{"slug":"LIT3149Haggai","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3149Haggai","title":"Book of Haggai","author":"Anonymous","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T04:53:06Z","cost_usd":0.004284},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT3149Haggai","work_id":"LIT3149Haggai","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"},"stats":{"passages":6,"english_words":1160,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":34,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":13,"work_notes":5,"external_links":3,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"LIT3149Haggai","abstract":"The Geʿez version of the Book of Haggai, preserved in a single Ethiopic manuscript, follows the Septuagint tradition closely, including the longer chronological formula in 2:10 absent from the Masoretic Text. The translation is conventionally dated to the Aksumite period (5th–6th c.) and is used in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition during the season of the Prophets (Nabi’at) before Gǝnna. The English draft accompanying this edition is a modern translation not reflecting the Geʿez syntax or Septuagint Vorlage and should not be used for textual criticism.","historical_context":"The Geʿez translation of the Minor Prophets, including Haggai, is conventionally assigned to the Aksumite period (5th–6th c.), when the Ethiopian church was closely linked to the Greek-speaking Christian world. The translation was made from the Septuagint, as shown by the longer chronological formula in 2:10 (LXX 2:10a) not found in the Masoretic Text. The single manuscript witness used for this edition (betmas) lacks a colophon confirming a precise date for Haggai. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition, Haggai is read during the season of the Prophets (Nabi’at) preceding the celebration of the Birth of Christ (Gǝnna). The text reflects the post-exilic leadership structure of Zerubbabel and Joshua, and includes expansions not present in the Hebrew, such as 'you drink but are not quenched' and 'you clothe yourselves but are not warm'.","significance":"This Geʿez version of Haggai is significant as a witness to the Septuagint-based Old Testament canon in the Ethiopian tradition, preserving textual features lost in the Masoretic tradition. It also illustrates the Aksumite translation practices and the liturgical use of the Minor Prophets in the Ethiopian church. The text's expansions and free renderings provide insight into the interpretive traditions of the translators.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–6th c.","event":"Conventional dating of the Geʿez translation of the Minor Prophets, including Haggai, during the Aksumite period."},{"date":"6th c. or later","event":"Manuscript witness used for this edition copied, though no colophon confirms a precise date."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Edition published by betmas based on a single Ethiopic manuscript."}],"relations":[{"work":"Septuagint (LXX)","relation":"Vorlage for the Geʿez translation","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Masoretic Text of Haggai","relation":"Differs in chronological formula (2:10) and expansions","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Other Geʿez Minor Prophets","relation":"Part of the same translation corpus","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo lectionary","relation":"Used liturgically during Nabi’at","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas edition of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai","reason":"Primary source for this dossier"},{"key":"ed:LIT3149Haggai","label":"Editorial notes on Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai","reason":"Provides context for the edition"},{"key":"wikipedia:Book of Haggai","label":"Wikipedia article on the Book of Haggai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Haggai","reason":"General background on the biblical book"}],"cautions":["The Geʿez translation is conventionally dated to the Aksumite period (5th–6th c.), but no colophon confirms a precise date for Haggai.","This edition is based on a single Ethiopic manuscript witness; no critical apparatus records variant readings from other Geʿez manuscripts.","The English draft accompanying this edition is a modern translation and should not be used for textual criticism."