጼሊ፡ መዓልተ፡ ወሌሊተ፡\nወይቤሎ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ኦ፡ ሊቅየ፡ ተሣሀለኒ፡ ወወሀበኒ፡ ሲሳየ፡ ዕለት፡ ወዐራዘ፡ ዘዓመት። ወሀካይ፡ ብእሲሁ፡ ወኢይወፅእ፡ እምነ፡ ቤቱ፡ ውስተ፡ ተግባር፡ ወስራሕ፡ ወአልቦ፡ ዘየአምር፡ ተግባር፡ ወኢይሰርሕ፡ ምንተኒ፡ ወኢአሐተኒ፡ ሰዓተ፡ ወኢየአምር፡\nነጊደ። ወእምዝ፡ መጽአ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ በሕልም፡ ኀበ፡ ውእቱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ነዳይ፡ ወአስተርአዮ፡ ለዝኩ፡ ነዳይ፡ ወይቤሎ፡ እፎ፡ አንተ፡ ሀካይ፡ ብእሲ፡\nዘኢተአምር፡ ግብረ፡ ወስራሐ፡ ወሐሪሰ፡ ወትስእለኒ፡ መዓልተ፡ ወሌሊተ፡ ወትብል፡ ተሣሀለኒ፡ ላዕለ፡ አይኑ፡ ወይንከ፡ ወአይኑ፡ ሥርናይከ፡ ወአይኑ፡ ተግባርከ፡ ወስራሕከ፡ ከመ፡\nእባርክ፡ ለከ።","english":"In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily of the holy, honored, and mighty Michael, chief of the angels, which is read on the tenth and the second of the month of Yakkātit. May his prayer and blessing be with us forever and ever. Amen.\n\nAnd after this matter, there was a certain poor man whose faith was great, and he dwelt in that country, begging and praying day and night. And he said to the holy Michael, \"O my chief, have mercy on me and give me sustenance for the day and provisions for the year.\" And the man was idle, and he did not go out from his house to work and labor, and there was no one who knew work, and he did not labor at anything, not even for one hour, and he did not know a trade.\n\nAnd then the holy Michael, chief of the angels, came in a dream to that poor man and appeared to that poor man and said to him, \"Why are you an idle man who knows no work or labor, and you are idle, and you ask me day and night and say, 'Have mercy on me'? Where is your eye, and where is your skill, and where is your work and labor, that I may bless you?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a trinitarian invocation and a rubric specifying the reading date (Yakkātit 10 and 2), then transitions to a narrative introduced by 'ወኮነ እምድኅረ ዝንቱ ነገር' ('And after this matter').","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሀካይ","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'ሀካይ' (hakkāy) is rendered 'idle' in the English draft; it carries connotations of laziness or neglect, central to the moral critique in the narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The homily is part of a cycle for the archangel Michael, whose feast in the Ethiopian tradition is celebrated on Yakkātit 10 and 2 (February/March). The narrative motif of a poor man appealing to Michael is common in Ethiopic hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The theme of an idle petitioner rebuked by an angel appears in other Ethiopic homilies, such as the 'Homily on the Archangel Michael' attributed to Theodosius of Alexandria, where Michael similarly challenges a lazy supplicant.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ዘኢተአምር ግብረ ወስራሐ' ('who knows no work or labor') is ambiguous: it may imply the man lacks skill or refuses to work; the English draft opts for the latter, but the Geʿez allows both readings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez 'ሀካይ' could mean 'idle' or 'lazy'; the narrative does not clarify whether the man is physically unable to work or merely unwilling.","The phrase 'ዘኢተአምር ግብረ ወስራሐ' may indicate ignorance of a trade rather than refusal to labor."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ወተዓረኩ፡ ክልኤሆሙ፡ እምኣሜሃ፡ እስከ፡ ዕለተ፡ ዕረፍቶሙ፡ ወነበሩ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር ። ወዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኮነ፡ በስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት። ወለነኒ፡ ይምሐረነ፡ ወይሣሀለነ፡ በኀይለ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ይዕቀበነ፡ ለኵልነ፡ ውሉደ፡ ጥምቀት፡ ለዓለመ፡\nዓለም፡ አሜን። The following text is taken from\n\n69-74\n.\n\nበስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ አሐዱ፡ አምላክ፤\nድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወክቡር፡ ወኀያል፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፡ ዐሡሩ፡ ወሰኑዩ፡ ለወርኀ፡ የካቲት። ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፤ አሜን። ወኮነ፡ እምድኅረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ነገር፡ ወሀሎ፡ አሐዱ፡ አእሲ፡ ነዳይ፡ ዘዐቢይ፡ ሃይማኖቱ፡ ወይነብር፡ ውስተ፡ ውእቱ፡ ብሔር፡ ይስእል፡ ወይጼሊ፡ መዓልተ፡ ወሌሊተ፤ ወይቤሎ፡ ለቅዱስ፡\nሚካኤል፡ ኦ፡ ሊቅየ፡ ተሣሀለኒ፡ ወወሀበኒ፤ ሲሳየ፡ ዕለት። ወዐራዘ፡ ዘዓመት፡ ወሀካይ፡ ብእሲሁ፥ ወኢይወፅእ፡ እምነ፡ ቤቱ፡ ውስተ፡ ተግባር፡ ወስራሕ፡ ወአልቦ፡ ዘየአምር፡ ትግባረ። ወኢይሰርሕ፡ ምንተኒ፤ ወኢአሐተኒ፡ ሰዓተ፡ ወኢየአምር፡ ነጊደ።","english":"And they remained from that time until the day of their repose, and they lived in the peace of God. And all this came about through the prayer of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. And may he have mercy upon us and be gracious to us through the power of the prayer of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. May God protect all of us, the children of baptism, forever and ever. Amen.