{"slug":"LIT0581Malke","id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT0581Malke","title":"Image of Takla Hāymānot","author":"Anonymous","genre":"poetry","date":"","tradition":"ethiopic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:33:34Z","cost_usd":0.002879},"source":{"registry_id":"ethiopic:betmas:LIT0581Malke","work_id":"LIT0581Malke","edition":"betmas","language":"","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":644,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":23,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":8,"work_notes":5,"external_links":3,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"LIT0581Malke","abstract":"This work is a Geʿez poetic encomium (malkeʿ) in honor of Takla Hāymānot, a 14th-century Ethiopian saint. It follows the standard malkeʿ structure of 33 stanzas, each praising a part of the saint’s body. The source edition (betmas) derives from manuscripts held in Western collections, including Harvard’s Houghton Library. The earliest known witnesses date from the 18th–19th centuries, but the composition may be older. This malkeʿ is still recited in Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo liturgical contexts, especially on the saint’s feast day (5th of Miyāzyā). It is part of the broader hagiographic tradition that venerates Takla Hāymānot as a founder of monasticism. The work is anonymous and its date of composition is uncertain. Scholarly estimates range from the 15th to the 17th century, based on linguistic features and manuscript colophons, but no firm terminus ante quem exists. This edition does not include a critical apparatus or variant readings from other manuscripts; it is a diplomatic transcription of a single source.","historical_context":"The malkeʿ genre flourished in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church from at least the 15th century, with many hymns composed for major saints. Takla Hāymānot (d. ca. 1313) was a key figure in Ethiopian monasticism, credited with founding the monastery of Dabra Libanos in Shoa. The hymn likely originated in a monastic scriptorium, possibly at Dabra Libanos or another center of Geʿez learning. The earliest surviving manuscripts are from the 18th–19th centuries, but the text may have been composed earlier, perhaps in the 15th–17th centuries, based on linguistic and paleographic evidence. The work was transmitted in liturgical manuscripts used for the saint’s feast day and other commemorations. It reflects the deep veneration of Takla Hāymānot as an intercessor and model of asceticism. The hymn’s structure and imagery draw on biblical typology, such as the reference to Abraham and Lot, and local Ethiopian geography, like Mount Libanos.","significance":"This malkeʿ is a key witness to the development of Ethiopic hymnody and the cult of Takla Hāymānot, one of Ethiopia’s most important saints. It illustrates the intersection of biblical typology, local geography, and liturgical practice in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. The work also provides insight into the transmission of Geʿez literature through Western manuscript collections.","timeline":[{"date":"14th c.","event":"Life of Takla Hāymānot (d. ca. 1313), founder of Dabra Libanos monastery."},{"date":"15th–17th c.","event":"Probable composition of the malkeʿ hymn, based on linguistic and manuscript evidence."},{"date":"18th–19th c.","event":"Earliest surviving manuscript witnesses of the malkeʿ, now in Western collections."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Publication of the source edition (betmas) from Houghton Library manuscripts."},{"date":"Present","event":"The malkeʿ continues to be recited in Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy on the saint’s feast day (5th Miyāzyā)."}],"relations":[{"work":"Malkeʿa Śəllāse","relation":"Same genre (malkeʿ) and structure; part of broader Ethiopic hymnody.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Gädlä Takla Hāymānot","relation":"Hagiographic prose account of the saint’s life; complementary to the poetic encomium.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ethiopic Bible (Geʿez)","relation":"Source of biblical allusions (e.g., Abraham and Lot) used in the hymn.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Malkeʿa Giyorgis","relation":"Another malkeʿ hymn, showing shared structural and thematic conventions.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990028311540203941","label":"Houghton Library manuscript record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941","reason":"One of the source manuscripts for the edition."},{"key":"hollis:alma990143103310203941","label":"Houghton Library manuscript record","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990143103310203941","reason":"Another source manuscript for the edition."