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000419,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:45:04Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT3149Haggai","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":6,"translated":6,"commentary_passages":6,"commentary_units":34,"english_words":1160,"source_letters":2834,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez text of Haggai follows the Septuagint tradition closely, including the longer chronological formula in 2:10 (LXX 2:10a) absent from the Masoretic Text.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition (betmas) is based on a single Ethiopic manuscript witness; no critical apparatus records variant readings from other Geʿez manuscripts.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez translation of the Minor Prophets is conventionally dated to the Aksumite period (5th–6th c.), but no colophon in this edition confirms a precise date for Haggai.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition, Haggai is read during the season of the Prophets (Nabi’at) preceding the celebration of the Birth of Christ (Gǝnna).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft accompanying this edition is a modern translation; it does not reflect the Geʿez syntax or the Septuagint Vorlage, and should not be used for textual criticism.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 6 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":6},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT3149Haggai":{"label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"},"ed:LIT3149Haggai":{"label":"source edition: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Text of the EOTC printed Bible\n\nChapter 1\n\nበካልእ፡ ዓመተ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለዳርዩስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ በሳድስ፡ ወርኃ፡ አመ፡ ሠርቅ፡ ኮነ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በእደ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነቢይ፡ ወይቤ፡ በሎ፡ ለዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሳላያል፡ ዘሕዝብ፡ ይሁዳ፡ ወለዮሴዕለ፡ ወልደ፡ ዮሴዴቅ፡ ካህን፡ ዓቢይ፡ ወበሎም።\n\nከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ይብሉ፡ ኢብጽሐ፡ ጊዜ፡ ለሐኒፆ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር።\n\nወኮነ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በእዶ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነብይ፡ ወይበሌ።\n\nእመ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ለክሙ፡ ትንበሩ፡ ዉስተ፡ ልገታተ፡ ቀላያት፡ ወዝኒ፡ ቤትየ፡ ይመዘብር።\n\nወይእዜኒ፡ ከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሎ፡ ይመልክ፡ ሐልዩ፡ እስኩ፡ በልብክሙ፡ ፍናዊክሙ።\n\nዘሪኩም፡ ብዙኀ፡ ወአእተዉክሙ፡ ኀዳጠ፡ ትበልዑ፡ ወኢትጸግቡ፡ ትስትዩ፡ ወኢትረዉዩ፡ ትትከደኑ፡ ወኢትመዉቅ፡ ወዘያስተጋብዕ፡ ዓስቦ፡ አስተጋብኦ፡ ዉሰተ፡ ዕቁር፡ ስቁር።\n\nከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡ ሐልዩ፡ ፍናዊክሙ።","english":"Chapter 1\n\nIn the second year of the reign of Darius the king, on the sixth month, on the day of the new moon, the word of the Lord came through the hand of Haggai the prophet, and he said, Speak to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, of the tribe of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and say to them:\n\nThus says the Lord of all: This people say, The time has come for the building of the house of the Lord.\n\nAnd the word of the Lord came through the hand of Haggai the prophet, and he said:\n\nFrom the time you dwell in the houses of the valleys, and this house of mine lies desolate.\n\nAnd now thus says the Lord of all: Consider your ways.