{"slug":"40mb","id":"georgian:titus:40mb","title":"Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:00Z","cost_usd":0.001013},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:40mb","work_id":"40mb","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae (vs. B). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 26.9.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"},"stats":{"passages":1,"english_words":129,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":5,"commentary_kinds":5,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":2,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"40mb","abstract":"The Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae is an Old Georgian hagiographic text recounting the martyrdom of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, traditionally dated to 320 CE under Emperor Licinius. Surviving in a single manuscript (Titus edition) with no known variant tradition, the Georgian version likely dates to the early medieval period. It reflects the broader Eastern Christian veneration of these martyrs, with a feast on March 9 in the Georgian liturgical calendar. The text lacks a critical apparatus, and no modern translation or detailed commentary accompanies the edition, limiting textual criticism and interpretation.","historical_context":"The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste were Christian soldiers executed in 320 CE under Licinius, co-emperor with Constantine, who persecuted Christians in the East. The Georgian version of their martyrdom likely originated in the early medieval period, possibly within the Georgian monastic or liturgical tradition, as indicated by its inclusion in a liturgical manuscript with the closing invocation 'Kyrie eleison'. The text survives in a single manuscript (Titus edition) with no known variant tradition, suggesting limited transmission. The Georgian text shows linguistic and textual features typical of early medieval Georgian hagiography, including a corruption of the emperor's name to 'Lukianos' and variants in the list of martyrs' names compared to standard Greek lists. The genre is hagiography, specifically a martyrdom account (წამებაჲ), used in liturgical contexts for the feast on March 9.","significance":"This text is significant as a witness to the early medieval Georgian reception of a major Eastern Christian hagiographic tradition, the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. It provides insight into Georgian liturgical practices and textual transmission, including scribal errors and adaptations. The text's survival in a single manuscript underscores the fragility of early Georgian literary heritage and the need for further critical study.","timeline":[{"date":"320 CE","event":"Martyrdom of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste under Emperor Licinius."},{"date":"4th–5th c.","event":"Development of Greek hagiographic accounts of the Forty Martyrs."},{"date":"Early medieval (likely 6th–10th c.)","event":"Composition of the Old Georgian version of the martyrdom."},{"date":"Medieval","event":"Transmission of the Georgian text in a single manuscript."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Edition of the Old Georgian text by Titus (no critical apparatus)."}],"relations":[{"work":"Greek hagiographic accounts of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste","relation":"Source or parallel tradition; Georgian version adapts and transmits the story with textual variants.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian liturgical calendar (feast on March 9)","relation":"Liturgical context; the text was used in church services for the feast.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Other Old Georgian hagiographies (e.g., martyrdom of Shushanik)","relation":"Part of the same early medieval Georgian hagiographic corpus, sharing linguistic and stylistic features.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Martyrium of the Forty Martyrs in other Eastern Christian traditions (e.g., Syriac, Armenian)","relation":"Part of a broader Eastern Christian veneration; Georgian version is a local adaptation.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"Titus edition of the Old Georgian text","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm","reason":"Primary source for the text; the edition used for this dossier."}],"cautions":["The date of the Georgian version is uncertain; it is likely early medieval but cannot be precisely dated.","The text survives in a single manuscript with no known variant tradition, limiting textual criticism and the identification of scribal errors.","The edition lacks a critical apparatus, so variant readings or errors in the sole manuscript are not identified.","The corruption of the emperor's name to 'Lukianos' and variants in the list of names may indicate scribal errors or local adaptation, but this cannot be confirmed without comparative manuscripts."