A Study of the Chinese Interlanguage in Bilingual Naxi Regions
Published in 2000, this article by Gai Xingzhi extends his earlier interlanguage/substratum framework specifically to the Chinese spoken in Naxi bilingual areas of Lijiang, particularly Dayan Town. It argues that this "Naxi Chinese interlanguage" is socially, naturalistically, and regionally distinct from classroom-taught foreign-language interlanguage, and that once fossilized it becomes the Lijiang Chinese dialect. The article details Naxi-conditioned tonal mergers and initial-consonant conversion patterns, the "old wine in new bottles" phenomenon of Chinese vocabulary combined with Naxi syntax, a proposed layered elementary/advanced developmental model distinguishing the vernacular Lijiang dialect from a further "Standard Mandarin interlanguage," and a comparison of the interlanguage's phonological system (initials, finals, tones) against Naxi phonology, showing systematic rather than similarity-based sound conversion.
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