\n\nYou have sown much and brought in little; you eat but are not satisfied; you drink but are not quenched; you clothe yourselves but are not warm; and what is gathered is stored in the storehouse.\n\nThus says the Lord of all: Consider your ways.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"በካልእ፡ ዓመተ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለዳርዩስ፡ ንጉሥ፡ በሳድስ፡ ወርኃ፡ አመ፡ ሠርቅ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula dates the prophecy to the second year of Darius, sixth month, new moon, matching the Masoretic Text's chronological superscription (Hag 1:1).","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሐጌ","severity":"info","text":"The name Haggai (ሐጌ) is the Geʿez transliteration of the Hebrew prophet's name; the same form appears in the EOTC canon.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Thus says the Lord of all' (ከመዝ ይቤ እግዚአብሔር ዘኩሉ ይመልክ) is a standard prophetic formula in Geʿez, echoing the Hebrew 'כה אמר ה'' and used throughout the Minor Prophets.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሳላያል፡","severity":"info","text":"Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel (ዘሩባቤል ወልደ ሳላያል) is the Davidic governor of Judah under Persian rule; Joshua son of Jehozadak (ዮሴዕለ ወልደ ዮሴዴቅ) is the high priest. Their pairing reflects the post-exilic leadership structure.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢብጽሐ፡ ጊዜ፡ ለሐኒፆ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር።","severity":"info","text":"The people's saying 'The time has come for the building of the house of the Lord' (ኢብጽሐ ጊዜ ለሐኒፆ ቤተ እግዚአብሔር) parallels Hag 1:2, where the people delay rebuilding the Temple.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘሪኩም፡ ብዙኀ፡ ወአእተዉክሙ፡ ኀዳጠ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'You have sown much and brought in little' (ዘሪኩም ብዙኀ ወአእተዉክሙ ኀዳጠ) is a free rendering of the Hebrew; the Geʿez adds 'you drink but are not quenched' and 'you clothe yourselves but are not warm', expansions not in the Masoretic Text.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text does not specify whether the 'houses of the valleys' (ልገታተ ቀላያት) refers to specific locations or is a general metaphor for lowland dwellings.","The phrase 'what is gathered is stored in the storehouse' (ዘያስተጋብዕ ዓስቦ አስተጋብኦ ዉሰተ ዕቁር ስቁር) is ambiguous in meaning; it may refer to grain storage or metaphorically to hoarding."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ዕርጉ፡ ደብረ፡ ወግዝሙ፡ ዕፀወ፡ ወሕንጹ፡ ቤተ፡ ወእሠምሮ፡ ወእሴባሕ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር።\n\nርኢክሙ፡ ብዙኀ፡ ወኮነ፡ ኀዳጠ፡ ወአባእከሙ፡ ቤተ፡ ወነፈኀክዋ፡ በእንተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሎ፡ ይመልክ፡ እስመ፡ ቤትየ፡ መዝበረ፡ ወአንትሙስ፡ ታጸንዑ፡ አብያቲክሙ፡ ኩልከሙ።\n\nበእንተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ታቀዉም፡ ሰማይ፡ ዝናመ፡ ምላዕሉ፡ ወምድርኒ፡ ኢትሁብ፡ ፍሬሃ።\n\nወአመጽእ፡ ኩናተ፡ ላዕለ፡ በሐዉርት፡ ወላዕለ፡ አድባር፡ ወላዕለ፡ እክለ፡ ወወይን፡ ወቅብአ፡ ወላዕለ፡ ሰብእ፡ ወእንስሳ፡ ወላዕለ፡ ኩሉ፡ ተግባረ፡ እደዊሆም።\n\nወስምዐ፡ ዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሰላትያል፡ ዘሕዝበ፡ ይሁዳ፡ ወዬሴዕ፡ ወልደ፡ ዬሴዴቅ፡ ካህን፡ ዓቢይ፡ ወኩሉኦም፡ ሕዝብ፡ እለ፡ ተርፉ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላኮሙ፡ ወቃለ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነቢይ፡ ዘከመ፡ ለአኮ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ እምላኮሙ፡ ኀቤሆሙ፡ ወፈርሁ፡ ሕዝብ፡ እምቅድም፡ ገጹ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር።\n\nወይቤ፡ ሐጌ፡ መልክ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለሕዝብ፡ አነ፡ ምስሌክሙ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዝያብሔር።","english":"altar, mountain, and timber, and build the house, and I will serve and praise, says the Lord.\n\nI have seen you many, and it became lacking, and you have brought into the house and have driven it out because of this, thus says the Lord who rules over all, because my house is desolate, and you yourselves strengthen all your houses.\n\nBecause of this, the sky will withhold its rain, and the earth will withhold its fruit.\n\nAnd I will bring famine upon the valleys, and upon the mountains, and upon grain and wine and oil, and upon men and beasts, and upon all the works of their hands.