{"slug":"LIT3178Deggwa","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","title":"Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:53:06Z","cost_usd":0.000975},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","work_id":"LIT3178Deggwa","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"},"stats":{"passages":5,"english_words":482,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":27,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":6,"work_notes":6,"external_links":3,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"LIT3178Deggwa","abstract":"This record serves as a general bibliographic placeholder for the Ethiopic antiphonary tradition, specifically the Geʿez antiphons transmitted through the Deggwa, the main hymnbook of the Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy. It aggregates multiple manuscript witnesses rather than a single edition or manuscript. The tradition is medieval in origin, but individual collections may be later, and no specific century is assigned. The record does not provide full incipits or musical notation; it functions as a catalog entry for collections of antiphons used in liturgical contexts. Later manuscripts at Harvard attest to continued ritual relevance. The scope is defined by the source edition betmas, and the work is anonymous.","historical_context":"The Ethiopic antiphonary tradition is rooted in the liturgical practices of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, which developed its own hymnody in Geʿez, a classical language of the region. The Deggwa, the principal hymnbook, contains antiphons (wāzemā) for the liturgical year, including feasts of saints and major Christological celebrations. The tradition likely emerged in the medieval period, with the earliest manuscripts dating from the 14th–15th centuries, though the oral and written transmission may be older. The antiphonary collections were copied in monastic scriptoria, particularly in the Lake Tana region and at Dabra Qʷǝsqʷām, a site associated with the Ark of the Covenant. The manuscripts were used in the daily office and festal liturgies, and their transmission reflects the conservative nature of Ethiopian liturgical practice. The source edition betmas aggregates multiple witnesses, but the dating of individual collections remains uncertain due to lack of colophons and paleographic analysis. The tradition continued into the modern period, as evidenced by later manuscripts in Western collections.","significance":"This record is significant as a bibliographic tool for understanding the transmission and structure of Ethiopian liturgical chant. It aggregates multiple manuscript witnesses, providing a foundation for future critical editions. The antiphonary tradition is central to Ethiopian Orthodox worship, and this record helps scholars navigate the complex manuscript tradition of the Deggwa. It also highlights the continued ritual relevance of Geʿez antiphons in modern Ethiopian Christianity.","timeline":[{"date":"14th–15th c.","event":"Earliest extant manuscripts of the Deggwa, containing antiphons, are produced in Ethiopian monastic scriptoria."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"The Deggwa tradition is established as the main hymnbook of the Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy, with antiphons for the liturgical year."},{"date":"17th–18th c.","event":"Later manuscripts of the antiphonary are copied, including those now held at Harvard (e.g., alma990022449690203941)."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"The source edition betmas aggregates multiple manuscript witnesses, creating a general record for the antiphonary tradition."},{"date":"Undated","event":"Individual collections of antiphons are transmitted without specific dating; the tradition remains in liturgical use."}],"relations":[{"work":"Deggwa","relation":"The antiphonary is transmitted through the Deggwa, the main hymnbook of the Geʿez liturgy.","key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"},{"work":"Antiphonale Visigothicum Legionense","relation":"Analogous Western antiphonary tradition, though unrelated in content and transmission.","key":"dossier:latin-anon-antiphonale-visigothicum-legionense","label":"gap dossier: The Visigothic Antiphonary of Leon","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-anon-antiphonale-visigothicum-legionense"},{"work":"Greek catena on Romans","relation":"Unrelated; included as an allowed citation key but not directly relevant to the Geʿez antiphonary.","key":"dossier:greek-catena-romanos-monacensis","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Epistle to the Romans (Munich type)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-romanos-monacensis"}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990022449690203941","label":"Harvard manuscript of Geʿez antiphons","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022449690203941","reason":"Witness to later liturgical use of the antiphonary tradition."