\n\nIn the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily of the holy, honored, and mighty Michael, chief of the angels, which is read on the tenth and the second of the month of Yakkātit. May his prayer and blessing be with us forever and ever. Amen. And after this matter, there was a certain poor man of great faith, and he dwelt in that same region, beseeching and praying day and night. And he said to the holy Michael, \"O my chief, be gracious to me and give me sustenance for the day and provision for the year, and clothe me, for I am a man, and I do not go out from my house to work or labor, and there is none who knows my labor, and I do no work at all, nor do I know any trade.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወኮነ፡ እምድኅረ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ነገር፡","severity":"info","text":"This phrase marks the transition from the opening formula to the narrative proper, consistent with the structural classification as narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ነዳይ፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'ነዳይ' (nädāy) means 'poor man' or 'beggar,' reflecting the protagonist's social status and dependence on charity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"የካቲት።","severity":"info","text":"The month of Yakkātit corresponds to February–March in the Ethiopian calendar; the feast of Michael on the 10th and 2nd is attested in Ethiopic liturgical tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡","severity":"info","text":"Michael as 'chief of the angels' is a standard epithet in Ethiopic homilies, reflecting his role as intercessor and protector in popular piety.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወኢየአምር፡ ትግባረ።","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'and there is none who knows my labor' is ambiguous: it may mean no one recognizes his work or that he has no known occupation; the translation opts for the latter.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ወኢየአምር፡ ትግባረ።' could be read as 'no one knows my work' (implying unrecognized effort) or 'I know no work' (implying idleness); the English draft takes the latter.","The clause 'ወኢአሐተኒ፡ ሰዓተ፡' is unclear: it may mean 'not even one hour' (of work) or 'not even one hour' (of rest); the context suggests lack of work."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ወነሥአ፡ ዝኩኒ፡ ነዳይ፡ ሃምሳ፡ ረባሐ፥ ወአግበር፡ ጽዋዐ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ከመ፡ ይኩኖ፡ ለተዝካሩ፡ ወተዓረኩ፡ ክልኤሆሙ፡ እምአሜሃ፡ እስከ፡\nዕለተ፡ ዕረፍቶሙ፤ ወነበሩ፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡\nወዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኮነ፡ በስእለቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት። ወለነኒ፡ ይምሐረነ፡ ወይሣሀለነ፡ በኀይለ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፥\nእግዚአብሔር፡ ይዕቀበነ፡ ለኵልነ፡ ውሉደ፡ ጥምቀት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፤ አሜን። After\nበስመአብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅ፡ ፩አምላክ፡ ድርሳን፡ ዘቀድስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ሊቀ፡ መላእክት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፲ወ፪፡ ለየካ፡ ቲት፡ በሰላመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዓሜን፡ ወኮነ፡ ፩ዱ፡\nነዳይ፡ ውስተ፡ ፩ብሔር፡ ወዓቢይ፡ ሃይማኖቱ፡ ይጼሊ፡ መአልተ፡ ወሌሊተ፡ ወይብል፡ ኦ ሊቅየ፡ ወሊቆሙ፡\nለመላእክት፡ ተሣሃለኒ፡ እስመ፡ ሐካይ፡ ብእሲሁ፡ ወኢይወጽእ፡ እምነ፡ ቤቱ፡ ወአልቦቱ፡ ተግባር፡ ወኢስራኅ፡ ወኢየአምር፡ ንጊደ፡ ወእምዝ፡ ወእምዝ፡ መጽአ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡\nወአስተርአዮ፡ በኅልም፡ ወይቤሎ፡ አንተ፡ ብእሲ፡ ሀካይ፡ ወኢትትገበር፡ አሐደ፡ እምግብርናት፡ ወትብለኒ፡ መአልተ፡ ወሌሊተ፡ ተሣሃለኒ፡ አይኑ፡\nወወሀቦ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ወአግበረ፡ ፃሕለ፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ወነዳይኒ፡ ነሥአ፡ ሃምሳ፡ ረበሁ፡\nአግበረ፡ ጽዋዓ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚኤል፡ ወተዓረኩ፡ ፪ሆሙ፡ አምዓሜሃ፡ እለት፡ ዕሰሙ፡ ወፍቅሩ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሩ፡\nለአለመ፡ ዓሜ፡","english":"And this poor man took fifty talents and made a donation to the church of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, for his commemoration. And the two of them were blessed from that time until the day of their repose, and they lived in the peace of God. And all this came about through the prayer of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. And may he have mercy upon us and forgive us through the power of the prayer of the holy Michael, chief of the angels. May God protect all of us, the children of baptism, forever and ever. Amen.