\n\nAnd Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel of the people of Judah, and Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and all the people who remained heard the word of the Lord their God and the word of Haggai the prophet, as the Lord their God had sent to them, and the people feared before the face of the Lord.\n\nAnd Haggai said, The kingdom of the Lord to the people: I am with you, says the Lord.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ዕርጉ፡ ደብረ፡ ወግዝሙ፡ ዕፀወ፡ ወሕንጹ፡ ቤተ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening clause continues the divine command from the previous passage, listing materials (altar, mountain, timber) for building the temple, forming a direct link to the preceding narrative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሎ፡ ይመልክ፡","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'Lord who rules over all' (እግዚአብሔር ዘኩሎ ይመልክ) is a standard Geʿez rendering of the divine title, emphasizing universal sovereignty in the prophetic address.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ርኢክሙ፡ ብዙኀ፡ ወኮነ፡ ኀዳጠ፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'I have seen you many, and it became lacking' echoes the biblical theme of neglect of the temple (cf. Hag 1:4), where the people's prosperity contrasts with the temple's ruin.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT3149Haggai","label":"source edition: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሰላትያል፡","severity":"info","text":"Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel is the Davidic governor of Judah under Persian rule; Joshua son of Jehozadak is the high priest. Their joint mention reflects the post-exilic leadership structure in Haggai's time.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ወፈርሁ፡ ሕዝብ፡ እምቅድም፡ ገጹ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር።","severity":"info","text":"The people's fear 'before the face of the Lord' (እምቅድም ገጹ ለእግዚአብሔር) is a Geʿez liturgical formula, emphasizing reverence and submission, typical in Ethiopic reception of prophetic narratives.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ወይቤ፡ ሐጌ፡ መልክ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለሕዝብ፡","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'Haggai said, The kingdom of the Lord to the people' is syntactically ambiguous: it may mean Haggai proclaims the Lord's kingdom to the people, or that Haggai speaks as the Lord's representative. The Geʿez allows both readings.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'መልክ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለሕዝብ፡' could be read as 'the kingdom of the Lord to the people' or 'the Lord's message to the people'; the Geʿez is ambiguous.","The opening list 'ዕርጉ፡ ደብረ፡ ወግዝሙ፡ ዕፀወ፡' may be a fragmentary continuation of the previous passage's command, lacking a finite verb."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ወአንሥአ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መንፈስ፡ ዘሩባቤል፡ ዋልደ፡ ሰላትያል፡ ዘሕዝበ፡ ይሁዳ፡ ወመንፈሰ፡ የሴዕ፡ ወልደ፡ ዩሴዴቅ፡ ካህን፡ ዓቢይ፡ ወመንፈሶሙ፡ ለኩሉም፡ እለ፡ ተርፉ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ወቦኦ፡ ይግበሩ፡ ግብረ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክሙ፡ ዘኩሎ፡ ይመልክ።\n\nChapter 2\n\nአመ፡ ዕሥራ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ ለሳድስ፡ ወርኀ፡ በሰዱስ፡ ዓመት።\n\nበሳብዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ በሰዱስ፡ ለጽልበት፡ ነበበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በእደ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነቢይ፡ ወይቤሎ።\n\nበሎ፡ ለዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሰላትያል፡ ዘሕዝበ፡ ይሁዳ፡ ወለዩሴዕ፡ ወልደ፡ ዩሴዴቅ፡ ካህን፡ ዓቢይ፡ ወለኩሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ተርፉ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ወይቤ።\n\nመኑ፡ እምኔክሙ፡ ዘርአዩ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ ቤት፡ ትርሲቶ፡ ዘትካት፡ ወእፎ፡ ትሬእይዎ፡ ይእዜ፡ እንትሙከመ፡ ዘኢሀሎ፡ ቅድሜክሙ።