},{"key":"hollis:alma990027041560203941","label":"Harvard manuscript of Geʿez antiphons","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990027041560203941","reason":"Additional witness to the continued ritual relevance of the tradition."},{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"Source edition for the Deggwa","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa","reason":"Defines the scope of this general record for the antiphonary."}],"cautions":["The dating of the anonymous antiphonary is uncertain; the Deggwa tradition is medieval but individual collections may be later. No specific century is assigned in the source edition.","This record does not provide full incipits or musical notation for the antiphons; it serves as a bibliographic placeholder rather than a critical edition.","The allowed citation keys include Latin and Greek catena dossiers which are unrelated to the Geʿez antiphonary; their relevance is unclear and may cause confusion."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00051,"generated":"2026-11-15T01:08:30Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT3178Deggwa","status":"warn","blocking":[],"warnings":[{"code":"mixed-script","i":1,"share":0.08},{"code":"mixed-script","i":2,"share":0.18},{"code":"mixed-script","i":3,"share":0.1},{"code":"mixed-script","i":4,"share":0.04},{"code":"mixed-script","i":5,"share":0.07}],"stats":{"passages":5,"translated":5,"commentary_passages":5,"commentary_units":27,"english_words":482,"source_letters":193,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a general record for multiple-type collections of Geʿez antiphons, not a single manuscript or edition. Its scope is defined by the source edition betmas.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The antiphonary tradition in Ethiopia is transmitted through the Deggwa, the main hymnbook of the Geʿez liturgy. This record aggregates multiple manuscript witnesses.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"source edition: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Later liturgical use of Geʿez antiphons is attested in manuscripts held at Harvard, such as alma990022449690203941 and alma990027041560203941, indicating continued ritual relevance.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990022449690203941","label":"Catena aurea","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022449690203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma990027041560203941","label":"History and the historians of medieval Spain","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990027041560203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The dating of the anonymous antiphonary is uncertain; the Deggwa tradition is medieval but individual collections may be later. No specific century is assigned in the source edition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This record does not provide full incipits or musical notation for the antiphons. It serves as a bibliographic placeholder rather than a critical edition of the chants.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The allowed citation keys include Latin and Greek catena dossiers (e.g., greek-catena-corinthios-i) which are unrelated to Geʿez antiphonary; their relevance is unclear and may cause confusion.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-corinthios-i","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vatican type, from Paris gr. 227)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-corinthios-i"},{"key":"dossier:greek-catena-lucam","label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Gospel of Luke (Type B, from Coislin gr. 23 and Oxford, Bodl. Misc. 182)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-lucam"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 5 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":5},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa":{"label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"},"hollis:alma990022449690203941":{"label":"Catena aurea","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022449690203941"},"ed:LIT3178Deggwa":{"label":"source edition: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"},"hollis:alma990027041560203941":{"label":"History and the historians of medieval Spain","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990027041560203941"},"dossier:greek-catena-corinthios-i":{"label":"gap dossier: Catena on the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vatican type, from Paris gr. 227)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-corinthios-i"},"dossier:greek-catena-lucam":{"label":"gap dossier: Catena on the Gospel of Luke (Type B, from Coislin gr. 23 and Oxford, Bodl. Misc. 182)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-catena-lucam"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Here the text division is provided after BL additional 16195\n\nPart 1, from the feast of St John the Baptist to the\nfeast