**Journal of the Yunnan Institute of Socialism**
This article, part of a series introducing Yunnan's ethnic minorities, profiles the Dai and De'ang peoples. The Dai, numbering 1.139 million (2010), live mainly in Xishuangbanna and Dehong in fertile river valleys, known for forests, Pu'er tea, and gemstones. Descended from ancient Yue peoples, they historically bore names like "Dianyue" and "Shan." They have their own Zhuang-Dong language branch and multiple scripts, practice Theravada Buddhism alongside primitive religion, and celebrate the Water-Splitting Festival and Door-Opening/Closing festivals. Their rice-farming culture emphasizes honesty, harmony, respect for elders, and ecological protection. The De'ang (176,000 people, 2001), descended from the ancient "Pu" people, inhabit the Gaoligong and Nu mountain ranges, divided into Red, Flower, and Black De'ang subgroups, with distinctive "courting" customs (chuan guniang), non-hierarchical marriage practices, and important religious festivals such as Jinfa and Chuwa.
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