\n\nወይአዜኒ፡ ጽናዕ፡ ዘሩባቤል፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወይጽናዕ፡ ዩሴዕ፡ ወልደ፡ ዩሴዴቅ፡ ካህን፡ ዓቢይ፡ ወይጽንዑ፡ አሕዛብ፡ ምድር፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወግብሩ፡ ወአነ፡ ሀሎኩ፡ ምስሌክሙ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአቤሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ።","english":"And the Lord raised up the spirit of Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, of the people of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and the spirit of all the people who remained, and they began to perform the work of the house of the Lord, their God, who rules over all.\n\nChapter 2\n\nIn the twenty-fourth of the sixth month, in the sixth year.\n\nIn the seventh month, on the twenty-first day, the Lord spoke through the hand of Haggai the prophet, and said to him:\n\nHe said to Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, of the people of Judah, and to Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to all the people who remained, and said:\n\nWho among you has seen this house in its former glory, and how do you see it now, while you are standing where it once stood?\n\nAnd again, be strong, Zerubbabel, says the Lord; and be strong, Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest; and be strong, peoples of the land, says the Lord; and work, and I am with you, says the Lord, who rules over all.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Chapter 2","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez text inserts a chapter heading between the narrative introduction and the dated prophecy, mirroring the Masoretic Text's chapter division.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"በሳብዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ በሰዱስ፡ ለጽልበት፡","severity":"info","text":"The date 'seventh month, on the twenty-first day' in the sixth year corresponds to the biblical date of Haggai 2:1 (MT), though the Geʿez also gives a second date (24th of the 6th month) that is not in the MT.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ትርሲቶ፡ ዘትካት፡","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'its former glory' (ትርሲቶ፡ ዘትካት፡) uses ትርሲቶ (tərsito) for 'glory' or 'splendor', a term often applied to the Temple's past state in Geʿez biblical paraphrase.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"መኑ፡ እምኔክሙ፡ ዘርአዩ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ ቤት፡ ትርሲቶ፡ ዘትካት፡","severity":"info","text":"This rhetorical question echoes Haggai 2:3 (MT), where the prophet asks who remembers the Temple's former glory, though the Geʿez expands the address to include Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ወአንሥአ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መንፈስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'the Lord raised up the spirit' (ወአንሥአ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መንፈስ፡) is a Geʿez interpretive addition, emphasizing divine inspiration of the leaders, not present in the MT or LXX of Haggai.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"በሳብዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ በሰዱስ፡ ለጽልበት፡","severity":"caution","text":"The date 'seventh month, on the twenty-first day' (በሳብዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ በሰዱስ፡ ለጽልበት፡) is ambiguous: the Geʿez may conflate two different dates from the MT (Hag 2:1 and 2:20) or reflect a separate tradition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Geʿez text gives two dates (24th of 6th month and 21st of 7th month) that do not align with the single date in the MT of Haggai 2:1; the relationship between them is unclear.","The phrase 'through the hand of Haggai the prophet' (በእደ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነቢይ፡) may imply a scribal or prophetic intermediary, but the Geʿez does not specify whether this is a literal or figurative expression."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ወመንፈስየ፡ ይቀዉም፡ ምእከሌክሙ፡ ተአመኑ።\n\nከመዝ፡ የቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡ ዓዲ፡ ምዕረ፡ ወአነ፡ አድለቀልቃ፡ ለሰማይ፡ ወለምድር፡ ወለባሕር፡ ወለየብሰ።