\n\nIn the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, one God. A homily of the holy Michael, chief of the angels, which is read on the twelfth of Yakkātit, in the peace of God. Amen. And there was a certain poor man in a certain country, and his faith was great. He prayed day and night and said, \"O my chief and the chief of the angels, have mercy on me, for I am a poor man, and he does not go out from his house, and I have no work, and no wages, and I do not know a merchant.\" And after this and after that, the holy Michael came and appeared to him in a dream and said to him, \"You, a poor man, do not do any of the works, and you say to me day and night, 'Have mercy on me.' What is this?\" And he gave to the church and made a donation of the holy Michael. And the poor man took fifty talents and made a donation to the church of the holy Michael. And the two of them were blessed from that time, the day of their name and their love, which is with their beloved, forever and ever.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወነሥአ፡ ዝኩኒ፡ ነዳይ፡ ሃምሳ፡ ረባሐ፥ ወአግበር፡ ጽዋዐ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The passage begins with a narrative conclusion (the poor man's donation) that repeats material from the previous passage, then transitions via a doxology and incipit into a new narrative about a poor man's prayer and Michael's dream appearance.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ሃምሳ፡ ረባሐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'fifty talents' (ሃምሳ፡ ረባሐ) denotes a large sum of money, likely a conventional biblical or hagiographic figure for a generous donation, not a precise historical amount.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘይትነበብ፡ አመ፲ወ፪፡ ለየካ፡ ቲት","severity":"info","text":"The incipit states the homily is read on the 12th of Yakkātit (February/March), a date associated with the feast of the Archangel Michael in the Ethiopian calendar, linking the text to liturgical use.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ድርሳን፡ ዘቀድስ፡ ሚካኤል፡","severity":"info","text":"The work is explicitly titled a 'homily' (ድርሳን) of Michael, indicating its genre as a liturgical sermon, likely part of the Ethiopian synaxary tradition for angelic feasts.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi","label":"gap dossier: The Book of Spiritual Medicine (anonymous penitential manual, distinct from the compilation of Michael of ʾAṯrīb)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-faws-manfasawi"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወተዓረኩ፡ ፪ሆሙ፡ አምዓሜሃ፡ እለት፡ ዕሰሙ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The final sentence is textually corrupt: 'the day of their name and their love' (እለት፡ ዕሰሙ፡ ወፍቅሩ) is grammatically awkward and may reflect a scribal error or conflation of two phrases; the intended sense is unclear.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3960Homily","label":"betmas: Homily on the Archangel Michael (for Yakkātit)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3960Homily"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ነዳይ፡ ውስተ፡ ፩ብሔር፡","severity":"info","text":"The motif of a poor man praying day and night and receiving a dream visitation from Michael parallels Coptic and Ethiopic miracle stories, such as those in the 'Miracles of Michael' collections.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:coptic-theodosius-michael","label":"gap dossier: Encomium on Saint Michael the Archangel","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/coptic-theodosius-michael"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'እለት፡ ዕሰሙ፡ ወፍቅሩ' (the day of their name and their love) is ambiguous; it may be a garbled reference to a feast day or a blessing formula.","The repetition of the donation narrative (fifty talents) between the two sections may indicate a textual seam or a deliberate structural echo."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}