of Simon, 8 Yakkātit\n\nHymn for the feast of John the Baptist ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ዮሐንስ፡ )\n\nHymn to the fruits of the Earth\n\nHymn for the feast of the Cross\n\nHymn to the flowers ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘጽጌያት፡ )\n\nHymn to Za-Mikāʾel ʾAragāwi\n\nHymn to St Stephen\n\nHymn to ʾEwosṭātewos\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Yoḥanni\n\nHymn to Qʷǝsqʷām ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘቍስቋም፡ )\n\nHymn to the Four Beasts\n\nHymn to St Michael the Archangel\n\nHymn to St Michael the Archangel\n\nHymn to Zechariah","english":"Here the text division is provided after BL additional 16195\n\nPart 1, from the feast of St John the Baptist to the feast of Simon, 8 Yakkātit\n\nHymn for the feast of John the Baptist (Wāzemā za-Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs)\n\nHymn to the fruits of the Earth\n\nHymn for the feast of the Cross\n\nHymn to the flowers (Wāzemā za-Ṣǝgǝyāt)\n\nHymn to Za-Mikāʾel ʾAragāwi\n\nHymn to St Stephen\n\nHymn to ʾEwosṭātewos\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Yoḥanni\n\nHymn to Qʷǝsqʷām (Wāzemā za-Qʷǝsqʷām)\n\nHymn to the Four Beasts\n\nHymn to St Michael the Archangel\n\nHymn to St Michael the Archangel\n\nHymn to Zechariah","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a table of contents for Part 1 of the antiphonary, listing hymns from the feast of John the Baptist to the feast of Simon on 8 Yakkātit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ዋዜማ (Wāzemā)","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term 'Wāzemā' denotes a hymn genre in the Ethiopian liturgical tradition, often used for antiphons or responsorial chants.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript source BL Additional 16195 is a key witness for the Ethiopian antiphonary, providing the structural division used here.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990022449690203941","label":"Catena aurea","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990022449690203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The hymn to Qʷǝsqʷām (ዘቍስቋም) refers to the church of Dabra Qʷǝsqʷām, a site associated with the Ark of the Covenant in Ethiopian tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The list includes two separate hymns to St Michael the Archangel, which may indicate a scribal duplication or distinct liturgical uses.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The feast of Simon on 8 Yakkātit is not further specified; it may refer to Simon the Apostle or another saint.","The hymn to the Four Beasts likely alludes to the four living creatures of Revelation, but the exact referent is not explicit."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Hymn to Ṣǝyon ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘጽዮን፡ )\n\nHymn to the Heavenly Priests\n\nHymn to the Righteous ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘጻድቃን፡ )\n\nHymn to the martyrs\n\nHymn of the supplication ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘአስተምሕሮ፡ )\n\nHymn of supplication\n\nHymn for the preaching ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘስብከት፡ ), for the first Sunday of Advent\n\nHymn to the light ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘብርሃን፡ )\n\nHymn to St Gabriel the Archangel\n\nHymn to the Shepherd ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘኖላዊ፡ )\n\nHymn for the Christmas Eve\n\nHymn for Christmas\n\nHymn for the Sunday after Christmas\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Libānos\n\nHymn to John the Apostle\n\nHymn for circumcision of Christ ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘግዝረት፡ )","english":"Hymn to Ṣǝyon (Wāzemā za-Ṣǝyon)\n\nHymn to the Heavenly Priests\n\nHymn to the Righteous (Wāzemā za-Ṣādeqān)\n\nHymn to the Martyrs\n\nHymn of the Supplication (Wāzemā za-ʾAstaramḥǝro)\n\nHymn of Supplication\n\nHymn for the Preaching (Wāzemā za-Sǝbkät), for the first Sunday of Advent\n\nHymn to the Light (Wāzemā za-Bǝrhān)\n\nHymn to St Gabriel the Archangel\n\nHymn to the Shepherd (Wāzemā za-Nolāwi)\n\nHymn for the Christmas Eve\n\nHymn for Christmas\n\nHymn for the Sunday after Christmas\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Libānos\n\nHymn to John the Apostle\n\nHymn for the Circumcision of Christ (Wāzemā za-Gǝzrat)","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage lists hymn incipits for various feasts and subjects, continuing the sequence from the previous passage. The hymns are grouped by liturgical occasion, with some repeated entries (e.g., two 'Hymn of Supplication').","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Wāzemā","severity":"info","text":"Wāzemā is a Geʿez term for a hymn genre, often used in the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwaḥədo tradition. It appears in several incipits here, indicating a standard liturgical form.