\n\nወድለቀልቆም፡ ለኩሎሙ፡ አሕዛብ፡ ወየመጹእ፡ ኀሩሆሙ፡ ለኩሎሙ፡ አሕዛብ፡ ወእመልሎ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ ቤት፡ ትርሲተ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ።\n\nዚአየ፡ ዉእቱ፡ ወርቅ፡ ዉብሩር፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሄር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ።\n\nወይኄይስ፡ ትርሲቱ፡ ላዝንቱ፡ ቤት፡ ደኃሪቱ፡ ምቀዳሚቱ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ። ወእሁብ፡ ስላመ፡ ለዝንቴ፡ ብሔር፡ ይቤ፡ እዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡ ወሰላመ፡ ለኩሉ፡ ነፍስ፡ እንተ፡ ትትጌበር፡ ወየትነሣእ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ቤት።\n\nአመ፡ ዕሥራ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ ለታስዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ በካልእት፡ ዓመተ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለዳርዩስ፡ ኮነ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ኀበ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነቢይ፡ ወይቤሉ።\n\nከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ያማልክ፡ ታስአሎሙአ፡ ለካህናቲክ፡ ሕገ፡ ወበሎሙ።","english":"And the spirit of the Lord shall stand in your midst; believe.\n\nFor thus says the Lord of all: Again, a hundred and I have shaken the heavens and the earth and the sea and the dry land.\n\nAnd I have shaken all the peoples, and their leaders have come forth for all the peoples. And I will say concerning this house: \"The inheritance,\" says the Lord of all.\n\n\"It is mine: gold and silver,\" says the Lord of all.\n\n\"And the inheritance of this house, the last and the first,\" says the Lord of all. \"And I will give peace to this land,\" says the Lord of all. \"And peace to every soul that is built and rises in this house.\"\n\nOn the twenty-fourth of the ninth month, in the second year of the reign of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Haggai the prophet, and he said:\n\nFor thus says the Lord of all: Ask your priests concerning the law, and tell them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ወመንፈስየ፡ ይቀዉም፡ ምእከሌክሙ፡ ተአመኑ።","severity":"info","text":"The passage begins with a divine speech formula, shifting from the narrative of the previous passage to a series of oracles attributed to the Lord of all.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'Lord of all' (እግዚአብሔር ዘኩሉ ይመልክ) is a distinctive Geʿez rendering of the divine title, emphasizing universal sovereignty.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመዝ፡ የቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡ ዓዲ፡ ምዕረ፡ ወአነ፡ አድለቀልቃ፡ ለሰማይ፡ ወለምድር፡ ወለባሕር፡ ወለየብሰ።","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'I have shaken the heavens and the earth and the sea and the dry land' echoes theophanic language found in prophetic literature, though not a direct quotation from the biblical Haggai.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"አመ፡ ዕሥራ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ ለታስዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ በካልእት፡ ዓመተ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለዳርዩስ፡","severity":"info","text":"The date 'twenty-fourth of the ninth month, in the second year of the reign of Darius' provides a historical anchor, aligning with the Persian period and the biblical Haggai's setting.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ከመዝ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ያማልክ፡ ታስአሎሙአ፡ ለካህናቲክ፡ ሕገ፡ ወበሎሙ።","severity":"info","text":"The command 'Ask your priests concerning the law' reflects the Geʿez tradition's emphasis on priestly authority and legal instruction, possibly adapting the biblical text for a liturgical context.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ወመንፈስየ፡ ይቀዉም፡ ምእከሌክሙ፡ ተአመኑ።' is ambiguous: it may mean 'And my spirit shall stand in your midst; believe' or could be read as a continuation of the previous narrative. The translation takes it as a divine speech.","The reference to 'a hundred' (ምዕረ) in the shaking formula is unclear; it may be a textual corruption or a symbolic number."