纳西语中的蒙古语借词

Mongolian Loanwords in the Naxi Language

木仕华 · A certain number of Mongolian loanwords have been borrowed into the Naxi （Nakhi） language since the 13th century and during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. These loanwords constitute important components of the lexical system in the Naxi langauge. This paper enumerates some of the loanwords and presents an etymological study on them in order to facilitate the study of language contact between the Tibeto-Burman language Naxi and the Altaic language Mongolian, and to promote the understanding of the historical process of Mongolian administration in Yunnan in the Yuan dynasty and the impact of the Mongolian culture on the cultures of the peoples across the Tibetan-Yi Corridor., 2015

摘要 · Abstract

Mu Shihua argues that Naxi absorbed a substantial layer of Mongolian vocabulary following the 13th-century Mongol conquest of Dali and through the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Drawing on Dongba and Geba scriptural texts, Chinese-character inscriptions, and comparative data across Mongolic, Turkic, and Tungusic languages, the paper traces nine loanwords into Naxi: khɑ³gɑ³/khɑ³ "emperor, khan" (from qaɣan/qan), bɑɣɑr³ "tiger" (used as a chieftain title), araki "distilled liquor" (ultimately from Arabic via Mongolian/Turkic), sorma "a mild fermented liquor," tayiji "prince/noble title," badaa "ritual rice offering," anda "friend/sworn brother," oko "elder brother," and abu "father." The author also distinguishes true loanwords from broader Sino-Tibetan/Altaic "parallel words" of uncertain origin, and notes that Naxi's Mongolian loans have lost the original vowel harmony and coda structure, being fully assimilated into Naxi's tonal phonology.

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