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The hymns cover a range of feasts: Ṣǝyon (Zion), the Righteous, Martyrs, Advent, Christmas, and the Circumcision of Christ. This reflects the liturgical calendar of the Ethiopian Church, with Advent beginning the cycle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The incipit 'Hymn to the Shepherd' (Wāzemā za-Nolāwi) likely refers to Christ as the Good Shepherd, a common motif in early Christian hymnody. Similar titles appear in other Eastern Christian traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The repetition of 'Hymn of Supplication' (Wāzemā za-ʾAstaramḥǝro) may indicate a textual duplication or a distinct hymn with the same title. The Geʿez text shows two separate entries, but their relationship is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact liturgical function of each hymn (e.g., whether for morning or evening office) is not specified. The repeated 'Hymn of Supplication' may be a scribal error or a genuine second hymn."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Hymn for the baptism\n\nHymn for the feast of Cana in Galilee\n\nHymn to Simeon\n\nHymn for the Epiphany ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘአስተርእዮ፡ )\n\nHymn to Simeon\n\nLent\n\nPart 2, from Easter to the end of\nthe liturgical year\n\nHymn for the beginning of the Fast ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘቅድስት፡ )\n\nHymn for the Palm Sunday\n\nHymn for the Holy Week ( በሰሙነ፡ ሕማማት፡ )\n\nHymn for the Foot Washing\n\nHymn for Good Friday\n\nHymn for Easter Sunday\n\nHymn of the Passage, for the feast of Easter ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘማዕዶ፡ )\n\nHymn for Easter Monday\n\nHymn for Easter Tuesday\n\nHymn for Easter Wednesday\n\nHymn for the Easter Thursday","english":"Hymn for the Baptism\n\nHymn for the Feast of Cana in Galilee\n\nHymn to Simeon\n\nHymn for the Epiphany (Wāzemā za-ʾAstarʿǝyo)\n\nHymn to Simeon\n\nLent\n\nPart 2, from Easter to the end of the liturgical year\n\nHymn for the Beginning of the Fast (Wāzemā za-Qǝddǝst)\n\nHymn for Palm Sunday\n\nHymn for Holy Week (Ba-Sāmunē Ḥǝmāmāt)\n\nHymn for the Foot Washing\n\nHymn for Good Friday\n\nHymn for Easter Sunday\n\nHymn of the Passage, for the Feast of Easter (Wāzemā za-Maʿǝdo)\n\nHymn for Easter Monday\n\nHymn for Easter Tuesday\n\nHymn for Easter Wednesday\n\nHymn for Easter Thursday","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage marks a transition from hymns for the Christmas season to Lent and then to Part 2, from Easter to the end of the liturgical year.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Wāzemā za-ʾAstarʿǝyo","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez term Wāzemā za-ʾAstarʿǝyo (ዋዜማ፡ ዘአስተርእዮ፡) means 'Hymn for the Epiphany' and is a standard antiphonary heading.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Wāzemā za-Qǝddǝst","severity":"info","text":"Wāzemā za-Qǝddǝst (ዋዜማ፡ ዘቅድስት፡) translates as 'Hymn for the Beginning of the Fast', marking the start of Lent.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Ba-Sāmunē Ḥǝmāmāt","severity":"info","text":"Ba-Sāmunē Ḥǝmāmāt (በሰሙነ፡ ሕማማት፡) means 'Holy Week' (literally 'Week of the Passions'), a key liturgical period.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Wāzemā za-Maʿǝdo","severity":"info","text":"Wāzemā za-Maʿǝdo (ዋዜማ፡ ዘማዕዶ፡) is the 'Hymn of the Passage' for Easter, likely referring to the Paschal vigil or procession.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sequence from Epiphany through Lent to Easter reflects the standard Ethiopic liturgical calendar, with hymns assigned to specific feasts and seasons.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text lists 'Hymn to Simeon' twice, possibly indicating two different hymns or a scribal duplication; the English draft retains both without distinction."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Hymn for the Easter Friday\n\nHymn for the Easter Saturday\n\nHymn for the Sunday In Albis\n\nHymn for St George the Martyr\n\nHymn for the feast of the Birth of Mary\n\nHymn for the Ascension Day\n\nHymn for Pentecost\n\nHymn for the Saturday after Pentecost\n\nHymn for the Sunday after the octave of Ascension Day\n\nHymn to St Michael the Archangel\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Garimā\n\nHymn for the consecration of the Church ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘቅዳሴ፡ )\n\nHymn to Peter and Paul\n\nHymn to the Apostles\n\nHymn to the Trinity\n\nHymn to St Cyriacus ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘቂርቆስ፡ )\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Salāma\n\nHymn to the Virgins","english":"Hymn for the Easter Friday\n\nHymn for the Easter Saturday\n\nHymn for the Sunday In Albis\n\nHymn for St George the Martyr\n\nHymn for the feast of the Birth of Mary\n\nHymn for the Ascension Day\n\nHymn for Pentecost\n\nHymn for the Saturday after Pentecost\n\nHymn for the Sunday after the octave of Ascension Day\n\nHymn to St Michael the Archangel\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Garimā\n\nHymn for the consecration of the Church (Wāzemā za-ḳǝddāse)\n\nHymn to Peter and Paul\n\nHymn to the Apostles\n\nHymn to the Trinity\n\nHymn to St Cyriacus (Wāzemā za-Ḳirqos)\n\nHymn to ʾabbā Salāma\n\nHymn to the Virgins","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a list of hymn incipits or titles, each introduced by 'Hymn for/to' (Wāzemā za- or Hymn to), covering feasts from Easter Friday through the Virgins. It forms the final portion of a larger antiphonary collection.