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"እመአ፡ ለከፎ፡ ለሰብአ፡ ሥጋ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ጽንፈ፡ ልብሱ፡ ወለከፎ፡ በዘፈረ፡ ልብሱ፡ እመሂ፡ ኀብስተ፡ ወእመሂ፡ ወይነ፡ ወእመሂ፡ ብሱለ፡ ወእመሂ፡ ዛኮነ፡ እክል፡ ወእመሂ፡ ቅብእ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ይትቄደሰኑ፡ ዋይቤሉ፡ ካህናት፡ ኢይትቄደስ።\n\nወይሌሎሙ፡ ሐጌ፡ ከማሁ፡ እመኬ፡ ለክፎ፡ ርኩስ፡ ወሥኡ፡ በነፍስ፡ ይረኩሰኑአ፡ እምኩሉ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ወይቤሉ፡ ካህናት፡ ይረኩስ።\n\nወይቤሎሙ፡ ሐጌ፡ ከማሁኬአ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ወነገደ፡ ቅድመየ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአቤሔር፡ ወከማሁ፡ ኩሉ፡ ግብረ፡ እደዊሆሙ፡ ወኩሉ፡ ግብረ፡ እደዊሆሙ፡ ወኩሉ፡ ዘቀረቦሙ፡ ይረኩስ፡ በአንተ፡ ዘተረፎሙ፡ በጽባሕ፡ ይሣቀዩ፡ በቅድመ፡ ሕማሞሙ፡ ወይጸልእዎሙ፡ ለእለ፡ ይጌሥጽዎሙ፡ በኅበ፡ አናቅጽ።\n\nወይእዘኒ፡ ሐልዩ፡ በልብክሙ፡ ዘእምአሜ፡ ቀዳሚት፡ ዕለት፡ ወዘእምቅድሜሁ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ያንብሩ፡ እብነ፡ ዲበ፡ እብን፡ ዉስተ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መኑ፡ አንትሙ።\n\nአመ፡ ትዘርኡ፡ ዕሥራ፡ ሰገመ፡ ወታትዉ፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ሰገመ፡ ወትበዉኡ፡ ኀበ፡ ምክያድ፡ ትቅድሑ፡ ኃምሳ፡ ጻሕበ፡ ወትቀድሑ፡ ዕሥራ።","english":"From where? For the one who is clothed in holy flesh, the fringe of his garment, and for the one who is clothed in a garment of wool, from the bread and from the wine and from the cooked food and from the zakon grain and from the holy oil, shall it be consecrated? Woe to them, the priests, it is not consecrated.\n\nAnd Haggai said to them likewise: From where? For the one who is unclean, and he who touches with his soul shall defile them from all of this. And the priests said: He defiles.\n\nAnd Haggai said to them likewise: Is this the people and the tribe before me? The Lord said, and likewise all the work of their hands and all the work of their hands and all that they have offered is defiled by you who have remained for them. In the morning they bathe before their sickness, and they curse those who mock them in the secret of the corners.\n\nAnd moreover, consider in your heart: from the first day and from before him, without placing stone upon stone within the house of the Lord, who are you?\n\nWhen you sow twenty measures and harvest ten measures and bring it to the threshing floor, you tithe fifty measures and you tithe twenty.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ዛኮነ","severity":"info","text":"The term ዛኮነ (zakon) likely refers to a specific type of grain or foodstuff, possibly of foreign origin, used in ritual contexts. Its precise meaning is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a series of rhetorical questions about ritual purity to a direct admonition from Haggai, followed by a numerical example about tithing, creating a didactic structure.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The concern with defilement through touch and the need for purification before sickness reflects Jewish purity laws, which are adapted in Ethiopic Christian tradition to address priestly and lay ritual status.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The numerical example (sowing twenty, harvesting ten, tithing fifty and twenty) is inconsistent and may be corrupt or symbolic; the arithmetic does not match standard tithing practice.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage expands on the biblical Haggai's concern with temple purity, but introduces detailed purity questions and a tithing example not found in the canonical book, reflecting later Ethiopic liturgical elaboration.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the one who is clothed in holy flesh' and 'the one who is clothed in a garment of wool' is unclear; they may refer to specific priestly or lay categories.","The phrase 'before their sickness' is ambiguous; it may refer to purification before a ritual impurity or a literal illness.","The numerical example is inconsistent and its intended meaning is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ቀሠፍኩክሙ፡ በዓባር፡ ወበበረድ፡ በኩሉ፡ ተግባረ፡ እደዊክሙ፡ ወኢነሳሕክሙ፡ ወኢተመየጥክሙ፡ ኀቤየ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ።\n\nሐልዩ፡ በልብክም፡ ዘእምአሜ፡ ቀዳሚት፡ ዕለት፡ ወዘእምድኀሬሃ፡ ዘእመ፡ ተሱዑ፡ ለጽልመት፡ ታስዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ ዘእምአመ፡ ሣረሩ፡ ቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ተዘከርዎ፡ ብልክሙ።\n\nወትሬእዩ፡ በዉሰተ፡ ምክያደ፡ ክል፡ ወወይን፡ ወበለስ፡ ወሮማን፡ ወዘይት፡ ወኩሉ፡ ዕፅ፡ ዘኢያፈሪ፡ እባርኮሙ፡ እምዩም።\n\nወኮነ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በዳግም፡ ኀበ፡ ሐጌ፡ ነቢይ፡ አመ፡ ዕሥራ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ ለጋስዕ፡ ወርኀ፡ ወይቤሎ።\n\nበሎ፡ ለዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሰላትያል፡ ዘሕዝበ፡ ይሁዳ፡ ናሁ፡ አነ፡ አድለቀልቃ፡ ለሰማይ፡ ለምድር፡ ወለበህር፡ ወለየብስ።\n\nወእገፈትዕ፡ መናብርተ፡ ነገሥ፡ ወእገፈትዕ፡ ሠረገላ፡ ወመስተጽዕናነ፡ ወይወርዱ፡ መስተጽዕናን፡ በአፍራሲሆሙ፡ ምስለ፡ አስይፍቲሆሙ፡ ኀበ፡ ቢጾሙ።\n\nይእተ፡ አሚረ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ፡ አነሥአከ፡ ዘሩባቤል፡ ወልደ፡ ሰላትያል፡ ውሬስየክ፡ ከመ፡ ማዕተብ፡ እስመ፡ ኪያክ፡ ኀረይኩ፡ ይቤ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘኩሉ፡ ይመልክ።","english":"I have struck you with blight and with hail, with all the work of your hands, and I have not forgiven you, and I have not cleansed you before me, says the Lord of All.\n\nRemain in your heart from the first day and from after it, if you have been troubled for darkness, you will set the month from when they planted the house of the Lord; remember it, I say to you.\n\nAnd you will see within the measure of every cup and wine and olive and pomegranate and oil and every tree that does not bear fruit; I will bless them from today.\n\nAnd the word of the Lord came a second time to Haggai the prophet on the twenty-fourth of the month Gāseʿ, and he said to him:\n\nSay to Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, of the people of Judah: Behold, I have shaken the heavens, the earth, and the sea, and the dry land.\n\nAnd I will overturn the thrones of kings, and I will overturn the chariot and the charioteers, and the charioteers will descend on their horses with their swords to their punishment.\n\nThis having been said, the Lord of All says: I have raised you up, Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel; I have appointed you as a seal, for I have chosen you, says the Lord of All.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"በዳግም","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'a second time' marks a new prophetic oracle, distinct from the preceding dialogue about purity.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ዕሥራ ወአርባዕቱ ለጋስዕ ወርኀ","severity":"info","text":"The date 'twenty-fourth of the month Gāseʿ' corresponds to the second year of Darius (520 BCE), consistent with Haggai's historical setting.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዘሩባቤል ወልደ ሰላትያል","severity":"info","text":"Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, was the Persian-appointed governor of Judah and a key figure in the restoration of the Temple.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አነሥአከ ዘሩባቤል ... ከመ ማዕተብ","severity":"info","text":"The image of Zerubbabel as a 'seal' (ማዕተብ) echoes the biblical theme of divine election, reminiscent of Haggai 2:23.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"አድለቀልቃ ለሰማይ ለምድር ወለበህር ወለየብስ","severity":"info","text":"The shaking of heavens, earth, sea, and dry land parallels theophanic language in Psalms 18:8 and 77:18, common in Ethiopic liturgy.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ተሱዑ ለጽልመት ታስዕ ወርኀ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'troubled for darkness, you will set the month' is obscure; the Geʿez may be corrupt or elliptical, and the English draft's rendering is tentative.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT3149Haggai","label":"betmas: Book of Haggai","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT3149Haggai"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The meaning of 'troubled for darkness, you will set the month' is unclear; possibly a reference to a lunar or cultic calendar.","The identity of the 'charioteers' and their 'punishment' is ambiguous; may reflect later apocalyptic interpretation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}