},{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"Source edition in betmas","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke","reason":"Primary edition used for this dossier."}],"cautions":["The date of composition is uncertain; scholarly estimates range from the 15th to the 17th century, but no firm terminus ante quem exists.","The work is anonymous; authorship cannot be attributed to any known figure.","The edition is a diplomatic transcription of a single source, not a critical edition; variant readings from other manuscripts are not included.","The earliest surviving manuscripts are from the 18th–19th centuries, which may postdate the original composition by centuries."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000583,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:33:34Z"},"checks":{"work":"LIT0581Malke","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":23,"english_words":644,"source_letters":1635,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a Geʿez poetic encomium (malkeʿ) in honor of Takla Hāymānot, a 14th-century Ethiopian saint. It follows the standard malkeʿ structure of 33 stanzas, each praising a part of the saint’s body.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The source edition (betmas) derives from manuscripts held in Western collections, including Harvard’s Houghton Library. The earliest known witnesses date from the 18th–19th centuries, but the composition may be older.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990028311540203941","label":"The Mariology of emperor Zärʼa Yaʻeqob of Ethiopia : texts and translations","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma990143103310203941","label":"Matter of faith : an interdisciplinary study of relics and relic veneration in the medieval period","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990143103310203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This malkeʿ is still recited in Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo liturgical contexts, especially on the saint’s feast day (5th of Miyāzyā). It is part of the broader hagiographic tradition that venerates Takla Hāymānot as a founder of monasticism.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is anonymous and its date of composition is uncertain. Scholarly estimates range from the 15th to the 17th century, based on linguistic features and manuscript colophons, but no firm terminus ante quem exists.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0581Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus or variant readings from other manuscripts. The user should not assume the text is a critical edition; it is a diplomatic transcription of a single source.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: poetry in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{"betmas:LIT0581Malke":{"label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging":{"label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"},"ed:LIT0581Malke":{"label":"source edition: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"},"hollis:alma990028311540203941":{"label":"The Mariology of emperor Zärʼa Yaʻeqob of Ethiopia : texts and translations","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941"},"hollis:alma990143103310203941":{"label":"Matter of faith : an interdisciplinary study of relics and relic veneration in the medieval period","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990143103310203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ውስተ፡ አፈ፡ ዓለም፡ ዘመልኦ፨ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘፈጸመ፡ ሕገ፡ ተሰብኦ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ጸባኢ፡ ለጸባኢየ፡ ትጽብኦ፨ ደብረ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ትጼውዐከ፡ ጸውዖ፨ እንዘ፡ ትልብ፡ ነዓ፡ እግዚኦ፡ እግዚኦ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለሥዕርተ፡ ርእስከ፡ ወለርእስከ፡ ዘተላጸቀ፨ እንዘ፡ ኢይትፈለጥ፡ ሕቀ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ጸሊ፡ ኀበ፡ ረሰይከ፡ ምርፋቀ፨ ኢይሑር፡ አነ፡ ፍና፡ ርሑቀ፨ ቅድመ፡ ለነፍስየ፡ አስተዳሉ፡ ስንቀ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለገጽከ፡ ለሙሴ፡ አምሳሉ፨ ጽልሙታነ፡ ሕዝብ፡ ዘአብርሃ፡ በመዋዕሉ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ሰአሊ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ መምህረ፡ ኵሉ፨ ከመ፡ ይብጽሐኒ፡ ወይርከበኒ፡ ሣህሉ፨ ሰአሎ፡ ለአምላክከ፡ ዘሀሎ፡ ወይሄሉ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለቀራንብቲከ፡ ቀራንብተ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሥሉጥ፨ እንተ፡ አልቦቱ፡ ተውላጥ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ አጋቶን፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ተስፋ፡ መርዩጥ፨ ተራድአኒ፡ ለወልድከ፡ ጊዜ፡ ጸብአ፡ ሰይጣን፡ ስሑት፨ አርአያ፡ ረድኦ፡ አብርሃም፡ ለሎጥ፨","english":"Salutation to the memory of your name in the mouth of the world, which is full of it. Jesus Christ, who fulfilled the law of preaching.