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000442,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:19:59Z"},"checks":{"work":"40mb","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":1,"translated":1,"commentary_passages":1,"commentary_units":5,"english_words":129,"source_letters":691,"commentary_kinds":5},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text survives in a single manuscript (Titus ed.) with no known variant tradition, limiting textual criticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The martyrdom of the Forty of Sebaste is traditionally dated to 320 CE under Licinius; the Georgian version likely dates to the early medieval period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This Georgian text reflects the broader Eastern Christian veneration of the Forty Martyrs, with a feast on March 9 in the Georgian liturgical calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition does not provide a critical apparatus; variant readings or scribal errors in the sole manuscript are not identified.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"No modern translation or detailed commentary accompanies this edition; readers must rely on the Old Georgian text alone.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 1 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae (vs. B). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 26.9.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":1},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:40mb":{"label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"თთუესა მარტსა : თ : წამებაჲ წმიდათა ორმეოცთაჲ, რომელნი სებასტიას იწამნეს, რომელთაჲ სახელები ესე არს: დომენტიანოს, ვალის, ენუკოს, ფლავიოს, სისინოს, მელიტოს, ფილოქტისთონ, ერაკლიოს, კჳრიონ, ალექსანდროს, ვალერიოს, ევტჳქოს, ბაბინოს, ლვისიმახოს, კლავდიდოს, ელიას, დომნინოს, ათანასი, პრისკოს, მელიტონ, კჳრილოს, ეტჳქოს, ვალენტიანოს, სამარაგადოს, ლეონტიოს, სევერიანოს, ანაგეას, ეგდიკონ, აგენტიანოს, აკაკიოს, ნიკოლაოს, იოჰანჱ, ქუდიონკ, გალიოს, კანდიტოს, საკერდონ, გორგიანონ, თეოდოლაოს, თეოფილაოს, ანგიოს. კ(ჳრიელეი)ს(ო)ნ.\n\nჟამთა მათ ლუკიანე მეფისათა იყო დევნაჲ დიდი ქრისტიანეთა ზედა. და ყოველნი, რომელნი ცხონდებოდეს კეთილად მსახურებითა ქრისტჱს მიმართ, ხარკსაცა მისცემდეს მსაჯულსა მას აგრიკოლასს, რამეთუ იყო იგი კაცი ბილწ და გარდაგულარძნილ და მოისწრაფჱ აღსრულებად ნებასა ეშმაკისასა. და ქრისტეანენიცა, რომელნი ერსა მას შინა იყვნეს, აიძულებდეს მათ, რაჲთაცა უზორეს.","english":"In the month of March, on the ninth day: the martyrdom of the holy Forty, who were martyred in Sebasteia, whose names are these: Domentianos, Valis, Enukos, Flavios, Sisinos, Melitos, Philoktiston, Heraklios, Kyrio, Alexandros, Valerios, Eutykhos, Babinos, Lysimakhos, Klaudidos, Elias, Domninos, Athanasia, Priskos, Meliton, Kyriollos, Eutykhos, Valentianos, Samaragados, Leontios, Severianos, Anageas, Egdikon, Agentianos, Akakios, Nikolaos, Ioane, Koudionk, Galios, Kanditos, Sakerdon, Gorgianon, Theodolaos, Theophilaos, Angios. Lord, have mercy.\n\nIn the times of that Emperor Lukianos, there was a great persecution against Christians. And all who were saved by good service to Christ also paid tribute to that judge Agrikolas, for he was a defiled and perverted man, and he hastened to fulfill the will of the devil. And the Christians who were among that people, he compelled them to sacrifice.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"თთუესა მარტსა : თ : წამებაჲ წმიდათა ორმეოცთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula gives the date (March 9) and identifies the text as a martyrdom (წამებაჲ) of the Forty, typical of hagiographic calendars.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ლუკიანე მეფისათა","severity":"info","text":"The emperor is called 'Lukianos' in the Georgian, likely a corruption of Licinius, who co-ruled with Constantine and persecuted Christians in the East before 324.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"აგრიკოლასს","severity":"info","text":"Agrikolas (Agricola) is the judge who presided over the trial of the Forty Martyrs of Sebasteia, a historical figure in the early 4th-century persecution under Licinius.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"კ(ჳრიელეი)ს(ო)ნ","severity":"info","text":"The closing invocation 'Kyrie eleison' (Lord, have mercy) is a liturgical addition, common in Georgian hagiographic manuscripts used in church services.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"სახელები ესე არს","severity":"caution","text":"The list of names contains several variants and possible scribal errors (e.g., 'Koudionk', 'Anageas') compared to standard Greek lists of the Forty Martyrs.","cites":[{"key":"ed:40mb","label":"source edition: Martyrium 40 martyrum Sebastae","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/40mb/40mb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The emperor's name 'Lukianos' may be a scribal error for Licinius, but the text does not clarify the historical identity.","Several names in the list are corrupt or unattested in other sources, making identification uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}