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Wāzemā za-ḳǝddāse","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez phrase 'Wāzemā za-ḳǝddāse' (ዋዜማ፡ ዘቅዳሴ፡) means 'Hymn for the consecration of the Church' or 'Hymn of the Liturgy'. The term 'ḳǝddāse' specifically refers to the Eucharistic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Wāzemā za-Ḳirqos","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez 'Wāzemā za-Ḳirqos' (ዋዜማ፡ ዘቂርቆስ፡) designates a hymn for St Cyriacus. The name 'Ḳirqos' is the Geʿez form of Cyriacus, a martyr venerated in Ethiopian tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The inclusion of hymns for St George, St Michael, ʾabbā Garimā, ʾabbā Salāma, and the Virgins reflects the Ethiopian liturgical calendar's veneration of local and universal saints. ʾabbā Garimā and ʾabbā Salāma are prominent Ethiopian monastic founders.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sequence moves from Easter Friday through Pentecost and then to saints' feasts and the consecration of the church, suggesting a liturgical ordering that follows the movable feasts of the Paschal season before fixed commemorations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The list may be incomplete or selective; the exact number and order of hymns in the original antiphonary is uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"Hymn for the Transfiguration of Christ on Mount Tabor\n\nHymn to the disciples of Christ\n\nHymn for the feast of the Death of Our Lady Mary\n\nHymn to Our Lady Mary\n\nHymn to Our Lady Mary, for saturday\n\nHymn to Abraham\n\nHymn for the saturdays ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘሰናብት፡ )\n\nHymn to St Andrew\n\nHymn for the beheading of John the Baptist\n\nHymn to Raphael the Archangel\n\nHymn for the feast of winter ( ዋዜማ፡ ዘክረምት፡ )\n\nHymn for the feast of winter\n\nHymn to Takla Hāymānot\n\nHymn for the feast of the Cross\n\nTable of melodic variations for the Hallelujah አንቀጸ፡ ሃሌታ፡","english":"Hymn for the Transfiguration of Christ on Mount Tabor\n\nHymn to the disciples of Christ\n\nHymn for the feast of the Death of Our Lady Mary\n\nHymn to Our Lady Mary\n\nHymn to Our Lady Mary, for Saturday\n\nHymn to Abraham\n\nHymn for the Saturdays (Wāzemā za-Sanābt)\n\nHymn to St Andrew\n\nHymn for the Beheading of John the Baptist\n\nHymn to Raphael the Archangel\n\nHymn for the feast of winter (Wāzemā za-Karamt)\n\nHymn for the feast of winter\n\nHymn to Takla Hāymānot\n\nHymn for the feast of the Cross\n\nTable of melodic variations for the Hallelujah (Anqäṣä Hāllētā)","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ዋዜማ፡ ዘሰናብት፡","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez phrase Wāzemā za-Sanābt marks a hymn for Saturdays, a regular weekly commemoration in the Ethiopian liturgical cycle.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ዋዜማ፡ ዘክረምት፡","severity":"info","text":"Wāzemā za-Karamt designates a hymn for the winter season, reflecting the Ethiopian liturgical calendar's seasonal divisions.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"አንቀጸ፡ ሃሌታ፡","severity":"info","text":"Anqäṣä Hāllētā refers to a table of melodic variations for the Hallelujah, a technical musical rubric in the Deggwa tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3178Deggwa","label":"betmas: Antiphonary (general record for multiple-type collections)","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3178Deggwa"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Hymn for the feast of the Death of Our Lady Mary","severity":"info","text":"The feast of the Death (Dormition) of Mary is observed on 21 Ter (29/30 January) in the Ethiopian calendar, with its own hymnody.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Hymn to Takla Hāymānot","severity":"info","text":"Takla Hāymānot is a major Ethiopian saint (14th century), and hymns to him are common in the Deggwa, reflecting his enduring veneration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Hymn for the feast of winter","severity":"caution","text":"The entry 'Hymn for the feast of winter' appears twice in the list, possibly indicating a scribal duplication or two distinct hymns for the same season.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The repeated entry 'Hymn for the feast of winter' may be a scribal error or may denote two separate compositions; the Geʿez text does not disambiguate."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}