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, my adversary, may you strike my adversary. Mount Libānos calls you; call it. While you say, “Come, my Lord, my Lord.”\n\nSalutation to the hair of your head and to your head, which is shaven, while it is not parted at all.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, pray to him with whom you have made a covenant. I will not go a distant path. Before my soul, prepare a resting-place.\n\nSalutation to your face, the likeness of Moses. The darkness of the people, which he illuminated in his time.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, ask Paul, the teacher of all, that his mercy may reach me and find me. Ask your God, who exists and will exist.\n\nSalutation to your tonsure, the pure tonsure of Christ, which has no equal.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, Agathon of the city of hope, chosen one. Help me, your son, at the time of the attack of the wicked Satan. Show the help that Abraham showed to Lot.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage alternates between salutation (ሰላም) stanzas and invocation (ተክለ ሃይማኖት) stanzas, a common pattern in Ethiopic malkeʿ hymns.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ሥዕርተ ርእስከ","severity":"info","text":"ሥዕርተ ርእስከ (śəʿrəta rəʾsəka) means 'hair of your head'; the following line notes it is shaven (ተላጸቀ), referencing monastic tonsure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አብርሃም ለሎጥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Abraham helping Lot (አብርሃም ለሎጥ) alludes to Genesis 14:14-16, where Abraham rescues Lot from captivity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ደብረ ሊባኖስ","severity":"info","text":"Mount Libanos (ደብረ ሊባኖስ) is a monastery in Ethiopia associated with Takla Hāymānot, who is said to have founded it.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተክለ ሃይማኖት","severity":"info","text":"Takla Hāymānot is a major saint in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, often invoked for intercession; this hymn reflects his role as a mediator.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0581Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ጸባኢ","severity":"caution","text":"ጸባኢ (ṣabāʿi) can mean 'adversary' or 'enemy'; the line 'my adversary, may you strike my adversary' is ambiguous—possibly a spiritual opponent or a literal one.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'adversary' (ጸባኢ) in the second stanza is unclear—could be a personal foe, a demonic force, or a metaphorical struggle.","The phrase 'the darkness of the people' (ጽልሙታነ ሕዝብ) in the fifth stanza may refer to the Israelites in Egypt or to general ignorance before Moses' illumination."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ሰላም፡ ለእስትንፋስከ፡ ዘመዐዛሁ፡ ስኂን፨ ወለጕርዔከ፡ መዓርዒር፡ ኅሩመ፡ ስቴ፡ ሜስ፡ ወወይን፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ስጥጥ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ፀርየ፡ ሰይጣን፨ በከመ፡ ሰጠጠ፡ ጦማረ፡ ሮማዊ፡ ልዮን፨ ዲዮስቆሮስ፡ ያርብሐዊ፡ በኵሉ፡ ዘመን፨\n\nሰላም፡ እብል፡ ለአፃብዐ፡ እግርከ፡ ሰንሰሪቍ፨ እለ፡ ተኣምረ፡ ገብራ፡ በዘዚአሆን፡ ኍልቍ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ፀሓይ፡ ዘወርኀ፡ ኵርያቍ፨ ስደኒ፡ ውስተ፡ ቤትከ፡ ዘአረፋቲሃ፡ አዕናቍ፨ አኮ፡ ዘዕብን፡ ወአኮ፡ ዘኅቍ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለቆምከ፡ ወለመልክእከ፡ ኅቱም፨ በማኅተመ፡ አምላክ፡ ግሩም፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ አንበሳ፡ ዘደብረ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ገዳም፨ ተንሥእ፡ እምኅዝአትከ፡ ዘአልቦ፡ ድካም፨ ማእረረከ፡ ኢታማስን፡ ላህም፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለመቃብሪከ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ በፍጽማ፨ እንተ፡ ይእቲ፡ ማኅደረ፡ ማርያም፡ ስማ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ካህን፡ ወነቢይ፡ ዘአውቴዝራማ፨ ደቂቀ፡ ዚአከ፡ ከመ፡ ኢይሁክ፡ መስቴማ፨ ኀይለከ፡ አንሥእ፡ ወአስተርኢ፡ ግርማ፨","english":"Salutation to your breath, whose fragrance is incense; and to your throat, a goblet of mixed drink, mead, and wine.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, strike the book of my enemy Satan, as the Roman lion struck the spear of Dioscorus the Arian in every age.\n\nSalutation I say to the toes of your feet, the chain, which performed a miracle in their own place.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, sun of the moon of your crown, drive me into your house whose windows are of lead, not of stone and not of seal.\n\nSalutation to your stature and to your sealed form, with the great seal of God.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, lion of Dabra Libānos of the wilderness, arise from your slumber which has no weakness; your meadow is the pasture of the ox.\n\nSalutation to your tomb, to the church in perfection, which is called the dwelling of Mary.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, priest and prophet of Awtēzarāma, your children like your own are not for Mastēma; raise your power and show your majesty.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ስኂን","severity":"info","text":"The Geʿez word ስኂን (səḫin) is a loan from Arabic or Aramaic meaning 'incense' or 'fragrant smoke', emphasizing the sanctity of the saint's breath.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ዲዮስቆሮስ","severity":"info","text":"Dioscorus the Arian (4th century) was a patriarch of Alexandria whose Christological views were condemned. The 'Roman lion' likely refers to a legendary confrontation symbolizing orthodoxy's triumph.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም","severity":"info","text":"Each stanza begins with ሰላም (salutation), a standard malkeʾ structure, followed by a direct address to Takla Hāymānot, creating a rhythmic alternation between praise and petition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"አንበሳ ዘደብረ ሊባኖስ","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'lion of Dabra Libānos' parallels the common hagiographic trope of the saint as a lion, echoing the monastic tradition of Takla Hāymānot as a spiritual warrior in the wilderness.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ተክለ ሃይማኖት","severity":"info","text":"This malkeʾ hymn reflects the enduring veneration of Takla Hāymānot in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, where he is celebrated as a founder of monasticism and a miracle worker.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ኢታማስን","severity":"caution","text":"The Geʿez word ኢታማስን (ʿuṭāmasən) is obscure; the translation 'pasture' is conjectural. It may be a toponym or a rare term for a grazing area, requiring further lexical study.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'sun of the moon of your crown' (ፀሓይ ዘወርኀ ኵርያቍ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a solar-lunar symbolism of the saint's halo or to a specific iconographic detail.","The identity of 'Awtēzarāma' (አውቴዝራማ) is unclear; it may be a place name or a title, but no known location matches this spelling in standard references."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ሰላም፡ ለመቃብሪከ፡ መቃብረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዋሕድ፨ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ማኅፈድ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ቀዋሚ፡ ካልአ፡ ስምዖን፡ ዘዐምድ፨ ተበፃዕከ፡ ነዋ፡ በመርኅበ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ዐውድ፨ ወተሰባሕከ፡ በኵሉ፡ ዐጸድ፨\n\nሰላም፡ ለአዕፅምቲከ፡ አዕፅምተ፡ ብእሲ፡ አዳም፨ ዘኢየሩሳሌም፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ግሑሥ፡ ዘንብረትከ፡ ገዳም፨ እምብዕለ፡ ነፍስከ፡ ክፍለኒ፡ ዮም፨ እስመ፡ ብዕልየ፡ ጽላሎት፡ ወሕልም፨\n\nብፁዕ፡ ዘቀነተ፡ ሰይፈ፨ ውስተ፡ ቀርያታርም፡ ናባል፡ አመ፡ ኪያሁ፡ ፀረፈ፨ ከመ፡ አዕረፎ፡ በሠናይ፡ ወነፍሰ፡ ዚአሁ፡ ተወክፈ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ እግዚእከ፡ ዘአናቅጸ፡ ሞት፡ ኀለፈ፨ በርስዓን፡ ጥሉል፡ ኪያከ፡ አዕረፈ፨\n\nተኣምሪከ፡ ተከሥተ፡ እምተኀብኦቱ፡ ጥዩቀ፨ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክ፡ እንተ፡ በይሁዳ፡ ተዐውቀ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ዮሐንስ፡ እንዘ፡ ኢተኀሥሥ፡ አውቀ፨ በደሴተ፡ ባሕር፡ አመ፡ ረሰይከ፡ ምርፋቀ፨ ሰይጣን፡ ጐየ፡ ወቆመ፡ ርኁቀ፨\n\nተአምሪከ፡ ሕፃን፡ እምከርሠ፡ መቃብር፡ ተወልደ፨ ወአስተርአየ፡ ገሀደ፨","english":"Salutation to your tomb, the tomb of Christ the One, and the Holy Spirit, the sanctuary.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, the second Simeon of the pillar, you have ascended now to the chariot of the king, the court, and you have been scattered throughout the whole field.\n\nSalutation to your bones, the bones of the man Adam, of Jerusalem.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, fierce one, from your monastic habit, the monastery, from the abundance of your soul, grant me a portion today, for my abundance is shadow and dream.\n\nBlessed is he who girded on a sword in Qaryātarm, Nābal, when he wrote against him, as he rested in goodness, and his soul was accepted.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, your Lord who cut short death, passed by; with a pure arrow, he caused you to rest.\n\nYour miracle was hidden from its concealment, subtle; God the Lord, who was known in Judah.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, John, while you knew not to seek, on an island of the sea, when you fixed your anchor, Satan fled and stood far off.\n\nYour miracle: a child was born from the womb of the tomb, and appeared openly.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ሰላም፡ ለመቃብሪከ፡ መቃብረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዋሕድ፨ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ማኅፈድ፨","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a salutation to the saint's tomb, identified with the tomb of Christ and the Holy Spirit, establishing a liturgical pattern of veneration.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ቀዋሚ፡ ካልአ፡ ስምዖን፡ ዘዐምድ፨","severity":"info","text":"Takla Hāymānot is compared to Simeon Stylites, the pillar saint, linking him to a well-known ascetic tradition in Eastern Christianity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"መርኅበ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ዐውድ፨","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'chariot of the king, the court' likely refers to a royal or divine vehicle, possibly alluding to the saint's ascension or spiritual triumph.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"አዕፅምተ፡ ብእሲ፡ አዳም፨ ዘኢየሩሳሌም፨","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Adam's bones from Jerusalem echoes the tradition that Adam was buried at Golgotha, linking the saint's relics to salvation history.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"በደሴተ፡ ባሕር፡ አመ፡ ረሰይከ፡ ምርፋቀ፨","severity":"info","text":"The image of the saint anchoring on a sea island and causing Satan to flee reflects hagiographic motifs of Takla Hāymānot's miracles, common in Ethiopic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ተአምሪከ፡ ሕፃን፡ እምከርሠ፡ መቃብር፡ ተወልደ፨","severity":"caution","text":"The final miracle of a child born from a tomb's womb is ambiguous; it may be a metaphor for resurrection or a specific legend, but the text does not clarify the referent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Nābal' in line 5 is unclear; it may be a place or person, but the text does not specify.","The phrase 'your Lord who cut short death' could refer to Christ or a divine agent, but the antecedent is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ እንዘ፡ ታቄርብ፡ ሰጊደ፨ በደሴተ፡ ባሕር፡ አምጣነ፡ ኮንከ፡ ጽሙደ፨ ኀቤከ፡ ውእቱ፡ እምሰማይ፡ ወረደ፨\n\nንጉሥ፡ እንዘ፡ የኀልፍ፡ ፍኖተ፨ ሳሚ፡ ረጋሚ፡ ረገመ፡ ርግምተ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ኪያከ፡ እመ፡ ጸአለ፡ ጽእለተ፨ ብእሲ፡ በሥጋሁ፡ ይረክብ፡ ቍረተ፨ ወበነፍሱ፡ ይትዋረስ፡ እሳተ፨\n\nአምጣነ፡ አቅረብኩ፡ ለከ፡ አምኃ፡ ሰላምየ፡ ዘንተ፨ በከመ፡ ተክህለኒ፡ ሊተ፨\n\nተክለ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ አቡየ፡ እስመ፡ መምህረ፡ ሕግ፡ አንተ፨ በዝዓለም፡ ሀበኒ፡ በረከተ፨ ወበደኃሪ፡ ንሥአኒ፡ ዐሥራተ፨","english":"Takla Hāymānot, for Christ, while you bow in prostration. On the island of the sea, you became a pillar. To you, he who descended from heaven.\n\nThe king, while passing along the road, a blind man, a stoner, cast a stone.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, from you, when he sought a struggle. A man in his flesh finds a wound, and in his soul inherits fire.\n\nWhen I offered to you these gifts of my salutation, as you taught me.\n\nTakla Hāymānot, my father, for you are a teacher of the law. In this world, give me blessing, and in the end, lift me up as a tithe.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is the fourth and final unit of the malkeʿ hymn, shifting from direct praise to a narrative vignette and a personal petition.","cites":[{"key":"betmas:LIT0581Malke","label":"betmas: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ተክለ ሃይማኖት","severity":"info","text":"Takla Hāymānot, meaning 'Plant of the Faith,' is a major Ethiopian saint, often associated with monasticism and miracles.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging","label":"gap dossier: Miracle of Mary: The thief (Qirās of Galatia) whom the king's soldiers could not kill by hanging because he prayed to the Virgin Mary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-brigand-hanging"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"እሳተ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'inherits fire' (ይትዋረስ እሳተ) may allude to hellfire as a consequence of sin, echoing New Testament warnings (e.g., Matthew 25:41).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"በደሴተ ባሕር","severity":"info","text":"The 'island of the sea' likely refers to Lake Hayq or Lake Tana, where Takla Hāymānot is said to have performed ascetic feats, including standing as a pillar.","cites":[{"key":"ed:LIT0581Malke","label":"source edition: Image of Takla Hāymānot","url":"https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT0581Malke"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The petition for blessing and tithe (ዐሥራተ) reflects the saint's role as an intercessor in Ethiopian Orthodox devotion, where tithes are offered to churches.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990028311540203941","label":"The Mariology of emperor Zärʼa Yaʻeqob of Ethiopia : texts and translations","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990028311540203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the king' and the 'blind man, a stoner' is unclear; possibly a hagiographic episode not fully preserved.","The phrase 'when he sought a struggle' (እመ ጸአለ ጽእለተ) could refer to a demonic or human adversary."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}